相关申请的交叉引用Cross References to Related Applications
本申请按35U.S.C.§119规定要求2011年6月2日提交的美国临时申请号61/492,426的优先权，将其全部内容作为参考结合于此。This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/492,426, filed June 2, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
技术领域technical field
本发明总得涉及通过一个或多个照明灯具来充分照亮目标区域的装置和方法。更具体地说，本发明涉及照明灯具的设计和使用的改进，以便可以分开从所述照明灯具投射出的光的瞄准和遮断(cutoff)步骤，以在不会不利地影响照明灯具的尺寸、有效投射面积或者功效的情况下在解决特殊应用的光需求中获得更高的灵活性。The present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for substantially illuminating a target area with one or more lighting fixtures. More specifically, the present invention relates to improvements in the design and use of lighting fixtures so that the steps of aiming and cutting off light projected from the lighting fixture can be separated without adversely affecting the size of the lighting fixture, In the case of effective projected area or efficacy, higher flexibility is obtained in solving the light requirements of special applications.
背景技术Background technique
众所周知的是，为了充分照亮目标区域—特别是形状复杂的目标区域—需要光导向(例如，瞄准、对准)和光的再导向(例如，阻断、反射)的工作的组合；例如，参见作为参考结合到本文中的美国专利号7,458,700。通常在用于通过多个高架的探照灯型灯具来照明的运动场地的实例的图1A-C中示出了该构思。如可以从图1A中看到的，在未瞄准的状态中，灯具4照亮目标区域5(其一般不但包括包含场地的水平面，而且包括所述场地上方和周围的有限空间)的某些部分；该照明通过投射的光束7来用图解法地示出，其中光束7的阴影部分被认为是所希望的。相对于杆6调整灯具4(例如，通过围绕其附连点枢转)来使光束7瞄准所期望的目标区域5的最左边的部分(参见图1B)，而且结果形成了例如露天看台515的不希望的照亮区域。通常被称为溢出灯光的该灯光是浪费的并且存在潜在的麻烦(例如，对于露天看台515中的观众)或者危险(例如，对于邻近目标区域5的公路上的驾驶员)。为了足够地消除溢出灯光，可以给灯具4添加遮罩或者类似设备(参见图1C)以提供所期望的遮断。某些遮罩(在作为参考结合到本文中的美国专利号7,789,540中所公开的那些)设有内部反射面以遮断灯光并且改变所述灯光的方向返回到目标区域5以使其不被吸收或者被浪费。It is well known that adequately illuminating a target area—particularly one of complex shape—requires a combination of light-guiding (e.g., aiming, aiming) and light-redirecting (e.g., blocking, reflecting) efforts; see, for example, US Patent No. 7,458,700 is incorporated herein by reference. This concept is generally shown in Figures 1A-C for the example of a sports field illuminated by multiple overhead searchlight-type luminaires. As can be seen from FIG. 1A, in the unaimed state, the luminaire 4 illuminates some portion of the target area 5 (which generally includes not only the horizontal plane containing the field, but also the limited space above and around said field). ; The illumination is shown diagrammatically by the projected light beam 7, wherein the shaded part of the light beam 7 is considered as desired. Adjusting the luminaire 4 relative to the pole 6 (e.g. by pivoting about its point of attachment) aims the light beam 7 at the leftmost part of the desired target area 5 (see FIG. Undesirably illuminated areas. This light, commonly referred to as spill light, is wasteful and potentially nuisance (eg, for spectators in the bleachers 515 ) or dangerous (eg, for drivers on the road adjacent to the target area 5 ). To sufficiently eliminate spill light, a shade or similar device (see FIG. 1C ) may be added to the luminaire 4 to provide the desired occlusion. Certain masks (such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,789,540, incorporated herein by reference) are provided with internal reflective surfaces to block light and redirect it back to the target area 5 so that it is not absorbed or wasted.
图1A-C中所示的方法存在限制。例如，灯具4相对于杆6的调整和遮罩的添加可能不利地影响灯具的有效投射面积(EPA)，这可能增大风负荷。增大EPA可能需要更坚固的杆或者将灯具固定到杆上的更坚固器具，这两者都可能增加成本。假定一般很宽的区域或者运动照明应用利用每个杆具有多个灯具的多个杆(例如，参见上述美国专利号7,458,700)，对EPA微小的改变所增加的成本可能是相当大的。There are limitations to the approach shown in Figure 1A-C. For example, adjustment of light fixture 4 relative to pole 6 and addition of shades may adversely affect the effective projected area (EPA) of the light fixture, which may increase wind loads. Increasing the EPA may require a stronger pole or stronger fixtures to secure the light fixture to the pole, both of which may increase costs. Given that typically wide area or sports lighting applications utilize multiple poles with multiple light fixtures per pole (see, eg, the aforementioned US Patent No. 7,458,700), the incremental cost of a small change to the EPA can be substantial.
作为另一实例，图1A-C中的方法最适合于包含单一光源的灯具，例如，上述美国专利号7,458,700和7,789,540中使用的高瓦数HID灯。众所周知的是，行业中存在制造出更有效的照明灯具的需求；有效在灯具自身意义上是从灯具壳体获得更多的光并且照射到目标区域上，并且在光源自身意义上是更紧凑而同时显示出可比的或者更高的效能。这引起了一问题，因为当将多个小光源(例如，LED)放入到灯具4中时，单个遮罩可能不能足够使所有溢出的光再导向返回到目标区域5或者提供明显的遮断；这可能产生不均匀的照明、阴影效应或者眩光，眩光可能是令人讨厌的或者是潜在有危害的(例如，影响场地的可运动性)。As another example, the approach in FIGS. 1A-C is best suited for lamps that contain a single light source, such as the high wattage HID lamps used in the aforementioned US Patent Nos. 7,458,700 and 7,789,540. It is well known that there is a need in the industry to create more efficient lighting fixtures; efficient in the sense of getting more light from the luminaire housing and onto the target area, and more compact and efficient in the sense of the light source itself. while showing comparable or higher potency. This poses a problem because when multiple small light sources (e.g. LEDs) are put into the luminaire 4, a single shade may not be sufficient to redirect all spilled light back into the target area 5 or provide significant occlusion; This can produce uneven lighting, shadowing effects, or glare, which can be objectionable or potentially harmful (eg, affecting field mobility).
