CN103625264A - Composite energy storing type automotive assistance power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种复合储能的汽车助力发电系统，该系统由助力发电电机、整流/逆变器、主功率变换器、超级电容、辅助功率变换器、旁路开关、蓄电池、微处理器单元、起动机组成；该系统能够为发动机提供助力、可回收利用车辆动能并能实现发动机随时起停功能的汽车助力发电系统；有助于延长蓄电池寿命，且可实现各种排量发动机的城市路况随时起停功能，可降低车辆的油耗和排放；超级电容与功率变换器结合拓展了电机的适用范围，系统能够将车辆滑行及制动能量回收存储，也能在车辆起步及超车时为发动机提供助力，可在节油减排基础上进一步提高车辆的动力性。

The invention relates to a composite energy storage automobile power generation system, which consists of a power generation motor, a rectifier/inverter, a main power converter, a super capacitor, an auxiliary power converter, a bypass switch, a storage battery, and a microprocessor unit , starter; the system can provide power for the engine, can recycle the kinetic energy of the vehicle, and can realize the function of starting and stopping the engine at any time. The function of starting and stopping at any time can reduce the fuel consumption and emission of the vehicle; the combination of supercapacitor and power converter expands the scope of application of the motor. Boosting can further improve the power performance of the vehicle on the basis of fuel saving and emission reduction.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种复合储能的汽车助力发电系统A composite energy storage vehicle power generation system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种汽车助力发电系统，属于复合储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种复合储能的汽车助力发电系统。The invention relates to an automobile power-assisted power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of composite energy storage, in particular to a composite energy-storage power-assisted power generation system for automobiles.

背景技术Background technique

随着近年来汽车保有量的快速增加，传统汽车发动机的能耗和排放问题日益突出。德国博世等公司推出了汽车起停系统，主要通过加大起动机转矩提升发动机起动速度，实现怠速时发动机自动停机功能，以降低短时停车的油耗和排放，同时通过优化发电机效率，进一步降低汽车发动机的油耗。With the rapid increase of car ownership in recent years, the energy consumption and emission problems of traditional car engines have become increasingly prominent. Companies such as Bosch in Germany have launched a start-stop system for automobiles, which mainly increases the engine starting speed by increasing the starter torque, and realizes the function of automatically stopping the engine at idling speed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions during short-term parking. At the same time, by optimizing the efficiency of the generator, further Reduce the fuel consumption of the car engine.

然而，现有起停系统的性能依然有待提高，如起停系统只适用于城市拥堵工况，对于汽车连续行驶状况下的节能效果收效甚微；起停系统通常使用12V蓄电池储能，低电压限制了电机功率，在汽车起步及超车等工况下，起停系统不具备为发动机提供短时辅助动力的能力；起停系统中使用的铅酸电池充电速度慢，难以有效回收滑行及制动过程中的车辆动能。为解决上述问题，本发明提出的一种复合储能的汽车助力发电系统，该系统与发动机通过皮带连接并采用超级电容和蓄电池复合储能，可为发动机提供助力并能够回收汽车的动能。However, the performance of the existing start-stop system still needs to be improved. For example, the start-stop system is only suitable for urban congestion conditions, and has little effect on energy saving under continuous driving conditions; the start-stop system usually uses 12V battery energy storage, and the low-voltage The power of the motor is limited, and the start-stop system does not have the ability to provide short-term auxiliary power for the engine under the working conditions of starting and overtaking; the lead-acid battery used in the start-stop system has a slow charging speed, and it is difficult to effectively recover coasting and braking The kinetic energy of the vehicle in the process. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a composite energy storage vehicle power generation system, which is connected to the engine through a belt and adopts supercapacitor and battery composite energy storage, which can provide boost for the engine and can recover the kinetic energy of the vehicle.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供了一种复合储能的汽车助力发电系统，该系统由助力发电电机、整流/逆变器、主功率变换器、超级电容、辅助功率变换器、旁路开关、蓄电池、微处理器单元、起动机组成；其中，整流/逆变器的交流端口与助力发电电机的三相绕组连接，其直流端口与主功率变换器的高压侧及旁路开关的高压侧连接；主功率变换器的低压侧与旁路开关的低压侧、超级电容以及辅助功率变换器的高压侧连接；辅助功率变换器的低压侧与蓄电池、起动机连接；微处理器单元分别与整流/逆变器、主功率变换器、辅助功率变换器、旁路开关连接。该系统能够为发动机提供助力、可回收利用车辆动能并能实现发动机随时起停功能的汽车助力发电系统。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite energy storage vehicle booster power generation system, which consists of a booster generator motor, a rectifier/inverter, a main power converter, a super capacitor, an auxiliary power converter, a bypass switch, a storage battery, It consists of a microprocessor unit and a starter; among them, the AC port of the rectifier/inverter is connected to the three-phase winding of the power generator motor, and its DC port is connected to the high voltage side of the main power converter and the high voltage side of the bypass switch; The low-voltage side of the power converter is connected to the low-voltage side of the bypass switch, the supercapacitor and the high-voltage side of the auxiliary power converter; the low-voltage side of the auxiliary power converter is connected to the battery and the starter; the microprocessor unit is connected to the rectifier/inverter Converter, main power converter, auxiliary power converter, bypass switch connection. The system can provide boost for the engine, can recycle the kinetic energy of the vehicle, and can realize the function of starting and stopping the engine at any time.

