CN103645731A - System for acquiring and storing vehicle data in real time - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种车辆数据实时采集和存储系统，由电源管理单元、单片机核心控制单元、实时时钟单元、数据采集单元、数据存储单元、数据传输单元、状态显示单元组成。数据存储单元包括NAND Flash单元和EEPROM单元两种，进行数据容错，具有大容量、长寿命的特点，车辆数据通过CAN总线模式和直接采集相结合的实时采集和存储的特点。该系统具有充足的模拟量信号采集通道、频率量信号采集通道和开关量信号采集通道，在车辆研发阶段可以根据需要，灵活采集各种临时添加的数据信号，能够满足多种类型车辆的使用需要。

The invention discloses a vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system, which is composed of a power management unit, a single-chip microcomputer core control unit, a real-time clock unit, a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a data transmission unit and a state display unit. The data storage unit includes two types of NAND Flash unit and EEPROM unit. It is data fault-tolerant and has the characteristics of large capacity and long life. The vehicle data has the characteristics of real-time collection and storage through the combination of CAN bus mode and direct collection. The system has sufficient analog signal acquisition channels, frequency signal acquisition channels and switch signal acquisition channels, and can flexibly collect various temporarily added data signals according to needs during the vehicle development stage, which can meet the needs of various types of vehicles. .

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种车辆数据实时采集和存储系统A vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种车辆数据实时采集和存储系统，用于车辆技术领域，主要用于车辆研发和使用过程中数据的采集和存储，通过获取车辆传感器信号，实时地将数据存储到内部的数据存储单元中或发送到上位机进行分析处理。The invention relates to a vehicle data real-time collection and storage system, which is used in the field of vehicle technology, and is mainly used for data collection and storage in the process of vehicle research and development and use. By acquiring vehicle sensor signals, the data is stored in the internal data storage in real time Unit or sent to the host computer for analysis and processing.

背景技术Background technique

现有的车辆数据采集和存储对于获取车辆状态，对维护管理和故障诊断十分必要。现有车载数据采集系统种类很多，但都无法满足车辆的实际研发需求。主要问题是现有的车辆数据采集系统功能有限，可以采集的传感器信号是固定的，无法根据实际需求进行灵活调整。Existing vehicle data collection and storage are necessary to obtain vehicle status, maintenance management and fault diagnosis. There are many types of vehicle-mounted data acquisition systems, but none of them can meet the actual research and development needs of vehicles. The main problem is that the existing vehicle data acquisition system has limited functions, and the sensor signals that can be collected are fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs.

现有的车辆数据采集存储系统大多采用外接的传感器或通信协议单独来采集车内的数据，没有合理利用车辆内部已有的传感器及相应的硬件电路。Most of the existing vehicle data acquisition and storage systems use external sensors or communication protocols to collect data in the vehicle alone, and do not make reasonable use of the existing sensors and corresponding hardware circuits inside the vehicle.

中国专利CN2864823Y公开了一种车辆数据记录仪，采用了Flash Memory作为存储设备，但只能记录16M的数据，存储容量小，且该记录仪无法将记录到的数据高效的传输到上位机进行后期的分析处理。Chinese patent CN2864823Y discloses a vehicle data recorder, using Flash Memory as a storage device, but it can only record 16M data, the storage capacity is small, and the recorder cannot efficiently transmit the recorded data to the host computer for post-processing analysis processing.

目前在车辆研发过程中使用的数据采集存储系统，基本都是根据指定的系统而专门设计的，适用范围窄，灵活性差。At present, the data acquisition and storage systems used in the vehicle research and development process are basically specially designed according to the specified system, with narrow application range and poor flexibility.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述数据采集存储系统中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种车辆数据实时采集和存储系统。Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned data collection and storage system, the present invention proposes a vehicle data real-time collection and storage system.