因此，在现有技术中存在对可能实现多个例如LED的小光源的优点(例如，长使用寿命、高效能、瞄准多个点的能力、产生光照均匀性的更大灵活性等)而保持所希望的所述灯具的特征(例如，低EPA、高利用率等)的照明灯具的设计需求，并存在对操作所述灯具以解决目标区域所需的光照而避免不合需要的灯光效果(例如，不均匀照明、阴影效应、眩光等)的方法需求。Therefore, in the prior art there is a need to maintain the advantages (e.g., long service life, high efficiency, ability to aim at multiple points, greater flexibility in producing uniformity of illumination, etc.) possible to realize multiple small light sources such as LEDs. There are design requirements for lighting fixtures with desired characteristics of the luminaire (e.g., low EPA, high utilization, etc.), and there is a need to operate the luminaire to address the desired illumination of the target area while avoiding undesirable lighting effects (e.g., , uneven lighting, shadow effects, glare, etc.) method requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
构想一种设计成容纳多个光源的紧凑型照明灯具，和用于独立的光导向和光再导向以便与运动照明应用中至少大多数的传统的探照灯型灯具相比可以具有增加眩光控制、减少EPA和增加光照均匀性地来充分照亮复杂的目标区域的器具及方法。Contemplates a compact lighting fixture designed to accommodate multiple light sources, and for independent light directing and light redirection to have increased glare control, reduced EPA compared to at least most conventional floodlight-type fixtures in sports lighting applications Apparatus and method for fully illuminating complex target areas with increased illumination uniformity.
因此，本发明的基本目标、特征、优点或者方面是对现有技术的改进和/或解决现有技术中存在的问题、事项或者缺陷。Therefore, the basic object, feature, advantage or aspect of the present invention is to improve the prior art and/or solve the problems, issues or defects in the prior art.
根据本发明的一方面，一种模块化装置包括多个容纳在带有遮罩的壳体中的光源(具有相关联的光学构件)。所述模块化装置被设计成，所述多个光源和遮罩围绕一个、两个或者三个轴线枢转，并且如果需要，可独立地围绕所述轴线中的至少一个枢转。According to one aspect of the invention, a modular device includes a plurality of light sources (with associated optical components) housed in a housing with a shroud. The modular arrangement is designed such that the plurality of light sources and shades pivot about one, two or three axes and, if desired, independently pivot about at least one of said axes.
根据本发明的另一方面，相对于其在目标区域上方的架高点来调整包括多个所述模块化装置的照明灯具，以提供从那里投射出的光的某些瞄准。然后，可以相对于其至照明灯具的连接点来调整每个模块化装置以提供从那里投射的光的进一步瞄准。紧跟着这，或者另外，可以有选择地并且相互独立地调整每个模块化装置中的各光源和各遮罩，以提供所期望的对准和遮断。以该方式，从每个模块化装置投射的光参与了目标区域的全部照明的一部分；这允许在解决例如防止眩光和照明均匀性的事项中的灵活性。According to another aspect of the invention, a lighting fixture comprising a plurality of said modular arrangements is adjusted relative to its elevated point above the target area to provide some aiming of the light projected therefrom. Each modular device can then be adjusted relative to its connection point to the lighting fixture to provide further targeting of the light projected therefrom. Following this, or in addition, each light source and each shade in each modular assembly can be adjusted selectively and independently of each other to provide the desired alignment and shading. In this way, the light projected from each modular device participates in part of the overall illumination of the target area; this allows flexibility in addressing matters such as glare prevention and uniformity of illumination.
参见所附的说明书和权利要求，本发明的所述及其他目标、特征、优点或者方面将变得显而易见。These and other objects, features, advantages or aspects of the present invention will become apparent upon reference to the appended description and claims.
附图说明Description of drawings
在该说明书中将经常参考由图号标识出的附图并总结如下。Throughout this specification reference will often be made to the drawings identified by figure numbers and summarized below.
图1A-C示意性地图解了通过照明灯具来照亮目标区域的一般过程。图1A图解了未瞄准的照明灯具，图1B图解了瞄准了的图1A的灯具，并且图1C图解了瞄准并具有遮挡的图1A的灯具。1A-C schematically illustrate the general process of illuminating a target area by a lighting fixture. FIG. 1A illustrates the lighting fixture unaimed, FIG. 1B illustrates the fixture of FIG. 1A aimed, and FIG. 1C illustrates the fixture of FIG. 1A aimed and with occlusion.
图2A-F图解了根据本发明的方面的模块化装置的多个视图。图2A-D图解了透视图，图2E图解了前视图，并且图2F图解了沿图2E的线A-A的剖视图。2A-F illustrate various views of a modular device according to aspects of the invention. Figures 2A-D illustrate perspective views, Figure 2E illustrates a front view, and Figure 2F illustrates a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Figure 2E.
图3A和B图解了图2A-F中示出的模块化装置的多个分解透视图。Figures 3A and B illustrate various exploded perspective views of the modular device shown in Figures 2A-F.
图4A-C图解了图2F的模块化装置处于未瞄准的状态(图4A)和在独立枢转之后(图4B和C)的剖面A-A。4A-C illustrate section A-A of the modular device of FIG. 2F in an unaimed state (FIG. 4A) and after independent pivoting (FIGS. 4B and C).
图5A-D图解了根据本发明的一个可能的杆和照明灯具，其包括图2A-F中示出的多个模块化装置。图5A和B是杆和灯具的透视图，并且图5C和D是灯具的放大透视图。Figures 5A-D illustrate one possible pole and lighting fixture according to the present invention comprising a plurality of the modular arrangements shown in Figures 2A-F. Figures 5A and B are perspective views of a pole and light fixture, and Figures 5C and D are enlarged perspective views of the light fixture.
