技术领域technical field
本发明涉及触控技术领域，特别涉及电容和电磁双模触控系统。The invention relates to the field of touch technology, in particular to a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system.
背景技术Background technique
触控技术在很多产品中作为输入控制使用。随着智能手机，平板电脑的普及，触控技术的应用更加广泛。这些设备因为便携性，设备尺寸的限制等等通常不会有外置的键盘鼠标等输入设备。触控输入作为一种自然方便的输入方法具有强大的吸引力。触控输入技术也有多种分类，其中电磁触控笔输入是一个重要的应用。利用电磁触控笔，用户可以在设备上直接进行手写输入，还可以模拟鼠标操作等。与平时使用的用手指直接触控的电容屏或电阻屏不同，电磁触控笔输入是靠电磁笔书写过程中和面板下方的感应器产生的耦合信号变化来识别滑动，一般电磁屏幕不但具有位置检测，同时还具有纵向感应，也就是所说的压感，所以电磁屏幕特别适合手写以及绘画。通常电磁屏需要用电磁笔才能进行触摸操控，不可以用手指直接触控。Touch technology is used as an input control in many products. With the popularization of smart phones and tablet computers, the application of touch technology is more extensive. These devices usually do not have external input devices such as keyboards and mice because of portability, device size limitations, and the like. Touch input has strong appeal as a natural and convenient input method. There are also various classifications of touch input technologies, among which electromagnetic stylus input is an important application. Using the electromagnetic stylus, users can directly perform handwriting input on the device, and can also simulate mouse operations, etc. Different from the capacitive screen or resistive screen that is directly touched by fingers, the input of the electromagnetic stylus is based on the change of the coupling signal generated by the electromagnetic pen during the writing process and the sensor below the panel to identify the sliding. The general electromagnetic screen not only has a position At the same time, it also has longitudinal induction, which is the so-called pressure sensitivity, so the electromagnetic screen is especially suitable for handwriting and drawing. Usually, the electromagnetic screen requires an electromagnetic pen to perform touch control, and direct touch with fingers is not allowed.
如图1所示，在智能手机，平板电脑，手写板等设备中，植入了专门用于接收电磁信号的天线阵列。在使用时，触控笔发出某种形式的电磁信号，在触控面板接收端，通过检测这些天线上的接收信号，可以判读触控笔的位置等信息，达到书写的效果。As shown in Figure 1, in devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and tablet computers, antenna arrays dedicated to receiving electromagnetic signals are implanted. When in use, the stylus sends out some form of electromagnetic signal. At the receiving end of the touch panel, by detecting the received signals on these antennas, information such as the position of the stylus can be interpreted to achieve the effect of writing.
随着智能手机和平板电脑等设备的普及，用户对于输入的方便简捷性能要求也更高。不但要求在同一个屏幕上可以进行电磁笔触控输入，同时还要求可以进行手指直接触控输入。目前的采用方案通常是在一个显示屏幕上或下面分别叠加一重用于检测手指直接触控输入的触控传感器和一重用于检测电磁笔触控输入的天线。但是由于这种多层叠加，屏幕模组的整体厚度会增加，同时生产成本也大大增加。With the popularity of devices such as smart phones and tablet computers, users have higher requirements for convenient and simple input. Not only is it required to be able to perform electromagnetic pen touch input on the same screen, but it is also required to be able to perform direct finger touch input. The current solution is usually to superimpose a touch sensor for detecting direct finger touch input and an antenna for detecting electromagnetic pen touch input respectively on or below a display screen. However, due to this multi-layer superposition, the overall thickness of the screen module will increase, and at the same time, the production cost will also greatly increase.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种电容和电磁双模触控系统，使得电磁触控和手指电容触控复用一层触控感应传感器或天线，减小屏幕模组的整体厚度，同时也降低了生产成本。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system, so that electromagnetic touch and finger capacitive touch can reuse a layer of touch sensor or antenna, reduce the overall thickness of the screen module, and also reduce the Cost of production.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的实施方式提供了一种电容和电磁双模触控系统，包含：触控屏面板、传感器和天线复用阵列、切换开关阵列；In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system, including: a touch screen panel, a multiplexing array of sensors and antennas, and a switch array;
所述传感器和天线复用阵列位于所述触控屏面板的触摸区域内，包含横排导线和竖排导线；The multiplexing array of sensors and antennas is located in the touch area of the touch screen panel, including horizontal wires and vertical wires;
当所述电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电容触控系统使用时，所述切换开关阵列的所有开关处于断开状态；所述横排导线和所述竖排导线为电容屏的传感器，每一根都单独使用；When the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as a capacitive touch system, all the switches of the switch array are in the off state; the horizontal wires and the vertical wires are sensors of the capacitive screen, each One is used alone;
当所述电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时，所述切换开关阵列的部分开关处于关闭状态，将所述横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组的一端连接起来，形成天线回路。When the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as an electromagnetic touch system, some switches of the switching switch array are in the off state, and one end of two or more groups of the horizontal or vertical wires Connect them to form an antenna loop.
本发明实施方式相对于现有技术而言，将包含了横排导线和竖排导线的传感器和天线复用阵列布设在触控屏面板的触摸区域内，采用切换开关阵列实现电容和电磁双模触控系统。当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电容触控系统使用时，切换开关阵列的所有开关处于断开状态；横排导线和竖排导线为电容屏的传感器，每一根都单独使用；当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时，切换开关阵列的部分开关处于关闭状态，将横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组的一端连接起来，形成天线回路。通过对横排导线或竖排导线进行动态配置和连接，实现电容触控传感器和电磁触控天线的复用，从而减小屏幕模组的整体厚度，同时也降低了生产成本。Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention arranges the sensor and antenna multiplexing array including the horizontal and vertical wires in the touch area of the touch screen panel, and uses the switching switch array to realize the capacitance and electromagnetic dual mode touch system. When the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as a capacitive touch system, all the switches of the switch array are in the off state; When the electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as an electromagnetic touch system, some switches of the switch array are turned off, and two or more groups of horizontal or vertical wires are connected to form an antenna loop. By dynamically configuring and connecting horizontal or vertical wires, the multiplexing of capacitive touch sensors and electromagnetic touch antennas is realized, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the screen module and reducing production costs.
另外，所述电容和电磁双模触控系统还包含：电磁屏主芯片；所述电磁屏主芯片依次扫描两根横排导线或两根竖排导线连接起来形成的天线回路，读取所述形成回路的天线上的感应信号；In addition, the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system also includes: an electromagnetic screen main chip; the electromagnetic screen main chip sequentially scans the antenna loop formed by connecting two horizontal wires or two vertical wires, and reads the An induced signal on an antenna forming a loop;
每一次扫描时，所述电磁屏主芯片指定欲连接的横排导线或竖排导线，并发送控制信号给所述切换开关阵列；所述切换开关阵列根据接收到的控制信号，将所述指定的横排导线或竖排导线连接起来；During each scan, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen designates the horizontal wires or vertical wires to be connected, and sends a control signal to the switch array; The horizontal wires or vertical wires are connected;
其中，所述指定的横排导线或竖排导线包含横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组。Wherein, the specified horizontal wires or vertical wires include two or more groups of horizontal wires or vertical wires.
通过单颗芯片做电磁信号扫描，控制切换开关阵列进行天线回路的连接，可以实现电磁触控和电容触控共用一组触控传感器的触控模组。Scan the electromagnetic signal through a single chip, control the switch array to connect the antenna loop, and realize a touch module in which electromagnetic touch and capacitive touch share a set of touch sensors.