为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为一种复合储能的汽车助力发电系统，其中，助力发电电机是电动/发电一体化的交流电机，其转轴通过皮带与发动机连接并传递动力；整流/逆变器可双向传递电能，其逆变状态对应助力发电电机电动运行，整流状态对应助力发电电机发电运行。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a composite energy storage automobile power generation system, wherein the power generation motor is an electric/power generation integrated AC motor, and its rotating shaft is connected to the engine through a belt and transmits power; rectification The /inverter can transmit electric energy bidirectionally, and its inverter state corresponds to the electric operation of the booster generator motor, and its rectification state corresponds to the power generation operation of the booster generator motor.

系统正常工作中超级电容电压V_cap高于蓄电池电压V_bat，即V_cap>V_bat。During normal operation of the system, the supercapacitor voltage V_cap is higher than the battery voltage V_bat , that is, V_cap >V_bat .

主功率变换器具有由超级电容到整流/逆变器方向的直流升压功能，辅助功率变换器具有由超级电容到蓄电池方向的直流降压功能。The main power converter has a DC step-up function from the supercapacitor to the rectifier/inverter, and the auxiliary power converter has a DC step-down function from the supercapacitor to the battery.

主功率变换器与辅助功率变换器至少二者之一具有向超级电容方向的直流降压功能。At least one of the main power converter and the auxiliary power converter has a DC step-down function towards the supercapacitor.

当主功率变换器具有由整流/逆变器到超级电容方向的降压功能时，其输入为母线电压V_bus，输出电压范围为0～V_cap，其中V_cap<V_bus。When the main power converter has the step-down function from the rectifier/inverter to the supercapacitor, its input is the bus voltage V_bus , and its output voltage ranges from 0 to V_cap , where V_cap < V_bus .

当辅助功率变换器具有由蓄电池到超级电容方向的降压功能时，其输入电压为V_bat，输出电压范围为0～V_bat；当辅助功率变换器具有由蓄电池到超级电容方向的降压功能时，还需具备同方向的升压功能，其输入电压为V_bat，输出电压范围为V_bat～V_cap，其中V_bat<V_cap<V_bus。When the auxiliary power converter has the function of stepping down from the battery to the supercapacitor, its input voltage is V_bat , and the output voltage range is 0 to V_bat ; when the auxiliary power converter has the function of stepping down from the battery to the supercapacitor , it also needs to have a boost function in the same direction, the input voltage is V_bat , and the output voltage range is V_bat ~ V_cap , where V_bat <V_cap <V_bus .

旁路开关具有断开和闭合两种工作状态，可实现对主功率变换器的旁路作用，对于特定结构的主功率变换器与辅助功率变换器，旁路开关可以缺省。The bypass switch has two working states of open and closed, which can realize the bypass function of the main power converter. For the main power converter and auxiliary power converter of a specific structure, the bypass switch can be defaulted.

蓄电池为起动机及车辆的电气负载提供电能。其中，对于特定结构的主功率变换器与辅助功率变换器，起动机可以缺省。The battery supplies power to the starter motor and the vehicle's electrical loads. Among them, for the main power converter and auxiliary power converter of a specific structure, the starter can be defaulted.

微处理器单元可检测并控制整流/逆变器、主功率变换器、辅助功率变换器和旁路开关的工作状态。The microprocessor unit detects and controls the working status of the rectifier/inverter, main power converter, auxiliary power converter and bypass switch.

含起动机的助力发电系统正常工作前的发动机冷起动及超级电容预充电过程，由蓄电池提供能量给起动机实现发动机起动，而后助力发电电机输出的电能经整流/逆变器和主功率变换器（或旁路开关）超级电容充电，直至达到满足助力发电电机能够为发动机提供助力所需的电压为止。During the cold start of the engine and the pre-charging process of the supercapacitor before the normal operation of the booster power generation system including the starter, the battery provides energy to the starter to start the engine, and then the power output by the booster generator motor passes through the rectifier/inverter and the main power converter (or bypass switch) the supercapacitor is charged until it reaches the voltage required for the boost generator motor to provide boost to the engine.

无起动机的助力发电系统正常工作前的发动机冷起动及超级电容预充电过程，由蓄电池经辅助功率变换器为超级电容充电，直至达到满足助力发电电机能够起动发动机所需的电压，而后超级电容储能经旁路开关（或主功率变换器）和整流/逆变器供给助力发电电机电动运行起动发动机，之后助力发电电机输出的电能经整流/逆变器和旁路开关为超级电容充电，直至达到满足助力发电电机能够为发动机提供助力所需的最低电压为止。In the process of engine cold start and supercapacitor precharging before the starterless booster power generation system works normally, the battery charges the supercapacitor through the auxiliary power converter until the voltage required by the booster generator motor to start the engine is reached, and then the supercapacitor The energy stored in the bypass switch (or main power converter) and rectifier/inverter is supplied to the booster generator motor to run and start the engine, and then the electric energy output by the booster generator motor is charged to the supercapacitor through the rectifier/inverter and bypass switch. Until it reaches the minimum voltage required for the boost generator motor to provide boost to the engine.

超级电容预充电完成后有V_cap>V_bat。After the supercapacitor is precharged, V_cap >V_bat .

系统正常工作中，车辆在起步、超车等工况下需要大扭矩时，助力发电电机电动运行为发动机提供助力，超级电容储能经主功率变换器和整流/逆变器供给助力发电电机，主功率变换器处于升压状态。该过程V_bus>V_cap。During the normal operation of the system, when the vehicle needs high torque during starting, overtaking and other working conditions, the power generator motor runs electrically to provide power for the engine. The power converter is in boost state. This process V_bus >V_cap .