图6A-D示意性地图解了通过具有三个枢轴线的照明灯具来照亮目标区域的一般过程。图6A图解了未瞄准的照明灯具，图6B图解了围绕第一轴线枢转后的图6A的灯具，图6C图解了围绕第二轴线枢转后的图6B的灯具，并且图6D图解了围绕第三轴线枢转后的图6C的灯具。6A-D schematically illustrate the general process of illuminating a target area by a lighting fixture with three pivot axes. Figure 6A illustrates an unaimed lighting fixture, Figure 6B illustrates the fixture of Figure 6A after pivoting about a first axis, Figure 6C illustrates the fixture of Figure 6B after pivoting about a second axis, and Figure 6D illustrates the fixture around The luminaire of Fig. 6C after pivoting of the third axis.
图7A和B图解了通过改进图2A-F的模块化装置的结构部件来提供第三枢转轴线的一种可能方式；图7A图解了组装后的透视图，并且图7B图解了部分分解后的透视图。Figures 7A and B illustrate one possible way of providing a third pivot axis by modifying the structural components of the modular device of Figures 2A-F; Figure 7A illustrates an assembled perspective view, and Figure 7B illustrates a partially exploded perspective view.
图8按流程图形式图解了使用包括多个模块化装置12的灯具10来解决特殊应用的照明需求的一种可能方法。FIG. 8 illustrates, in flow chart form, one possible method of using a luminaire 10 comprising a plurality of modular assemblies 12 to address the lighting needs of a particular application.
图9图解了与LED27一起使用的光学设备的一种可能设计以防止水平扩散。Figure 9 illustrates one possible design of optics for use with LED 27 to prevent horizontal spreading.
具体实施方式detailed description
A.概述A. Overview
为了进一步理解本发明，将详细描述根据本发明的具体的示例性实施例。在说明中将频繁地提到附图。使用附图标记来表示附图中的某些部件。除非另有说明，否则将在全部附图中使用相同的附图标记来表示相同的部件。For further understanding of the present invention, specific exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail. Frequent reference will be made to the drawings in the description. Reference numerals are used to refer to certain parts in the drawings. Unless otherwise indicated, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same parts.
具体的示例性实施例涉及用于运动照明应用的探照灯型灯具；这通过实例和非限制的方式进行。例如，其中与运动照明应用相比一般需要更低的总亮度水平(例如，3水平尺烛光(fc)比50水平fc)、更低的照明均匀度(例如，10:1最大/最小比2:1最大/最小)和减小的缩进部(例如，几英尺比数十英尺)，其他较宽区域的照明应用可能还受益于根据本发明的至少一些方面。作为另一实例，嵌顶灯(downlight)型灯具(例如，相对于它们的杆一般不倾斜或者枢转的灯具)可能还受益于根据本发明的至少一些方面。作为又一实例，未被架高和用于运动照明的探照灯型灯具(例如，用于建筑物正面照明的地面安装的探照灯型灯具)可能还受益于根据本发明的至少一些方面。A specific exemplary embodiment relates to a searchlight type luminaire for sports lighting applications; this is done by way of example and not limitation. For example, where lower overall brightness levels (e.g., 3 horizontal footcandles (fc) versus 50 horizontal fc), lower illumination uniformity (e.g., 10:1 max/min ratio than 2 :1 max/min) and reduced setbacks (eg, a few feet versus tens of feet), other wider area lighting applications may also benefit from at least some aspects according to the present invention. As another example, downlight-type luminaires (eg, luminaires that do not generally tilt or pivot relative to their stems) may also benefit from at least some aspects in accordance with the present invention. As yet another example, floodlight-type luminaires that are not elevated and used for sports lighting (eg, ground-mounted floodlight-type luminaires for building facade lighting) may also benefit from at least some aspects in accordance with the present invention.
B.示例性方法和装置的实施例1B. Example 1 of Exemplary Methods and Apparatus
图2A-7B中示出了上述模块化装置的具体实例。关于图2A-2F，模块化装置12可能通常被认为是包括壳体22，壳体22形成为接收遮罩23和外罩24，外罩24适合于容纳多个具有相关联的光学器件28的光源27(例如，参见图3A)。外面的透镜29密封外罩24的开口面(参见图2F)—例如，通过粘合或者带扎—以使光源防尘、防毁坏或者其他不希望的事，并且如果需要，可以包括防反射涂层以保持透射效率。Specific examples of the above described modular devices are shown in Figures 2A-7B. 2A-2F, the modular apparatus 12 may generally be considered to include a housing 22 formed to receive a shroud 23 and an enclosure 24 adapted to house a plurality of light sources 27 with associated optics 28 (See, eg, Figure 3A). The outer lens 29 seals the open face of the housing 24 (see FIG. 2F )—for example, by gluing or taping—to protect the light source from dust, vandalism, or other undesirable things, and may include an anti-reflective coating if desired to maintain transmission efficiency.
遮罩23是由高反射材料(例如，将铝加工至高反射性)形成的并且附连到壳体22的内表面(即，无翅片的表面)上；参见图2F。应注意，遮罩23可以被螺接、胶粘或以其他方式直接附连到壳体22的内表面上，或者可以被螺接、胶粘或以其他方式附连到框架上，该框架被进一步附连到壳体22的内表面上；上述美国专利号7,789,540中论述了附连到框架上的反射材料的实例，该框架被进一步附连至用作遮罩的壳体。备选地，壳体22的内表面可以被用金属处理(例如，经由浸渍、涂敷、化学沉积、溅射等)以获得所期望的成品。遮罩23的精确形状可以依据应用的需求而变化，并且材料可以被处理(例如，喷丸硬化)或者以其他方式修饰(例如，磨光)以产生所需的照明作用(例如，产生与镜面反射相对比的漫反射)。Mask 23 is formed from a highly reflective material (eg, aluminum machined to be highly reflective) and is attached to the inner surface (ie, the non-finned surface) of housing 22; see Fig. 2F. It should be noted that the shroud 23 may be screwed, glued or otherwise attached directly to the inner surface of the housing 22, or may be screwed, glued or otherwise attached to a frame which is Further attached to the inner surface of the housing 22; an example of a reflective material attached to a frame further attached to the housing which acts as a mask is discussed in the aforementioned US Patent No. 7,789,540. Alternatively, the interior surface of housing 22 may be metalized (eg, via dipping, coating, chemical deposition, sputtering, etc.) to achieve the desired finish. The exact shape of the mask 23 can vary depending on the needs of the application, and the material can be treated (e.g., shot peened) or otherwise modified (e.g., polished) to produce the desired lighting effect (e.g., Reflective vs Diffuse).
