技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电磁触控技术，特别涉及电磁笔、电磁触控接收装置以及两者组成的无线通信系统。The invention relates to electromagnetic touch technology, in particular to an electromagnetic pen, an electromagnetic touch receiving device and a wireless communication system composed of the two.
背景技术Background technique
触控技术在很多产品中作为输入控制使用。随着智能手机，平板电脑的普及，触控技术的应用更加广泛。这些设备因为便携性，设备尺寸的限制等等通常不会有外置的键盘鼠标等输入设备。触控输入作为一种自然方便的输入方法具有强大的吸引力。触控输入技术也有多种分类，其中触控笔输入是一个重要的应用。利用触控笔，用户可以在设备上直接进行手写输入，还可以模拟鼠标操作等。触控笔输入设备通常采用基于电磁辐射的技术。如图1所示，在智能手机，平板电脑，手写板等设备中，植入了专门用于接收电磁信号的天线阵列。在使用时，触控笔发出某种形式的电磁信号，在触控面板接收端，通过检测这些天线上的接收信号，可以判读触控笔的位置等信息，达到书写的效果。Touch technology is used as an input control in many products. With the popularization of smart phones and tablet computers, the application of touch technology is more extensive. These devices usually do not have external input devices such as keyboards and mice because of portability, device size limitations, and the like. Touch input has strong appeal as a natural and convenient input method. There are also various classifications of touch input technologies, among which touch pen input is an important application. Using the stylus, users can directly perform handwriting input on the device, and can also simulate mouse operations, etc. Stylus input devices typically employ technologies based on electromagnetic radiation. As shown in Figure 1, in devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and tablet computers, antenna arrays dedicated to receiving electromagnetic signals are implanted. When in use, the stylus sends out some form of electromagnetic signal. At the receiving end of the touch panel, by detecting the received signals on these antennas, information such as the position of the stylus can be interpreted to achieve the effect of writing.
电磁感应触控技术分为两大类，一为被动式，又称为无电池笔技术，Wacom主导市场，拥有该技术的基础专利；被动式电磁感测的电磁笔内不需装电池而有共振电路，电磁触控接收装置经由天线发射交流的电磁场，电磁笔接收交流电磁场的能量并储存起来，接著由电磁笔发射电磁讯号回电磁触控接收装置；电磁触控接收装置和电磁笔均具有双向天线。该技术缺点为能量转换效率低于1/200，耗电较大。二为主动式，电磁笔需要置入电池，发射讯号。电磁笔的体积、重量受限于电池大小，也可采用充电锂电池。其基础技术专利为摩根触控所拥有。在主动式电磁触控中，电磁笔会主动发射特定频率的电磁讯号至电磁触控接收装置上的天线阵列，电磁触控接收装置接收讯号并传递给主控IC进行处理和运算，得出电磁笔的位置和笔压压力，以实现触摸操作。在该方案下，电磁笔只需要发射讯号，电磁触控接收装置不需要发射电磁讯号，只需要接收讯号。比较主动式与被动式，主动式在省电、感测距离和杂讯、纪录率方面较有优势，被动式则在方便性和笔的重量上具优势。Electromagnetic induction touch technology is divided into two categories, one is passive, also known as battery-free pen technology, Wacom dominates the market and owns the basic patent of this technology; the electromagnetic pen of passive electromagnetic sensing does not need to install a battery but has a resonance circuit , the electromagnetic touch receiving device transmits an AC electromagnetic field through the antenna, the electromagnetic pen receives the energy of the AC electromagnetic field and stores it, and then the electromagnetic pen emits an electromagnetic signal back to the electromagnetic touch receiving device; both the electromagnetic touch receiving device and the electromagnetic pen have a two-way antenna . The disadvantage of this technology is that the energy conversion efficiency is lower than 1/200, and the power consumption is relatively large. The second is the active type. The electromagnetic pen needs to be inserted into the battery to transmit the signal. The volume and weight of the electromagnetic pen are limited by the size of the battery, and a rechargeable lithium battery can also be used. Its basic technology patents are owned by Morgan Touch. In active electromagnetic touch, the electromagnetic pen will actively transmit electromagnetic signals of a specific frequency to the antenna array on the electromagnetic touch receiving device. The electromagnetic touch receiving device receives the signal and transmits it to the main control IC for processing and calculation, and obtains the position and pressure of the pen to achieve touch operation. Under this scheme, the electromagnetic pen only needs to transmit signals, and the electromagnetic touch receiving device does not need to transmit electromagnetic signals, but only needs to receive signals. Comparing the active type and the passive type, the active type has advantages in terms of power saving, sensing distance, noise, and recording rate, while the passive type has advantages in convenience and pen weight.