系统正常工作中，超级电容储能不足时，助力发电电机工作于发电状态，通过整流/逆变器和主功率变换器（或旁路开关）为超级电容充电，直至达到满足助力发电电机能够为发动机提供助力所需的电压为止。During normal operation of the system, when the energy storage of the supercapacitor is insufficient, the booster generator motor works in the power generation state, and the supercapacitor is charged through the rectifier/inverter and the main power converter (or bypass switch) until it meets the requirements of the booster generator motor. The engine provides the required voltage for boosting.

系统正常工作中，车辆滑行或制动时，助力发电电机工作于发电状态，通过整流/逆变器和主功率变换器（或旁路开关）为超级电容充电，充电极限是达到超级电容额定电压。During the normal operation of the system, when the vehicle is coasting or braking, the power generator motor works in the power generation state, and charges the super capacitor through the rectifier/inverter and the main power converter (or bypass switch). The charging limit is to reach the rated voltage of the super capacitor .

系统正常工作中，蓄电池储能不足时，超级电容经辅助功率变换器为蓄电池充电，辅助功率变换器工作于降压状态。During the normal operation of the system, when the energy storage of the battery is insufficient, the supercapacitor charges the battery through the auxiliary power converter, and the auxiliary power converter works in a step-down state.

系统正常工作中，发动机热起动时，超级电容储能经旁路开关或主功率变换器和整流/逆变器供给助力发电电机电动运行。During the normal operation of the system, when the engine is hot-started, the energy stored in the supercapacitor is supplied to the power generator for electric operation through the bypass switch or the main power converter and rectifier/inverter.

与现有技术相比本发明具有如下有益效果。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

1、超级电容承担大电流充放电功能，蓄电池为车辆电气负载供电，有助于延长蓄电池寿命。1. The supercapacitor undertakes the function of high-current charging and discharging, and the battery supplies power to the vehicle's electrical load, which helps to prolong the life of the battery.

2、普通铅酸蓄电池和起动机即可满足应用要求，系统成本降低，同时超级电容电压等级提高，储能能力增强，可匹配大功率电机，可实现各种排量发动机的城市路况随时起停功能，可降低车辆的油耗和排放。2. Ordinary lead-acid batteries and starters can meet the application requirements, and the system cost is reduced. At the same time, the voltage level of the super capacitor is increased, and the energy storage capacity is enhanced. It can be matched with high-power motors, and it can start and stop at any time in urban road conditions for engines of various displacements. function, which can reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of the vehicle.

3、超级电容与功率变换器结合拓展了电机的适用范围，系统能够将车辆滑行及制动能量回收存储，也能在车辆起步及超车时为发动机提供助力，可在节油减排基础上进一步提高车辆的动力性。3. The combination of supercapacitor and power converter expands the scope of application of the motor. The system can recover and store the vehicle's sliding and braking energy, and can also provide assistance to the engine when the vehicle starts and overtakes, which can further improve fuel economy and emission reduction. Improve vehicle dynamics.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为复合储能的助力发电系统结构图。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a booster power generation system with composite energy storage.

图2为含起动机的助力发电系统组成图。Figure 2 is a composition diagram of the booster power generation system including the starter.

图3为无起动机的助力发电系统组成图。Fig. 3 is a composition diagram of a booster power generation system without a starter.

图中：1、助力发电电机；2、整流/逆变器；3、主功率变换器；4、超级电容；5、辅助功率变换器；6、旁路开关；7、蓄电池；8、微处理器单元；9、起动机；11、电气负载；12、发动机。In the figure: 1. Power generator motor; 2. Rectifier/inverter; 3. Main power converter; 4. Supercapacitor; 5. Auxiliary power converter; 6. Bypass switch; 7. Battery; 8.Microprocessing 9. Starter; 11. Electrical load; 12. Engine.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示为复合储能的助力发电系统组成图，该复合储能助力发电系统系统由助力发电电机1、整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3、超级电容4、辅助功率变换器5、旁路开关6、蓄电池7、微处理器单元8、起动机9组成；发动机12用以传递动力，电气负载11为系统负载；其中，助力发电电机1是电动/发电一体化的交流电机，电机转轴通过皮带与发动机12连接以传递动力；整流/逆变器2可双向传递电能，其逆变状态对应助力发电电机1电动运行，整流状态对应助力发电电机1发电运行；整流/逆变器2的交流端口与助力发电电机1的三相绕组连接，其直流端口与主功率变换器3的高压侧及旁路开关6的高压侧连接；主功率变换器3的低压侧与旁路开关6的低压侧、超级电容4以及辅助功率变换器5的高压侧连接；辅助功率变换器5的低压侧与蓄电池7、起动机9连接；微处理器单元8分别与整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3、辅助功率变换器5、旁路开关6连接。Figure 1 shows the composition diagram of the composite energy storage power generation system. The composite energy storage power generation system consists of a power generation motor 1, a rectifier/inverter 2, a main power converter 3, a supercapacitor 4, and an auxiliary power conversion 5, bypass switch 6, battery 7, microprocessor unit 8, and starter 9; the engine 12 is used to transmit power, and the electrical load 11 is the system load; among them, the power generator motor 1 is an electric/power generation integrated AC The motor, the motor shaft is connected to the engine 12 through a belt to transmit power; the rectifier/inverter 2 can transmit electric energy bidirectionally, its inverter state corresponds to the electric operation of the power generator motor 1, and the rectification state corresponds to the power generation operation of the power generator motor 1; the rectifier/inverter The AC port of the converter 2 is connected to the three-phase winding of the power generator motor 1, and its DC port is connected to the high voltage side of the main power converter 3 and the high voltage side of the bypass switch 6; the low voltage side of the main power converter 3 is connected to the bypass switch 6 The low-voltage side of the switch 6 is connected to the high-voltage side of the supercapacitor 4 and the auxiliary power converter 5; the low-voltage side of the auxiliary power converter 5 is connected to the battery 7 and the starter 9; the microprocessor unit 8 is respectively connected to the rectifier/inverter 2 , the main power converter 3, the auxiliary power converter 5, and the bypass switch 6 are connected.