本系统具有独立的采集存储功能，通过数据采集单元采集车辆内部各传感器信号，并通过数据存储单元实时将数据存储于内部存储设备。数据采集完毕之后，系统通过U盘或SD卡将数据传输至上位机进行分析处理。为了兼容传统的数据采集存储方案，在采集数据的过程中，系统也可以通过USB总线，将数据实时发送到上位机进行分析显示。The system has an independent acquisition and storage function. The data acquisition unit collects the sensor signals inside the vehicle, and stores the data in the internal storage device in real time through the data storage unit. After the data collection is completed, the system transmits the data to the host computer through the U disk or SD card for analysis and processing. In order to be compatible with traditional data acquisition and storage schemes, during the process of data acquisition, the system can also send the data to the host computer for analysis and display in real time through the USB bus.

本发明为解决现有技术中存在的技术问题所采取的技术方案是：本发明的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统包括电源管理单元、单片机核心控制单元、实时时钟单元、数据采集单元、数据存储单元、数据传输单元、状态显示单元；数据采集单元通过CAN通信接口单元，接收车辆各控制子系统ECU采集到的数据，同时也可以通过模拟量信号采集通道、频率量信号采集通道和开关量信号采集通道，采集其他重要传感器的输出信号值，并将数据传输至单片机核心控制单元，单片机核心控制单元分析处理之后，将数据存储到数据存储单元。为了兼容传统的数据采集存储方案，单片机核心控制单元也可以通过USB总线，将数据直接发送到上位机进行分析显示。在车辆的研发过程中，为了满足研发需求可能会额外增加一些传感器，这些传感器信号的值控制系统的ECU一般不会采集，这种情况下系统中的各模拟量、频率量和开关量信号采集通道就可以发挥作用，满足车辆系统的研发需求。实时时钟单元通过实时时钟芯片准确记录数据采集开始的时间，方便数据传输过程中的文件管理和上位机的数据分析。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art is: the vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system of the present invention includes a power management unit, a single-chip microcomputer core control unit, a real-time clock unit, a data acquisition unit, and a data storage unit , data transmission unit, status display unit; the data acquisition unit receives the data collected by the ECU of each control subsystem of the vehicle through the CAN communication interface unit, and can also collect the data through the analog signal acquisition channel, frequency signal acquisition channel and switch signal acquisition The channel collects the output signal values of other important sensors and transmits the data to the core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer. After analysis and processing by the core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer, the data is stored in the data storage unit. In order to be compatible with the traditional data acquisition and storage scheme, the core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer can also directly send the data to the host computer for analysis and display through the USB bus. In the process of vehicle development, in order to meet the needs of research and development, some additional sensors may be added. The value of these sensor signals is generally not collected by the ECU of the control system. The channel can play a role to meet the research and development needs of the vehicle system. The real-time clock unit accurately records the start time of data acquisition through the real-time clock chip, which is convenient for file management and data analysis of the upper computer during data transmission.

数据存储单元包括NAND FLASH单元和EEPROM单元。NAND Flash作为大容量存储设备，用于存储采集的数据和对应的文件信息。EEPROM用于存储NAND Flash的坏块信息和地址映射信息，分别用于NAND Flash的坏块管理和损耗均衡管理。数据传输单元包括SD卡单元和USB单元，并设置有SD卡接口和USB接口，用于将存储的数据快速、灵活、方便的传输至上位机。USB单元可以通过USB总线直接与上位机连接，当系统工作与在线分析模式时，将采集到的数据直接发送到上位机进行实时分析显示。The data storage unit includes NAND FLASH unit and EEPROM unit. As a large-capacity storage device, NAND Flash is used to store collected data and corresponding file information. EEPROM is used to store bad block information and address mapping information of NAND Flash, which are used for bad block management and wear leveling management of NAND Flash respectively. The data transmission unit includes an SD card unit and a USB unit, and is provided with an SD card interface and a USB interface for fast, flexible and convenient transmission of the stored data to the host computer. The USB unit can be directly connected to the host computer through the USB bus. When the system is working in the online analysis mode, the collected data will be directly sent to the host computer for real-time analysis and display.