在该实施例中，外罩24容纳有九个多芯片LED27，所述九个多芯片LED27具有例如作为参考结合于本文中的美国临时专利申请号61/539，166中所论述的九个相关联的光学器件或者透镜28—很可能处于上述申请的图6中所示的“嵌块”形式—虽然这是实例性和非限制性方式。例如，外罩24可能容纳九个可以从美国Durham，NC的Cree公司获得的XM-L型LED和九个窄光束透镜(例如，类似于可从美国MA，Reading的Fraen公司获得的FC-N2-XR79-0R型)。当然，其他型号的LED、其他种类的光源和其他数量的光源是可能的，并且被设想。同样，光学器件28可能包括设计成按任何分布方式(例如，中间的、椭圆形的、侧面发射的、气泡形的等)来投射光的透镜并且可以采用其他形式(例如，反射器)或者包括附加设备(例如，散射器、彩色凝胶剂等)以提供满足要求的光导向和/或光再导向器件来获得所期望的照明效果。光学器件28可以被胶粘、螺接或者以其他方式附连到光源27的电路板上；备选是，光学器件28可以定位地经由保持件(例如，通常由厂家提供的)附连或者如作为参考结合于本文中的美国专利申请号12/751,519(于2013年5月28日授权，美国专利号为8,449,144)中所描述的按压缩形式保持。最终，人们必须针对在目标区域所需的亮度等级和均匀度来权衡各模块化装置12的成本和尺寸；对于较宽区域照明应用需要更高的总亮度等级的运动照明应用，可能需要多芯片LED(具有相关联的光学器件)以相对例如上述高瓦数的HID灯的更传统的光源提供有竞争力的备选方案。In this embodiment, housing 24 houses nine multi-chip LEDs 27 having the nine associated The optics or lens 28—likely in the form of a "slug" as shown in FIG. 6 of the aforementioned application—although this is by way of example and not limitation. For example, housing 24 may house nine XM-L LEDs available from Cree Corporation of Durham, NC, USA and nine narrow beam lenses (e.g., similar to the FC-N2-L available from Fraen Corporation of Reading, MA, USA). XR79-0R type). Of course, other types of LEDs, other kinds of light sources, and other numbers of light sources are possible and contemplated. Likewise, optics 28 may include lenses designed to project light in any distribution (e.g., medial, elliptical, side-emitting, bubble-shaped, etc.) and may take other forms (e.g., reflectors) or include Additional equipment (eg, diffusers, colored gels, etc.) to provide adequate light directing and/or light redirecting devices to achieve the desired lighting effects. Optics 28 may be glued, screwed, or otherwise attached to the circuit board of light source 27; alternatively, optics 28 may be positionally attached via holders (e.g., typically provided by the manufacturer) or as Holds in compressed form as described in US Patent Application No. 12/751,519 (issued May 28, 2013, US Patent No. 8,449,144), incorporated herein by reference. Ultimately, one must balance the cost and size of each modular unit 12 against the desired level and uniformity of brightness in the target area; for sports lighting applications requiring higher overall brightness levels for wider area lighting applications, multi-chip may be required LEDs (with associated optics) offer a competitive alternative to more traditional light sources such as the high wattage HID lamps described above.
壳体22以这样的方式悬挂在轭状件21中，即，允许外罩24(并且从而，LED27)和壳体22(并且从而，遮罩23)的枢转围绕轴线26相互独立(参见图2E)；构造该模块化装置的一种可能方法是获得图3A和3B中所示的该构造。外罩24以这样的方式设置在壳体22的互补凹槽中(参见图2F和图3B)并且经由板30和相应的螺纹紧固件101定位地附连，即，将外罩24限制在壳体22的其凹槽中但不防碍外罩24经由枢轴线26(其沿外罩24的长度延伸—参见图2E)的枢转。部件34通过部件34中的弧形孔的长度来限定外罩24独立枢转的角度，部件34穿过轭状件21和壳体22插入到外罩24的互补端中；在该实例中，允许旋转0-45°，虽然这是实例性和非限制性的方式。外罩24的互补端大都为具有相应平坦部的圆柱形盲孔。因此，当部件34在外罩24的互补端上滑动时，其被紧固件101固定到一起(被固定到外罩24的互补端中的螺纹孔内)并且一起转动。当实现了外罩24的期望的旋转位置(即，瞄准角度)时，可以通过在所述弧形孔中设置螺纹紧固件101并且将所述螺纹紧固件拧紧到轭状件21侧部中的螺纹孔内来防止进一步枢转。按类似方式，按不防碍壳体22通过枢轴线26(其横向地穿过壳体22延伸)枢转的方式经由套筒32和部件34将壳体22定位地附连到轭状件21的臂之间。套筒32具有平坦的外部横向侧部，其配合到外罩22的壁中带平坦侧部的侧开口中；因此，套筒32与壳体22转动。通过轭状件21中的弧形孔的长度来限定壳体22的独立枢转(参见图3A的左侧)；穿过轭状件21的弧形孔将螺纹紧固件101拧紧到壳体22的左侧的螺纹孔中以将壳体22夹持到其旋转位置。在该实例中，允许壳体22旋转0-45°，虽然这是实例性和非限制性的方式。The housing 22 is suspended in the yoke 21 in such a way as to allow the pivoting of the housing 24 (and thus the LEDs 27) and the housing 22 (and thus the shield 23) about the axis 26 independently of each other (see FIG. 2E ); one possible way to construct the modular device is to obtain the configuration shown in Figures 3A and 3B. Housing 24 is disposed in a complementary recess in housing 22 (see FIGS. 2F and 3B ) and positionally attached via plate 30 and corresponding threaded fasteners 101 in such a way that housing 24 is constrained to the housing. 22 in its recess, but does not impede pivoting of housing 24 via pivot axis 26 (which extends along the length of housing 24—see FIG. 2E ). The angle of independent pivoting of the housing 24 is defined by the length of the arcuate hole in the member 34, which is inserted through the yoke 21 and housing 22 into the complementary end of the housing 24; in this instance, rotation is permitted 0-45°, although this is by way of example and not limitation. The complementary ends of the housing 24 are mostly cylindrical blind holes with corresponding flats. Thus, when parts 34 slide over the complementary end of housing 24, they are held together by fasteners 101 (secured into threaded holes in the complementary end of housing 24) and rotate together. When the desired rotational position (i.e., aiming angle) of the housing 24 has been achieved, a threaded fastener 101 can be placed in the arcuate hole and tightened into the side of the yoke 21 threaded hole to prevent further pivoting. In a similar manner, housing 22 is positionally attached to yoke 21 via sleeve 32 and member 34 in a manner that does not prevent housing 22 from pivoting through pivot axis 26 (which extends transversely through housing 22). between the arms. The sleeve 32 has flat outer lateral sides that fit into side openings with flat sides in the wall of the housing 22 ; thus, the sleeve 32 rotates with the housing 22 . Independent pivoting of the housing 22 is defined by the length of the arcuate hole in the yoke 21 (see left side of FIG. 3A ); threaded fastener 101 is tightened to the housing through the arcuate hole of the yoke 21 22 to clamp the housing 22 in its rotational position. In this example, housing 22 is allowed to rotate 0-45°, although this is by way of example and not limitation.