超级电容4需同时满足为助力发电电机1提供电能供其电动运行或存储助力发电电机1发出的电能、为蓄电池7充电的功能，因此，正常工作中的超级电容4电压V_cap高于蓄电池7电压V_bat，即V_cap>V_bat；另外，母线电压V_bus最大值应较高，有助于减小助力发电电机1的工作电流、提高其效率并降低整流/逆变器2的成本；可选择V_bus最高电压等级为42V。Thesupercapacitor 4 needs to meet the function of providing electric energy for thepower generator motor 1 for its electric operation or storing the electric energy generated by thepower generator motor 1 and charging thebattery 7 at the same time. Therefore, the voltage V_cap of thesupercapacitor 4 in normal operation is higher than that of thebattery 7 Voltage V_bat , that is, V_cap >V_bat ; in addition, the maximum value of the bus voltage V_bus should be relatively high, which helps to reduce the operating current of thebooster motor 1, improve its efficiency and reduce the cost of the rectifier/inverter 2; The highest voltage level of V_bus can be selected as 42V.

主功率变换器3具有由超级电容4到整流/逆变器2方向的直流升压功能，其输入电压为V_cap，输出电压为V_bus。Themain power converter 3 has a DC step-up function from thesupercapacitor 4 to the rectifier/inverter 2, its input voltage is V_cap , and its output voltage is V_bus .

辅助功率变换器5具有由超级电容4到蓄电池7方向的直流降压功能，其输入电压为V_cap，输出电压为V_bat。Theauxiliary power converter 5 has a DC step-down function from thesupercapacitor 4 to thebattery 7 , its input voltage is V_cap , and its output voltage is V_bat .

主功率变换器3与辅助功率变换器5至少二者之一具有向超级电容4方向的直流降压功能；当主功率变换器3具有由整流/逆变器2到超级电容4方向的降压功能时，其输入为母线电压V_bus，输出电压范围为0～V_cap，其中V_cap<V_bus；当辅助功率变换器5具有由蓄电池7到超级电容4方向的降压功能时，其输入电压为V_bat，输出电压范围为0～V_bat；当辅助功率变换器5具有由蓄电池7到超级电容4方向的降压功能时，还需具备同方向的升压功能，其输入电压为V_bat，输出电压范围为V_bat～V_cap，其中V_bat<V_cap<V_bus。At least one of themain power converter 3 and theauxiliary power converter 5 has a DC step-down function in the direction of thesuper capacitor 4; when themain power converter 3 has a step-down function from the rectifier/inverter 2 to the direction of the super capacitor When , its input is the bus voltage V_bus , and its output voltage ranges from 0 to V_cap , where V_cap < V_bus ; when theauxiliary power converter 5 has the step-down function from thebattery 7 to thesupercapacitor 4, its input voltage is V_bat , and the output voltage range is 0 to V_bat ; when theauxiliary power converter 5 has a step-down function from thebattery 7 to thesupercapacitor 4, it also needs to have a step-up function in the same direction, and its input voltage is V_bat , the output voltage ranges from V_bat to V_cap , where V_bat <V_cap <V_bus .

旁路开关6具有断开和闭合两种工作状态，可实现对主功率变换器3的旁路作用，对于特定结构的主功率变换器3与辅助功率变换器5，旁路开关6可以缺省。Thebypass switch 6 has two working states of open and closed, which can realize the bypass function for themain power converter 3. For themain power converter 3 andauxiliary power converter 5 of a specific structure, thebypass switch 6 can be defaulted .

微处理器单元8可检测整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3、辅助功率变换器5和旁路开关6的工作状态，并通过控制上述部件中的开关器件改变其工作状态。Themicroprocessor unit 8 can detect the working status of the rectifier/inverter 2, themain power converter 3, theauxiliary power converter 5 and thebypass switch 6, and change the working status by controlling the switching devices in the above components.

发动机12冷起动及超级电容4预充电时，对于含起动机9的系统，由蓄电池7为起动机9提供能量，发动机起动后助力发电电机1输出电能，经整流/逆变器2为超级电容4预充电；对于不含起动机9的系统，由蓄电池7经辅助功率变换器5为超级电容4预充电，超级电容4经整流/逆变器2为助力发电电机1提供电能供其电动运行起动发动机12。When theengine 12 is cold started and thesupercapacitor 4 is precharged, for the system including thestarter 9, thebattery 7 provides energy for thestarter 9, and after the engine starts, thepower generator motor 1 outputs electric energy, which is converted into a supercapacitor by the rectifier/inverter 2 4 pre-charging; for a system without astarter 9, thebattery 7 pre-charges thesupercapacitor 4 through theauxiliary power converter 5, and thesupercapacitor 4 provides electric energy for the power-assistedgenerator motor 1 through the rectification/inverter 2 for its electric operation Theengine 12 is started.

车辆在需要大扭矩如起步、超车工况，助力发电电机1电动运行为发动机12提供助力，主功率变换器3处于升压状态，超级电容4的储能经主功率变换器3和整流/逆变器2供给助力发电电机1，超级电容4持续释放能量，其电压V_cap逐渐降低。When the vehicle needs a large torque such as starting and overtaking, thepower generator motor 1 runs electrically to provide power to theengine 12, themain power converter 3 is in a boost state, and the energy storage of thesupercapacitor 4 is passed through themain power converter 3 and rectified/inverted Theconverter 2 supplies power to thepower generator motor 1, and thesupercapacitor 4 continuously releases energy, and its voltage V_cap gradually decreases.

