CN103609353A - Uniform-light-distribution plant cultivation method and cultivation box - Google Patents
Uniform-light-distribution plant cultivation method and cultivation boxDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及植物培养领域，尤其是一种均光分布的植物培养方法及培养箱。The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a plant cultivation method and an incubator with uniform light distribution.
背景技术Background technique
目前，在植物的人工培养领域，植物培养箱给植物提供适合生长的环境，是一种几乎不受自然条件制约的全新生产方式。植物培养箱通过人工条件提供光照、温度、湿度、气流、CO2浓度等生长环境的同时对箱内环境要素进行自动实时的监控和高精度调整控制。箱内为植物提供光照的光源主要有高压钠灯、日光灯等。近来，随着大功率LED的技术突破，以LED作为主光源成为在农业生产中替代传统照明的新趋势。At present, in the field of artificial cultivation of plants, the plant incubator provides plants with an environment suitable for growth, which is a new production method that is almost not restricted by natural conditions. The plant incubator provides a growth environment such as light, temperature, humidity, airflow, andCO2 concentration through artificial conditions, and at the same time performs automatic real-time monitoring and high-precision adjustment and control of the environmental elements in the box. The light sources that provide light for plants in the box mainly include high-pressure sodium lamps and fluorescent lamps. Recently, with the technological breakthrough of high-power LEDs, using LEDs as the main light source has become a new trend to replace traditional lighting in agricultural production.
以LED为光源的植物培养箱，箱顶的灯板上布有LED阵列，其中以高亮度大功率LED为主。通常，灯板上按一定距离插入红光、蓝光等LED，并且以不同比例均匀分布。由于单个LED发出的光在空间中分布不均匀，使得箱内空间各点上的光照也不均匀。比如，对于灯板装在棚顶上的培养箱，距离灯板同一高度的地方的光照却是不均匀的。在进行植物的人工培养和植物生长特性的定量研究，特别是植物光合特性研究时，往往需要有均匀的光照。并且，除了上部的叶片之外，位于中下部的叶片也要能获得足够的光照强度，以满足箱内植物在同一光照条件下生长的要求。The plant incubator with LED as the light source has an LED array on the light board on the top of the box, among which high-brightness and high-power LEDs are the main ones. Usually, red light, blue light and other LEDs are inserted into the light board at a certain distance, and are evenly distributed in different proportions. Since the light emitted by a single LED is unevenly distributed in space, the illumination at each point in the space in the box is also uneven. For example, for an incubator with light panels installed on the roof, the light at the same height from the light panels is uneven. When carrying out artificial cultivation of plants and quantitative research on plant growth characteristics, especially the study of plant photosynthetic characteristics, uniform illumination is often required. Moreover, in addition to the upper leaves, the middle and lower leaves should also be able to obtain sufficient light intensity to meet the requirements of the growth of plants in the box under the same light conditions.
传统植物培养箱内壁材料对光的吸收是箱内光能浪费和光照不均的主要原因。培养箱常用木质材料或塑料做成，再在内壁上漆一层白漆以减少光的吸收。由于这些材料本身对光的吸收就不少，加上做成后内壁表面不平整，光的反射率较小，造成能量的浪费和光照的不均。The absorption of light by the inner wall material of the traditional plant incubator is the main reason for the waste of light energy and uneven illumination in the box. The incubator is usually made of wood or plastic, and a layer of white paint is painted on the inner wall to reduce light absorption. Because these materials themselves absorb a lot of light, and the surface of the inner wall is uneven after being made, the reflectivity of light is small, resulting in waste of energy and uneven illumination.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种节能且箱内光照均匀，特别是箱内同一高度光照均匀，并且，对位于中下部的叶片也能提供足够的光照强度的植物培养箱，特别适合于植物光合特性的定量研究。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving plant cultivation box with uniform illumination in the box, especially at the same height in the box, and can also provide sufficient light intensity for the leaves located in the middle and lower parts. Quantitative study on the photosynthetic characteristics of plants.