图4A-C中示意性示出了外罩24和壳体22的独立枢转以实现独立的光导向和光再导向步骤；为了清晰起见，图4A-C示出了沿图2E的切线A-A截取的模块化装置12。图4A示出了第一状态，其中从外罩24中的各LED27投射出的光的组合形成了大致以与壳体22的主轴线33重合的主轴线31为中心的光束，所述两个主轴线都垂直于枢轴线25。假设遮罩23的总长度为几英寸的量级并且自轴线33的偏置角为几度的量级，则该第一状态中的遮断角度为6°的量级；如本文中所描述的，遮断角度定义为主轴线31与遮罩23之间的角度。外罩24围绕枢轴线26的枢转引起了主轴线31的旋转(参见图4B)；这结果增加了遮断角度(例如，达到大约35°)并且增加了组合光束横跨目标区域的运动(即，光导向)。壳体22围绕枢轴线26的枢转引起了主轴线33的旋转(参见图4C)；这引起了从LED27投射出的光的遮断和再导向并且改变了目标区域处的光束图案的形状(即，光再导向)。外罩24和壳体22两者围绕同一点的枢转方面是如此的，即，使灯具的尺寸保持紧凑并且EPA保持较低而与遮断角度或者光被导向或再导向的角度无关。此外，反射遮罩23的使用允许在不损失效率的情况下提供有差别的遮断(因为光被反射而不是被吸收)。Independent pivoting of housing 24 and housing 22 to achieve independent light directing and light redirecting steps are schematically shown in FIGS. 4A-C; Modular device 12. FIG. 4A shows a first state in which the combination of light projected from the individual LEDs 27 in the housing 24 forms a light beam approximately centered on a major axis 31 that coincides with a major axis 33 of the housing 22, the two major axes The lines are all perpendicular to the pivot axis 25. Assuming the overall length of the mask 23 is of the order of a few inches and the offset angle from the axis 33 is of the order of a few degrees, the angle of occlusion in this first state is of the order of 6°; as described herein , the occlusion angle is defined as the angle between the main axis 31 and the mask 23 . Pivoting of housing 24 about pivot axis 26 causes rotation of primary axis 31 (see FIG. 4B ); this results in increased occlusion angle (e.g., to about 35°) and increased movement of the combined beam across the target area (i.e., light guide). Pivoting of housing 22 about pivot axis 26 causes rotation of main axis 33 (see FIG. 4C ); this causes interruption and redirection of light projected from LED 27 and changes the shape of the beam pattern at the target area (i.e. , light redirection). The pivoting aspect of both the housing 24 and the housing 22 about the same point is such that the size of the luminaire remains compact and the EPA remains low regardless of the angle of interruption or the angle at which light is directed or redirected. Furthermore, the use of a reflective mask 23 allows differential shading to be provided without loss of efficiency (since light is reflected rather than absorbed).