车辆滑行、制动工况下或超级电容4储能不足时，助力发电电机1均工作于发电状态，通过整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3或旁路开关6为超级电容4充电；超级电容4储能不足正常充电至助力发电电机1为发动机12提供辅助动力所需电压V_cap为止；车辆滑行及制动能量回收进超级电容4时，储能极限为超级电容4的电压达到其额定值。When the vehicle is coasting, braking or when the energy storage of thesupercapacitor 4 is insufficient, thepower generator motor 1 works in the power generation state, and thesupercapacitor 4 is charged through the rectifier/inverter 2, themain power converter 3 or thebypass switch 6 Thesupercapacitor 4 energy storage is insufficient and normally charged until thepower generator motor 1 provides the required voltage V_cap for theengine 12; when the vehicle slides and brakes energy recovery into thesupercapacitor 4, the energy storage limit is that the voltage of thesupercapacitor 4 reaches its rated value.

蓄电池储能不足时，超级电容4经辅助功率变换器5为蓄电池7充电。When the battery energy storage is insufficient, thesupercapacitor 4 charges thebattery 7 through theauxiliary power converter 5 .

发动机热起动时，超级电容4的储能经旁路开关6或主功率变换器3和整流/逆变器2供给助力发电电机1电动运行。When the engine is hot started, the energy stored in thesupercapacitor 4 is supplied to the power-assistedgenerator motor 1 for electric operation through thebypass switch 6 or themain power converter 3 and the rectifier/inverter 2 .

如图2所示为含起动机的助力发电系统组成图，该助力发电系统由助力发电电机1、整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3、超级电容4、辅助功率变换器5、旁路开关6、蓄电池7、微处理器单元8、起动机9组成；其中，由T21～T26共六个开关器件连接组成具有三个桥臂的三相整流/逆变桥式电路，各桥臂中点分别与助力发电电机1的三相绕组连接；主功率变换器3由T31、T32两个开关器件和电感L3连接而成，构成双向升降压变换器；辅助功率变换器5由开关器件T5、二极管D51、D52以及电感L5连接而成，T5、D51和L5共同组成降压变换器；辅助功率变换器5中还设置有二极管D52，正向连接于超级电容4和开关器件T5之间，作用是避免蓄电池7与低电压时的超级电容4构成放电回路造成电能损失，二极管D52也可以用开关器件替代；旁路开关6由开关器件T6实现，当主功率变换器3为双向升降压变换器时，开关6可以省去，靠主功率变换器3配合也能完成相关功能，但功率变换器3连续工作会增加系统功耗。As shown in Figure 2, the composition diagram of the booster power generation system including the starter motor is shown. circuit switch 6, storage battery 7, microprocessor unit 8, and starter 9; among them, a total of six switching devices T21 to T26 are connected to form a three-phase rectification/inversion bridge circuit with three bridge arms, and each bridge arm The midpoints are respectively connected to the three-phase windings of the booster generator motor 1; the main power converter 3 is formed by connecting two switching devices T31 and T32 and the inductor L3 to form a bidirectional buck-boost converter; the auxiliary power converter 5 is composed of switching devices T5, diodes D51, D52 and inductor L5 are connected together, and T5, D51 and L5 together form a step-down converter; the auxiliary power converter 5 is also provided with a diode D52, which is positively connected between the supercapacitor 4 and the switching device T5 , the function is to prevent the storage battery 7 and the supercapacitor 4 at low voltage from forming a discharge circuit to cause power loss, and the diode D52 can also be replaced by a switching device; the bypass switch 6 is realized by the switching device T6, when the main power converter 3 is a bidirectional buck-boost In the converter, the switch 6 can be omitted, and the relevant functions can also be completed by the cooperation of the main power converter 3, but the continuous operation of the power converter 3 will increase the power consumption of the system.

发动机12冷起动时，蓄电池7为起动机9供电，辅助功率变换器5中的T5处于关断状态，超级电容4与蓄电池7之间无能量交换。发动机12起动后，助力发电电机1通过整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3或旁路开关6为超级电容4进行预充电，直至达到助力发电电机1为发动机12提供助力所需电压；预充电过程中，当超级电容4初始电压很低时，旁路开关6关断，主功率变换器3工作于由整流/逆变器2到超级电容4方向的降压模式；当超级电容4电压与整流/逆变器2输出电压接近时，旁路开关6闭合，旁路主功率变换器3，可降低系统功耗；预充电完成后，辅助功率变换器5进入正常降压工作模式。When theengine 12 is cold-started, thebattery 7 supplies power to thestarter 9 , the T5 in theauxiliary power converter 5 is in an off state, and there is no energy exchange between thesupercapacitor 4 and thebattery 7 . After theengine 12 is started, theboost generator motor 1 precharges thesupercapacitor 4 through the rectifier/inverter 2, themain power converter 3 or thebypass switch 6, until theboost generator motor 1 provides the required voltage for boosting theengine 12; During the pre-charging process, when the initial voltage of thesupercapacitor 4 is very low, thebypass switch 6 is turned off, and themain power converter 3 works in the step-down mode from the rectifier/inverter 2 to the direction of thesupercapacitor 4; when thesupercapacitor 4 When the voltage is close to the output voltage of the rectifier/inverter 2, thebypass switch 6 is closed to bypass themain power converter 3, which can reduce system power consumption; after the pre-charging is completed, theauxiliary power converter 5 enters the normal step-down working mode.

