技术领域technical field
本发明属于微波天线工程技术领域。The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antenna engineering.
背景技术Background technique
吸收体，又称吸波材料，指能吸收投射到它表面的电磁波能量的一类材料。在工程应用上，除要求吸波材料在较宽频带内对电磁波具有高的吸收率外，还要求它具有质量轻、耐温、耐湿、抗腐蚀等性能。传统的吸波体，诸如尖劈形材料、磁性吸收剂和Salisbury吸收屏等存在密度大，使用温度低或厚度较大等缺陷。Absorbers, also known as wave-absorbing materials, refer to a class of materials that can absorb electromagnetic wave energy projected onto its surface. In engineering applications, in addition to requiring a high absorption rate of electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band, the absorbing material is also required to have properties such as light weight, temperature resistance, moisture resistance, and corrosion resistance. Traditional absorbers, such as wedge-shaped materials, magnetic absorbers, and Salisbury absorbing screens, have defects such as high density, low operating temperature, or large thickness.
超材料是指一些具有天然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的人工复合结构或复合材料。以左手材料，光子晶体，频率选择表面为代表的超材料，在光学成像，小型化天线，电磁波隐形等领域有广泛的应用前景。而超材料吸波体由于其“薄、轻、强、带宽可调”等优势更是成为了当今吸波体研究的热点内容。Metamaterials refer to some artificial composite structures or composite materials with extraordinary physical properties that natural materials do not have. Metamaterials represented by left-handed materials, photonic crystals, and frequency-selective surfaces have broad application prospects in optical imaging, miniaturized antennas, and electromagnetic wave invisibility. Metamaterial absorbers have become a hot topic in current absorber research due to their advantages of "thinness, lightness, strength, and adjustable bandwidth".
2008年Landy等人研制出一种超材料吸收体，对于入射到其表面的电磁波既不反射也不透射，达到电磁波完全吸收的科学标准。但Landy提出的超材料吸波体存在以下两个方面的问题：In 2008, Landy et al. developed a metamaterial absorber, which neither reflects nor transmits electromagnetic waves incident on its surface, and meets the scientific standard of complete absorption of electromagnetic waves. However, the metamaterial absorber proposed by Landy has the following two problems:
1、要求入射电磁波的电场的方向与谐振器铜线方向保持平行，以激励磁谐振。当电场方向与铜线垂直时，几乎不具有吸波性，即对入射电磁波极化方向敏感；1. It is required that the direction of the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave be kept parallel to the direction of the copper wire of the resonator to excite the magnetic resonance. When the electric field direction is perpendicular to the copper wire, it has almost no wave absorption, that is, it is sensitive to the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave;
2、仅能在极窄的频带上实现对入射电磁波的完美吸收。2. It can only achieve perfect absorption of incident electromagnetic waves in a very narrow frequency band.
因此其应用价值受到了极大的限制。Therefore, its application value is greatly limited.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了解决传统超材料吸波体工作带宽窄，并且对入射电场波极化方向敏感的问题，现提供一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体。The present invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional metamaterial wave absorber has a narrow working bandwidth and is sensitive to the polarization direction of incident electric field waves, and now provides a metamaterial wave absorber that is not sensitive to broadband polarization.
一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体，该吸波体为周期性结构，一个单元的吸波体包括：谐振结构、介质板和铜箔；A broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber, the absorber is a periodic structure, and a unit absorber includes: a resonant structure, a dielectric plate and a copper foil;
所述谐振结构包括：开口谐振环和金属片；The resonance structure includes: a split resonator ring and a metal sheet;
所述开口谐振环和金属片均为矩形，开口谐振环的开口位于矩形环一边的中间位置，开口宽度在0.1mm至3.6mm之间；Both the split resonant ring and the metal sheet are rectangular, the opening of the split resonant ring is located in the middle of one side of the rectangular ring, and the opening width is between 0.1mm and 3.6mm;
金属片位于开口谐振环的环内，金属片的边与开口谐振环的边平行，金属片与开口谐振环之间的间隙在0.8mm至1.2mm之间；The metal sheet is located in the ring of the split resonator ring, the edges of the metal sheet are parallel to the sides of the split resonator ring, and the gap between the metal sheet and the split resonator ring is between 0.8mm and 1.2mm;
谐振结构固定在介质板的一面，所述开口谐振环的边与所述介质板平面的边呈45°夹角，铜箔覆盖在介质板的另一面。The resonant structure is fixed on one side of the dielectric board, the side of the split resonant ring forms an angle of 45° with the plane side of the dielectric board, and the copper foil is covered on the other side of the dielectric board.