本发明采用以下方案实现：一种均光分布的植物培养方法，其特征在于：提供一培养箱，在所述培养箱内顶部设置复数个LED，所述培养箱外设置一控制电路，且所述控制电路连接所述复数个LED，所述培养箱内侧壁均设有平面反射镜，使所述培养箱内距离顶部同一高度的所有空间点上光照均匀。The present invention adopts the following scheme to realize: a plant cultivation method with uniform light distribution, which is characterized in that: an incubator is provided, a plurality of LEDs are arranged on the top of the incubator, a control circuit is arranged outside the incubator, and the The control circuit is connected to the plurality of LEDs, and the inner wall of the incubator is equipped with a plane reflector, so that all space points in the incubator at the same height as the top are illuminated evenly.
在本发明一实施例中，还提供一恒温设备、一恒湿设备和一气候模拟设备。In an embodiment of the present invention, a constant temperature device, a constant humidity device and a climate simulation device are also provided.
在本发明一实施例中，所述气候模拟设备包括一二氧化碳浓度监控装置。In an embodiment of the present invention, the climate simulation equipment includes a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device.
在本发明一实施例中，所述LED的数量、类型和分布方式根据植物生长需要进行调节，以使LED发出的光的波长能够包含植物生长所需光的波长。In an embodiment of the present invention, the number, type and distribution of the LEDs are adjusted according to the needs of plant growth, so that the wavelength of light emitted by the LEDs can include the wavelength of light required for plant growth.
在本发明一实施例中，所述控制电路用于调控LED的光质、光强和光周期。In an embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit is used to regulate the light quality, light intensity and light period of the LED.
在本发明一实施例中，还提供一报警系统，当培养箱内的环境无法达到设置要求时发出报警。In an embodiment of the present invention, an alarm system is also provided to send out an alarm when the environment in the incubator cannot meet the setting requirements.
本发明还提供一种均光分布的植物培养箱，包括一培养箱主体，其特征在于：所述培养箱主体内四个侧壁均设置有平面反射镜，且其中一侧壁还开设有一门，所述培养箱主体内顶部设置有复数个LED，且所述复数个LED连接一设置于所述培养箱主体外的控制电路。The present invention also provides a plant incubator with uniform light distribution, which includes a main body of the incubator. , the top of the incubator main body is provided with a plurality of LEDs, and the plurality of LEDs are connected to a control circuit arranged outside the incubator main body.
在本发明一实施例中，还提供一恒温设备、一恒湿设备和一气候模拟设备。In an embodiment of the present invention, a constant temperature device, a constant humidity device and a climate simulation device are also provided.
在本发明一实施例中，所述气候模拟设备包括一二氧化碳浓度监控装置。In an embodiment of the present invention, the climate simulation equipment includes a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device.
在本发明一实施例中，还提供一报警系统，当培养箱内的环境无法达到设置要求时发出报警。In an embodiment of the present invention, an alarm system is also provided to send out an alarm when the environment in the incubator cannot meet the setting requirements.
本发明既能节能高效地培养植物，又能较精确地研究植物的生长特性，特别适合于植物生长和植物光合特性的定量研究，具有很高的实用和推广价值。The invention can not only cultivate plants with energy saving and high efficiency, but also can accurately study the growth characteristics of plants, is especially suitable for the quantitative research of plant growth and plant photosynthetic characteristics, and has high practical and popularization value.
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下将通过具体实施例和相关附图，对本发明作进一步详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and related drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2是本发明的控制系统原理框图。Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the control system of the present invention.