另外，所述电容和电磁双模触控系统还包含：电磁屏主芯片和电磁屏从芯片；In addition, the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system also includes: an electromagnetic screen master chip and an electromagnetic screen slave chip;
所述电磁屏主芯片具有主同步切换模块，所述电磁屏从芯片具有从同步切换模块，所述主同步切换模块和所述从同步切换模块进行通信；The main chip of the electromagnetic screen has a master synchronous switching module, and the electromagnetic screen slave chip has a slave synchronous switching module, and the main synchronous switching module communicates with the slave synchronous switching module;
所述主同步切换模块将指定横排导线或竖排导线的数据，发送给所述从同步切换模块；所述电磁屏从芯片根据接收到的数据，控制所述切换开关阵列将指定的横排导线或竖排导线连接起来，形成天线回路；所述电磁屏主芯片读取所述形成回路的天线上的感应信号；The master synchronous switching module sends the data of the designated horizontal or vertical conductors to the slave synchronous switching module; the electromagnetic screen slave chip controls the switch array to specify the horizontal row according to the received data. Wires or vertical wires are connected to form an antenna loop; the main chip of the electromagnetic screen reads the induction signal on the antenna forming the loop;
其中，所述指定横排导线或竖排导线包含横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组。Wherein, the specified horizontal wires or vertical wires include two or more groups of horizontal wires or vertical wires.
通过两个电磁屏芯片实现同步切换天线，使得电磁屏主芯片可以在从芯片的配合下扫描所有线圈的感应电动势的值，从而准确地判断手写笔的笔尖所在的位置，利用这种技术，可以实现电磁触控和电容触控共用一组触控传感器的触控模组。Through two electromagnetic screen chips, the antenna is switched synchronously, so that the main chip of the electromagnetic screen can scan the induced electromotive force values of all coils with the cooperation of the slave chip, so as to accurately determine the position of the pen tip of the stylus. Using this technology, you can A touch module that realizes electromagnetic touch and capacitive touch sharing a set of touch sensors.
另外，所述主同步切换模块和所述从同步切换模块通过一根数据传输线进行数据传送；In addition, the master synchronous switching module and the slave synchronous switching module perform data transmission through a data transmission line;
当所述电磁屏主芯片没有传送数据给所述电磁屏从芯片时，所述数据传输线处于低电平状态；When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen does not transmit data to the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen, the data transmission line is in a low level state;
当所述电磁屏主芯片传送数据给所述电磁屏从芯片时，采用预设的数据传输协议进行数据传送；其中，所述预设的数据传输协议包含：When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen transmits data to the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen, a preset data transmission protocol is used for data transmission; wherein, the preset data transmission protocol includes:
（1）一个单位时间包含N个系统时钟周期；所述N的取值通过系统总线配置；(1) A unit of time includes N system clock cycles; the value of N is configured through the system bus;
（2）所述电磁屏主芯片在发送数据帧时，依次发送起始位、数据帧长度标志和有效数据帧；其中，所述起始位为若干个单位时间的高电平；(2) When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen sends a data frame, it sends a start bit, a data frame length flag and a valid data frame in sequence; wherein, the start bit is a high level of several unit times;
（3）第一有效数据比特由L个单位时间低电平和H个单位时间高电平组成，第二有效数据比特由H个单位时间低电平和L个单位时间高电平时间组成，且有效数据总是先发送低电平，再发送高电平；其中，所述L和所述H为预设值。(3) The first valid data bit consists of L low levels per unit time and H high levels per unit time, and the second valid data bit consists of H low levels per unit time and L high level times per unit time, and is valid Data is always sent at a low level first, and then at a high level; wherein, the L and the H are preset values.
通过一根数据传输线进行数据传送，可以使得电磁屏主芯片和电磁屏从芯片的电路连接简单；通过数据传输协议进行数据传送，可以使得电磁屏主芯片和电磁屏从芯片之间能进行可靠而高效的数据传送。Data transmission through a data transmission line can make the circuit connection between the main chip of the electromagnetic screen and the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen simple; the data transmission through the data transmission protocol can make reliable and reliable communication between the main chip of the electromagnetic screen and the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen. Efficient data transfer.
另外，所述从同步切换模块包含：比特检测计数器；In addition, the synchronous switching module includes: a bit detection counter;
在所述数据传输线为低电平时，所述比特检测计数器的计数值在下一系统时钟周期减1；当所述数据传输线为高电平时，所述计数值在下一系统时钟周期加1；每次数据传输线上电平发生下降沿跳变时，所述计数值清零；When the data transmission line is low level, the count value of the bit detection counter is decremented by 1 in the next system clock cycle; when the data transmission line is high level, the count value is increased by 1 in the next system clock cycle; each time When a falling edge transition occurs on the data transmission line, the count value is cleared;
在所述数据传输线的起始位下降沿跳变除外的每次下降沿跳变前，所述电磁屏从芯片检测所述比特检测计数器的最高比特位；如果所述比特检测计数器的最高比特位为1，则说明有效数据比特的低电平持续时间大于高电平持续时间，判定所述有效数据比特为1；如果所述比特检测计数器的最高比特位为0，则说明有效数据比特的低电平持续时间小于高电平持续时间，判定所述有效数据比特位为0。Before each falling edge jump except the start bit falling edge jump of the data transmission line, the electromagnetic screen slave chip detects the highest bit of the bit detection counter; if the highest bit of the bit detection counter If it is 1, it means that the low-level duration of the effective data bit is longer than the high-level duration, and it is determined that the effective data bit is 1; if the highest bit of the bit detection counter is 0, it indicates that the low level of the effective data bit If the level duration is less than the high level duration, it is determined that the valid data bit is 0.
采用计数器进行有效数据比特位的检测，通过简单的数据检测方式，可以提高数据传送效率。The counter is used to detect valid data bits, and the data transmission efficiency can be improved through a simple data detection method.
另外，所述从同步切换模块包含：错误检测和恢复模块；In addition, the said slave synchronous switching module includes: an error detection and recovery module;
所述错误检测和恢复模块在检测到非空闲状态中，所述电磁屏从芯片接收的数据中有超过预设个数的低电平时，则判定所述电磁屏从芯片接收错误；When the error detection and recovery module detects that in the non-idle state, the data received by the electromagnetic screen from the chip has a low level exceeding a preset number, it determines that the electromagnetic screen receives an error from the chip;
其中，所述低电平的预设个数是可配置的；Wherein, the preset number of low levels is configurable;
所述错误检测和恢复模块在所述电磁屏从芯片允许所述从同步切换模块检测接收错误中断的情况下，所述错误检测和恢复模块检测到接收错误时，产生中断报告给所述电磁屏从芯片；所述电磁屏从芯片一接收到所述中断报告，立即自动进入空闲状态，重新开始接收下一帧数据。The error detection and recovery module generates an interrupt report to the electromagnetic screen when the error detection and recovery module detects a reception error when the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen allows the slave synchronous switching module to detect a reception error interrupt Slave chip: once the electromagnetic screen receives the interrupt report from the chip, it automatically enters the idle state immediately, and restarts to receive the next frame of data.
通过错误检测和恢复模块，从同步切换模块可及时发现从机接收数据过程中的错误，提高数据传送效率。Through the error detection and recovery module, the slave synchronous switching module can detect errors in the process of receiving data from the slave in time, and improve the efficiency of data transmission.