可以通过围绕轭状件21至所设想的照明灯具10的连接点枢转轭状件21(参见图5A-5D)来进一步围绕第二轴线25(参见图2E)调整外罩24和壳体22两者；所述连接点和从该处附连模块化装置的器件可能与作为参考结合于本文中的美国专利申请号12/910,443中所描述的相同。在该实施例中，灯具10包括居中安装的管状部分11，该管状部分11滑动装配在杆6或者其他高架结构上；结构部件13有助于使灯具10稳定并在杆6上定中心。为了确保适合室外使用，来自LED27的电线可以在外罩24外被铺设到套筒32中，沿轭状件21外部中的沟道(参见图3A)，铺设到轭状件21的内部并且通过轭状件21中的顶部中心孔向上铺设到灯具10内(参见图3B)；保护罩20协助将电线相对于环境影响屏蔽。然后，来自各模块化装置的电线被沿着臂14、管状部分11和杆6的内部铺设—臂14、管状部分11和杆6全部为大致中空的—直到终止于电气外罩1处。以类似方式，来自LED27的热量通过外罩24、壳体22、轭状件21和臂14被耗散掉—外罩24、壳体22、轭状件21和臂14全都是导热的(例如，为铝或者铝合金结构)。模块化装置12的设计方面是如此的，即，将电线相对于环境影响屏蔽并且与瞄准和遮断无关地维持热耗散路径；虽然模块化装置12的其他设计是可能的并且被预想到。如果希望为LED27提供进一步的相当大的热沉—如众所周知的，LED的效能和寿命因增加接合部温度(junction temperature)而受到不利的影响—灯具10可能是空气或者液体主动冷却的；主动冷却灯具10的方法可能如作为参考结合于本文中的美国临时专利申请号61/645,870中所描述的那样。Both housing 24 and housing 22 can be further adjusted about a second axis 25 (see FIG. 2E ) by pivoting the yoke 21 (see FIGS. 5A-5D ) about the connection point of the yoke 21 to the contemplated light fixture 10 . or; the connection points and means for attaching the modular unit therefrom may be the same as described in US Patent Application No. 12/910,443, incorporated herein by reference. In this embodiment, luminaire 10 includes a centrally mounted tubular portion 11 that is slide-fitted on pole 6 or other elevated structure; To ensure suitability for outdoor use, wires from the LED 27 can be routed outside the housing 24 into the sleeve 32, along a channel in the exterior of the yoke 21 (see FIG. 3A ), into the interior of the yoke 21 and through the yoke. The top center hole in the shape 21 runs up into the light fixture 10 (see FIG. 3B ); the protective cover 20 assists in shielding the wires from environmental influences. The wires from each modular arrangement are then routed along the interior of the arm 14 , tubular portion 11 and rod 6 —all substantially hollow—until terminating at the electrical enclosure 1 . In a similar manner, heat from the LEDs 27 is dissipated through the housing 24, housing 22, yoke 21 and arm 14—the housing 24, housing 22, yoke 21 and arm 14 are all thermally conductive (e.g., for aluminum or aluminum alloy construction). Aspects of the design of the modular device 12 are such that the wires are shielded from environmental influences and a heat dissipation path is maintained independent of targeting and interdiction; although other designs of the modular device 12 are possible and envisioned. If it is desired to provide a further substantial heat sink for the LEDs 27—as is well known, the efficacy and lifetime of LEDs are adversely affected by increased junction temperatures—the luminaire 10 may be air or liquid actively cooled; active cooling The approach to luminaire 10 may be as described in US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/645,870, which is incorporated herein by reference.
如果需要，可以设置第三枢轴线；这在应对特殊应用的照明需求和校正投射光束的不希望有的拉长或定位中允许更大的灵活性，所述不希望有的拉长或定位可能由围绕轴线25和26的枢转所引起。再次考虑通过一个或多个灯具10来照明场地5(参见图6A)；在该实例中，假定投射光束7有点宽和浅(例如，30°×10°)并且用来照亮场地5的上部最右边角落(也以阴影线示出了光束7的期望部分)。按45°的量级围绕枢轴线25枢转模块化装置12朝向所期望的角落移动光束7(参见图6B)，而结果转动光束图案(例如，相对于露天看台515)，从而没有充分地照亮区域580。以20°的量级围绕枢轴线26枢转壳体22和/或外罩24拉长了图案7(参见图6C)并且充分地照亮了目标区域5的所期望的角落，而结果溢出了灯光510。以20°的量级围绕第三枢轴线转动实质上改变了光束图案7的形状—与如图6B中仅转动光束图案或者如图6C中改变光束图案的尺寸相比—并且以较小的灯光溢出产生了充分照亮目标区域5的所期望的角落的光束图案(参见图6D)。也就是说，围绕轴线25和26的额外枢转可能在场地5上投放更多光并且进一步减少了溢出光。If desired, a third pivot axis can be provided; this allows greater flexibility in addressing the lighting needs of a particular application and correcting for undesired elongation or positioning of the projected beam that may Caused by pivoting about axes 25 and 26 . Consider again that the field 5 is illuminated by one or more luminaires 10 (see FIG. 6A ); The rightmost corner (the desired part of the beam 7 is also shown hatched). Pivoting the modular device 12 about the pivot axis 25 on the order of 45° moves the light beam 7 (see FIG. 6B ) towards the desired corner, and as a result turns the beam pattern (e.g., relative to the bleachers 515) so as not to adequately illuminate the beam pattern. Bright area 580. Pivoting the housing 22 and/or housing 24 about the pivot axis 26 on the order of 20° elongates the pattern 7 (see FIG. 6C ) and adequately illuminates the desired corner of the target area 5 with consequent overflow of light. 510. Rotating about the third pivot axis on the order of 20° substantially changes the shape of the beam pattern 7—compared to just rotating the beam pattern as in FIG. 6B or changing the size of the beam pattern as in FIG. The spillover produces a beam pattern that sufficiently illuminates the desired corners of the target area 5 (see FIG. 6D ). That is, additional pivoting about axes 25 and 26 may throw more light on field 5 and further reduce spill light.
作为设想，可以通过改进模块化装置12的光学部件或者结构部件来实现围绕第三轴的枢转，虽然任一途径都具有其自身的优点和考虑。例如，通过改进光学部件来围绕第三轴线枢转可能简单如转动透镜28或者向透镜28应用过滤器或者扩散器，但是必须考虑到所使用的透镜的种类—转动透镜将仅略微改变光束图案，如果透镜是椭圆形的或者关于轴线是不对称的—并且通过给透镜28增加材料而招致对透射效率的任何损失。通过改进模块化装置的结构部件而围绕第三轴线枢转(参见图7A和7B)可能不会限制透镜种类的选择并且还可能允许遮罩23枢转(假设这是优选的，其可能不能枢转)，但是可能增加了灯具10的重量和成本。参见图7A和7B，枢轴接合部120包括模块化装置安装部分121和灯具安装部分122，所述每个部分具有相关联的螺纹紧固件101，并且如果需要，具有螺母102。在任一情况下—改进光学器件或者结构部件—提供了围绕第三枢轴线35的旋转，并且以不会损害围绕轴线25和26枢转且不会显著地影响灯具10的尺寸或者EPA的方式旋转。It is contemplated that pivoting about the third axis could be achieved by modifying the optical or structural components of the modular assembly 12, although either approach has its own advantages and considerations. For example, pivoting around the third axis by modifying the optics may be as simple as turning the lens 28 or applying a filter or diffuser to the lens 28, but one must consider the kind of lens used - turning the lens will only change the beam pattern slightly, If the lens is elliptical or asymmetrical about the axis - and by adding material to the lens 28 any loss in transmission efficiency is incurred. Pivoting around a third axis by modifying the structural components of the modular device (see FIGS. 7A and 7B ) may not limit the choice of lens types and may also allow pivoting of the shield 23 (assuming this is preferred, it may not turn), but may increase the weight and cost of the light fixture 10. Referring to Figures 7A and 7B, the pivot joint 120 includes a modular device mounting portion 121 and a light fixture mounting portion 122, each having an associated threaded fastener 101 and, if desired, a nut 102. In either case—improving optics or structural components—provides rotation about third pivot axis 35, and in a manner that does not compromise pivoting about axes 25 and 26 and does not significantly affect the size or EPA of luminaire 10. .