图示说明：1-培养箱主体，2-侧壁，3-门，4-LED，5-顶棚，6-第一辅助接口，7-第二辅助接口，8-控制电路，9-箱脚。Illustration: 1-main body of incubator, 2-side wall, 3-door, 4-LED, 5-ceiling, 6-first auxiliary interface, 7-second auxiliary interface, 8-control circuit, 9-box foot .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种均光分布的植物培养方法，提供一培养箱，在所述培养箱内顶部设置复数个LED，所述培养箱外设置一控制电路，且所述控制电路连接所述复数个LED，所述培养箱内侧壁均设有平面反射镜，使所述培养箱内距离顶部同一高度的所有空间点上光照均匀。The present invention provides a plant cultivation method with uniform light distribution. An incubator is provided, a plurality of LEDs are arranged on the top of the incubator, a control circuit is arranged outside the incubator, and the control circuit is connected to the plurality of LEDs. LED, and the inner wall of the incubator is equipped with a plane reflector, so that all space points in the incubator at the same height as the top are evenly illuminated.
为了更好的调控培养箱内的植物生长条件，还提供一恒温设备、一恒湿设备和一气候模拟设备，所述气候模拟设备包括一二氧化碳浓度监控装置。并且所述LED的数量、类型和分布方式根据植物生长需要进行调节，以使LED发出的光的波长能够包含植物生长所需光的波长，所述控制电路用于调控LED的光质、光强和光周期。In order to better control the plant growth conditions in the incubator, a constant temperature device, a constant humidity device and a climate simulation device are also provided, and the climate simulation device includes a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device. And the number, type and distribution of the LEDs are adjusted according to the needs of plant growth, so that the wavelength of light emitted by the LEDs can include the wavelength of light required for plant growth, and the control circuit is used to regulate the light quality and light intensity of the LEDs. and photoperiod.
本发明能实时地在箱外的与控制电路连接的LED显示屏上显示箱内的温度、湿度、CO2浓度等值。当箱内温度、湿度、CO2浓度等偏离预先设定的值时，能自动运行恒温设备、恒湿设备或二氧化碳浓度监控装置，使箱内温度、湿度、CO2浓度等很快回到预先设定的值；如果在箱外的LED显示屏上输入所需的光照条件和温度、湿度、CO2浓度等参数值，能自动运行相关设备（恒温设备、恒湿设备或二氧化碳浓度监控装置），使箱内的环境达到设置要求。The invention can display the temperature, humidity,CO2 concentration and the like in the box on the LED display screen connected with the control circuit outside the box in real time. When the temperature, humidity, andCO2 concentration in the box deviate from the preset value, it can automatically operate the constant temperature equipment, constant humidity equipment or carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device, so that the temperature, humidity, andCO2 concentration in the box will quickly return to the preset value. The set value; if the required light conditions, temperature, humidity,CO2 concentration and other parameter values are input on the LED display outside the box, the relevant equipment (constant temperature equipment, constant humidity equipment or carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device) can be automatically operated , so that the environment in the box meets the setting requirements.
为了提高系统的可靠性，还提供一报警系统，当培养箱内的环境无法达到设置要求时发出报警。此时应进行故障检查，排除故障后报警立刻消失，系统正常运行。In order to improve the reliability of the system, an alarm system is also provided to send an alarm when the environment in the incubator cannot meet the setting requirements. At this time, fault inspection should be carried out. After troubleshooting, the alarm will disappear immediately, and the system will run normally.