本发明所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体，它包括：顶层谐振结构、中层介质板和底层铜箔，顶层谐振结构包括开口谐振环和位于环内的金属片；当电磁波入射到吸波体上时，谐振结构在该电磁波的波频下进行谐振，同时谐振结构周围产生磁场环路，该磁场环路使金属片和介质板上产生电流，从而使介质板产生介电损耗，同时金属片上也会产生欧姆损耗，电磁波的电磁能通过损耗转化为热能，从而实现对入射电磁波的损耗吸收，使吸波体对于不同极化方向的入射波均具有吸收作用，进而解决了吸波体对入射波极化方向敏感的问题。A broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber according to the present invention comprises: a top-layer resonant structure, a middle-layer dielectric plate and a bottom-layer copper foil, and the top-layer resonant structure includes a split resonant ring and a metal sheet located in the ring; When the electromagnetic wave is incident on the absorber, the resonant structure resonates at the wave frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and at the same time a magnetic field loop is generated around the resonant structure. At the same time, ohmic loss will also occur on the metal sheet. The electromagnetic energy of the electromagnetic wave is converted into heat energy through loss, so as to realize the loss absorption of the incident electromagnetic wave, so that the absorber can absorb the incident waves of different polarization directions, and then solve the problem. The problem that the absorber is sensitive to the polarization direction of the incident wave is solved.
本发明所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体在9.40GHz至18.60GHz的频率范围内，吸波体对水平极化波和垂直极化波的吸收率均达到60％以上，并在17.8GHz时达到吸收峰值99.999％。吸波体的工作带宽达到9.20GHz，相对带宽为65.71％，实现了宽带指标。In the frequency range of 9.40 GHz to 18.60 GHz, the broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in the present invention has an absorption rate of more than 60% for horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves. , and reached the absorption peak of 99.999% at 17.8GHz. The working bandwidth of the absorber reaches 9.20GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 65.71%, realizing the broadband index.
另外，本发明所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体是一种周期性结构，能够使用多个单元的吸波体排列在一起进行工作，通过改变单元个数，进而能够改变吸波体的工作频带。同时，本发明成本低廉，利用普通的PCB印刷技术便能够进行加工，适合大批量低成本生产。本发明所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体，适用于屏蔽电磁干扰和隐身技术等领域。In addition, a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in the present invention is a periodic structure, and absorbers with multiple units can be arranged to work together. By changing the number of units, it can further Change the operating frequency band of the absorber. At the same time, the invention has low cost and can be processed by ordinary PCB printing technology, and is suitable for mass production at low cost. The broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial wave absorber described in the invention is suitable for fields such as shielding electromagnetic interference and stealth technology.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体九个单元的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of nine units of a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber;
图2为一个单元的宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber of a unit;
图3为图2的仰视图；Fig. 3 is the bottom view of Fig. 2;
图4为一个单元的宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体的立体结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber of a unit;
图5为入射水平极化波时S参数曲线图，其中实线表示第一S参数曲线，虚线表示第二S参数曲线；Fig. 5 is the S parameter curve diagram when incident horizontally polarized wave, wherein the solid line represents the first S parameter curve, and the dotted line represents the second S parameter curve;
图6为入射垂直极化波时S参数曲线图，其中实线表示第一S参数曲线，虚线表示第二S参数曲线；Fig. 6 is the S-parameter curve diagram when incident vertically polarized waves, wherein the solid line represents the first S-parameter curve, and the dotted line represents the second S-parameter curve;
图7为入射水平极化波时吸波体的吸收率曲线图；Fig. 7 is the absorbance curve diagram of absorber when incident horizontally polarized wave;
图8为入射垂直极化波时吸波体的吸收率曲线图；Fig. 8 is the curve diagram of the absorption rate of the absorber when incident vertically polarized waves;
图9为10.20GHz时谐振结构表面的电流分布图；Figure 9 is a current distribution diagram on the surface of the resonant structure at 10.20 GHz;