另外，所述主同步切换模块和所述从同步切换模块分别包含：同步切换计数器；In addition, the master synchronous switching module and the slave synchronous switching module respectively include: a synchronous switching counter;
所述同步切换计数器通过系统总线配置一个预设值；当所述电磁屏主芯片发送完起始位，或者所述电磁屏从芯片接收完起始位时，所述同步切换计数器的计数值清零；所述同步切换计数器的计数值总是在下一系统时钟周期加1，直到所述计数值等于预设值时，所述同步切换计数器产生一个中断报告给所述电磁屏主芯片或者所述电磁屏从芯片，所述电磁屏主芯片或者所述电磁屏从芯片同步切换天线。The synchronous switching counter is configured with a preset value through the system bus; when the main chip of the electromagnetic screen has sent the start bit, or the electromagnetic screen has received the starting bit from the chip, the count value of the synchronous switching counter is cleared Zero; the count value of the synchronous switching counter always adds 1 in the next system clock cycle, until the count value is equal to the preset value, the synchronous switching counter generates an interrupt report to the main chip of the electromagnetic screen or the The electromagnetic screen slave chip, the electromagnetic screen master chip or the electromagnetic screen slave chip synchronously switch antennas.
采用同步切换计数器，使得电磁屏主芯片无需等待电磁屏从芯片的反馈，即可实现电磁屏主芯片或者电磁屏从芯片的天线同步切换，提高系统工作效率。The synchronous switching counter is adopted, so that the main chip of the electromagnetic screen does not need to wait for the feedback from the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen, and the antenna of the main chip of the electromagnetic screen or the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen can be switched synchronously, and the working efficiency of the system is improved.
另外，所述主同步切换模块具有3种可配置的数据传送模式：第一传送模式、第二传送模式和第三传送模式；In addition, the master synchronous switching module has three configurable data transmission modes: the first transmission mode, the second transmission mode and the third transmission mode;
所述第一传送模式，只要所述电磁屏主芯片向所述主同步切换模块发送数据，所述主同步切换模块立即把数据发送给所述从同步切换模块；In the first transmission mode, as long as the electromagnetic screen master chip sends data to the master synchronous switching module, the master synchronous switching module immediately sends the data to the slave synchronous switching module;
所述第二传送模式，当数据帧开始的有效信号到来时，所述主同步切换模块立即将发送缓冲区保存的数据发送出去；其中，所述发送缓冲区位于所述主同步切换模块内；In the second transmission mode, when a valid signal for the start of a data frame arrives, the master synchronous switching module immediately sends out the data stored in the sending buffer; wherein, the sending buffer is located in the master synchronous switching module;
所述第三传送模式，当数据帧开始的有效信号到来时，只有在数据帧开始的有效信号到来前，所述电磁屏主芯片更新了所述主同步切换模块的发送缓冲区里的数据，所述主同步切换模块才将所述发送缓冲区里的数据发送出去，否则它不发送数据给所述从同步切换模块。In the third transmission mode, when the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame arrives, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen updates the data in the sending buffer of the main synchronous switching module only before the arrival of the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame, The master synchronous switching module sends out the data in the sending buffer, otherwise it does not send data to the slave synchronous switching module.
提供多种数据传送模式供主同步切换模块选择使用，提高数据传送的灵活性。A variety of data transmission modes are provided for the main synchronous switching module to choose and use, which improves the flexibility of data transmission.
另外，所述数据帧开始的有效信号具有2种可配置的模式：第一数据帧开始模式和第二数据帧开始模式；In addition, the effective signal of the start of the data frame has two configurable modes: the first data frame start mode and the second data frame start mode;
所述第一数据帧开始模式，直接以数据帧开始的输入信号作为数据帧开始的有效信号；The first data frame start mode directly uses the input signal of the start of the data frame as the effective signal of the start of the data frame;
所述第二数据帧开始模式，将数据帧开始的输入信号延迟一段时间后，作为数据帧开始的有效信号；其中，所述延迟时间的值通过系统总线配置。In the second data frame start mode, the input signal of the start of the data frame is delayed for a period of time as a valid signal of the start of the data frame; wherein, the value of the delay time is configured through the system bus.
提供多种数据帧开始的有效信号形式，进一步提高数据传送的灵活性。Provides multiple effective signal forms for the start of data frames to further improve the flexibility of data transmission.
另外，所述主同步切换模块或所述从同步切换模块具有3种中断请求类型：从同步切换模块检测接收错误产生中断请求，主同步切换模块的数据帧发送完成或从同步切换模块的数据帧接收完成时产生中断请求，主同步切换模块或从同步切换模块的同步切换计数器的计数值达到预设值时也会产生中断请求；In addition, the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module has three types of interrupt requests: the slave synchronous switching module detects and receives an error and generates an interrupt request, the data frame of the master synchronous switching module is sent completely or the data frame of the slave synchronous switching module An interrupt request is generated when the reception is completed, and an interrupt request is also generated when the count value of the synchronous switching counter of the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module reaches a preset value;
当所述3种中断请求允许被使能时，如果满足中断条件，所述主同步切换模块或所述从同步切换模块就会产生相应的中断，报告给所述电磁屏主芯片或所述电磁屏从芯片去处理；When the three kinds of interrupt requests are allowed to be enabled, if the interrupt condition is met, the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module will generate a corresponding interrupt and report to the electromagnetic screen master chip or the electromagnetic screen The screen is processed from the chip;
所述电磁屏主芯片或所述电磁屏从芯片向所述主同步切换模块或所述从同步切换模块的相应的中断标志位写入清除中断的标志，清除相应的中断。The main chip of the electromagnetic screen or the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen writes a clear interrupt flag to the corresponding interrupt flag bit of the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module, and clears the corresponding interrupt.
采用中断处理机制，提高电磁屏主芯片或电磁屏从芯片的并发处理能力。The interrupt processing mechanism is adopted to improve the concurrent processing capability of the main chip of the electromagnetic screen or the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是根据现有技术的电磁触控设备示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic touch device according to the prior art;
图2是根据本发明第一实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电容触控系统使用时的示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system used as a capacitive touch system according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
图3是根据本发明第一实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时的示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system used as an electromagnetic touch system according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
图4是根据本发明第一实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时的另一种示意图；4 is another schematic diagram of the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system used as an electromagnetic touch system according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
图5是根据本发明第二实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system used as an electromagnetic touch system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
图6是根据本发明第二实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统的同步切换天线模块的示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of a synchronously switched antenna module of a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
图7是根据本发明第二实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统的数据传送时序示意图；7 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission sequence of a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
图8是根据本发明第二实施方式的电容和电磁双模触控系统的数据传送状态转移示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of data transmission state transition of the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的各实施方式进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本发明各实施方式中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施方式的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请各权利要求所要求保护的技术方案。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that, in each implementation manner of the present invention, many technical details are provided for readers to better understand the present application. However, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following implementation modes, the technical solution claimed in each claim of the present application can be realized.
本发明的第一实施方式涉及一种电容和电磁双模触控系统。该系统包含：触控屏面板、传感器和天线复用阵列、切换开关阵列；其中，传感器和天线复用阵列位于触控屏面板的触摸区域内，包含横排导线和竖排导线。The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch control system. The system includes: a touch screen panel, a multiplexing array of sensors and antennas, and a switching switch array; wherein, the multiplexing array of sensors and antennas is located in the touch area of the touch screen panel and includes horizontal and vertical wires.