如图1所示，本发明还提供一种均光分布的植物培养箱，包括一培养箱主体1，箱体的高度视培养对象的高度而定，通常，植物顶部距离箱顶光源的高度不少于10cm，所述培养箱主体1内四个侧壁2均设置有平面反射镜，且其中一侧壁还开设有一门3，所述培养箱主体1内顶部设置有复数个LED 4，所述复数个LED 4固定安装在一不透光的顶棚5上，且所述复数个LED 4连接一设置于所述培养箱主体1外的控制电路8。As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention also provides a kind of plant culture box of uniform light distribution, comprises a culture box
箱脚9用于支撑整个箱体，培养箱还可根据需要做成多层和具有纵向分隔板的细分结构，以适应不同用途的需求。其中纵向分隔板的两个面均应做成具有高反射率的反射平面。The
为了更好的调控培养箱内的植物生长条件，还提供一恒温设备、一恒湿设备和一气候模拟设备，所述气候模拟设备包括一二氧化碳浓度监控装置。如图2所示，所述控制电路连接所述恒温设备、恒湿设备、二氧化碳浓度监控装置和LED。这些设备的检测传感器均设置于培养箱内，而控制部件可以设置于培养箱外且与检测传感器连接。6和7分别为培养箱壁上的两个辅助接口，分别连接培养箱外储存水和CO2的设备，另外，恒温设备的控制部件可以设于箱底以利于加热。In order to better control the plant growth conditions in the incubator, a constant temperature device, a constant humidity device and a climate simulation device are also provided, and the climate simulation device includes a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device. As shown in Figure 2, the control circuit is connected to the constant temperature equipment, constant humidity equipment, carbon dioxide concentration monitoring device and LED. The detection sensors of these devices are all arranged in the incubator, and the control parts can be arranged outside the incubator and connected with the detection sensors. 6 and 7 are two auxiliary interfaces on the wall of the incubator, which are respectively connected to the equipment for storing water andCO2 outside the incubator. In addition, the control parts of the constant temperature equipment can be arranged at the bottom of the incubator to facilitate heating.
为了提高系统的可靠性，还提供一报警系统，且该报警系统与所述控制电路连接，当培养箱内的环境无法达到设置要求时发出报警。此时应进行故障检查，排除故障后报警立刻消失，系统正常运行。In order to improve the reliability of the system, an alarm system is also provided, and the alarm system is connected with the control circuit to send an alarm when the environment in the incubator cannot meet the setting requirements. At this time, fault inspection should be carried out. After troubleshooting, the alarm will disappear immediately, and the system will run normally.
本发明培养箱内光照、温度、湿度、CO2浓度等条件均人工可控。培养箱顶部设有多种可根据需要适时增减的单色LED，通过控制电路调节，可在箱内实现各种光照条件以便为植物提供最佳的生长环境。Conditions such as illumination, temperature, humidity, andCO2 concentration in the incubator of the present invention are all manually controllable. There are a variety of single-color LEDs on the top of the incubator that can be increased or decreased as needed. Through the adjustment of the control circuit, various lighting conditions can be realized in the box to provide the best growth environment for the plants.
培养箱还可根据需要做成多层和具有纵向分隔板的细分结构，组成一个植物培养箱组合装置，以便节省空间和控制设备，适应不同用途的需求。其中纵向分隔板的两个面均应做成具有高反射率的反射平面。The incubator can also be made into multi-layer and subdivided structures with longitudinal partitions to form a plant incubator combination device, so as to save space and control equipment, and adapt to the needs of different purposes. Wherein the two faces of the longitudinal dividing plate should be made into reflective planes with high reflectivity.
根据权利要求8所述的一种均光分布的植物培养箱组合装置，其特征在于：该组合装置中的每个培养箱主体内的光照都能够根据不同植物生长的需求进行独立的控制。The combination device of a plant cultivation box with uniform light distribution according to