本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：本发明采用CAN总线进行数据采集，并保留了模拟量信号采集通道、频率量信号采集通道和开关量信号采集通道，不但可以获取车辆各控制子系统ECU中采集到的数据，而且还可以采集其他重要传感器的输出信号值，从而动态满足车辆系统的研发需求。本发明同时支持数据在线分析显示和数据离线同步存储两种模式。采集的数据采用综合性能非常好的NAND FLASH来存储，可以满足恶劣的环境要求，能够实现大容量的数据存储，该系统也可以通过USB总线将采集的数据直接发送到上位机进行分析处理。传统的数据采集存储系统完成数据存储之后，一般通过串口或CAN总线将NAND FLASH中存储的数据发送到上位机进行分析，这种方案传输效率低且非常不方便。该系统通过便携式设备U盘或SD卡将存储的数据传输到上位机，提高了传输效率且操作过程非常简单、方便，很好的解决了传统的数据传输方案存在的问题。该系统可以脱离上位机独立完成数据的存储操作，数据采集存储的过程中不需要人工的干预，可以满足复杂的环境要求，对于车辆各控制系统的长期实车试验非常方便。The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the present invention uses the CAN bus for data collection, and retains the analog signal collection channel, the frequency signal collection channel and the switch signal collection channel, not only can obtain the The collected data can also collect the output signal values of other important sensors, so as to dynamically meet the research and development needs of the vehicle system. The present invention simultaneously supports two modes of online analysis and display of data and offline synchronous storage of data. The collected data is stored by NAND FLASH with very good comprehensive performance, which can meet the harsh environmental requirements and realize large-capacity data storage. The system can also directly send the collected data to the host computer for analysis and processing through the USB bus. After the traditional data acquisition and storage system completes the data storage, the data stored in the NAND FLASH is generally sent to the host computer for analysis through the serial port or the CAN bus. This solution has low transmission efficiency and is very inconvenient. The system transmits the stored data to the host computer through the portable device U disk or SD card, which improves the transmission efficiency and the operation process is very simple and convenient, which solves the problems existing in the traditional data transmission scheme. The system can independently complete the data storage operation without the upper computer. The process of data collection and storage does not require manual intervention, and can meet complex environmental requirements. It is very convenient for long-term real vehicle tests of vehicle control systems.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统的结构框图；Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system of the present invention;

图2是本发明的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统的工作流程图。Fig. 2 is a working flow chart of the vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

图1所示本发明车辆数据实时采集和存储系统的结构框图，车辆数据实时采集和存储系统包括电源管理单元、单片机核心控制单元、实时时钟单元、数据采集单元、数据存储单元、数据传输单元、状态显示单元。其中电源管理单元为上述系统提供5V和3.3V的工作电源。单片机核心控制单元采用的是Freescale公司的32位微控制器MCF51JM128。单片机核心控制单元内置了各种功能模块，可实现AD转换、CAN通信、USB总线数据传输和SD卡读写等多种功能。The block diagram of vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system comprises power management unit, single-chip microcomputer core control unit, real-time clock unit, data acquisition unit, data storage unit, data transmission unit, Status display unit. Among them, the power management unit provides the working power of 5V and 3.3V for the above-mentioned system. What the core control unit of the one-chip computer adopts is the 32-bit microcontroller MCF51JM128 of Freescale Company. The core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer has built-in various functional modules, which can realize various functions such as AD conversion, CAN communication, USB bus data transmission, and SD card reading and writing.

数据采集单元通过CAN总线采集数据，并保留了模拟量信号采集通道、频率量信号采集通道和开关量信号采集通道，该系统的CAN接口与车辆控制系统的CAN总线连接，各模拟量、频率量和开关量信号采集通道。根据需要与相应的传感器输出电路相连，可保证数据完整采集。数据采集单元将数据传输至单片机核心控制单元，单片机核心控制单元分析处理采集到的数据之后，按照规定的格式将数据存储，单片机核心控制单元也可以将采集的数据直接发送到上位机进行分析存储。The data acquisition unit collects data through the CAN bus, and retains the analog signal acquisition channel, the frequency signal acquisition channel and the switch signal acquisition channel. The CAN interface of the system is connected to the CAN bus of the vehicle control system. And switch signal acquisition channel. Connect with the corresponding sensor output circuit as required to ensure complete data collection. The data acquisition unit transmits the data to the core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer. After analyzing and processing the collected data, the core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer stores the data according to the specified format. The core control unit of the single-chip microcomputer can also directly send the collected data to the upper computer for analysis and storage .