助力发电电机1为发动机提供助力时，旁路开关6关断，主功率变换器3处于由超级电容4到整流/逆变器2的升压状态，超级电容4的储能经主功率变换器3和整流/逆变器2供给助力发电电机1电动运行。When thebooster generator motor 1 provides boost for the engine, thebypass switch 6 is turned off, themain power converter 3 is in the boost state from thesupercapacitor 4 to the rectifier/inverter 2, and the energy stored in thesupercapacitor 4 passes through themain power converter 3 and the rectifier/inverter 2 supply the powerboost generator motor 1 for electric operation.

车辆滑行、制动或超级电容4储能不足时，助力发电电机1均工作于发电状态，通过整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3或旁路开关6为超级电容4充电；当超级电容4电压较低时，旁路开关6关断，主功率变换器3工作于由整流/逆变器2到超级电容4方向的降压模式；当超级电容4电压与整流/逆变器2输出电压接近时，旁路开关6闭合。When the vehicle is coasting, braking or the energy storage of thesupercapacitor 4 is insufficient, thebooster generator motor 1 is working in the power generation state, and thesupercapacitor 4 is charged through the rectifier/inverter 2, themain power converter 3 or thebypass switch 6; when thesupercapacitor 4 When the voltage of thecapacitor 4 is low, thebypass switch 6 is turned off, and themain power converter 3 works in the step-down mode from the rectifier/inverter 2 to the direction of thesupercapacitor 4; When the output voltage is close, thebypass switch 6 is closed.

发动机12热起动时，超级电容4的储能经主功率变换器3或旁路开关6和整流/逆变器2供给助力发电电机1电动运行。When theengine 12 is hot started, the energy stored in thesupercapacitor 4 is supplied to the power-assistedgenerator motor 1 for electric operation through themain power converter 3 or thebypass switch 6 and the rectifier/inverter 2 .

如图3所示为无起动机的助力发电系统组成图，该助力发电系统由助力发电电机1、整流/逆变器2、主功率变换器3、超级电容4、辅助功率变换器5、旁路开关6、蓄电池7、微处理器单元8组成；其中，由T21～T26共六个开关器件连接组成具有三个桥臂的三相整流/逆变桥式电路，各桥臂中点分别与助力发电电机1的三相绕组连接；主功率变换器3由二极管D31、开关器件T32和电感L3连接而成，构成升压变换器；辅助功率变换器5由开关器件T51～T53、二极管D51以及电感L5连接而成，T51、T52和L5共同构成双向变换器，T53、D51和L5共同构成降压变换器；旁路开关6由开关器件T6实现。As shown in Figure 3, the composition diagram of the booster power generation system without a starter is shown.circuit switch 6,battery 7, andmicroprocessor unit 8; among them, a total of six switching devices T21 to T26 are connected to form a three-phase rectification/inversion bridge circuit with three bridge arms, and the midpoints of each bridge arm are respectively connected to The three-phase winding of thebooster generator motor 1 is connected; themain power converter 3 is formed by connecting the diode D31, the switching device T32 and the inductor L3 to form a boost converter; theauxiliary power converter 5 is composed of the switching devices T51-T53, the diode D51 and Inductor L5 is connected, T51, T52 and L5 together form a bidirectional converter, T53, D51 and L5 together form a step-down converter;bypass switch 6 is realized by switching device T6.

发动机12冷起动前，蓄电池7通过辅助功率变换器5为超级电容4预充电；当超级电容4初始电压很低时，辅助功率变换器5中的开关器件T51、T52关断，T53、D51和L5构成的降压变换器工作于由蓄电池7到超级电容4方向的降压模式；当超级电容4与蓄电池7电压接近时，T53持续导通，T51、T52和L5构成的双向变换器工作于由蓄电池7到超级电容4方向的升压模式，直至达到助力发电电机1起动发动机12所需电压。Before the cold start of theengine 12, thebattery 7 precharges thesupercapacitor 4 through theauxiliary power converter 5; when the initial voltage of thesupercapacitor 4 is very low, the switching devices T51 and T52 in theauxiliary power converter 5 are turned off, and T53, D51 and The buck converter composed of L5 works in the step-down mode from thebattery 7 to thesupercapacitor 4; when the voltage of thesupercapacitor 4 and thebattery 7 is close, T53 is continuously turned on, and the bidirectional converter composed of T51, T52 and L5 works in the The boost mode from thestorage battery 7 to the direction of thesupercapacitor 4 until the voltage required by thebooster generator motor 1 to start theengine 12 is reached.

发动机12冷起动和热起动时，超级电容4的储能经主功率变换器3或旁路开关6和整流/逆变器2供给助力发电电机1电动运行。When theengine 12 is started cold or hot, the energy stored in thesupercapacitor 4 is supplied to thepower generator motor 1 for electric operation through themain power converter 3 or thebypass switch 6 and the rectifier/inverter 2 .

车辆滑行、制动或超级电容4储能不足时，助力发电电机1均工作于发电状态，通过整流/逆变器2、旁路开关6为超级电容4充电。When the vehicle is coasting, braking or the energy storage of thesupercapacitor 4 is insufficient, thebooster generator motor 1 works in the power generation state, and thesupercapacitor 4 is charged through the rectifier/inverter 2 and thebypass switch 6 .

助力发电电机1为发动机提供助力时，旁路开关6关断，主功率变换器3处于由超级电容4到整流/逆变器2的升压状态，超级电容4的储能经主功率变换器3和整流/逆变器2供给助力发电电机1电动运行。When thebooster generator motor 1 provides boost for the engine, thebypass switch 6 is turned off, themain power converter 3 is in the boost state from thesupercapacitor 4 to the rectifier/inverter 2, and the energy stored in thesupercapacitor 4 passes through themain power converter 3 and the rectifier/inverter 2 supply the powerboost generator motor 1 for electric operation.