现有主动式电磁触控方案中，电磁笔所传输的通常是单频或连续扫频信号，电磁触控接收装置只能通过检测接收信号的强度以及频率信息，确定电磁笔需要传递的有效信息。而频率的变化比较单调，仅随笔压近似线性变化，所以传递的信息量很小。此外，目前电磁笔发射的信号的频率采用模拟调制，其抗干扰和接收性能都比较差。In the existing active electromagnetic touch solution, the electromagnetic pen usually transmits a single-frequency or continuous frequency sweep signal, and the electromagnetic touch receiving device can only determine the effective information that the electromagnetic pen needs to transmit by detecting the strength and frequency information of the received signal . However, the change of the frequency is relatively monotonous, and only approximately linearly changes with the pen pressure, so the amount of information transmitted is very small. In addition, the frequency of the signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen is currently modulated by analog, and its anti-interference and receiving performance are relatively poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种电磁笔、电磁触控接收装置以及两者组成的无线通信系统，使得电磁笔与电磁触控接收装置之间可以进行丰富的信息传递。The object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic pen, an electromagnetic touch receiving device and a wireless communication system composed of the two, so that rich information can be transmitted between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的实施方式提供了一种电磁笔，包含：数据输入模块、组帧模块、调制模块和天线；In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic pen, including: a data input module, a framing module, a modulation module and an antenna;
所述数据输入模块采集有用信号；The data input module collects useful signals;
所述组帧模块将所述有用信号组成由帧头和帧体组成的数据帧；其中，所述有用信号携带在所述帧体内；The framing module forms the useful signal into a data frame consisting of a frame header and a frame body; wherein, the useful signal is carried in the frame body;
所述调制模块对所述数据帧内的每比特的数据流进行调制；The modulation module modulates each bit of the data stream in the data frame;
所述天线发射电磁波，将已进行频率调制的数据流发送给电磁触控接收装置。The antenna emits electromagnetic waves, and sends the frequency-modulated data stream to the electromagnetic touch receiving device.
本发明的实施方式还提供了一种电磁触控接收装置，包含：天线阵列、带通滤波器、模数转换器、数字信号预处理模块、数字解调模块、位同步判决模块、帧同步模块、解帧模块和数据输出模块；The embodiment of the present invention also provides an electromagnetic touch receiving device, including: an antenna array, a bandpass filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital signal preprocessing module, a digital demodulation module, a bit synchronization judgment module, and a frame synchronization module , a deframing module and a data output module;
所述带通滤波器对通过天线阵列接收的电磁笔发射的电磁信号进行滤波；The bandpass filter filters the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen received by the antenna array;
所述模数转换器将滤波后的信号转换成数字信号；The analog-to-digital converter converts the filtered signal into a digital signal;
所述数字信号预处理模块对所述数字信号进行下变频、降速率和滤波，得到基带信号；The digital signal preprocessing module performs down-conversion, rate reduction and filtering on the digital signal to obtain a baseband signal;
所述数字解调模块对所述基带信号进行解调；The digital demodulation module demodulates the baseband signal;
所述位同步判决模块对解调输出的信号进行位同步，并进行判决输出；The bit synchronization judgment module performs bit synchronization on the demodulated output signal, and performs judgment output;
所述帧同步模块在所述位同步模块输出的比特数据流中搜索帧头；The frame synchronization module searches for a frame header in the bit data stream output by the bit synchronization module;
所述解帧模块在帧同步完成之后，进行解帧，得到比特数据流；After the frame synchronization is completed, the deframing module performs deframing to obtain a bit data stream;
所述数据输出模块将所述解帧得到的比特数据流输出。The data output module outputs the bit data stream obtained by deframing.
本发明的实施方式还提供了一种电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置组成的无线通信系统，包含：上述电磁笔和上述电磁触控接收装置。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a wireless communication system composed of an electromagnetic pen and an electromagnetic touch receiving device, including: the above electromagnetic pen and the above electromagnetic touch receiving device.
本发明相对于现有技术而言，在电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置之间组成无线通信系统，在电磁笔中设有无线发射器，用于采集电磁笔的有用信号，将有用信号组成数据帧并调制之后，通过电磁波发送给电磁触控接收装置；在电磁触控接收装置中设有无线接收器，用于通过天线阵列接收电磁笔发射的电磁信号，对接收到的信号进行滤波并进行模数转换得到数字信号，采用数字信号处理技术对数字信号进行预处理、解调和解帧，得到接收到的比特数据流并输出。采用本发明的方案，通过将有用信号组成数据帧并调制之后发送，不再单纯依靠频率传递信息，使得电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置之间可以进行丰富的信息传递。同时，由于电磁笔中的无线发射器采用数字调制，电磁触控接收装置中的无线接收器采用数字解调，而数字调制本身优于模拟调制的特性，因此系统的性能也大大提高。Compared with the prior art, the present invention forms a wireless communication system between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device, and a wireless transmitter is provided in the electromagnetic pen to collect useful signals of the electromagnetic pen and form the useful signals into data After the frame is modulated, it is sent to the electromagnetic touch receiving device through electromagnetic waves; a wireless receiver is provided in the electromagnetic touch receiving device, which is used to receive the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen through the antenna array, filter the received signal and perform The digital signal is obtained by analog-to-digital conversion, and the digital signal is preprocessed, demodulated and deframed by digital signal processing technology, and the received bit data stream is obtained and output. By adopting the solution of the present invention, by composing useful signals into data frames and sending them after modulation, information is no longer transmitted solely by frequency, so that rich information can be transmitted between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device. At the same time, since the wireless transmitter in the electromagnetic pen adopts digital modulation, and the wireless receiver in the electromagnetic touch receiving device adopts digital demodulation, and the characteristics of digital modulation itself are superior to analog modulation, the performance of the system is also greatly improved.
