技术领域technical field
本发明涉及自由立体图像显示的方法，特别是涉及一种高亮度平板立体显示的方法，属于信息显示技术领域。The invention relates to a method for autostereoscopic image display, in particular to a method for high-brightness flat panel stereoscopic display, and belongs to the technical field of information display.
背景技术Background technique
相对于佩带眼镜观看的立体显示方式，自由立体显示无需借助任何辅助工具，肉眼可以在屏幕上直接观看到立体画面，即自由立体显示(Auto-stereo Display)，又称无眼镜立体显示(Stereo Display without Glasses)技术。常见的平板型自由立体液晶显示方式如表1所示：表1：常见的平板型自由立体液晶显示方式，Compared with the stereoscopic display method of wearing glasses, the autostereoscopic display does not need any auxiliary tools, and the naked eye can directly watch the stereoscopic image on the screen, that is, the autostereoscopic display (Auto-stereo Display), also known as the stereoscopic display without glasses (Stereo Display). without Glasses) technology. Common flat-panel autostereoscopic liquid crystal display methods are shown in Table 1: Table 1: Common flat-panel autostereoscopic liquid crystal display methods,
柱面光栅式自由立体，其立体显示亮度与同等的平面显示器显示亮度几乎相同。这种方式适合于多视点立体显示方式（multi-view3D display），它采用同屏显示多对立体图像对的方式，例如Phliphs公司以及Stereographics公司，并已有很多相关公开专利。柱面光栅方式的最大缺点是，难以实现平面与立体显示兼容，或者说实现平面与立体显示兼容的难度较大、成本也高。Cylindrical autostereoscopic, the brightness of the stereoscopic display is almost the same as that of the equivalent flat-panel display. This method is suitable for multi-view stereoscopic display (multi-view3D display), which uses the method of displaying multiple stereoscopic image pairs on the same screen, such as Phliphs and Stereographics, and has many related public patents. The biggest disadvantage of the cylindrical grating method is that it is difficult to achieve compatibility between planar and three-dimensional displays, or in other words, it is difficult and costly to achieve compatibility between planar and three-dimensional displays.
前置式狭缝光栅方式，X3D公司曾采用的方法，其基本原理与柱面光栅式基本相同。后置式狭缝背光照明方式具有平面与立体显示兼容的优点，但在立体显示的情况下，显示亮度大幅下降。所以，这种方式通常采用同屏显示一对立体图像对的方式，利用头跟踪技术提高显示器的立体视角。目前，市面上已有部分立体显示器采用后置式狭缝背光照明方式，该结构主要由三部分构成，即液晶显示屏、狭缝液晶光阀和平面背光源。狭缝液晶光阀做成一系列的狭缝开关，背光模组采用平面光源，而且平面光源直接经过液晶光阀，也就是平面光源，从而可以做到平面立体兼容。然而，液晶光阀做成的狭缝阵列，难以做成大尺寸的显示器，并且其成本极高。The front slit grating method, the method used by X3D company, its basic principle is basically the same as the cylindrical grating method. The rear-mounted slit backlighting method has the advantage of being compatible with flat and stereoscopic displays, but in the case of stereoscopic displays, the display brightness is greatly reduced. Therefore, this method usually adopts a method of displaying a pair of stereoscopic images on the same screen, and uses head tracking technology to improve the stereoscopic viewing angle of the display. At present, some stereoscopic displays on the market adopt the rear-mounted slit backlight lighting method. This structure is mainly composed of three parts, namely, a liquid crystal display screen, a slit liquid crystal light valve, and a planar backlight. The slit liquid crystal light valve is made into a series of slit switches, and the backlight module uses a planar light source, and the planar light source directly passes through the liquid crystal light valve, that is, the planar light source, so that it can achieve planar and three-dimensional compatibility. However, the slit array made of liquid crystal light valves is difficult to make a large-sized display, and its cost is extremely high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是，提出一种新的多视点自由立体显示方式，尤其是视差照明多视点自由立体显示装置与方法，它利用均匀分布的高亮度狭缝照明光源，提供极其狭窄的阵列狭缝照明光源。The object of the present invention is to propose a new multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display method, especially a parallax illumination multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display device and method, which utilizes uniformly distributed high-brightness slit illumination sources to provide extremely narrow array slit illumination light source.