蓄电池7储能不足时，超级电容4经辅助功率变换器5为其充电；辅助功率变换器5中的开关器件T53关断，T51、T52和L5构成的双向变换器工作于由超级电容4到蓄电池7方向的降压模式。When thestorage battery 7 is insufficient, thesupercapacitor 4 is charged by theauxiliary power converter 5; the switching device T53 in theauxiliary power converter 5 is turned off, and the bidirectional converter composed of T51, T52 and L5 works from thesupercapacitor 4 to The step-down mode of thebattery 7 direction.

Claims (4)

1. an automobile power-assisted power generating system for composite energy storage, is characterized in that: composite energy storage power-assisted power generating system is comprised of power-assisted electric generator (1), rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3), super capacitor (4), auxiliary power changer (5), by-pass switch (6), storage battery (7), microprocessor unit (8), starter (9); Driving engine (12) is in order to transferring power, and electrical load (11) is system load; Wherein, power-assisted electric generator (1) is electronic/generating integrated alternating current dynamo, and machine shaft is connected with transferring power with driving engine (12) by belt; Rectification/inverter (2) can bi-directional electric energy, corresponding power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation of its inverter mode, corresponding power-assisted electric generator (1) generator operation of rectification state; The interchange port of rectification/inverter (2) is connected with three phase windings of power-assisted electric generator (1), and its DC port is connected with the high pressure side of main power inverter (3) and the high pressure side of by-pass switch (6); The low pressure side of main power inverter (3) is connected with the high pressure side of the low pressure side of by-pass switch (6), super capacitor (4) and auxiliary power changer (5); The low pressure side of auxiliary power changer (5) is connected with storage battery (7), starter (9); Microprocessor unit (8) is connected with rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3), auxiliary power changer (5), by-pass switch (6) respectively;

Super capacitor (4) need meet simultaneously for power-assisted electric generator (1) provide electric energy for its electric operation or the electric energy that sends of storage power-assisted electric generator (1), be the function of storage battery (7) charging, therefore, the super capacitor in normal operation (4) voltage V_caphigher than storage battery (7) voltage V_bat, i.e. V_cap>V_bat; In addition, bus voltage V_busmaxim should be higher, contribute to reduce power-assisted electric generator (1) working current, improve its efficiency and reduce the cost of rectification/inverter (2);

Main power inverter (3) has the DC boosting function to rectification/inverter (2) direction by super capacitor (4), and its input voltage is V_cap, output voltage is V_bus;

Auxiliary power changer (5) has the DC decompression function to storage battery (7) direction by super capacitor (4), and its input voltage is V_cap, output voltage is V_bat;

Main power inverter (3) and auxiliary power changer (5) at least the two one of have to the DC decompression function of super capacitor (4) direction; When main power inverter (3) has by rectification/inverter (2) to the buck functionality of super capacitor (4) direction, it is input as bus voltage V_bus, output voltage range is 0～V_cap, V wherein_cap<V_bus; When auxiliary power changer (5) has by storage battery (7) to the buck functionality of super capacitor (4) direction, its input voltage is V_bat, output voltage range is 0～V_bat; When auxiliary power changer (5) has by storage battery (7) to the buck functionality of super capacitor (4) direction, also need to possess equidirectional boost function, its input voltage is V_bat, output voltage range is V_bat～V_cap, V wherein_bat<V_cap<V_bus;

By-pass switch (6) has disconnection and closed two kinds of mode of operations, can realize the Bypass Control to main power inverter (3), and for main power inverter (3) and the auxiliary power changer (5) of ad hoc structure, by-pass switch (6) can be default;

Microprocessor unit (8) can detect the mode of operation of rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3), auxiliary power changer (5) and by-pass switch (6), and changes its mode of operation by the binistor of controlling in above-mentioned parts;

When driving engine (12) cold start and super capacitor (4) precharge, for the system containing starter (9), by storage battery (7), for starter (9), provide energy, after engine starting, power-assisted electric generator (1) output electric energy, is super capacitor (4) precharge through rectification/inverter (2); For not containing the system of starter (9), by storage battery (7), through auxiliary power changer (5), be super capacitor (4) precharge, super capacitor (4) supplies its electric operation fire an engine (12) through rectification/inverter (2) for power-assisted electric generator (1) provides electric energy;

Vehicle needs high pulling torque as starting, the operating mode of overtaking other vehicles, power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation is that driving engine (12) provides power-assisted, main power inverter (3) is in pressure-increasning state, the energy storage of super capacitor (4) is supplied with power-assisted electric generator (1) through main power inverter (3) and rectification/inverter (2), super capacitor (4) continuous energy release, its voltage V_capreduce gradually;

Under vehicle sliding, damped condition or when super capacitor (4) energy storage is not enough, power-assisted electric generator (1) all works in generating state, by rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3) or by-pass switch (6), be that super capacitor (4) charges; Super capacitor (4) energy storage deficiency charges normal to power-assisted electric generator (1) and provides auxiliary power required voltage V for driving engine (12)_captill; When vehicle sliding and braking energy reclaim into super capacitor (4), the energy storage limit is that the voltage of super capacitor (4) reaches its rated value;

When batteries to store energy is not enough, super capacitor (4) is storage battery (7) charging through auxiliary power changer (5);

During engine thermal starting, the energy storage of super capacitor (4) is through by-pass switch (6) or main power inverter (3) and rectification/inverter (2) supply power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation.

