技术领域technical field
本发明属于矿山安全领域，涉及一种采用微震监测系统通过微震事件活动率和累计视体积监测实现岩爆灾害微震监测预警关键点的识别方法，适用于深部硬岩矿山开采岩爆灾害预警。The invention belongs to the field of mine safety, and relates to a method for identifying key points of microseismic monitoring and early warning of rockburst disasters by using a microseismic monitoring system through microseismic event activity rate and cumulative apparent volume monitoring, and is suitable for early warning of rockburst disasters in deep hard rock mining.
背景技术Background technique
随着地表浅部矿产资源的日益枯竭，矿山开采深度不断增大。随着开采深度和地下特大采空区的增加，深井开采岩爆灾害诱发的可能性和频度、强度将同步增加。岩爆灾害微震监测预警是一种岩体在开挖过程中，随着回采工作面的推进，掌握岩体破裂失稳微震事件活动率及累计视体积变化规律，从而达到灾害预警的目的。With the depletion of mineral resources in the shallow part of the surface, the depth of mining is increasing. With the increase of mining depth and large underground goaf, the possibility, frequency and intensity of rockburst disasters induced by deep well mining will increase simultaneously. Microseismic monitoring and early warning of rockburst disaster is a kind of rock mass in the process of excavation, with the advancement of the mining face, to grasp the activity rate of rock mass rupture and instability microseismic events and the cumulative apparent volume change law, so as to achieve the purpose of disaster early warning.
深井开采微震监测技术在国内还没有广泛应用，并且在岩爆灾害预警方面也还不成熟，这些问题已成为制约深井开采岩爆灾害微震监测技术快速推广应用的瓶颈。Microseismic monitoring technology for deep well mining has not been widely used in China, and it is still immature in early warning of rockburst disasters. These problems have become bottlenecks restricting the rapid promotion and application of microseismic monitoring technology for rockburst disasters in deep well mining.
鉴于上述岩爆灾害微震监测预警方法的不足，需要一种新的岩爆灾害预警识别方法，即方法简单、判别速度快、效果好，又能准确判断岩体发生岩爆灾害进行预警，同时还具有较好的普适性。In view of the shortcomings of the above rockburst disaster microseismic monitoring and early warning methods, a new rockburst disaster early warning and identification method is needed, that is, the method is simple, the discrimination speed is fast, the effect is good, and it can accurately judge the occurrence of rockburst disasters in the rock mass for early warning. It has good universality.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是针对矿山安全、公路铁路交通隧道和水利水电硐室等工程中岩爆预警效果差、容易产生错误的预警结论等问题，提出了采用微震监测系统通过微震事件活动率和累计视体积监测实现岩爆灾害预警的一种方法，不但方法简单，而且大大提高了岩爆灾害微震监测预警的准确性。The present invention is aimed at problems such as mine safety, road and railway traffic tunnels, water conservancy and hydroelectric chambers and other projects with poor rockburst early warning effect and easy to produce wrong early warning conclusions. A method for realizing early warning of rockburst disasters is not only simple, but also greatly improves the accuracy of microseismic monitoring and early warning of rockburst disasters.
一种岩爆灾害微震监测预警识别的方法，其特征在于：A method for rockburst disaster microseismic monitoring, early warning and identification, characterized in that:
(1)本发明所采用的微震监测系统由地表监测站、井下数据交换中心、数据采集仪和传感器四大部分组成。(1) The microseismic monitoring system adopted in the present invention is composed of four major parts: a surface monitoring station, an underground data exchange center, a data acquisition instrument and sensors.