本发明的技术方案是，一种多视点自由立体显示装置，包括液晶屏、视差光源、液晶光阀；由液晶屏交替显示多视点的立体图像，视差光源在液晶屏下方形成均匀分布的极细的狭缝光阵列；视差光源形成的狭缝光阵列与液晶屏的像素尺寸相配合，每一个狭缝光阵列对应显示屏的若干个像素、一个像素或者亚像素；液晶屏与视差光源之间布置液晶光阀，构成平面与立体兼容的立体图像显示。The technical solution of the present invention is a multi-viewpoint autostereoscopic display device, comprising a liquid crystal screen, a parallax light source, and a liquid crystal light valve; the liquid crystal screen alternately displays multi-viewpoint stereoscopic images, and the parallax light source forms evenly distributed ultra-fine images under the liquid crystal screen. slit light array; the slit light array formed by the parallax light source matches the pixel size of the LCD screen, and each slit light array corresponds to several pixels, one pixel or sub-pixel of the display screen; the gap between the LCD screen and the parallax light source The liquid crystal light valve is arranged to form a three-dimensional image display compatible with the plane and the three-dimensional.
所述的视差光源即视差背光源。The parallax light source is a parallax backlight.
所述的液晶光阀，在电压的控制下呈现透明和漫射这两种不同的状态。The liquid crystal light valve exhibits two different states of transparency and diffusion under voltage control.
所述的狭缝阵列的狭缝上设有狭缝反射膜，狭缝基板的底层亦有反射膜34。所述的视差光源，利用“光回收”而非遮挡的办法，得到高亮度的狭缝光阵列；导入基板的光束在狭缝反射膜与狭缝基板底层反射膜之间来回反射，形成高亮度的狭缝光阵列。The slits of the slit array are provided with a slit reflective film, and the bottom layer of the slit substrate also has a reflective film 34 . The above-mentioned parallax light source uses "light recovery" instead of blocking to obtain a high-brightness slit light array; the light beams introduced into the substrate are reflected back and forth between the slit reflective film and the bottom reflective film of the slit substrate to form a high-brightness slit light array.
所述的狭缝光，与狭缝光阵列的方向及液晶屏像素的排列方向之间的相互位置，存在一个预先设定的关系。液晶屏像素的结构走向与狭缝光阵列走向之间存在一定的夹角，该夹角根据多视点图像的像素分布方式的不同而不同。There is a preset relationship between the slit light and the mutual position between the direction of the slit light array and the arrangement direction of the pixels of the liquid crystal screen. There is a certain included angle between the structural direction of the pixels of the liquid crystal screen and the direction of the slit light array, and the included angle is different according to the distribution mode of the pixels of the multi-viewpoint image.
所述的多视点自由立体显示装置，视差光源在液晶屏下方形成极细的狭缝光阵列；视差光源形成的狭缝光阵列间隔与液晶屏的像素尺寸相配合，每一个阵列对应显示屏的宽度为若干个像素、一个像素或者亚像素；液晶屏与视差光源之间布置液晶光阀，构成平面与立体兼容的立体图像显示。所述的视差光源即视差背光源。In the multi-view autostereoscopic display device, the parallax light source forms a very thin slit light array under the liquid crystal screen; the interval between the slit light arrays formed by the parallax light source matches the pixel size of the liquid crystal screen, and each array corresponds to the slit light array of the display screen. The width is several pixels, one pixel or sub-pixel; a liquid crystal light valve is arranged between the liquid crystal screen and the parallax light source to form a three-dimensional image display compatible with plane and three-dimensional. The parallax light source is a parallax backlight.