当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电容触控系统使用时，切换开关阵列的所有开关处于断开状态；横排导线和竖排导线为电容屏的传感器，每一根都单独使用。也就是说，为了达到电磁触控和手指电容触控的复用，在触控屏面板里面横竖都布满了传感器/天线，且横排天线和竖排天线不在一个平面上，横排和竖排的传感器都是平行的模式，可以是直线，也可以包含特殊的图案。当这个面板做电容屏使用时，只需要电容屏主芯片，如图2所示。这时候面板上的每根天线都是单独的，没有形成回路。横竖天线相交的位置形成互感电容，当人的手指在电容屏面板上滑动时，不同位置的电容值不同，电容屏主芯片就是根据各点电容值的变化情况来判断人手指的位置的。When the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as a capacitive touch system, all the switches of the switch array are in the off state; the horizontal wires and the vertical wires are sensors of the capacitive screen, each of which is used separately. That is to say, in order to achieve the multiplexing of electromagnetic touch and finger capacitive touch, the touch screen panel is covered with sensors/antennas horizontally and vertically, and the horizontal antennas and vertical antennas are not on the same plane. The rows of sensors are all parallel patterns, which can be straight lines or contain special patterns. When this panel is used as a capacitive screen, only the main chip of the capacitive screen is needed, as shown in Figure 2. At this time, each antenna on the panel is independent and does not form a loop. The position where the horizontal and vertical antennas intersect forms a mutual inductance capacitance. When a human finger slides on the capacitive screen panel, the capacitance values at different positions are different. The main chip of the capacitive screen judges the position of the human finger according to the change of the capacitance value of each point.
当面板做电磁屏使用时，为了接收电磁笔发射的信号，需要将横排平行天线或者竖排平行天线会一一连结起来，形成线圈回路。当线圈所在的磁场发生变化时，线圈上会产生感应信号。随着手写笔书写位置的改变，手写笔发出的电磁波信号产生的磁场也随之变化，使得各个线圈上产生的感应信号也发生变化。电磁屏的主芯片就是根据各个线圈的感应信号的变化来判断手写笔的书写位置的。具体地说，当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时，切换开关阵列的部分开关处于关闭状态，将横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组的一端连接起来，形成天线回路，如图3所示。通过单颗芯片做电磁信号扫描，控制切换开关阵列进行天线回路的连接，可以实现电磁触控和电容触控共用一组触控传感器的触控模组。When the panel is used as an electromagnetic screen, in order to receive the signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen, it is necessary to connect horizontal parallel antennas or vertical parallel antennas one by one to form a coil loop. When the magnetic field where the coil is located changes, an induction signal will be generated on the coil. As the writing position of the stylus changes, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the stylus also changes accordingly, so that the induction signals generated on each coil also change. The main chip of the electromagnetic screen judges the writing position of the stylus according to the change of the induction signal of each coil. Specifically, when the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as an electromagnetic touch system, some switches of the switch array are in the off state, and one end of two or more groups of horizontal or vertical wires is connected , forming an antenna loop, as shown in Figure 3. Scan the electromagnetic signal through a single chip, control the switch array to connect the antenna loop, and realize a touch module in which electromagnetic touch and capacitive touch share a set of touch sensors.
当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时，电磁屏主芯片依次扫描两根横排导线或两根竖排导线连接起来形成的天线回路，读取形成回路的天线上的感应信号。每一次扫描时，电磁屏主芯片指定欲连接的横排导线或竖排导线，并发送控制信号给切换开关阵列；切换开关阵列根据接收到的控制信号，将指定的横排导线或竖排导线连接起来；其中，指定的横排导线或竖排导线包含横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组。When the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as an electromagnetic touch system, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen sequentially scans the antenna loop formed by connecting two horizontal wires or two vertical wires, and reads the induction on the antenna forming the loop. Signal. At each scan, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen specifies the horizontal or vertical wires to be connected, and sends a control signal to the switch array; the switch array connects the specified horizontal or vertical wires according to the received control signal Connected; where the specified horizontal or vertical wires contain two or more sets of horizontal or vertical wires.
比如说，如图3所示，切换开关阵列包含一根连接线和若干个电子开关，其中，电子开关的个数与横排导线和竖排导线的总数一致。当电磁屏主芯片准备扫描某两根横排导线或竖排导线连接形成的天线回路时，向切换开关阵列发送控制信号，切换开关阵列闭合指定的横排导线或竖排导线相应的开关，电磁屏主芯片读取该指定的横排导线或竖排导线形成的天线回路上的感应信号。For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the switch array includes a connecting wire and several electronic switches, wherein the number of electronic switches is consistent with the total number of horizontal wires and vertical wires. When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen is ready to scan the antenna loop formed by the connection of two horizontal wires or vertical wires, it sends a control signal to the switch array, and the switch array closes the corresponding switch of the specified horizontal wire or vertical wire. The screen master chip reads the induction signal on the antenna loop formed by the specified horizontal or vertical wires.
或者，如图4所示，切换开关阵列包含若干根连接线和若干个电子开关，其中，电子开关的个数与横排导线和竖排导线的总数一致，并且电子开关为多触点开关。当电磁屏主芯片准备扫描多组横排导线或竖排导线连接形成的天线回路时，向切换开关阵列发送控制信号，切换开关阵列闭合指定的横排导线或竖排导线相应的开关，形成天线阵列，电磁屏主芯片依次读取每一个天线回路上的感应信号。Alternatively, as shown in Figure 4, the switch array includes several connecting wires and several electronic switches, wherein the number of electronic switches is consistent with the total number of horizontal and vertical wires, and the electronic switches are multi-contact switches. When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen is ready to scan the antenna loop formed by connecting multiple sets of horizontal or vertical wires, it sends a control signal to the switch array, and the switch array closes the corresponding switches of the specified horizontal or vertical wires to form an antenna Array, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen reads the induction signal on each antenna loop in turn.
与现有技术相比，本实施方式将包含了横排导线和竖排导线的传感器和天线复用阵列布设在触控屏面板的触摸区域内，采用切换开关阵列实现电容和电磁双模触控系统。当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电容触控系统使用时，切换开关阵列的所有开关处于断开状态；横排导线和竖排导线为电容屏的传感器，每一根都单独使用；当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时，切换开关阵列的部分开关处于关闭状态，将横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组的一端连接起来，形成天线回路。通过对横排导线或竖排导线进行动态配置和连接，实现电容触控传感器和电磁触控天线的复用，从而减小屏幕模组的整体厚度，同时也降低了生产成本。Compared with the prior art, in this embodiment, the multiplexing array of sensors and antennas including horizontal wires and vertical wires is arranged in the touch area of the touch screen panel, and the switch array is used to realize capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system. When the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as a capacitive touch system, all the switches of the switch array are in the off state; When the electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as an electromagnetic touch system, some switches of the switch array are turned off, and two or more groups of horizontal or vertical wires are connected to form an antenna loop. By dynamically configuring and connecting horizontal or vertical wires, the multiplexing of capacitive touch sensors and electromagnetic touch antennas is realized, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the screen module and reducing production costs.