图10为13.68GHz时谐振结构表面的电流分布图；Figure 10 is a current distribution diagram on the surface of the resonant structure at 13.68 GHz;
图11为17.80GHz时谐振结构表面的电流分布图。Fig. 11 is a diagram of the current distribution on the surface of the resonant structure at 17.80 GHz.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：参照图2、图3和图4具体说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体，该吸波体为周期性结构，一个单元的吸波体包括：谐振结构、介质板3和铜箔4；Specific Embodiment 1: Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, this embodiment will be described in detail. A broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in this embodiment has a periodic structure, and a The absorber of the unit includes: a resonant structure, a dielectric board 3 and a copper foil 4;
所述谐振结构包括：开口谐振环1和金属片2；The resonant structure includes: a split resonator ring 1 and a metal sheet 2;
所述开口谐振环1和金属片2均为矩形，开口谐振环1的开口位于矩形环一边的中间位置，开口宽度在0.1mm至3.6mm之间；The split resonant ring 1 and the metal sheet 2 are both rectangular, the opening of the split resonant ring 1 is located in the middle of one side of the rectangular ring, and the opening width is between 0.1 mm and 3.6 mm;
金属片2位于开口谐振环1的环内，金属片2的边与开口谐振环1的边平行，金属片2与开口谐振环1之间的间隙在0.8mm至1.2mm之间；The metal sheet 2 is located in the ring of the split resonant ring 1, the edge of the metal sheet 2 is parallel to the edge of the split resonant ring 1, and the gap between the metal sheet 2 and the split resonant ring 1 is between 0.8mm and 1.2mm;
谐振结构固定在介质板3的一面，铜箔4覆盖在介质板3的另一面。The resonant structure is fixed on one side of the dielectric board 3 , and the copper foil 4 is covered on the other side of the dielectric board 3 .
具体实施方式二：本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体作进一步说明，本实施方式中，所述金属片2为铜片。Embodiment 2: This embodiment is a further description of the broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the metal sheet 2 is a copper sheet.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式是对具体实施方式一或二所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体作进一步说明，本实施方式中，所述金属片的厚度为0.03mm。Specific embodiment three: This embodiment is a further description of a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in specific embodiment one or two. In this embodiment, the thickness of the metal sheet is 0.03mm .
具体实施方式四：本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体作进一步说明，本实施方式中，所述介质板3为FR4介质板，介电常数为4.3，损耗角的正切值为0.025。Embodiment 4: This embodiment is a further description of a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the dielectric board 3 is an FR4 dielectric board. The electrical constant is 4.3, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.025.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体作进一步说明，本实施方式中，所述介质板3为长方体，其长度与宽度之比在0.8至1.25之间。Embodiment 5: This embodiment is a further description of a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the dielectric plate 3 is a cuboid, and its length is the same as The width ratio is between 0.8 and 1.25.
在实际应用中，开口谐振环1的边与开口谐振环1所在介质板3平面的边夹角呈45°，此时一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体的吸收率达到最大。In practical applications, the angle between the edge of the split resonator 1 and the side of the plane of the dielectric plate 3 where the split resonator 1 is located is 45°, and at this time the absorption rate of a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber reaches the maximum.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式是对具体实施方式一、四或五七所述的种基于超材料的宽带极化不敏感吸波体作进一步说明，本实施方式中，所述介质板3的长为7.4mm，宽为7.4mm，高为1.6mm。Embodiment 6: This embodiment is to further explain the metamaterial-based broadband polarization-insensitive absorber described in Embodiments 1, 4, or 57. In this embodiment, the dielectric plate 3 The length is 7.4mm, the width is 7.4mm, and the height is 1.6mm.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式是对具体实施方式一所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体作进一步说明，本实施方式中，所述铜箔4的厚度为0.03mm。Embodiment 7: This embodiment is a further description of the broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber described in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the thickness of the copper foil 4 is 0.03 mm.