另外，还包含：位于所述数据输入模块和所述组帧模块之间的交织器、扰码器和第一校验模块；In addition, it also includes: an interleaver, a scrambler and a first checking module located between the data input module and the framing module;
所述交织器将所述数据输入模块采集的有用信号进行数据顺序重排；The interleaver rearranges the data order of the useful signals collected by the data input module;
所述扰码器将所述交织器的输出与本地固定序列进行异或；the scrambler XORs the output of the interleaver with a local fixed sequence;
所述第一校验模块对扰码器输出的数据计算出校验码，得到第二预设比特的数据，输出给所述组帧模块。The first verification module calculates a verification code for the data output by the scrambler, obtains the second preset bit data, and outputs it to the framing module.
利用交织和扰码技术对有用信号进行白化处理，使有用信号具有一定的伪随机性，同时又具有足够多的变换，防止连续的1或者0出现，可以提高通信的可靠性；在帧结构中加入校验码，可以进一步保证数据通信的可靠性。Use interleaving and scrambling technology to whiten the useful signal, so that the useful signal has a certain pseudo-randomness, and at the same time has enough transformations to prevent continuous 1 or 0 from appearing, which can improve the reliability of communication; in the frame structure Adding a check code can further ensure the reliability of data communication.
另外，所述组帧模块通过以下方法生成帧头和帧体：In addition, the framing module generates a frame header and a frame body through the following methods:
将第一预设比特的固定数据作为所述帧头；Using the fixed data of the first preset bit as the frame header;
由所述第一校验模块输出的第二预设比特的数据生成所述帧体：The frame body is generated by the second preset bit data output by the first verification module:
将所述第二预设比特的数据分成若干段，每段的比特数相同；其中，最后一段为校验码，其余段为所述扰码器输出的数据；Dividing the data of the second preset bit into several sections, each section has the same number of bits; wherein, the last section is a check code, and the remaining sections are data output by the scrambler;
在最后一段的末尾填充1比特的0，在其余段的末尾插入1比特的插入数据，所述插入数据根据插入位置的前一个数据取反计算得到。1-bit 0 is filled at the end of the last segment, and 1-bit insertion data is inserted at the end of the remaining segments, and the insertion data is obtained by reversing the previous data at the insertion position.
通过上述合理的帧体设计，可以进一步保证接收端帧同步的准确性；而且方法简单，易于实现。Through the above reasonable frame body design, the accuracy of frame synchronization at the receiving end can be further ensured; and the method is simple and easy to implement.
另外，所述电磁笔的有用信号包含：设备识别ID码、按键信息和压力信息。可以将丰富的信息作为有用信号，通过组帧进行传递，使电磁笔与电磁触控接收装置之间进行丰富的信息传递。In addition, the useful signal of the electromagnetic pen includes: device identification ID code, key information and pressure information. Rich information can be used as useful signals and transmitted through framing, so that rich information can be transmitted between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device.
另外，在所述调制模块对所述数据帧内的每比特的数据流进行调制的步骤中，采用以下方式中的任意一种进行调制：频移键控FSK、幅移键控ASK、相移键控PSK。可以根据实现复杂度、抗干扰能力的要求，灵活选择调制方式。In addition, in the step of modulating the data stream of each bit in the data frame by the modulation module, any one of the following methods is used for modulation: frequency shift keying FSK, amplitude shift keying ASK, phase shift Keyed PSK. The modulation method can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of implementation complexity and anti-interference ability.
另外，所述电磁触控接收装置还包含：位于所述解帧模块和所述数据输出模块之间的第二校验模块、解扰码器和解交织器；In addition, the electromagnetic touch receiving device further includes: a second verification module, a descrambler and a deinterleaver located between the deframing module and the data output module;
所述第二校验模块对所述解帧模块输出的比特数据流计算出校验码，并与所述解帧模块输出的校验码进行比较，判断两个校验码是否一致；在两个校验码一致时，将所述数据帧中除校验码之外的部分输出给所述解扰码器；The second check module calculates a check code for the bit data stream output by the deframing module, and compares it with the check code output by the deframing module to determine whether the two check codes are consistent; When the check codes are consistent, output the part of the data frame except the check code to the descrambler;
所述解扰码器对所述校验模块的输出与本地固定序列进行异或；其中，所述本地固定序列与所述电磁笔中扰码器使用的本地固定序列相同；The descrambler XORs the output of the verification module with a local fixed sequence; wherein the local fixed sequence is the same as the local fixed sequence used by the scrambler in the electromagnetic pen;
所述解交织器对所述解扰码器的输出进行数据重排；其中，数据重排的规律与所述电磁笔中交织器进行数据重排的规律相反。The deinterleaver performs data rearrangement on the output of the descrambler; wherein, the law of data rearrangement is opposite to the law of data rearrangement performed by the interleaver in the electromagnetic pen.
在电磁触控接收装置中采用数字信号处理技术对数字解调的数据进行校验、解扰码和解交织，恢复出有用信号的比特数据流，可以进一步提高系统性能。In the electromagnetic touch receiving device, the digital signal processing technology is used to verify, descramble and deinterleave the digitally demodulated data, and restore the bit data stream of the useful signal, which can further improve the system performance.
另外，所述帧同步模块在所述位同步判决模块输出的比特数据流中搜索帧头时，所述搜索的时间大于两个数据帧的长度。确保一定能正确的捕捉到一个连续并且完整的数据帧。In addition, when the frame synchronization module searches the frame header in the bit data stream output by the bit synchronization decision module, the search time is longer than the length of two data frames. Make sure to capture a continuous and complete data frame correctly.