根据方法2000，可以围绕一个、两个或者三个轴线来调整应用多个如图5A-5D中所示的模块化装置12的灯具10以解决特殊应用的照明需求(参见图8)，虽然其他方法是可能的并且预想到的。根据方法2000，第一步2001是确定应用的照明方案；具体地说，指明任何限制因素(例如，总照明均匀性、最小的亮级、所需的内缩、目标区域的大小和形状等)和所期望的特征(例如，每个灯具的模块化装置的数量、LED的颜色温度等)并且研发合适的照明方案(也被称为照明设计方案或者瞄准简图)。然后，照明方案可以被分解成单独的光束图案，每个光束图案可以被分配给一个或多个模块化装置12。下一步2002是根据照明方案将灯具安装到指明的目标区域中和/或周围。灯具10的优点是如此的，即，因为其被居中安装—注意，图5A-5D中的管状部分11的位置—模块化装置12几乎可以瞄准任何方向并且可以避免杆6的遮蔽作用；当决定相对于目标区域将灯具放置到何处时，这可能是有益的。According to the method 2000, a luminaire 10 employing multiple modular devices 12 as shown in FIGS. Methods are possible and contemplated. According to method 2000, the first step 2001 is to determine the lighting scheme for the application; specifically, specify any limiting factors (e.g., overall lighting uniformity, minimum brightness level, setback required, size and shape of the target area, etc.) and desired characteristics (eg, number of modular units per luminaire, color temperature of LEDs, etc.) and develop a suitable lighting scheme (also known as a lighting design scheme or aiming scheme). The lighting scheme can then be broken down into individual beam patterns, each of which can be assigned to one or more modular devices 12 . The next step 2002 is to install light fixtures in and/or around the designated target area according to the lighting scheme. The advantage of the luminaire 10 is that, because it is mounted centrally - note the position of the tubular part 11 in Figs. This can be beneficial when it comes to where to place light fixtures relative to the target area.
下一步2003是瞄准所安装的照明灯具，从而瞄准给定照明灯具中的每个模块化装置12来产生分配给其的单独的光束图案。实际上，步骤2003可能包括围绕杆6转动灯具10和/或围绕一个或多个枢轴线25/26/35来枢转各个模块化装置12的一个或多个部件。如果需要，可以利用现有技术中公知的度数标记或者其他标记来标出模块化装置12的部分，以便灯光设计师或者其他用户能够更精确地设置瞄准角。最后步骤2004是评估照明方案和灯具10的能力以满足照明方案。经常，灯光设计师发现未考虑到的某些事情(例如，阻挡来自灯具的光的树木)或者客户可能认为照明方案是不适当的(例如，灯光的外形太刺目或者太柔和)；在这种状况中，可能必须调整灯具的一个或多个特征(参见可选步骤2005)。实际上，可选步骤2005可能包括给一个或多个模块化装置12增加光学部件28、改变灯具10的一个或多个部件的枢转角度(即，改变瞄准角)、改变遮罩23的形状和/或大小、给灯具10增加模块化装置12、调整LED27的工作功率以产生更多或更少的光、改变模块化装置12中的光源的数量和种类等。The next step 2003 is to target the installed lighting fixtures so that each modular device 12 in a given lighting fixture is targeted to produce an individual beam pattern assigned to it. In practice, step 2003 may comprise turning the luminaire 10 about the rod 6 and/or pivoting one or more components of the respective modular arrangement 12 about one or more pivot axes 25/26/35. If desired, portions of the modular assembly 12 may be marked with degree markings or other markings known in the art to allow a lighting designer or other user to more precisely set aiming angles. The final step 2004 is to evaluate the lighting scheme and the capability of the luminaire 10 to meet the lighting scheme. Often, the lighting designer finds something that was not considered (for example, trees blocking the light from the luminaire) or the client may think the lighting scheme is inappropriate (for example, the shape of the light is too harsh or too soft); In some cases, it may be necessary to adjust one or more characteristics of the luminaire (see optional step 2005). In practice, optional step 2005 may include adding optical components 28 to one or more of the modular fixtures 12, changing the pivot angle of one or more components of the luminaire 10 (i.e. changing the aiming angle), changing the shape of the shroud 23 And/or size, add modular device 12 to lamp 10, adjust the operating power of LED27 to produce more or less light, change the number and type of light sources in modular device 12, etc.
C.选项和备选方案C. Options and Alternatives
本发明可能采取很多形式和实施例。前述实例只是其中的几个。为了给出一些选项和备选方案的一些观念，以下给出了几个实例。The invention may take many forms and embodiments. The foregoing examples are just a few. To give some idea of some of the options and alternatives, a few examples are given below.
已经论述了将一个部件附连到另一部件上的不同器具和方法；就螺纹紧固件而言是最常见的。应当指出这种设备不限于螺栓或螺钉，而是应当认为包括各种接合部件的方法(例如，胶粘、焊接、夹紧等)。还论述了模块化装置的组合；本文中称为灯具。应当指出，术语“灯具”经常可利用“照明设备”来替换，并且两个术语都不对未在这里明确指出的有任何限制。Different implements and methods of attaching one component to another have been discussed; threaded fasteners are the most common. It should be noted that such devices are not limited to bolts or screws, but should be considered to include various methods of joining components (eg, gluing, welding, clamping, etc.). Combinations of modular devices are also discussed; referred to herein as luminaires. It should be noted that the term "luminaire" can often be substituted with "lighting device" and neither term has any limitations not expressly stated herein.