数据存储单元包括NAND FLASH单元和EEPROM单元。系统通过NAND FLASH单元存储采集的数据，记录数据采集开始的时间信息和数据的存储信息，同时通过EEPROM单元存储NAND FLASH的坏快信息和地址映射等相关的信息，保证NAND FLASH存储数据的性能。数据传输单元包括SD卡单元和USB单元，并设置有SD卡接口和USB接口。该系统通过数据存储单元中存储的文件信息和采集的数据，在SD卡或U盘中创建相应的文件，并将采集的数据复制到U盘或SD卡中，从而将数据传输至上位机进行分析处理。随着便携式设备的不断发展，在不影响系统基本的采集和存储功能的前提下，可以根据需要扩展系统的数据传输单元，更好的提高数据传输的效率。数据传输单元的硬件电路简单，不需要专门的接口芯片。The data storage unit includes NAND FLASH unit and EEPROM unit. The system stores the collected data through the NAND FLASH unit, records the time information of the start of data collection and the storage information of the data, and stores related information such as NAND FLASH fault information and address mapping through the EEPROM unit to ensure the performance of NAND FLASH storage data. The data transmission unit includes an SD card unit and a USB unit, and is provided with an SD card interface and a USB interface. The system creates corresponding files in the SD card or U disk through the file information and collected data stored in the data storage unit, and copies the collected data to the U disk or SD card, so as to transmit the data to the host computer for further processing. Analytical processing. With the continuous development of portable devices, without affecting the basic acquisition and storage functions of the system, the data transmission unit of the system can be expanded as needed to better improve the efficiency of data transmission. The hardware circuit of the data transmission unit is simple and does not require a special interface chip.

实时时钟单元准确记录数据采集开始的时间，用于为本次采集的数据创建文件信息，便于数据传输过程中的文件管理。系统可以通过串口与上位机通讯，上位机可以设置系统的参数，校正系统的时钟芯片，保证系统可以准确记录各条时间信息。The real-time clock unit accurately records the start time of data collection, and is used to create file information for the data collected this time, which facilitates file management during data transmission. The system can communicate with the host computer through the serial port, and the host computer can set the system parameters, correct the clock chip of the system, and ensure that the system can accurately record various time information.

本发明的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统的工作流程如图2所示，该系统通过CAN总线与车辆各控制子系统的ECU相连，采集车辆系统中各传感器信号，包括发动机转速、变速箱输入轴转速、变速箱输出轴转速、油门踏板位置、油温、油压、离合器位置等，之后将采集的数据存储到数据存储单元的NAND FLASH之中，或者通过USB总线将数据直接发送到上位机进行分析处理。存储量也可以根据实际需要灵活选用，目前最大存储量为32G。The working process of the vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2. The system is connected to the ECU of each control subsystem of the vehicle through the CAN bus, and collects each sensor signal in the vehicle system, including the engine speed and the input shaft of the gearbox. speed, gearbox output shaft speed, accelerator pedal position, oil temperature, oil pressure, clutch position, etc., and then store the collected data in the NAND FLASH of the data storage unit, or send the data directly to the host computer through the USB bus for further processing. Analytical processing. The storage capacity can also be flexibly selected according to actual needs, and the current maximum storage capacity is 32G.

为兼容传统的数据采集存储方案，该系统也支持将采集的数据实时发送的上位机进行分析处理，这主要应用于车辆控制系统的在线调试功能。系统通过以下方法向上位机传输存储数据：In order to be compatible with the traditional data acquisition and storage scheme, the system also supports the analysis and processing of the host computer that sends the collected data in real time, which is mainly used in the online debugging function of the vehicle control system. The system transmits the stored data to the upper computer through the following methods:

（1）将数据存储单元中存储的数据复制到SD卡中，通过SD卡将数据传输至上位机，数据以Fat32文件系统中二进制文件的形式复制到SD卡中，上位机可以直接识别，同时不会破坏SD卡的内部存储结构。(1) Copy the data stored in the data storage unit to the SD card, and transmit the data to the host computer through the SD card. The data is copied to the SD card in the form of a binary file in the Fat32 file system, and the host computer can directly recognize it. Will not destroy the internal storage structure of the SD card.