另外，所述帧同步模块包含：天线扫描子模块；In addition, the frame synchronization module includes: an antenna scanning submodule;
所述天线扫描子模块按照预先配置在每个天线上的停留时间，逐步扫描天线阵列中的每个天线或其中一部分天线；其中，通过设置数据帧、扫描频率和长度，使至少有一个完整的帧出现在一个天线的扫描时间内。使得无线发射器的设计非常简单，适合于电磁笔简单体积小的要求；而无线接收器的同步也可以非常简单，只需要专注于一次扫描的数据即可，不需要跨天线的同步。The antenna scanning sub-module gradually scans each antenna or a part of the antennas in the antenna array according to the pre-configured dwell time on each antenna; wherein, by setting the data frame, scanning frequency and length, at least one complete Frames occur within the scan time of one antenna. The design of the wireless transmitter is very simple, which is suitable for the simple and small size of the electromagnetic pen; the synchronization of the wireless receiver can also be very simple, only need to focus on the data of one scan, and do not need to synchronize across the antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是根据现有技术的电磁触控设备示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic touch device according to the prior art;
图2是根据本发明实施方式的电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置组成的无线通信系统示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system composed of an electromagnetic pen and an electromagnetic touch receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是根据本发明第一实施方式的电磁笔中无线发射器进行组帧的过程示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the process of framing by the wireless transmitter in the electromagnetic pen according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
图4是根据本发明第二实施方式的电磁触控接收装置中无线接收器的帧同步示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of frame synchronization of the wireless receiver in the electromagnetic touch receiving device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的各实施方式进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本发明各实施方式中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施方式的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请各权利要求所要求保护的技术方案。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that, in each implementation manner of the present invention, many technical details are provided for readers to better understand the present application. However, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following implementation modes, the technical solution claimed in each claim of the present application can be realized.
本发明的第一实施方式涉及一种电磁笔，该电磁笔内设有无线发射器，该无线发射器采集电磁笔的有用信号，将有用信号组成数据帧并调制之后，通过电磁波发送给电磁触控接收装置。也就是说，无线发射器是电磁笔的一部分，主要是将采集到的有用信号，例如电磁笔的设备识别码(ID码)、按键信息以及压力信息等，通过合理设计，按照一定的数据帧的结构进行频移键控调制，并通过电磁波的方式进行无线传输。也就是说，可以将丰富的信息作为有用信号，通过组帧进行传递，使电磁笔与电磁触控接收装置之间进行丰富的信息传递。The first embodiment of the present invention relates to an electromagnetic pen. The electromagnetic pen is equipped with a wireless transmitter. The wireless transmitter collects the useful signal of the electromagnetic pen, and after the useful signal is composed into a data frame and modulated, it is sent to the electromagnetic touch pen through electromagnetic waves. control receiving device. That is to say, the wireless transmitter is a part of the electromagnetic pen. It mainly collects useful signals, such as the device identification code (ID code), key information, and pressure information of the electromagnetic pen, through reasonable design, according to a certain data frame. The structure is frequency-shift keyed and modulated, and wirelessly transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves. That is to say, rich information can be used as a useful signal and transmitted through framing, so that rich information can be transmitted between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device.
如图2所示，电磁笔包含：数据输入模块、组帧模块、调制模块和天线；其中，数据输入模块采集电磁笔的有用信号；组帧模块将有用信号组成由帧头和帧体组成的数据帧；其中，有用信号携带在所述帧体内；调制模块对数据帧内的每比特的数据流进行调制；天线发射电磁波，将已进行频率调制的数据流发送给电磁触控接收装置。As shown in Figure 2, the electromagnetic pen includes: a data input module, a framing module, a modulation module and an antenna; wherein, the data input module collects the useful signal of the electromagnetic pen; the framing module forms the useful signal into a frame consisting of a frame header and a frame body A data frame; wherein, the useful signal is carried in the frame body; the modulation module modulates the data stream of each bit in the data frame; the antenna emits electromagnetic waves, and sends the frequency-modulated data stream to the electromagnetic touch receiving device.
电磁笔还包含：位于数据输入模块和组帧模块之间的交织器、扰码器和第一校验模块；交织器将数据输入模块采集的有用信号进行数据顺序重排；扰码器将交织器的输出与本地固定序列进行异或；第一校验模块对扰码器输出的数据计算出校验码，得到第二预设比特的数据，输出给组帧模块。利用交织和扰码技术对有用信号进行白化处理，使有用信号具有一定的伪随机性，同时又具有足够多的变换，防止连续的1或者0出现，可以提高通信的可靠性；在帧结构中加入校验码，可以进一步保证数据通信的可靠性。The electromagnetic pen also includes: an interleaver, a scrambler and a first verification module located between the data input module and the framing module; the interleaver rearranges the data order of the useful signals collected by the data input module; the scrambler will interleave The output of the scrambler is XORed with the local fixed sequence; the first check module calculates a check code for the data output by the scrambler, obtains the second preset bit data, and outputs it to the framing module. Use interleaving and scrambling technology to whiten the useful signal, so that the useful signal has a certain pseudo-randomness, and at the same time has enough transformations to prevent continuous 1 or 0 from appearing, which can improve the reliability of communication; in the frame structure Adding a check code can further ensure the reliability of data communication.