本发明的第二实施方式涉及一种电容和电磁双模触控系统。第二实施方式在第一实施方式基础上做了进一步改进，主要改进之处在于：在本发明第二实施方式中，当电容和电磁双模触控系统作为电磁触控系统使用时，具有电磁屏主芯片和电磁屏从芯片，如图5所示。电磁屏主芯片具有主同步切换模块，电磁屏从芯片具有从同步切换模块，该主同步切换模块和从同步切换模块进行通信。通过两个电磁屏芯片实现同步切换天线，进行动态配置和连接，使得电磁屏主芯片可以在从芯片的配合下扫描所有线圈的感应电动势的值，从而准确地判断手写笔的笔尖所在的位置，利用这种技术，可以实现电磁触控和电容触控共用一组触控传感器的触控模组。The second embodiment of the present invention relates to a capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch control system. The second embodiment has been further improved on the basis of the first embodiment. The main improvement is: in the second embodiment of the present invention, when the capacitive and electromagnetic dual-mode touch system is used as an electromagnetic touch system, it has an electromagnetic The main chip of the screen and the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen are shown in Figure 5. The electromagnetic screen master chip has a master synchronous switching module, and the electromagnetic screen slave chip has a slave synchronous switching module, and the master synchronous switching module communicates with the slave synchronous switching module. Through the two electromagnetic screen chips, the antenna is switched synchronously, and the dynamic configuration and connection are carried out, so that the main chip of the electromagnetic screen can scan the induced electromotive force value of all coils with the cooperation of the slave chip, so as to accurately determine the position of the pen tip of the stylus. Using this technology, a touch module in which electromagnetic touch and capacitive touch share a set of touch sensors can be realized.
具体地说，主同步切换模块将指定横排导线或竖排导线的数据，发送给从同步切换模块；电磁屏从芯片根据接收到的数据，控制切换开关阵列将指定的横排导线或竖排导线连接起来，形成天线回路；电磁屏主芯片读取形成回路的天线上的感应信号；其中，指定横排导线或竖排导线包含横排导线或竖排导线中的两两或多组。Specifically, the master synchronous switching module sends the data of the designated horizontal or vertical wires to the slave synchronous switching module; the electromagnetic screen slave chip controls the switch array to transfer the specified horizontal or vertical wires according to the received data. The wires are connected to form an antenna loop; the main chip of the electromagnetic screen reads the induction signal on the antenna forming the loop; wherein, the designated horizontal wire or vertical wire includes two or more groups of horizontal wires or vertical wires.
由于电磁屏主芯片连接了可以多达120根的横排天线和竖排天线，为了准确地判断手写笔的位置，电磁屏主芯片的处理器需要依次对这些天线连接成的线圈进行扫描。同时为了提高天线扫描的灵活性，本实施方式采用电磁屏从芯片来连接不同横排或竖排天线。当然从芯片具体怎样连接天线是根据主芯片的传给它的数据来做的。每次扫描一个线圈时，从芯片要根据主芯片的数据连接构成线圈的2根天线，然后主芯片读取线圈两端的感应信号。由于每判断一次手写笔的位置，需要主芯片需要扫描很多线圈，依次读取它们两端的感应信号。这就要求主芯片发送数据给从芯片，从芯片接收数据后将指定的天线连接成线圈，然后主芯片读取线圈的感应信号等，这一系列过程要同步，即通过电磁屏芯片同步切换天线技术实现。Since the main chip of the electromagnetic screen is connected with up to 120 horizontal and vertical antennas, in order to accurately determine the position of the stylus, the processor of the main chip of the electromagnetic screen needs to scan the coils connected by these antennas in turn. At the same time, in order to improve the flexibility of antenna scanning, this embodiment uses an electromagnetic screen to connect different horizontal or vertical antennas from the chip. Of course, how to connect the antenna to the slave chip is based on the data sent to it from the master chip. Each time a coil is scanned, the slave chip needs to connect the two antennas that form the coil according to the data of the master chip, and then the master chip reads the induction signals at both ends of the coil. Because every time the position of the stylus is judged, the main chip needs to scan many coils and read the induction signals at both ends of them in turn. This requires the master chip to send data to the slave chip, connect the designated antenna to form a coil after receiving data from the slave chip, and then the master chip reads the induction signal of the coil, etc. This series of processes must be synchronized, that is, the antenna is switched synchronously through the electromagnetic screen chip Technical realization.
电磁屏芯片同步切换天线技术，是指当手写笔在面板上书写时，产生随笔尖位置变化的电磁波信号，产生变化的磁场。同时电磁屏主芯片发送数据给电磁屏从芯片，从芯片接收到数据后将面板上指定的横排或者竖排天线连接起来，形成线圈。线圈处在变化的磁场中，两端会产生感应信号。电磁屏主芯片读取线圈两端的感应信号后，进行相关的处理。然后主芯片发送下一个数据给从芯片，从芯片收到数据后同步切换天线，或者说将指定的天线连结成线圈，接着主芯片读入相应线圈的感应信号，并进行后续处理。依次类推，直到主芯片读入所有线圈的感应信号，进行处理后，可以准确地判断笔尖的位置。The electromagnetic screen chip synchronously switches the antenna technology, which means that when the stylus writes on the panel, an electromagnetic wave signal that changes with the position of the pen tip is generated, and a changing magnetic field is generated. At the same time, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen sends data to the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen. After receiving the data, the chip connects the specified horizontal or vertical antennas on the panel to form a coil. The coil is in a changing magnetic field, and an induction signal is generated at both ends. After the main chip of the electromagnetic screen reads the induction signals at both ends of the coil, it performs relevant processing. Then the master chip sends the next data to the slave chip, and the antenna is switched synchronously after receiving the data from the slave chip, or the specified antenna is connected into a coil, and then the master chip reads the induction signal of the corresponding coil and performs subsequent processing. And so on, until the main chip reads the induction signals of all coils, and after processing, the position of the pen tip can be accurately judged.
本实施方式的电磁屏芯片的同步切换天线模块（以下简称同步模块）如图6所示。同步模块用来在两个电磁屏芯片之间同步传送数据，以便电磁屏从芯片切换天线。对于任意一个电磁屏芯片，它的同步模块要么被配置成主机（即主同步切换模块），要么被配置成从机（即从同步切换模块）。如将电磁屏芯片的同步模块配置成主机，则称这个芯片为电磁屏主芯片，如将电磁屏芯片的同步模块配置成从模式，则称这个芯片为电磁屏从芯片。同步模块工作在单工模式，电磁屏主芯片的同步模块只能发送数据，从芯片的模块只能接收数据。The synchronous switching antenna module (hereinafter referred to as the synchronous module) of the electromagnetic screen chip of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 6 . The synchronization module is used to transmit data synchronously between the two electromagnetic screen chips, so that the electromagnetic screen can switch the antenna from the chip. For any electromagnetic screen chip, its synchronization module is either configured as a master (that is, the master synchronization switching module), or configured as a slave (that is, the slave synchronization switching module). If the synchronization module of the electromagnetic screen chip is configured as the master, the chip is called the electromagnetic screen master chip, and if the synchronization module of the electromagnetic screen chip is configured as the slave mode, the chip is called the electromagnetic screen slave chip. The synchronization module works in simplex mode, the synchronization module of the main chip of the electromagnetic screen can only send data, and the module of the slave chip can only receive data.