所述的液晶光阀，在电压的控制下呈现透明和漫射这两种不同的状态。处于透明状态时，狭缝光的光束直接透过液晶光阀，为液晶屏提供视差光源，使显示系统处于立体显示器的状态；当液晶光阀处于散射状态时，狭缝光的光束被液晶光阀散射，形成平面光源，使显示系统处于平面显示器的状态。The liquid crystal light valve exhibits two different states of transparency and diffusion under voltage control. When it is in a transparent state, the beam of slit light directly passes through the liquid crystal light valve, providing a parallax light source for the liquid crystal screen, so that the display system is in the state of a stereoscopic display; when the liquid crystal light valve is in a scattering state, the beam of slit light is absorbed by the liquid crystal light The valve scatters to form a flat light source, making the display system in the state of a flat display.
液晶屏交替显示多视点的立体图像，可以交替显示两幅图像的立体图像，也可以显示多于两幅图像的多视点立体图像。The liquid crystal screen alternately displays multi-viewpoint stereoscopic images, can alternately display stereoscopic images of two images, and can also display multi-viewpoint stereoscopic images of more than two images.
本发明的有益效果，视差照明多视点自由立体显示装置与方法，它利用均匀分布的高亮度狭缝照明光源，提供极其狭窄的阵列狭缝照明光源。本发明的视差光源利用“光回收”而非遮挡的办法，得到高亮度的狭缝光阵列。高亮度的狭缝光源方向与TFT液晶盒的像素阵列方向保持一个非平行的特定倾斜角度，TFT液晶盒的像素阵列同屏显示多对立体图像对，经视差照明光源的投影成像，形成多视点立体显示。本发明构成了一种基于视差照明的多视点立体显示方式，同时，该方式和装置具有平面显示兼容性。本发明的立体显示的方法和装置最适合液晶显示器件。The beneficial effect of the present invention is the parallax illumination multi-view autostereoscopic display device and method, which utilize uniformly distributed high-brightness slit illumination sources to provide extremely narrow array slit illumination sources. The parallax light source of the present invention utilizes "light recovery" instead of blocking to obtain a high-brightness slit light array. The direction of the high-brightness slit light source and the direction of the pixel array of the TFT liquid crystal cell maintain a non-parallel specific tilt angle. The pixel array of the TFT liquid crystal cell displays multiple pairs of stereoscopic image pairs on the same screen, and forms multi-viewpoints through the projection imaging of the parallax lighting source. Stereoscopic display. The present invention constitutes a multi-viewpoint stereoscopic display method based on parallax lighting, and at the same time, the method and the device have flat display compatibility. The stereoscopic display method and device of the present invention are most suitable for liquid crystal display devices.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1狭缝照明式多视点立体液晶显示装置结构Figure 1 Structure of slit-illuminated multi-viewpoint stereo liquid crystal display device
图2狭缝与像素阵列的相对位置；Figure 2 The relative position of the slit and the pixel array;
图3液晶显示屏亚像素分布；Figure 3 LCD sub-pixel distribution;
图4立体图像交替显示的一种方式；Fig. 4 A mode of alternately displaying stereoscopic images;
图5狭缝照明式立体液晶显示的视点分布；The viewpoint distribution of Fig. 5 slit-illuminated three-dimensional liquid crystal display;
图6高亮度狭缝背光的光回收原理；Fig. 6 Light recycling principle of high-brightness slit backlight;
图7高亮度狭缝背光照明方案；Figure 7 High-brightness slit backlighting scheme;