所述铜箔4防止将吸入吸波体内部的电磁波透射出介质板3。The copper foil 4 prevents the electromagnetic waves absorbed into the absorber from being transmitted out of the dielectric plate 3 .
本发明所述的基于表面渐变结构的宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体是一种周期性结构，能够使用多个单元的吸波体排列在一起进行工作，如图1为九个单元的吸波体排列的结构示意图。The broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber based on the surface gradient structure described in the present invention is a periodic structure, which can use multiple unit absorbers arranged together to work, as shown in Figure 1 for nine units Schematic diagram of the structure of the absorber arrangement.
将本吸波体构型按一定比例增大或减小后，能够实现在相对带宽不变的情况下，工作带宽向低频或高频移动，中心频率的计算公式满足：f＝f0/α，其中α为增大时的比例因子；例如：当α＝2时，即表示构型整体扩大为原来的2倍，当α＝0.5时，即表示构型缩小为原来的0.5倍。After the absorber configuration is increased or decreased by a certain ratio, the working bandwidth can be shifted to low frequency or high frequency under the condition of constant relative bandwidth, and the calculation formula of the center frequency satisfies: f=f0/α, Wherein α is the scaling factor when increasing; for example: when α=2, it means that the overall configuration is enlarged to 2 times of the original, and when α=0.5, it means that the configuration is reduced to 0.5 times of the original.
当电磁波入射到一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体上时，谐振结构在该电磁波的波频下进行谐振，同时谐振结构周围产生磁场环路，该磁场环路使金属片2和介质板3上产生电流，从而使介质板3产生介电损耗，同时金属片2上也会产生欧姆损耗，介电损耗是本发明所述吸波体的主要损耗方式；电磁波的电磁能通过损耗转化为热能，从而实现对入射电磁波的损耗吸收。入射的水平极化波和垂直极化波均能够激发谐振结构的谐振，使本发明所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体对于不同极化方向的入射波均具有吸收作用，从而解决了吸波体对入射波极化方向敏感的问题。When an electromagnetic wave is incident on a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber, the resonant structure resonates at the wave frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and a magnetic field loop is generated around the resonant structure, and the magnetic field loop makes the metal sheet 2 and Electric current is generated on the dielectric plate 3, so that the dielectric loss occurs on the dielectric plate 3, and ohmic loss also occurs on the metal sheet 2, and the dielectric loss is the main loss mode of the wave absorber of the present invention; the electromagnetic energy of the electromagnetic wave passes through the loss It is converted into heat energy, thereby realizing the loss absorption of incident electromagnetic waves. Both incident horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves can excite the resonance of the resonant structure, so that a broadband polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber of the present invention can absorb incident waves in different polarization directions , thus solving the problem that the absorber is sensitive to the polarization direction of the incident wave.
利用高频三维电磁场仿真软件对模型进行仿真，设置入射电磁波为水平极化波时，获得吸波体的S参数曲线如图5所示；设置入射电磁波为垂直极化波时，获得吸波体的S参数曲线如图6所示。利用吸波体吸收率的计算公式Use the high-frequency three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software to simulate the model. When the incident electromagnetic wave is set as a horizontally polarized wave, the S-parameter curve of the absorber is obtained as shown in Figure 5; when the incident electromagnetic wave is set as a vertically polarized wave, the absorber is obtained The S-parameter curve is shown in Fig. 6. Using the formula for calculating the absorption rate of the absorber
A(ω)＝1-|S11|2-|S21|2，A(ω)＝1-|S11 |2 -|S21 |2 ,
能够计算出吸波体的吸收率A(ω)，其中S11为第一S参数，S21为第二S参数。The absorption rate A(ω) of the absorber can be calculated, where S11 is the first S parameter, and S21 is the second S parameter.