具体地说，电磁笔内设有无线发射器，该无线发射器包括数据输入，交织，扰码，循环冗余(CRC)校验，组帧，以及频移键控(FSK)调制等模块。数据输入模块主要负责有用信号的采集。利用交织和扰码技术对有用信号进行白化处理，使其具有一定的伪随机性的同时，又具有足够多的变换，防止连续的1或者0的数据出现，从而可以提高通信的可靠性。在帧结构中加入CRC校验码，可以保证数据通信的可靠性。在组帧模块中，加入合适的帧头以及合理设计帧结构，提高接收机帧同步的准确性。FSK调制模块对1比特的数据流进行频率调制，数据1对应的是频率是fc+fd，数据0对应的频率为fc-fd。fc为载波频率，fd则为频率偏移量。数据流的速率，载波频率以及频率偏移量都可以进行灵活的配置。假如，数据流的速率为25Kbps，采用200KHz的载波，频率偏移量为12.5KHz，那么这种FSK调制方式的调制系数就为0.5，数据1对应的发射频率为212.5KHz，数据0对应的发射频率为187.5KHz。此外，由于频移键控信号具有恒包络特性，因此，其包络幅度用来检测接收信号的能量，而频率调制部分可以传输笔压以及其他多功能笔的功能信息。调制模块采用的调制方式可以为以下方式中的任意一种：频移键控(FSK)、幅移键控(ASK)、相移键控(PSK)。其他调制方式与FSK类似，在此不再一一赘述。在实际应用中，可以根据实现复杂度、抗干扰能力的要求，灵活选择调制方式。Specifically, a wireless transmitter is provided in the electromagnetic pen, and the wireless transmitter includes modules such as data input, interleaving, scrambling, cyclic redundancy (CRC) check, framing, and frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation. The data input module is mainly responsible for the collection of useful signals. Use interleaving and scrambling technology to whiten the useful signal, so that it has a certain pseudo-randomness and at the same time has enough transformations to prevent continuous 1 or 0 data from appearing, thereby improving the reliability of communication. Adding CRC check code in the frame structure can ensure the reliability of data communication. In the framing module, adding appropriate frame headers and rationally designing the frame structure improves the accuracy of receiver frame synchronization. The FSK modulation module performs frequency modulation on a 1-bit data stream. The frequency corresponding to data 1 is fc+fd, and the frequency corresponding to data 0 is fc-fd. fc is the carrier frequency, and fd is the frequency offset. The data flow rate, carrier frequency and frequency offset can be flexibly configured. If the rate of the data stream is 25Kbps, a 200KHz carrier is used, and the frequency offset is 12.5KHz, then the modulation factor of this FSK modulation method is 0.5, the transmission frequency corresponding to data 1 is 212.5KHz, and the transmission frequency corresponding to data 0 The frequency is 187.5KHz. In addition, because the frequency shift keying signal has a constant envelope characteristic, its envelope amplitude is used to detect the energy of the received signal, and the frequency modulation part can transmit pen pressure and other functional information of the multi-function pen. The modulation method adopted by the modulation module may be any one of the following methods: Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). Other modulation methods are similar to FSK, and will not be repeated here. In practical applications, the modulation method can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of implementation complexity and anti-interference ability.
此外，值得说明的是，数据帧包含：帧头和帧体；组帧模块通过以下方法生成帧头和帧体：In addition, it is worth noting that the data frame contains: frame header and frame body; the framing module generates frame header and frame body through the following methods:
将第一预设比特的固定数据作为帧头；由第一校验模块输出的第二预设比特的数据生成帧体：将第二预设比特的数据分成若干段，每段的比特数相同；其中，最后一段为校验码，其余段为扰码器输出的数据；在最后一段的末尾填充1比特的0，在其余段的末尾插入1比特的插入数据，该插入数据根据插入位置的前一个数据取反计算得到。图3是无线发射器发送数据流的一个具体组成流程图，15比特有用信息经交织、扰码、CRC校验之后，加上帧头，并插值之后组成31比特的数据帧，具体包含以下步骤：The fixed data of the first preset bit is used as the frame header; the data of the second preset bit output by the first verification module is used to generate the frame body: the data of the second preset bit is divided into several segments, and the number of bits in each segment is the same ; Wherein, the last section is the check code, and the remaining sections are the data output by the scrambler; the end of the last section is filled with 1-bit 0, and the end of the remaining sections is inserted with 1-bit insertion data. The insertion data is based on the insertion position Calculated by inverting the previous data. Figure 3 is a flow chart of the specific composition of the data stream sent by the wireless transmitter. After interleaving, scrambling, and CRC check, the 15-bit useful information is added with a frame header and interpolated to form a 31-bit data frame, which specifically includes the following steps :
步骤301，低位填充：15比特有用信息，最低位填充0，组成2个字节的输入数据[15:0]。Step 301, low bit filling: 15 bits of useful information, the lowest bit is filled with 0, forming 2 bytes of input data [15:0].
步骤302，交织：交织器是一个4X4的交织矩阵，交织后，将低位填充得到的输入数据，按图3中输出地址重新排列。Step 302, interleaving: the interleaver is a 4×4 interleaving matrix. After interleaving, the input data obtained by filling the lower bits is rearranged according to the output address in FIG. 3 .