（2）将数据存储单元中存储的数据复制到U盘中，通过U盘将数据传输至上位机，数据同样以二进制文件的形式复制到U盘中，方便上位机的后期处理，提高数据传输的效率，也不会影响U盘的正常使用。(2) Copy the data stored in the data storage unit to the U disk, and transmit the data to the host computer through the U disk. The data is also copied to the U disk in the form of a binary file, which is convenient for the post-processing of the host computer and improves data transmission. The efficiency will not affect the normal use of the U disk.

（3）将数据存储单元中存储的数据通过USB总线发送到上位机进行分析处理，当系统的U盘传输或SD卡传输方案出现故障时，可以采用该方案来传输数据，保留并改进了传统的数据存储方案，提高了该系统的适应性和灵活性。(3) Send the data stored in the data storage unit to the host computer for analysis and processing through the USB bus. When the system’s U disk transmission or SD card transmission scheme fails, this scheme can be used to transmit data, retaining and improving the traditional The data storage scheme improves the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

当系统工作于在线分析显示模式时，单片机核心控制单元通过USB总线将采集处理后数据直接发送到上位机分析处理；当系统工作于离线同步存储模式时，单片机核心控制单元将数据保存至系统的数据存储单元，之后再通过数据传输单元将数据传输到上位机。When the system works in the online analysis and display mode, the single-chip core control unit directly sends the collected and processed data to the upper computer for analysis and processing through the USB bus; when the system works in the offline synchronous storage mode, the single-chip core control unit saves the data to the system The data storage unit, and then transmits the data to the host computer through the data transmission unit.

Claims (4)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种车辆数据实时采集和存储系统，系统由电源管理单元、单片机核心控制单元、实时时钟单元、数据采集单元、数据存储单元、数据传输单元、状态显示单元组成。系统具有车辆运行数据实时采集的功能，系统容量大，使用寿命长，以及采用车辆数据总线模式和直接采集相结合的实时采集特点。1. A vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system, the system is composed of a power management unit, a single-chip microcomputer core control unit, a real-time clock unit, a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a data transmission unit, and a status display unit. The system has the function of real-time collection of vehicle operation data, large system capacity, long service life, and the real-time collection characteristics of the combination of vehicle data bus mode and direct collection.2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统，其特征在于：数据存储单元包括NAND Flash单元和EEPROM单元两种，其中NAND Flash单元实现大容量存储，EEPROM模块用于存储NAND Flash的坏块信息和地址映射信息，分别用于NAND Flash的坏块管理和损耗均衡管理，实现长寿命。2. The vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data storage unit includes two kinds of NAND Flash unit and EEPROM unit, wherein the NAND Flash unit realizes large-capacity storage, and the EEPROM module is used to store NAND Flash The bad block information and address mapping information of NAND Flash are respectively used for bad block management and wear leveling management of NAND Flash to achieve long life.3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统，其特征在于：数据传输单元包括SD卡单元和USB单元两种，将在线存储和实时传输相结合，当系统工作与离线传输模式时，通过U盘或SD卡将采集存储的数据传输到上位机。3. The vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data transmission unit includes two kinds of SD card unit and USB unit, and online storage and real-time transmission are combined, when the system work and offline transmission mode , transfer the collected and stored data to the host computer through a U disk or SD card.4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆数据实时采集和存储系统，其特征在于：NAND Flash单元包含ECC算法、坏块管理算法和地址转换算法，保证NAND Flash的使用寿命，数据存储的准确性，降低数据存取过程中系统的消耗。4. The vehicle data real-time acquisition and storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the NAND Flash unit comprises ECC algorithm, bad block management algorithm and address conversion algorithm, guarantees the service life of NAND Flash, the accuracy of data storage, Reduce system consumption during data access.

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