(2)本发明所采用的微震监测系统分为地表和地下两大部分，首先根据采矿工程的开拓采准巷道布置，初步选择基本的监测范围，然后在此监测范围内，合理布置传感器，对传感器的位置进行优化分析，确保目标监测区域的监测技术指标满足要求，并使监测范围达到最大值。地表监测站设在矿山工业广场内，井下数据交换中心布置在井下较为稳固的岩层硐室中，传感器阵列布置在监测区的围岩岩体内。传感器接收到原始的微震信号以后将其转变为模拟信号，通过电缆发送到微震监测系统的数据采集仪，数据采集仪所采集的模拟信号通过电缆与井下数据交换中心相连，数据交换中心将此模拟信号转变为数字信号并通过光缆传输至地表监测站的计算机中。计算机上运行的数据处理软件及图像显示分析软件便可以对微震信号进行多方面的处理，实现对监测区域岩体微震事件活动率C和累计视体积的分析，并可以在计算机上实时显示。(2) The microseismic monitoring system that the present invention adopts is divided into surface and underground two major parts, at first according to the development of mining engineering adopts the quasi-roadway layout, initially selects the basic monitoring range, then in this monitoring range, rationally arranges sensors, for The position of the sensor is optimized and analyzed to ensure that the monitoring technical indicators of the target monitoring area meet the requirements and maximize the monitoring range. The surface monitoring station is located in the mine industrial square, the underground data exchange center is arranged in a relatively stable underground rock chamber, and the sensor array is arranged in the surrounding rock body of the monitoring area. After the sensor receives the original microseismic signal, it converts it into an analog signal, and sends it to the data acquisition instrument of the microseismic monitoring system through a cable. The signal is converted to a digital signal and transmitted via fiber optic cable to a computer at a surface monitoring station. The data processing software and image display analysis software running on the computer can process the microseismic signals in various aspects, realize the analysis of the activity rate C and cumulative apparent volume of rock mass microseismic events in the monitoring area, and can display them on the computer in real time.
(3)本发明所叙述的微震事件活动率C作为一个重要的微震监测参数，表示单位时间的微震事件数。微震事件活动率反映了岩体内微裂纹的扩展变化趋势，表现了微裂纹的产生和发展速度，岩体微震事件活动率在不同应力状态表现出不同的变化特征。视体积VA是量测震源体积(岩体内发生同震非弹性变形的体积)的参数，它具有标量的性质。对微震事件活动性分析时，累计视体积ΣVA随时间变化曲线的斜率值被认为是表示岩体应变速率的重要指标。(3) As an important microseismic monitoring parameter, the microseismic event activity rate C described in the present invention represents the number of microseismic events per unit time. The activity rate of microseismic events reflects the trend of microcrack expansion in rock mass, and shows the generation and development speed of microcracks. The activity rate of microseismic event in rock mass shows different characteristics in different stress states. The apparent volume VA is a parameter for measuring the source volume (the volume in which coseismic inelastic deformation occurs in the rock mass), and it has the property of a scalar quantity. When analyzing the activity of microseismic events, the slope value of the cumulative apparent volume ΣVA versus time curve is considered to be an important indicator of the rock mass strain rate.
(4)预警识别过程如下：(4) The early warning identification process is as follows:
1)按照所要监测的区域合理布置传感器；1) Arrange the sensors reasonably according to the area to be monitored;
2)按照设计铺设电缆使传感器与数据采集仪相连；2) Lay the cable according to the design to connect the sensor to the data acquisition instrument;
3)考虑井下条件合理布置数据交换中心并将其通过电缆与数据采集仪相连，通过光缆将信号数据交换中心传输至地表监测站；3) Considering the downhole conditions, reasonably arrange the data exchange center and connect it with the data acquisition instrument through the cable, and transmit the signal data exchange center to the surface monitoring station through the optical cable;
4)通过地表监测站计算机上运行的数据处理软件及图像显示分析软件便可以对微震信号进行多方面的处理，绘制出微震事件活动率-累计视体积-时间的曲线图，实现对监测区域岩体微震事件活动率C和累计视体积ΣVA的分析；4) Through the data processing software and image display analysis software running on the computer of the surface monitoring station, the microseismic signal can be processed in various aspects, and the curve diagram of microseismic event activity rate-cumulative apparent volume-time can be drawn to realize the analysis of rocks in the monitoring area. Analysis of volumetric microseismic event activity rate C and cumulative apparent volume ΣVA ;