步骤303，扰码输出：交织器的输出与本地16位固定序列0101 0101 01010101进行异或。Step 303, scrambling code output: XOR the output of the interleaver with the local 16-bit fixed sequence 0101 0101 01010101.
步骤304，循环冗余(CRC)校验：CRC模块对扰码输出的16比特数据计算出4比特CRC校验码，共计20比特。Step 304, cyclic redundancy (CRC) check: the CRC module calculates a 4-bit CRC check code for the 16-bit data output by the scrambling code, totaling 20 bits.
步骤305，加帧头和分段：数据帧的帧头为6比特固定数据111110，帧体由CRC输出的16+4比特数据组成。先将20比特数据分成5段，每段4比特。前四段为扰码输出的16比特数据，第五段为CRC生成的校验码。分别对前四段数据末尾插入1比特数据X，根据插入位置的前一个数据取反计算得到每一段的X。第五段的末尾填充1比特0。每帧数据包括帧头和帧体，共为31比特。Step 305, add frame header and segment: the frame header of the data frame is 6-bit fixed data 111110, and the frame body is composed of 16+4-bit data output by CRC. First divide the 20-bit data into 5 segments, each with 4 bits. The first four sections are the 16-bit data output by the scrambling code, and the fifth section is the check code generated by the CRC. Insert 1-bit data X at the end of the first four segments of data respectively, and calculate X for each segment based on the inversion of the previous data at the insertion position. The end of the fifth segment is filled with 1 bit 0. Each frame of data includes a frame header and a frame body, a total of 31 bits.
通过上述合理的帧体设计，可以进一步保证接收端帧同步的准确性；而且方法简单，易于实现。Through the above reasonable frame body design, the accuracy of frame synchronization at the receiving end can be further ensured; and the method is simple and easy to implement.
本发明的第二实施方式涉及一种电磁触控接收装置，该电磁触控接收装置设有无线接收器，无线接收器通过天线阵列接收电磁笔发射的电磁信号，对接收到的信号进行滤波并进行模数转换得到数字信号，采用数字信号处理技术对所述数字信号进行预处理、解调和解帧，得到接收到的比特数据流并输出。The second embodiment of the present invention relates to an electromagnetic touch receiving device, the electromagnetic touch receiving device is provided with a wireless receiver, the wireless receiver receives the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen through the antenna array, filters the received signal and Perform analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a digital signal, and use digital signal processing technology to preprocess, demodulate and deframe the digital signal to obtain a received bit data stream and output it.
电磁触控接收装置包含：天线阵列、带通滤波器、模数转换器、数字信号预处理模块、数字解调模块、位同步判决模块、帧同步模块、解帧模块和数据输出模块；其中，带通滤波器对通过天线阵列接收到的电磁笔发射的电磁信号进行滤波；模数转换器将滤波后的信号转换成数字信号；数字信号预处理模块用于对数字信号进行下变频、降速率和滤波，得到基带信号；数字解调模块对基带信号进行解调；位同步判决模块用于对解调输出的信号进行位同步，并进行判决输出；帧同步模块在位同步模块输出的比特数据流中搜索帧头；解帧模块用于在帧同步完成之后，进行解帧、校验、解扰码和解交织，得到比特数据流；数据输出模块将解帧得到的比特数据流输出。The electromagnetic touch receiving device includes: an antenna array, a bandpass filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital signal preprocessing module, a digital demodulation module, a bit synchronization judgment module, a frame synchronization module, a deframing module, and a data output module; among them, The band-pass filter filters the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen received by the antenna array; the analog-to-digital converter converts the filtered signal into a digital signal; the digital signal preprocessing module is used to down-convert and reduce the rate of the digital signal and filtering to obtain the baseband signal; the digital demodulation module demodulates the baseband signal; the bit synchronization judgment module is used to perform bit synchronization on the demodulated output signal and perform judgment output; the bit data output by the frame synchronization module in the bit synchronization module The frame header is searched in the stream; the deframing module is used to perform deframing, verification, descrambling and deinterleaving to obtain the bit data stream after the frame synchronization is completed; the data output module outputs the bit data stream obtained by deframing.
此外，电磁触控接收装置还包含：位于解帧模块和数据输出模块之间的第二校验模块、解扰码器和解交织器；第二校验模块对解帧模块输出的比特数据流计算出校验码，并与解帧模块输出的校验码进行比较，判断两个校验码是否一致；在两个校验码一致时，将数据帧中除校验码之外的部分输出给解扰码器；In addition, the electromagnetic touch receiving device also includes: a second verification module, a descrambler, and a deinterleaver located between the deframing module and the data output module; the second verification module calculates the bit data stream output by the deframing module output the check code, and compare it with the check code output by the deframing module to judge whether the two check codes are consistent; when the two check codes are consistent, output the part of the data frame except the check code to descrambler;
解扰码器对校验模块的输出与本地固定序列进行异或；其中，本地固定序列与电磁笔中扰码器使用的本地固定序列相同；The descrambler XORs the output of the verification module with the local fixed sequence; wherein, the local fixed sequence is the same as the local fixed sequence used by the scrambler in the electromagnetic pen;
解交织器对解扰码器的输出进行数据重排；其中，数据重排的规律与电磁笔中交织器进行数据重排的规律相反。The deinterleaver performs data rearrangement on the output of the descrambler; wherein, the law of data rearrangement is opposite to the law of data rearrangement performed by the interleaver in the electromagnetic pen.