图8高亮度可调制狭缝背光照明方案。Fig. 8 High-brightness adjustable slit backlighting scheme.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1，液晶屏1的主要部件是液晶盒（LC cell），液晶盒交替显示多视点的立体图像。视差光源3作为液晶屏的照明光源，形成具有一定视差分布的狭缝光阵列。与普通的平面背光照明光源不同之处在于，视差光源形成的光源由一系列具有一定规律分布的狭缝光阵列组成，是一个调制光源；而普通的平面背光照明光源形成的光源是整个背光面都是均匀的照明光束，是一个面光源。背光模块在液晶屏下方形成极细的狭缝光阵列，狭缝光阵列间隔与液晶屏的像素尺寸相配合，每一个狭缝光阵列间隔的宽度对应显示屏的若干个像素、一个像素或者亚像素（即R、G、B三色）。As shown in FIG. 1 , the main part of the liquid crystal screen 1 is a liquid crystal cell (LC cell), and the liquid crystal cell alternately displays multi-view stereoscopic images. The parallax light source 3 is used as the illumination light source of the liquid crystal screen, forming a slit light array with a certain parallax distribution. The difference from ordinary planar backlighting light sources is that the light source formed by parallax light source is composed of a series of slit light arrays with certain regular distribution, which is a modulated light source; while the light source formed by ordinary planar backlighting light source is the entire backlight surface All are uniform lighting beams, which are a surface light source. The backlight module forms a very thin slit light array under the LCD screen. The interval between the slit light arrays matches the pixel size of the LCD screen. The width of each slit light array interval corresponds to several pixels, one pixel or sub-pixels of the display screen. Pixels (i.e. R, G, B three colors).
液晶屏1与视差光源3之间布置液晶光阀2，构成平面与立体兼容的结构。当液晶光阀2处于透明状态时，视差光源3的光束直接透过液晶光阀2，为液晶屏1提供视差光源，使显示系统处于立体显示器的状态；当液晶光阀2处于散射状态时，视差光源3的光束被液晶光阀2散射，形成平面光源，使显示系统处于平面显示器的状态。A liquid crystal light valve 2 is arranged between the liquid crystal screen 1 and the parallax light source 3 to form a structure compatible with plane and three dimensions. When the liquid crystal light valve 2 is in a transparent state, the light beam of the parallax light source 3 directly passes through the liquid crystal light valve 2 to provide a parallax light source for the liquid crystal screen 1, so that the display system is in the state of a stereoscopic display; when the liquid crystal light valve 2 is in a scattering state, The light beam of the parallax light source 3 is scattered by the liquid crystal light valve 2 to form a plane light source, so that the display system is in the state of a plane display.
液晶光阀2采用现有成熟的技术。The liquid crystal light valve 2 adopts existing mature technology.
视差背光源狭缝光阵列的方向与液晶屏像素的方向之间的相互位置，存在一个预先设定的关系，如图2所示。相互之间满足以下条件：There is a preset relationship between the direction of the parallax backlight slit light array and the direction of the pixels of the liquid crystal screen, as shown in FIG. 2 . The following conditions are met between each other:
1、液晶屏的像素平面与视差光源所在的平面之间相互平行。1. The pixel plane of the LCD screen is parallel to the plane where the parallax light source is located.
2、液晶屏的像素平面与狭缝照明条纹所在的平面之间相距d（图2中没有标出），d的大小决定了最佳观看窗口与显示器之间的距离。d越大，最佳观看窗口与显示器之间的距离也相应越大。2. There is a distance d (not marked in Figure 2) between the pixel plane of the LCD screen and the plane where the slit lighting stripes are located. The size of d determines the distance between the optimal viewing window and the display. The larger d is, the larger the distance between the optimal viewing window and the display is.
3、液晶屏的像素的结构走向即像素的直线排列方向AB与狭缝光的狭缝AC之间存在一定的夹角α，α由多视点图像的像素分布方式而决定。3. The direction of the structure of the pixels of the LCD screen, that is, there is a certain angle α between the linear arrangement direction AB of the pixels and the slit AC of the slit light, and α is determined by the pixel distribution method of the multi-viewpoint image.