5)根据微震事件活动率-累计视体积-时间的曲线图的变化进行预警关键点识别。岩体在受压一段时间后进入塑性屈服阶段，当岩体受力进入屈服点后内部产生大量的微裂隙，出现扩容现象，微震事件活动率急剧增加，微震活动增强。在接近峰值强度时，岩石快速进入扩容阶段，微震事件出现一个明显的相对平静期，在峰值强度时又出现微震事件大量急剧增加，岩体破裂，体积急剧增大。岩体在快速进入相对平静期后趋于破坏。因此，岩体在进入微震事件相对平静期起始点可作为岩爆灾害发生的预警关键点，累计视体积的突然增大体现了岩体开挖导致围岩发生岩爆灾害的前兆信息。5) According to the change of the microseismic event activity rate-cumulative apparent volume-time curve, the key points of early warning are identified. The rock mass enters the plastic yield stage after being compressed for a period of time. When the rock mass enters the yield point, a large number of micro-cracks are generated inside, and the expansion phenomenon occurs. The activity rate of microseismic events increases sharply, and the microseismic activity increases. When approaching the peak intensity, the rock quickly enters the expansion stage, and the microseismic events appear a relatively quiet period, and when the peak intensity occurs, a large number of microseismic events increase sharply, the rock mass ruptures, and the volume increases sharply. The rock mass tends to fail after rapidly entering a period of relative calm. Therefore, the starting point of the rock mass in the relatively quiet period of microseismic events can be used as the key point for early warning of rockburst disasters, and the sudden increase in cumulative apparent volume reflects the precursor information of rockburst disasters in surrounding rocks caused by rock mass excavation.
采用微震事件活动率出现的相对平静期预警岩爆灾害的方法，与传统预警方法不同表现在下述几个方面：The method of early warning of rockburst disasters in the relatively calm period when the activity rate of microseismic events occurs is different from the traditional early warning methods in the following aspects:
(1)本发明方法具有高可靠度，与传统的岩爆灾害微震监测预警点识别方法相比，微震监测系统采用高精度测量技术，可监测并定位小到-3级左右的微震，震源定位精度小于8m；(1) The method of the present invention has high reliability. Compared with the traditional rockburst disaster microseismic monitoring and early warning point identification method, the microseismic monitoring system adopts high-precision measurement technology, which can monitor and locate microseisms as small as about -3 magnitude, and locate the source Accuracy is less than 8m;
(2)本发明采用的微震监测系统具有动态、三维、实时监测的特点，还可根据震源情况确定破裂尺度和性质，可以给出煤岩体破坏的时间、位置并使灾害提前预报。因此，技术和管理人员可以有较为充足的时间采取措施，避免或极大限度地降低生命和财产损失。(2) The microseismic monitoring system adopted in the present invention has the characteristics of dynamic, three-dimensional, and real-time monitoring, and can also determine the rupture scale and properties according to the source of the earthquake, and can provide the time and location of coal and rock mass destruction and make disaster predictions in advance. Therefore, technical and management personnel can have sufficient time to take measures to avoid or minimize the loss of life and property.
(3)本发明适用于矿山岩体破裂失稳发生的动力灾害预警，比如岩爆、冒顶、突水和边坡滑坡等，也适用于大型岩体工程稳定性，如水电站硐室、边坡、隧道和坝体等灾害预警。(3) The present invention is suitable for early warning of dynamic disasters such as rockbursts, roof falls, water inrush and side slope landslides, etc., and is also applicable to the stability of large-scale rock mass engineering, such as hydropower station chambers and side slopes. , tunnels and dams and other disaster warnings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明微震监测系统现场实施图。Fig. 1 is the on-site implementation diagram of the microseismic monitoring system of the present invention.
图2为本发明预警原理图Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of early warning of the present invention
图中：1—传感器；2—电缆；3—数据采集仪；4—井下数据交换中心；5—光缆；6—地表控制室。In the figure: 1—sensor; 2—cable; 3—data acquisition instrument; 4—downhole data exchange center; 5—optical cable; 6—surface control room.