在电磁触控接收装置中采用数字信号处理技术对数字解调的数据进行校验、解扰码和解交织，恢复出有用信号的比特数据流，可以进一步提高系统性能。In the electromagnetic touch receiving device, the digital signal processing technology is used to verify, descramble and deinterleave the digitally demodulated data, and restore the bit data stream of the useful signal, which can further improve the system performance.
具体地说，如图2所示，电磁触控接收装置内设有无线接收器，该无线接收器主要包括了带通滤波器，模数转换器，数字混频，级联数字变速率滤波器，FSK数字解调，位同步判决，帧同步，解帧，CRC校验，解扰码，解交织。Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the electromagnetic touch receiving device is equipped with a wireless receiver, which mainly includes a bandpass filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital frequency mixer, and a cascaded digital variable rate filter. , FSK digital demodulation, bit synchronization judgment, frame synchronization, deframing, CRC check, descrambling code, deinterleaving.
带通滤波器对天线接收到的信号进行滤波，滤除带外干扰信号。并提供可配置的增益。保证无线接收器具有足够的接收灵敏度以及动态范围。带通滤波器的中心频率可以根据不同的发射载波频率进行配置。通过模数转换器将模拟信号转换成数字信号，利用数字信号处理技术，对数字信号进行下变频，降速率，滤波。The band-pass filter filters the signal received by the antenna to filter out the out-of-band interference signal. and provides configurable gain. Ensure that the wireless receiver has sufficient receiving sensitivity and dynamic range. The center frequency of the bandpass filter can be configured according to different transmit carrier frequencies. The analog signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and the digital signal is down-converted, rate-reduced, and filtered using digital signal processing technology.
解调模块采用的解调方式与电磁笔中所使用的调制方式对应。以电磁笔中采用FSK调制为例，电磁触控接收端的数字解调模块利用四相相关技术对输入的FSK调制基带信号进行解调。公式1为具体的解调过程。公式1中的I(n)和Q(n)分别为输入的正交基带信号，m为可配置的数据延迟，D(n)为FSK解调输出信号。The demodulation mode adopted by the demodulation module corresponds to the modulation mode used in the electromagnetic pen. Taking FSK modulation in the electromagnetic pen as an example, the digital demodulation module at the receiving end of the electromagnetic touch uses four-phase correlation technology to demodulate the input FSK modulated baseband signal. Formula 1 is the specific demodulation process. I(n) and Q(n) in Formula 1 are the input quadrature baseband signals, m is the configurable data delay, and D(n) is the FSK demodulated output signal.
D(n)＝Q(n)×I(n-m)-I(n)×Q(n-m) (公式1)D(n)=Q(n)×I(n-m)-I(n)×Q(n-m) (Formula 1)
位同步判决模块用于对FSK解调输出的信号进行位同步，并进行判决输出。首先对FSK解调输出进行积分，积分的长度取决于过采样速率。假如FSK解调输出的采样速率为125KHz，数据率为25Kbps，那么公式2中N＝125/25＝5。The bit synchronization judgment module is used to perform bit synchronization on the signal output by FSK demodulation, and perform judgment output. The FSK demodulation output is first integrated, and the length of the integral depends on the oversampling rate. If the sampling rate of the FSK demodulation output is 125KHz, and the data rate is 25Kbps, then N=125/25=5 in Formula 2.
式中，L(n)为对FSK解调输出信号进行积分得到的积分信号。In the formula, L(n) is the integrated signal obtained by integrating the FSK demodulated output signal.
对积分器根据过采样率分成N路，分别对每路按照公式3计算出最佳判决路径判决因子P，也就是取N路中的最大值。公式3中的M为需要判决的比特数。The integrator is divided into N paths according to the oversampling rate, and the optimal decision path decision factor P is calculated for each path according to Formula 3, that is, the maximum value among the N paths is taken. M in Formula 3 is the number of bits to be judged.
根据计算出的最佳判决路径判决因子P，对积分器的输出L(n)进行判决。According to the calculated optimal decision path decision factor P, the output L(n) of the integrator is judged.
BitOut(n)＝SIGN(L(P+(n-1)×N)) (公式4)BitOut(n)=SIGN(L(P+(n-1)×N)) (Formula 4)
公式4中的SIGN表示对信号进行判决，大于零的判为1，小于或者等于零的判为0。BitOut(n)表示判决输出，取值为0或1。SIGN in Formula 4 means to judge the signal, and the judgment is 1 if it is greater than zero, and it is 0 if it is less than or equal to zero. BitOut(n) indicates the decision output, and the value is 0 or 1.