2. the automobile power-assisted power generating system of a kind of composite energy storage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when power-assisted power generating system contains starter, this system is comprised of power-assisted electric generator (1), rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3), super capacitor (4), auxiliary power changer (5), by-pass switch (6), storage battery (7), microprocessor unit (8), starter (9); Wherein, by T21～T26 totally six binistors connect to form three phase rectifier/inversion bridge circuit with three brachium pontis, each brachium pontis mid point is connected with three phase windings of power-assisted electric generator (1) respectively; Main power inverter (3) is formed by connecting by T31, two binistors of T32 and inductance L 3, forms bidirectional Buck-Boost converter; Auxiliary power changer (5) is formed by connecting by switching element T 5, diode D51, D52 and inductance L 5, and T5, D51 and L5 form buck converter jointly; Auxiliary power changer is also provided with diode D52 in (5), forward is connected between super capacitor (4) and switching element T 5, effect is that super capacitor (4) the formation discharge loop while avoiding storage battery (7) with low voltage causes energy loss, and diode D52 also can substitute with binistor; By-pass switch (6) is realized by switching element T 6;

During driving engine (12) cold start, storage battery (7) is starter (9) power supply, and the T5 in auxiliary power changer (5) is in off state, and between super capacitor (4) and storage battery (7), noenergy exchanges.After driving engine (12) starting, power-assisted electric generator (1) carries out precharge by rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3) or by-pass switch (6) for super capacitor (4), until reach power-assisted electric generator (1), for driving engine (12), provides power-assisted required voltage; In pre-charge process, when super capacitor (4) initial voltage is very low, by-pass switch (6) turn-offs, and main power inverter (3) works in the decompression mode to super capacitor (4) direction by rectification/inverter (2); When super capacitor (4) voltage and rectification/inverter (2) output voltage approach, by-pass switch (6) closure, the main power inverter of bypass (3), can reduce system power dissipation; After precharge completes, auxiliary power changer (5) enters normal step-down mode of operation;

When power-assisted electric generator (1) provides power-assisted for driving engine (12), by-pass switch (6) turn-offs, main power inverter (3) is in the pressure-increasning state to rectification/inverter (2) by super capacitor (4), and the energy storage of super capacitor (4) is supplied with power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation through main power inverter (3) and rectification/inverter (2);

When vehicle sliding, braking or super capacitor (4) energy storage is not enough, power-assisted electric generator (1) all works in generating state, by rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3) or by-pass switch (6), is super capacitor (4) charging; When super capacitor (4) voltage is lower, by-pass switch (6) turn-offs, and main power inverter (3) works in the decompression mode to super capacitor (4) direction by rectification/inverter (2); When super capacitor (4) voltage and rectification/inverter (2) output voltage approach, by-pass switch (6) closure;

During driving engine (12) hot start, the energy storage of super capacitor (4) is through main power inverter (3) or by-pass switch (6) and rectification/inverter (2) supply power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation.

3. the automobile power-assisted power generating system of a kind of composite energy storage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this power-assisted power generating system is during without starter, and this system is comprised of power-assisted electric generator (1), rectification/inverter (2), main power inverter (3), super capacitor (4), auxiliary power changer (5), by-pass switch (6), storage battery (7), microprocessor unit (8); Wherein, by T21～T26 totally six binistors connect to form three phase rectifier/inversion bridge circuit with three brachium pontis, each brachium pontis mid point is connected with three phase windings of power-assisted electric generator (1) respectively; Main power inverter (3) is formed by connecting by diode D31, switching element T 32 and inductance L 3, forms booster converter; Auxiliary power changer (5) is formed by connecting by switching element T 51～T53, diode D51 and inductance L 5, and T51, T52 and L5 form reversible transducer jointly, and T53, D51 and L5 form buck converter jointly; By-pass switch (6) is realized by switching element T 6;

Before driving engine (12) cold start, storage battery (7) is super capacitor (4) precharge by auxiliary power changer (5); When super capacitor (4) initial voltage is very low, the switching element T 51 in auxiliary power changer (5), T52 turn-off, and the buck converter that T53, D51 and L5 form works in the decompression mode to super capacitor (4) direction by storage battery (7); When super capacitor (4) and storage battery (7) voltage approach, T53 continues conducting, the reversible transducer that T51, T52 and L5 form works in the boost mode to super capacitor (4) direction by storage battery (7), until reach power-assisted electric generator (1) fire an engine (12) required voltage;

When driving engine (12) cold start and hot start, the energy storage of super capacitor (4) is through main power inverter (3) or by-pass switch (6) and rectification/inverter (2) supply power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation;

When vehicle sliding, braking or super capacitor (4) energy storage is not enough, power-assisted electric generator (1) all works in generating state, by rectification/inverter (2), by-pass switch (6), is super capacitor (4) charging;

When power-assisted electric generator (1) provides power-assisted for driving engine, by-pass switch (6) turn-offs, main power inverter (3) is in the pressure-increasning state to rectification/inverter (2) by super capacitor (4), and the energy storage of super capacitor (4) is supplied with power-assisted electric generator (1) electric operation through main power inverter (3) and rectification/inverter (2);

When storage battery (7) energy storage is not enough, super capacitor (4) is its charging through auxiliary power changer (5); Switching element T 53 in auxiliary power changer (5) is turn-offed, and the reversible transducer that T51, T52 and L5 form works in the decompression mode to storage battery (7) direction by super capacitor (4).

4. by-pass switch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the power-assisted power generating system that by-pass switch (6) is bidirectional Buck-Boost converter structure at main power inverter (3), can save, only depend on main power inverter (3) to coordinate and also can complete correlation function.

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