同步模块的主机传送数据给从机时，只用一根数据传输线，可以使得电磁屏主芯片和电磁屏从芯片的电路连接简单。也就是说，主同步切换模块和从同步切换模块通过一根数据传输线进行数据传送。当主机没有传送数据给从机时（即：当电磁屏主芯片没有传送数据给电磁屏从芯片时），这根传输线总是处于低电平状态。当电磁屏主芯片传送数据给电磁屏从芯片时，采用预设的数据传输协议进行数据传送，可以使得电磁屏主芯片和电磁屏从芯片之间能进行可靠而高效的数据传送。其中，预设的数据传输协议包含：When the master of the synchronization module transmits data to the slave, only one data transmission line is used, which can make the circuit connection between the master chip of the electromagnetic screen and the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen simple. That is to say, the master synchronous switching module and the slave synchronous switching module perform data transmission through a data transmission line. When the host does not transmit data to the slave (ie: when the main chip of the electromagnetic screen does not transmit data to the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen), this transmission line is always in a low state. When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen transmits data to the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen, the preset data transmission protocol is used for data transmission, which can make reliable and efficient data transmission between the main chip of the electromagnetic screen and the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen. Among them, the preset data transmission protocol includes:
（1）一个单位时间包含N个系统时钟周期；N的取值通过系统总线配置；(1) A unit of time includes N system clock cycles; the value of N is configured through the system bus;
（2）电磁屏主芯片在发送数据帧时，依次发送起始位、数据帧长度标志和有效数据帧；其中，起始位为若干个单位时间的高电平；(2) When the main chip of the electromagnetic screen sends the data frame, it sends the start bit, the data frame length flag and the valid data frame in sequence; among them, the start bit is a high level of several unit time;
（3）第一有效数据比特由L个单位时间低电平和H个单位时间高电平组成，第二有效数据比特由H个单位时间低电平和L个单位时间高电平时间组成，且有效数据总是先发送低电平，再发送高电平；其中，L和H为预设值。(3) The first valid data bit consists of L low levels per unit time and H high levels per unit time, and the second valid data bit consists of H low levels per unit time and L high level times per unit time, and is valid The data always sends low level first, and then high level; among them, L and H are preset values.
比如说，采用的数据传输协议定义1个单位时间为若干个系统时钟周期，具体1个单位时间为多少系统时钟是可以通过系统总线去配置的。当主机使能时，一开始它处于空闲状态。如果主机要发送比特‘1’给从机，它先发送3个单位时间的低电平，然后发送1个单位时间高电平；相反，如果主机要发送比特‘0’给从机，则它先发送1个单位时间的低电平，然后发送3个单位时间的高电平。且主机在发送数据比特时，总是先发送低电平，然后再发送高电平。主机在发送数据帧时，它先发送起始位，即2个单位时间的高电平，然后发送数据帧长度标志，数据帧传输类型、数据帧位宽和数据帧长度标志之间的关系如表1所示。For example, the adopted data transmission protocol defines a unit of time as a number of system clock cycles, and the specific number of system clocks for a unit of time can be configured through the system bus. When the master is enabled, it is initially idle. If the master wants to send a bit '1' to the slave, it first sends a low level for 3 units of time, and then sends a high level for a unit of time; on the contrary, if the master wants to send a bit '0' to the slave, it First send low level for 1 unit time, then send high level for 3 unit time. And when the host sends data bits, it always sends a low level first, and then sends a high level. When the host sends a data frame, it first sends the start bit, that is, the high level of 2 units of time, and then sends the data frame length flag. The relationship between the data frame transmission type, the data frame bit width and the data frame length flag is as follows: Table 1 shows.
表1数据帧传输类型、数据帧位宽和数据帧长度标志之间的关系Table 1 The relationship between data frame transmission type, data frame bit width and data frame length flag
当传送8比特的字节时，数据帧长度标志为‘00’，当传送16比特的字时，数据帧长度标志为‘01’，当传送32比特的双字时，数据帧长度标志为‘1’。主机发送完起始位和数据帧长度位后，开始发送有效数据帧，数据传送时序如图7所示（图中，UT为单位时间）。当主机发送完数据帧后，主机进入空闲状态，传输线一直为低电平，直到开始传送下一帧数据为止，如图8所示是数据传送状态转移示意图。When transmitting 8-bit bytes, the data frame length is marked as '00', when transmitting 16-bit words, the data frame length is marked as '01', when transmitting 32-bit double words, the data frame length is marked as ' 1'. After the host sends the start bit and the data frame length bit, it starts to send a valid data frame, and the data transmission timing is shown in Figure 7 (in the figure, UT is the unit time). After the host sends the data frame, the host enters the idle state, and the transmission line remains low until the next frame of data is transmitted, as shown in Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of data transmission state transition.
在本实施方式中，为了检测出主同步切换模块传送的每一个比特到底是0还是1，从同步切换模块具有比特检测计数器，采用计数器进行有效数据比特位的检测，通过简单的数据检测方式，可以提高数据传送效率。该比特检测计数器的工作原理是：在数据传输线为低电平时，比特检测计数器的计数值在下一系统时钟周期减1；当数据传输线为高电平时，计数值在下一系统时钟周期加1；每次数据传输线上电平发生下降沿跳变时，计数值清零。In this embodiment, in order to detect whether each bit transmitted by the master synchronous switching module is 0 or 1, the slave synchronous switching module has a bit detection counter, and the counter is used to detect valid data bits. Through a simple data detection method, Data transmission efficiency can be improved. The working principle of the bit detection counter is: when the data transmission line is low level, the count value of the bit detection counter is decremented by 1 in the next system clock cycle; when the data transmission line is high level, the count value is increased by 1 in the next system clock cycle; When a falling edge transition occurs on the secondary data transmission line, the count value is cleared.
在进行有效比特位的具体判别时，在数据传输线的起始位下降沿跳变除外的每次下降沿跳变前，电磁屏从芯片检测比特检测计数器的最高比特位；如果比特检测计数器的最高比特位为1，即计数值为负，则说明有效数据比特的低电平持续时间大于高电平持续时间，判定有效数据比特为1；如果比特检测计数器的最高比特位为0，即计数器为正，则说明有效数据比特的低电平持续时间小于高电平持续时间，判定有效数据比特位为0。When performing specific discrimination of effective bits, before each falling edge jump except the start bit falling edge jump of the data transmission line, the electromagnetic screen detects the highest bit of the bit detection counter from the chip; if the highest bit of the bit detection counter If the bit is 1, that is, the count value is negative, it means that the low-level duration of the valid data bit is greater than the high-level duration, and the valid data bit is determined to be 1; if the highest bit of the bit detection counter is 0, that is, the counter is If positive, it means that the low-level duration of the valid data bit is shorter than the high-level duration, and it is determined that the valid data bit is 0.
比如说，当同步模块的从机使能时，一开始它处于空闲状态。当它检测到传输线上电平先发生上升沿跳变（由低电平变到高电平），接着发生下降沿跳变（由高电平变到低电平）时，同步模块的从机知道同步模块的主机向它发生的数据的起始位结束了。从机接收完起始位后，通过比特检测计数器检测数据帧长度标志的第一个比特位，如果是‘1’，则判定主机将传送32比特的双字，接下来，从机在接收32个有效数据比特后进入空闲状态。如果检测到数据帧长度标志的第一个比特位为‘0’，则从机继续检测数据帧长度标志的下一个比特位，如果下一个比特位是‘0’，则判定主机将传送8比特的字节，接下来，从机在接收8个有效数据比特后进入空闲状态。如果下一个比特位是‘1’，则判定主机将传送16比特的字，接下来，从机在接收16个有效数据比特后进入空闲状态。For example, when a slave of a sync module is enabled, it is initially idle. When it detects that the level on the transmission line has a rising edge transition (from low level to high level) and then a falling edge transition (from high level to low level), the slave of the synchronization module Know the start bit of the data sent to it by the master of the sync module is over. After the slave has received the start bit, it detects the first bit of the data frame length flag through the bit detection counter. If it is '1', it is determined that the master will transmit a 32-bit double word. Next, the slave receives 32 Enter the idle state after valid data bits. If it detects that the first bit of the data frame length flag is '0', the slave will continue to detect the next bit of the data frame length flag, and if the next bit is '0', it will be determined that the master will transmit 8 bits bytes, next, the slave enters the idle state after receiving 8 valid data bits. If the next bit is '1', it is determined that the master will transmit a 16-bit word, and then the slave enters an idle state after receiving 16 valid data bits.