入射波为水平极化波时吸波体的吸收率曲线，如图7所示；入射波为垂直极化波时吸波体的吸收率曲线，如图8所示。根据图7和图8所示，吸收体对水平极化波和垂直极化波的吸收效果是相同的。在9.40GHz至18.60GHz的频率范围内，吸波体对水平极化波和垂直极化波的吸收率均达到60％以上，并在17.8GHz时达到吸收峰值99.999％。吸波体的工作带宽达到9.20GHz，相对带宽为65.71％，实现了宽带指标。The absorption rate curve of the absorber when the incident wave is a horizontally polarized wave is shown in Figure 7; the absorption rate curve of the absorber when the incident wave is a vertically polarized wave is shown in Figure 8. According to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the absorption effect of the absorber on horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves is the same. In the frequency range from 9.40 GHz to 18.60 GHz, the absorption rate of the absorber for horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves reaches more than 60%, and reaches an absorption peak of 99.999% at 17.8 GHz. The working bandwidth of the absorber reaches 9.20GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 65.71%, realizing the broadband index.
本发明所述的一种宽带极化不敏感的超材料吸波体同时解决了传统超材料吸波体工作带宽窄。另外，通过改变谐振单元的尺寸，可以方便地改变吸波体的工作频带。The broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial wave absorber described in the invention simultaneously solves the problem of the narrow working bandwidth of the traditional metamaterial wave absorber. In addition, by changing the size of the resonant unit, the working frequency band of the absorber can be easily changed.
根据图9、图10和图11所示，当入射波的频率分别为10.20GHz，13.68GHz和17.80GHz时，吸波体的表面电流均很大，且吸波体的吸收率均能够达到峰值；由于频率普的叠加效应，最终使得吸波体实现了宽带上的强吸收作用。According to Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11, when the frequency of the incident wave is 10.20GHz, 13.68GHz and 17.80GHz respectively, the surface current of the absorber is very large, and the absorption rate of the absorber can reach the peak ; Due to the superposition effect of the frequency Pu, the absorber finally realizes the strong absorption on the broadband.
在入射波的入射角i分别为0°、10°、20°、30°、40°、50°和60°的情况下对吸波体进行仿真，分别获得水平极化波和垂直极化波的吸收率曲线，吸波体的吸收率随入射波的入射角的增大而减小。当入射角i≤50°时，吸波体吸收带宽从0°时的9.20GHz减小到8.10GHz，当i≥60°时，吸波体吸收效果降低，带宽也会变得不再连续。这说明，吸波体的工作时电磁波入射角宜保持在50°之内，以实现较好的吸收效果。The absorber is simulated when the incident angle i of the incident wave is 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60° respectively, and the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave are respectively obtained The absorption rate curve of the absorber decreases with the increase of the incident angle of the incident wave. When the incident angle i≤50°, the absorption bandwidth of the absorber decreases from 9.20GHz at 0° to 8.10GHz. When i≥60°, the absorption effect of the absorber decreases and the bandwidth becomes discontinuous. This shows that the incident angle of electromagnetic waves should be kept within 50° when the absorber is working, so as to achieve better absorption effect.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310682198.1ACN103647152B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | Broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial wave absorber |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310682198.1ACN103647152B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | Broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial wave absorber |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103647152A CN103647152A (en) | 2014-03-19 |
| CN103647152Btrue CN103647152B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201310682198.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103647152B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | Broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial wave absorber |
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| CN101540207A (en)* | 2009-04-15 | 2009-09-23 | 电子科技大学 | Slab wave-absorbing material |
| CN102856663A (en)* | 2012-08-24 | 2013-01-02 | 电子科技大学 | Metamaterial, broadband and infrared wave-absorbing structural material |
| CN102983409A (en)* | 2012-12-11 | 2013-03-20 | 电子科技大学 | High-transmissivity flat left-handed material |
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