传感器1将接收到监测区域的岩体微震信号转换为模拟信号，通过电缆2由数据采集仪3采集；数据采集仪3将模拟信号通过电缆2传输给井下数据交换中心4，井下数据交换中心4将模拟信号转换成数字信号，并通过光缆5传输至地表控制室6，由地表控制室6计算机上运行的数据处理软件及图像显示分析软件对信号进行处理和分析，并在计算机上实时显示，实现对监测区域岩爆灾害监测预警。The sensor 1 converts the rock mass microseismic signal received in the monitoring area into an analog signal, which is collected by the data acquisition instrument 3 through the cable 2; the data acquisition instrument 3 transmits the analog signal to the downhole data exchange center 4 through the cable 2, and the downhole data exchange center 4 The analog signal is converted into a digital signal, and transmitted to the surface control room 6 through the optical cable 5, and the data processing software and image display analysis software running on the computer in the surface control room 6 process and analyze the signal, and display it on the computer in real time, Realize the monitoring and early warning of rockburst disasters in the monitoring area.
说明：现场监测仪器安装按照图1实施，根据图2监测预警原理实现岩爆灾害监测预警关键点识别。Explanation: The installation of on-site monitoring instruments is carried out according to Figure 1, and the identification of key points of rockburst disaster monitoring and early warning is realized according to the monitoring and early warning principle in Figure 2.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
本具体实施岩爆灾害微震监测预警新方法的如下过程进行：This specific implementation of the rockburst disaster microseismic monitoring and early warning new method is carried out as follows:
(1)确定岩体监测预警区域，将重点监测预警区域划分并进行编号，编号对应着微震事件活动率及累计视体积的数据变化，以便获得一个清晰的监测网络；(1) Determine the rock mass monitoring and early warning area, divide and number the key monitoring and early warning areas, and the number corresponds to the data change of the activity rate of microseismic events and the cumulative apparent volume, so as to obtain a clear monitoring network;
(2)安装微震监测系统：按照设计在所要监测的区域合理布置传感器，将传感器、数据采集仪、井下数据交换中心用电缆相连，通过光缆将数据交换中心与地表监测站相连，完成监测系统的安装。(2) Install the microseismic monitoring system: reasonably arrange the sensors in the area to be monitored according to the design, connect the sensors, data acquisition instruments, and the underground data exchange center with cables, and connect the data exchange center with the surface monitoring station through optical cables to complete the monitoring system. Install.
(3)在地表监测站的计算机上运行的数据处理软件及图像显示分析软件，设置相关参数，实时监测数据，处理和分析微震事件活动率和累计视体积的变化，绘制微震事件活动率-累计视体积-时间曲线图，并在计算机上实时显示；(3) Data processing software and image display analysis software run on the computer of the surface monitoring station, set relevant parameters, monitor data in real time, process and analyze changes in microseismic event activity rate and cumulative apparent volume, and draw microseismic event activity rate-cumulative Apparent volume-time graph, and real-time display on the computer;
(4)根据微震事件活动率-累计视体积-时间的曲线图的变化进行预警关键点识别，当微震事件活动率急剧增加，微震事件活动增强，随着应力的增大，微震进入相对平静期起始点，累计视体积突然增大，这就是岩爆灾害预警点，进入平静期的点，确定为岩爆灾害预警关键点，岩体发生失稳破坏。因此，微震事件活动率相对平静期起始点可作为岩爆灾害微震监测的预警关键点，体现了岩体开挖导致围岩发生岩爆灾害的前兆信息。(4) According to the change of the microseismic event activity rate-cumulative apparent volume-time curve, the early warning key points are identified. When the microseismic event activity rate increases sharply, the microseismic event activity increases. With the increase of stress, the microseismic event enters a relatively quiet period The starting point, where the cumulative apparent volume increases suddenly, is the early warning point for rockburst disasters. The point that enters the calm period is determined as the key point for early warning of rockburst disasters, and the rock mass is destabilized and destroyed. Therefore, the starting point of the relatively quiet period of the activity rate of microseismic events can be used as the key point of early warning for microseismic monitoring of rockburst disasters, which reflects the precursory information of rockburst disasters in surrounding rocks caused by rock mass excavation.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310740727.9ACN103670516B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | A kind of recognition methods of rock burst hazard micro seismic monitoring early warning key point |
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| CN201310740727.9ACN103670516B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | A kind of recognition methods of rock burst hazard micro seismic monitoring early warning key point |
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| CN201310740727.9AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103670516B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | A kind of recognition methods of rock burst hazard micro seismic monitoring early warning key point |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20150826 Termination date:20191227 |