此外，值得一提的是，同步模块内部有一个从机错误检测和恢复机制，通过错误检测和恢复模块，从同步切换模块可及时发现从机接收数据过程中的错误，提高数据传送效率。正常情况下（即非空闲状态时），从机在接收数据帧时，低电平的持续时间要么是L个单位时间，要么是H个单位时间。以下述例子来说，先发送3个单位时间的低电平，然后发送1个单位时间高电平，表示比特“1”；先发送1个单位时间的低电平，然后发送3个单位时间的高电平，表示比特“0”，那么低电平的持续时间要么是1个单位时间，要么是3个单位时间。所以当检测到非空闲状态中，从机接收的数据中有超过一定时间的低电平时，就认为从机接收错误。当然，这个一定时间的低电平，是可以配置。不过，为了及时发现从机接收数据过程中的错误，推荐这个一定时间的低电平为4个单位时间。在允许从机检测接收错误中断的情况下，从机检测到接收错误时，它会产生中断报告给从芯片的中央处理器去处理。可以使能从机的自动纠错功能，使得从机一检测到错误，立即自动进入空闲状态，重新开始接收下一帧数据。当不使能从机的自动纠错功能时，也可以通过中央处理器来手动清除从机错误，强迫从机进入空闲状态，重新开始接收下一帧数据。具体地说，从同步切换模块包含：错误检测和恢复模块；该错误检测和恢复模块在检测到非空闲状态中，电磁屏从芯片接收的数据中有超过预设个数的低电平时，则判定电磁屏从芯片接收错误；其中，低电平的预设个数是可配置的。该错误检测和恢复模块在电磁屏从芯片允许从同步切换模块检测接收错误中断的情况下，错误检测和恢复模块检测到接收错误时，产生中断报告给电磁屏从芯片；电磁屏从芯片一接收到中断报告，立即自动进入空闲状态，重新开始接收下一帧数据。In addition, it is worth mentioning that there is a slave error detection and recovery mechanism inside the synchronization module. Through the error detection and recovery module, the slave synchronization switching module can detect errors in the process of receiving data from the slave in time and improve data transmission efficiency. Under normal circumstances (that is, when it is not idle), when the slave receives a data frame, the duration of the low level is either L unit time or H unit time. Take the following example, first send 3 low levels per unit time, and then send 1 high level per unit time, indicating bit "1"; first send 1 low level per unit time, and then send 3 unit times The high level of the high level indicates a bit "0", then the duration of the low level is either 1 unit time or 3 unit times. Therefore, when it is detected that in the non-idle state, the data received by the slave has a low level exceeding a certain period of time, it is considered that the slave receives an error. Of course, this low level for a certain period of time can be configured. However, in order to detect errors in the process of receiving data from the slave in time, it is recommended that the low level for a certain period of time be 4 unit times. In the case that the slave machine is allowed to detect receiving error interrupts, when the slave machine detects a receiving error, it will generate an interrupt report to the central processing unit of the slave chip for processing. The automatic error correction function of the slave can be enabled, so that as soon as the slave detects an error, it will automatically enter the idle state immediately and start receiving the next frame of data again. When the automatic error correction function of the slave machine is not enabled, the slave machine error can also be manually cleared through the central processing unit, forcing the slave machine to enter an idle state, and start receiving the next frame of data again. Specifically, the slave synchronous switching module includes: an error detection and recovery module; when the error detection and recovery module detects that in the non-idle state, the data received by the electromagnetic screen from the chip has a low level exceeding a preset number, then It is determined that the electromagnetic screen receives an error from the chip; among them, the preset number of low levels is configurable. The error detection and recovery module generates an interrupt report to the electromagnetic screen slave chip when the electromagnetic screen slave chip allows detection of receiving error interruption from the synchronous switching module, and when the error detection and recovery module detects a receiving error; When the interrupt report is received, it will automatically enter the idle state immediately and start receiving the next frame of data again.
在同步模块内部还有一个专用于天线切换的定时计数器，可以通过系统总线向它配置一个预设的值。当主机发送完起始位，即2个单位时间的高电平结束，或者从机接收完起始位，即传输线下降沿跳变结束时，这个计数器的计数值清零。之后这个计数器的计数值总是在下一系统时钟周期加1，直到它的计数值等于预设值为止。这是它会产生一个中断报告给主机或者从机，计数时间到，主机或者从机可以同步切换天线了。也就是说，主同步切换模块和从同步切换模块分别包含：同步切换计数器；该同步切换计数器通过系统总线配置一个预设值；当电磁屏主芯片发送完起始位，或者电磁屏从芯片接收完起始位时，同步切换计数器的计数值清零；同步切换计数器的计数值总是在下一系统时钟周期加1，直到计数值等于预设值时，同步切换计数器产生一个中断报告给电磁屏主芯片或者电磁屏从芯片，电磁屏主芯片或者电磁屏从芯片同步切换天线。采用同步切换计数器，使得电磁屏主芯片无需等待电磁屏从芯片的反馈，即可实现电磁屏主芯片或者电磁屏从芯片的天线同步切换，提高系统工作效率。There is also a timing counter dedicated to antenna switching inside the synchronization module, which can be configured with a preset value through the system bus. When the master sends the start bit, that is, the high level of 2 unit times ends, or the slave receives the start bit, that is, when the falling edge transition of the transmission line ends, the count value of this counter is cleared. Afterwards, the count value of this counter is always increased by 1 in the next system clock cycle until its count value is equal to the preset value. This is it will generate an interrupt report to the master or slave, when the count time is up, the master or slave can switch the antenna synchronously. That is to say, the master synchronous switching module and the slave synchronous switching module respectively include: a synchronous switching counter; the synchronous switching counter configures a preset value through the system bus; when the main chip of the electromagnetic screen sends the start bit, or the electromagnetic screen slave chip receives When the start bit is completed, the count value of the synchronous switching counter is cleared; the counting value of the synchronous switching counter is always increased by 1 in the next system clock cycle, until the count value is equal to the preset value, the synchronous switching counter generates an interrupt report to the electromagnetic screen The main chip or the electromagnetic screen slave chip, the electromagnetic screen master chip or the electromagnetic screen slave chip switches the antenna synchronously. The synchronous switching counter is adopted, so that the main chip of the electromagnetic screen does not need to wait for the feedback from the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen, and the antenna of the main chip of the electromagnetic screen or the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen can be switched synchronously, and the working efficiency of the system is improved.