液晶屏的多视点图像交替显示的方式也可以细分至RGB三原色像素（即亚像素），如图3所示，图中RGB三原色构成一个完整的像素。The alternate display method of multi-viewpoint images on the LCD screen can also be subdivided into RGB three-primary-color pixels (that is, sub-pixels), as shown in Figure 3, where the RGB three-primary colors constitute a complete pixel.
多视点图像可以在亚像素级排列，每个像素中的RGB亚像素分别显示来自多视点图像中的对应亚像素值。The multi-view image can be arranged at the sub-pixel level, and the RGB sub-pixels in each pixel respectively display the corresponding sub-pixel values from the multi-view image.
以一对视图的立体图像为例，如图4所示，左右两幅图像按照以下方式显示：Taking the stereoscopic image of a pair of views as an example, as shown in Figure 4, the left and right images are displayed in the following manner:
左图像（图中用符号l表示）的显示颜色为：R1B1G2 R3B3G4 R4B4G5……Rm-1Bm-1GmThe display color of the left image (indicated by the symbol l in the figure) is: R1 B1 G2 R3 B3 G4 R4 B4 G5 ... Rm-1 Bm-1 Gm
右图像（图中用符号r表示）的显示颜色为：G1R2B2 G3R4B4 G4R5B5……Gm-1RmBmThe displayed color of the right image (indicated by the symbol r in the figure) is: G1 R2 B2 G3 R4 B4 G4 R5 B5 ... Gm-1 Rm Bm
液晶屏也可以同时显示多于两幅图像的多视点立体图像，多视点图像可以按照亚像素的方式显示。The liquid crystal screen can also display multi-viewpoint stereoscopic images of more than two images at the same time, and the multi-viewpoint images can be displayed in a sub-pixel manner.
狭缝光照射液晶显示屏，将在空间形成左右图像交错的成像分布状态，通过对显示器各光学参数的选择，可以在显示屏前方空间的特定位置形成如图5所示的图像分布：When the slit light irradiates the liquid crystal display, it will form an imaging distribution state in which the left and right images are interlaced in space. By selecting the optical parameters of the display, the image distribution shown in Figure 5 can be formed at a specific position in the space in front of the display:
左图像区域：A3A2、A1O、B3B2、……Left image area: A3 A2 , A1 O, B3 B2 , ...
右图像区域：A2A1、OB3、B2B1、……Right image area: A2 A1 , OB3 , B2 B1 , ...
左右图像互不重叠，显示自由立体图像。The left and right images do not overlap each other, and an autostereoscopic image is displayed.
视差光源利用“光回收”而非遮挡的办法，得到高亮度的狭缝光阵列，其原理性结构如图6所示。The parallax light source uses "light recovery" instead of occlusion to obtain a high-brightness slit light array. Its principle structure is shown in Figure 6.
图6设有狭缝反射膜、底层反射膜具有足够高的可见光反射率（例如0.9以上），导入基板的光束在狭缝反射膜与底层反射膜之间来回反射，可归纳为三种情况。图6中狭缝反射膜31、基板32、狭缝33、底层反射膜34。Figure 6 is provided with a slit reflective film, and the bottom reflective film has a sufficiently high visible light reflectance (for example, above 0.9). The light beam introduced into the substrate is reflected back and forth between the slit reflective film and the bottom reflective film, which can be summarized into three situations. In FIG. 6 , the slit reflective film 31 , the substrate 32 , the slit 33 , and the bottom reflective film 34 .
第一种如图中的光束B1，投射到狭缝反射膜后被反射并经底层反射膜再次反射，这样多次往复反射之后，最终从狭缝射出；第二种如图中的光束B2，投射到狭缝处，如果基板折射率大于狭缝处介质的折射率，这被全反射回基板，经底层反射膜反射，多次往复反射后从狭缝射出；第二种如图中的光束B3（图7中亦然），投射到狭缝处，并且入射角小于全反射临界角，从狭缝射出。The first kind of light beam B1 in the picture is projected onto the slit reflective film and then reflected and reflected again by the bottom reflective film. After repeated reciprocating reflections, it finally emerges from the slit; the second light beam B2 in the picture, Projected to the slit, if the refractive index of the substrate is greater than the refractive index of the medium at the slit, it is totally reflected back to the substrate, reflected by the underlying reflective film, and emitted from the slit after multiple reciprocating reflections; the second beam is shown in the figure B3 (also in Figure 7), projected onto the slit, and the incident angle is less than the critical angle of total reflection, is emitted from the slit.