帧同步模块在位同步模块输出的比特数据流中搜索帧头(6b’111110)。在进行搜索时，搜索的时间大于两个数据帧的长度。也就是说，只要保证搜索的时间大于两个数据帧的长度，那就保证一定有一个连续并且完整的数据帧能被正确的捕捉到，如图4所示，无线发射器发送的数据帧用1、2、3、4、5、6表示，斜线阴影表示天线时间长，空白表示天线时间短，在天线时间长大于两个数据帧的长度(即搜索时间大于两个数据帧的长度)时，无线接收器接收数据流，进行帧同步过程中，能准确捕捉到数据帧1和6。此外，值得说明的是，帧同步模块包含：天线扫描子模块；该天线扫描子模块按照预先配置在每个天线上的停留时间，逐步扫描每个天线或其中一部分天线其中，通过设置数据帧、扫描频率和长度，使至少有一个完整的帧出现在一个天线的扫描时间内。也就是说，为了简化无线接收器和无线发射器的同步，数据帧的设计配合无线接收器的扫描频率和长度，可以保证在无线接收器处于调频接收状态时，至少有一个完整的帧可以出现在一个天线的扫描时间内。这样，无线发射器的设计非常简单，只需要利用设计的帧结构，连续发送有用信息即可，每帧的数据是否变化取决于有用信息变化的频率，同一组信息有可能被重复多次。这样简单的架构适合于电磁笔简单体积小的要求。而无线接收器的同步也可以非常简单，只需要专注于一次扫描的数据即可，不需要跨天线的同步。The frame synchronization module searches the frame header (6b'111110) in the bit data stream output by the bit synchronization module. When searching, the search time is greater than the length of two data frames. That is to say, as long as the search time is guaranteed to be longer than the length of two data frames, it is guaranteed that a continuous and complete data frame can be correctly captured. As shown in Figure 4, the data frame sent by the wireless transmitter is used 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 indicate that the slash shadow indicates that the antenna time is long, and the blank indicates that the antenna time is short, and that the antenna time is longer than the length of two data frames (that is, the search time is greater than the length of two data frames) , the wireless receiver receives the data stream, and can accurately capture data frames 1 and 6 during the frame synchronization process. In addition, it is worth noting that the frame synchronization module includes: an antenna scanning sub-module; the antenna scanning sub-module gradually scans each antenna or a part of the antennas according to the pre-configured dwell time on each antenna. Among them, by setting the data frame, Scan frequency and length such that at least one complete frame occurs within the scan time of one antenna. That is to say, in order to simplify the synchronization between the wireless receiver and the wireless transmitter, the design of the data frame matches the scanning frequency and length of the wireless receiver, which can ensure that at least one complete frame can appear when the wireless receiver is in the FM receiving state within the scan time of one antenna. In this way, the design of the wireless transmitter is very simple. It only needs to use the designed frame structure to continuously send useful information. Whether the data of each frame changes depends on the frequency of useful information changes. The same set of information may be repeated many times. Such a simple structure is suitable for the simple and small size requirement of the electromagnetic pen. The synchronization of the wireless receiver can also be very simple, only need to focus on the data of one scan, without the need for cross-antenna synchronization.
帧同步完整之后就进行解帧，CRC校验，解扰码和解交织，最后输出接收到比特数据流。After the frame synchronization is complete, deframe, CRC check, descrambling and deinterleaving are performed, and finally the received bit data stream is output.
本发明第三实施方式涉及一种电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置组成的无线通信系统，包含：第一实施方式所述的电磁笔和第二实施方式所述的电磁触控接收装置。The third embodiment of the present invention relates to a wireless communication system composed of an electromagnetic pen and an electromagnetic touch receiving device, including: the electromagnetic pen described in the first embodiment and the electromagnetic touch receiving device described in the second embodiment.
本发明相对于现有技术而言，在电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置之间组成无线通信系统，在电磁笔中设有无线发射器，用于采集电磁笔的有用信号，将有用信号组成数据帧并调制之后，通过电磁波发送给电磁触控接收装置；在电磁触控接收装置中设有无线接收器，用于通过天线阵列接收电磁笔发射的电磁信号，对接收到的信号进行滤波并进行模数转换得到数字信号，采用数字信号处理技术对数字信号进行预处理、解调和解帧，得到接收到的比特数据流并输出。采用本发明的方案，通过将有用信号组成数据帧并调制之后发送，不再单纯依靠频率传递信息，使得电磁笔和电磁触控接收装置之间可以进行丰富的信息传递。同时，由于电磁笔中的无线发射器采用数字调制，电磁触控接收装置中的无线接收器采用数字解调，而数字调制本身优于模拟调制的特性，因此系统的性能也大大提高。Compared with the prior art, the present invention forms a wireless communication system between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device, and a wireless transmitter is provided in the electromagnetic pen to collect useful signals of the electromagnetic pen and form the useful signals into data After the frame is modulated, it is sent to the electromagnetic touch receiving device through electromagnetic waves; a wireless receiver is provided in the electromagnetic touch receiving device, which is used to receive the electromagnetic signal emitted by the electromagnetic pen through the antenna array, filter the received signal and perform The digital signal is obtained by analog-to-digital conversion, and the digital signal is preprocessed, demodulated and deframed by digital signal processing technology, and the received bit data stream is obtained and output. By adopting the solution of the present invention, by composing useful signals into data frames and sending them after modulation, information is no longer transmitted solely by frequency, so that rich information can be transmitted between the electromagnetic pen and the electromagnetic touch receiving device. At the same time, since the wireless transmitter in the electromagnetic pen adopts digital modulation, and the wireless receiver in the electromagnetic touch receiving device adopts digital demodulation, and the characteristics of digital modulation itself are superior to analog modulation, the performance of the system is also greatly improved.
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for realizing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to it in form and details without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention. scope.
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