此外，值得说明的是，本实施方式采用中断处理机制，提高电磁屏主芯片或电磁屏从芯片的并发处理能力。主同步切换模块或从同步切换模块具有3种中断请求类型：从同步切换模块检测到接收错误时产生的中断请求，主同步切换模块的数据帧发送完成或从同步切换模块的数据帧接收完成时产生的中断请求，主同步切换模块或从同步切换模块的同步切换计数器的计数值达到预设值时产生的中断请求。当上述3种中断请求允许被使能时，如果满足中断条件，主同步切换模块或从同步切换模块就会产生相应的中断，报告给电磁屏主芯片或电磁屏从芯片去处理；电磁屏主芯片或电磁屏从芯片向主同步切换模块或从同步切换模块的相应的中断标志位写入清除中断的标志，清除相应的中断。比如，清除中断的标志位为1，那么，向相应的中断标志位写“1”，就可以清除相应的中断。In addition, it is worth noting that this embodiment adopts an interrupt processing mechanism to improve the concurrent processing capability of the electromagnetic screen master chip or the electromagnetic screen slave chip. The master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module has 3 types of interrupt requests: the interrupt request generated when the slave synchronous switching module detects a receiving error, the data frame transmission of the master synchronous switching module is completed or the data frame reception of the slave synchronous switching module is completed The generated interrupt request is generated when the count value of the synchronous switching counter of the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module reaches a preset value. When the above three kinds of interrupt requests are allowed to be enabled, if the interrupt conditions are met, the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module will generate a corresponding interrupt and report to the main chip of the electromagnetic screen or the slave chip of the electromagnetic screen for processing; The chip or the electromagnetic screen slave chip writes the clear interrupt flag to the corresponding interrupt flag bit of the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module, and clears the corresponding interrupt. For example, if the flag bit for clearing the interrupt is 1, then writing "1" to the corresponding interrupt flag bit will clear the corresponding interrupt.
由于同步模块是根据配置设置成主同步切换模块或从同步切换模块，那么同步模块内共有3种类型的中断请求，即从机检测接收错误产生中断请求，主机的数据帧发送完成或从机的数据帧接收完成时产生中断请求，主机或从机的专用于天线切换的计数器计数值达到预设值时也会产生中断请求。当这3种中断请求允许被使能时，如果满足中断条件，主机或从机就会产生相应的中断，报告给它们的中央处理器去处理。比如：从机的数据帧接收完成中断产生时，从机的中央处理器可以读取同步模块的相应的长度标志寄存器，判断主机传送过来的数据是，一个字节，还是一个字或双字，然后根据主机传送的数据类型，从同步模块的接收缓冲区里读走数据。Since the synchronization module is set as the master synchronous switching module or the slave synchronous switching module according to the configuration, there are three types of interrupt requests in the synchronization module, that is, the slave detects and receives an error to generate an interrupt request, the data frame transmission of the master is completed or the slave's An interrupt request is generated when the data frame reception is completed, and an interrupt request is also generated when the count value of the counter dedicated to antenna switching of the master or slave reaches a preset value. When these three kinds of interrupt requests are enabled, if the interrupt conditions are met, the host or slave will generate a corresponding interrupt and report it to their central processing unit for processing. For example: when the data frame reception completion interrupt of the slave machine is generated, the CPU of the slave machine can read the corresponding length flag register of the synchronization module to judge whether the data transmitted by the host machine is a byte, a word or a double word, Then read the data from the receiving buffer of the synchronization module according to the data type transmitted by the host.
此外，本实施方式提供多种数据传送模式供主同步切换模块选择使用，提高数据传送的灵活性。主同步切换模块具有3种可配置的数据传送模式：第一传送模式、第二传送模式和第三传送模式。也就是说，对于同步模块的主机而言，它有3种可配置的数据传送模式。具体说明如下：In addition, this embodiment provides multiple data transmission modes for the master synchronous switching module to select and use, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission. The master synchronous switching module has three configurable data transmission modes: the first transmission mode, the second transmission mode and the third transmission mode. That is to say, for the host of the synchronization module, it has 3 configurable data transmission modes. The specific instructions are as follows:
对于模式0（即第一传送模式），只要电磁屏主芯片向主同步切换模块发送数据，主同步切换模块立即把数据发送给从同步切换模块。也就是说，只要主芯片的中央处理向同步模块的主机发送数据，同步模块的主机立即把数据发送给从芯片的同步模块的从机。For mode 0 (that is, the first transmission mode), as long as the main chip of the electromagnetic screen sends data to the master synchronous switching module, the master synchronous switching module immediately sends the data to the slave synchronous switching module. That is to say, as long as the central processing of the main chip sends data to the master of the synchronization module, the master of the synchronization module immediately sends the data to the slave of the synchronization module of the slave chip.
对于模式1（即第二传送模式），当数据帧开始的有效信号到来时，主同步切换模块立即将发送缓冲区保存的数据发送出去；其中，发送缓冲区位于主同步切换模块内。也就是说，当数据帧开始的有效信号到来时，主机立即将发送缓冲区的保存的数据发送出去。For mode 1 (that is, the second transmission mode), when the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame arrives, the master synchronous switching module immediately sends out the data stored in the sending buffer; wherein, the sending buffer is located in the master synchronous switching module. That is to say, when the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame arrives, the host will immediately send out the saved data in the sending buffer.
对于模式2（即第三传送模式），当数据帧开始的有效信号到来时，只有在数据帧开始的有效信号到来前，电磁屏主芯片更新了主同步切换模块的发送缓冲区里的数据，主同步切换模块才将发送缓冲区里的数据发送出去，否则它不发送数据给从同步切换模块。也就是说，当数据帧开始的有效信号到来时，只有在数据帧开始的有效信号到来前，主芯片的中央处理器更新了同步模块主机的发送缓冲器里的数据，同步模块的主机才将发送缓冲器里的数据发送出去，否则它不发送数据给同步模块的从机。For mode 2 (that is, the third transmission mode), when the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame arrives, the main chip of the electromagnetic screen updates the data in the sending buffer of the main synchronous switching module only before the arrival of the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame. The master synchronous switching module sends the data in the sending buffer, otherwise it does not send data to the slave synchronous switching module. That is to say, when the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame arrives, only before the arrival of the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame, the central processing unit of the main chip updates the data in the sending buffer of the synchronization module host, and the synchronization module host will The data in the send buffer is sent out, otherwise it does not send data to the slave of the synchronization module.
而对于上述数据帧开始的有效信号，提供多种数据帧开始的有效信号形式，进一步提高数据传送的灵活性。具体设有2种可配置的模式：第一数据帧开始模式（第一种模式）和第二数据帧开始模式（第二种模式）。对于第一种模式，直接以数据帧开始的输入信号作为数据帧开始的有效信号。对于第二种模式，它要将数据帧开始的输入信号延迟一段时间后，才作为数据帧开始的有效信号。至于这个延迟时间的值，也是可以通过系统总线来配置的。As for the effective signal at the start of the data frame, multiple forms of the effective signal at the start of the data frame are provided to further improve the flexibility of data transmission. Specifically, there are two configurable modes: the first data frame start mode (the first mode) and the second data frame start mode (the second mode). For the first mode, the input signal of the beginning of the data frame is directly used as the effective signal of the beginning of the data frame. For the second mode, it takes the input signal of the start of the data frame to be delayed for a period of time before it is used as a valid signal of the start of the data frame. As for the value of this delay time, it can also be configured through the system bus.
值得一提的是，本本发明各实施方式中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本发明的创新部分，本实施方式中并没有将与解决本发明所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施方式中不存在其它的单元。It is worth mentioning that each module involved in each embodiment of the present invention is a logical module. In practical applications, a logical unit can be a physical unit, or a part of a physical unit, or can be multiple Combination of physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present invention are not introduced in this embodiment, but this does not mean that there are no other units in this embodiment.
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for realizing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to it in form and details without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention. scope.
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| CN201310601217.3ACN103677470B (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2013-11-25 | Electric capacity and electromagnetism dual-mode touch system |
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