作为设想，灯具10和模块化装置12两者的大部分部件是由铝或者铝合金经机械加工、冲压、模压或者以其他方式形成的。如所陈述的，这提供了从LED27散热的明显且连续的热通路。然而，所述部件有可能是由其他材料形成的并且不脱离本文中所述的发明方面，甚至没有实现热耗散的优点。同样，杆6、灯具10和模块化装置12中的大部分部件形成有内部通道，从而可以在不使电线暴露于湿气或者其他不利影响的情况下使电线从LED27延伸至杆6的底部。然而，所述部件有可能未形成内部通道并且不脱离本文中所述的发明方面；例如，室内照明应用可能不需要对电线进行外界影响防护。It is contemplated that most of the components of both light fixture 10 and modular unit 12 are machined, stamped, molded, or otherwise formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. As stated, this provides a distinct and continuous thermal path for heat dissipation from LED 27 . However, it is possible for the components to be formed from other materials without departing from the inventive aspects described herein, even without realizing the benefits of heat dissipation. Likewise, most of the components in pole 6, light fixture 10, and modular unit 12 are formed with internal passages to allow wires to run from LED 27 to the bottom of pole 6 without exposing the wires to moisture or other adverse effects. It is possible, however, that the components do not form internal passages and without departing from the inventive aspects described herein; for example, interior lighting applications may not require protection of wires from external influences.
关于模块化装置12，已经给出了用于光导向和光再导向的设备的几个实例；这是举例方式并且是非限制性的方式。虽然任何这些设备(例如，透镜、散射器、反射器、遮罩等)可以被单独或者组合地用于特殊应用，但是注意到，模块化装置12不限于所述部件、设计或者安装方法的任何具体组合，并且如果适合建造期望的照明方案，可以包括未描述的辅助设备。例如，如果目标区域包括运动场上方的有限空间，则可以倒转地安装某些数量的模块化装置12以提供向上的照明，或者部件21和34中的弧形孔可以被延长以允许更大的枢转角度。作为另一实例，如果灯光设计师发现合成光束图案的水平扩散是不能接受的，则可以使用新的透镜或者可以围绕枢轴线35转动现有的透镜(假设是非对称式透镜)，而且另一解决方案可能在遮罩23的周边上安装导轨(反射的或不反射的)或者改进遮罩23以减少水平扩散。备选是，一个或多个光源27可能各包括单独的反射器3000(参见图9)，该反射器3000部分地包围所述光源中的每个；作为设想，至少部分地包围光源27的表面是反射的，虽然这是举例且非限制性的方式。利用该备选方案，必须扩大外罩24的内腔以在反射器3000的远端与外部透镜29之间提供充分的间隙；这能限制外罩24可枢转的度数。可以将单独的反射器3000胶粘、螺接或者以其他方式附连到光源27的电路板上；备选是，可以通过如上述美国专利申请号12/751,519(于2013年5月28日授权，美国专利号为8,449,144)中所描述的保持架或者压缩保持来定位地附连单独的反射器3000。With regard to the modular arrangement 12, several examples of devices for light directing and light redirection have been given; this is by way of example and not by way of limitation. While any of these devices (e.g., lenses, diffusers, reflectors, shades, etc.) may be used alone or in combination for a particular application, note that modular unit 12 is not limited to any of the described components, designs, or methods of mounting. The particular combination, and if appropriate to construct the desired lighting scheme, may include auxiliary equipment not described. For example, if the target area includes a limited space above a playing field, some number of modular units 12 could be mounted upside down to provide upward lighting, or the curved holes in parts 21 and 34 could be extended to allow for a larger pivot. turn angle. As another example, if the lighting designer finds that the horizontal spread of the resulting beam pattern is unacceptable, a new lens can be used or an existing lens (assuming an asymmetric lens) can be rotated about pivot axis 35, and another solution Solutions may be to install rails (reflective or non-reflective) on the perimeter of the mask 23 or to modify the mask 23 to reduce horizontal spread. Alternatively, one or more light sources 27 may each comprise a separate reflector 3000 (see FIG. 9 ) which partially surrounds each of said light sources; is reflective, although this is by way of example and not limitation. With this alternative, the lumen of housing 24 must be enlarged to provide sufficient clearance between the distal end of reflector 3000 and outer lens 29; this can limit the degree to which housing 24 can pivot. A separate reflector 3000 can be glued, screwed, or otherwise attached to the circuit board of the light source 27; , US Pat. No. 8,449,144) to positionally attach individual reflectors 3000 using a retainer or compression retainer as described.
关于包括一个或多个灯具10的照明系统，可以远离灯具10设置功率调整部件(例如，驱动器、控制器等)，并且可以将其设置在附连到如图5A和5B中所示的并在作为参考结合于本文中的美国专利号7,059,572中所描述的高架设备上的电气外罩1中，或者可以将其设置在灯具10的某个地方。此外，可以如作为参考结合于本文中的美国专利号7,209,958中所描述的现场或者远距离地执行对容纳在灯具10中的光源27的功率的控制。可以采取各种途径来给结合有模块化装置12的照明系统提供电力，而不脱离本文中所描述的发明方面。With regard to lighting systems comprising one or more luminaires 10, power regulation components (e.g., drivers, controllers, etc.) Incorporated by reference herein in the electrical enclosure 1 on overhead equipment described in US Pat. No. 7,059,572, or it may be provided somewhere in the light fixture 10 . Furthermore, control of the power of the light source 27 housed in the light fixture 10 may be performed on-site or remotely as described in US Patent No. 7,209,958, incorporated herein by reference. Various approaches may be taken to power a lighting system incorporating modular apparatus 12 without departing from the inventive aspects described herein.
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|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
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