实施例1：Example 1:
如图7所示，利用液晶显示器原有的导光板构成光回收式高亮度狭缝照明模块。在导光板的上端面镀制狭缝反射膜，在透光狭缝处印制高折射率漫射体。反射狭缝也可以不直接镀制在导光板上，而制作在独立的基体上再与导光板相连接。导光板的底部和没有灯管的侧面加镀反射膜。为了进一步减小狭缝光的宽度，同时也为了压缩狭缝光发散角，在导光板上部再增加柱面光栅板。通过机械的方式移动柱面光栅板，可以有限地跟踪观看者视点的变化，扩大立体视角。As shown in FIG. 7 , the original light guide plate of the liquid crystal display is used to form a light recovery type high-brightness slit lighting module. A slit reflective film is coated on the upper surface of the light guide plate, and a high-refractive index diffuser is printed on the light-transmitting slit. The reflective slit may also not be plated directly on the light guide plate, but made on an independent substrate and then connected with the light guide plate. The bottom of the light guide plate and the side without the lamp tube are coated with reflective film. In order to further reduce the width of the slit light and to compress the divergence angle of the slit light, a cylindrical grating plate is added on the top of the light guide plate. By moving the cylindrical lenticular plate mechanically, it is possible to limitly track the change of the viewer's point of view and expand the stereoscopic viewing angle.
图7所示的方案可以进一步加以改进，得到其他性能的照明光源。11导光板，12狭缝反射膜，13漫射体，14底层反光膜，15柱面光栅，16侧面反射膜。The solution shown in Fig. 7 can be further improved to obtain illumination sources with other performances. 11 light guide plate, 12 slit reflective film, 13 diffuser, 14 bottom reflective film, 15 cylindrical grating, 16 side reflective film.
例如图8所示的结构，16回收式狭缝光源，15柱面光栅，17PDLC；将柱面光栅改称液晶柱面透镜，并添加聚合物分散液晶板（PDLC）。通过对液晶柱面透镜的调制，可以改变柱面镜的分布状态，改变照明狭缝的空间位置，从而实现对视点的跟踪，扩大立体视角。For example, the structure shown in Figure 8, 16 recovery type slit light source, 15 cylindrical grating, 17 PDLC; the cylindrical grating is renamed liquid crystal cylindrical lens, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel (PDLC) is added. Through the modulation of the liquid crystal cylindrical lens, the distribution state of the cylindrical lens can be changed, and the spatial position of the lighting slit can be changed, so as to realize the tracking of the viewpoint and expand the stereoscopic viewing angle.
聚合物分散液晶板的作用是实现平面与立体显示的兼容。因为PDLC可以在电压的控制下呈现透明和漫射这两种不同的状态，对于立体显示，需要形成狭缝照明光源，置PDLC处于透明状态；对于平面显示，需要形成均匀照明光源，置PDLC处于漫射状态，PDLC就相当于一个漫射体，使狭缝光转变成均匀的照明光源。The role of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel is to realize the compatibility of flat and three-dimensional display. Because PDLC can show two different states of transparency and diffusion under the control of voltage, for stereoscopic display, it is necessary to form a slit lighting source, and set PDLC to be in a transparent state; for flat display, it is necessary to form a uniform lighting source, and set PDLC to be in a transparent state In the diffuse state, PDLC is equivalent to a diffuser, which converts the slit light into a uniform illumination source.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此，本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310626979.9ACN103616767B (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Parallax illumination multi-view auto-stereoscopic display device and method |
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