作为本发明的优选实施方案，所述植物培养箱四个侧壁均镶有平面反射镜，平面反射镜对箱内光的反射率应大于95%以上，采用浮法银镜可以实现这一要求。市场上已有的高级浮法银镜，3mm和5mm厚的反射镜对光的反射率分别可达99%和96%，可满足本发明的要求。对于表面光滑、平整的理想平面反射镜，根据成像原理，物体经其成虚像，像和物体一模一样，无像差。这虚像是物体发出的光经平面反射镜反射后，反射光的反向延长线的交点，不是实际光线的汇聚点。不过，可以把反射光看作是由虚像在物体所在空间即物空间发出的光，即虚像等效于反射光的光源。上述植物培养箱左右、前后两对平面反射镜两两平行，棚顶上的LED点光源将会在四面平面反射镜的反射下形成无数个像，遍布棚顶所在的无限大平面。根据成像原理，这些像等效于箱内反射光的光源，而棚顶等效于一个无限大的面光源。无限大的面光源在箱内距离棚顶同一高度的地方光照均匀，光能照到箱内空间上任意一点，因而还是无影光源。箱内放上植物，不管是位于最上方的植物叶片还是位于中下部、且被最上方的叶片遮挡的植物叶片都能得到光照，都能吸收光能进行光合作用。与传统培养箱内只有最上方的植物叶片能受到光照，而位于中下部且被最上方的叶片遮挡的植物叶片不能得到光照相比，上述培养箱提高了植物光合作用的效率，有利于为植物提供最佳的生长环境，促进植物的生长，并且节约了光能。该植物培养箱的重要性还在于它能为植物提供均匀的光照条件，这对植物的生长条件及光合作用的定量研究具有十分重要的意义。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the four side walls of the plant cultivation box are all inlaid with plane reflectors, and the reflectivity of the plane reflectors to the light in the box should be greater than 95%. This requirement can be achieved by using a float silver mirror. . Existing high-grade float silver mirrors on the market, 3mm and 5mm thick reflectors can respectively reach 99% and 96% reflectivity to light, which can meet the requirements of the present invention. For an ideal plane mirror with a smooth and flat surface, according to the imaging principle, the object will form a virtual image through it, which is exactly the same as the object without aberration. After the light emitted by this virtual image is reflected by the plane reflector, the intersection point of the reverse extension line of the reflected light is not the converging point of the actual light rays. However, the reflected light can be regarded as the light emitted by the virtual image in the object space, that is, the object space, that is, the virtual image is equivalent to the light source of the reflected light. The two pairs of flat reflectors on the left and right and front and back of the above-mentioned plant incubator are parallel to each other, and the LED point light source on the roof will form countless images under the reflection of the four plane reflectors, covering the infinite plane where the roof is located. According to the imaging principle, these images are equivalent to the light source of reflected light in the box, and the roof is equivalent to an infinite surface light source. The infinite surface light source is evenly illuminated at the same height from the ceiling in the box, and the light can shine on any point in the space inside the box, so it is still a shadowless light source. Plants are placed in the box, and no matter the plant leaves located at the top or the plant leaves located at the middle and lower part and shaded by the top leaves can all receive light, and can absorb light energy to carry out photosynthesis. Compared with the traditional incubator, only the uppermost plant leaves can receive light, while the plant leaves located in the middle and lower part and covered by the uppermost leaves cannot receive light, the above-mentioned incubator improves the efficiency of plant photosynthesis, which is beneficial for plants. Provide the best growth environment, promote the growth of plants, and save light energy. The importance of the plant incubator also lies in its ability to provide uniform light conditions for plants, which is of great significance to the quantitative study of plant growth conditions and photosynthesis.
研究表明，植物吸收光能发生光合作用时，叶绿素a和b对光的吸收占绝大部分。叶绿素a和b的吸收光谱中，吸收峰大概在430nm~460nm和630nm~680nm之间。因此，上述培养箱棚顶所布LED中，大部分的发射光谱峰值在430nm~460nm和630nm~680nm之间。而其它波段的光对植物的生长有或多或少的作用，如紫光和远红外光影响植物光形态建成，所以棚顶可布少量的紫光和远红外光LED。Studies have shown that when plants absorb light energy and undergo photosynthesis, chlorophyll a and b absorb most of the light. In the absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and b, the absorption peaks are probably between 430nm~460nm and 630nm~680nm. Therefore, among the LEDs arranged on the roof of the incubator above, most of the emission spectrum peaks are between 430nm~460nm and 630nm~680nm. And other bands of light have more or less effects on the growth of plants, such as purple light and far-infrared light affect the formation of plant light morphology, so a small amount of purple light and far-infrared light LEDs can be placed on the roof.
由于不同植物对光强和光照时间要求不一样，所以有阴生植物、中性植物和阳生植物之别。其中，阳生植物需要光强最强，需要的光照时间一般也最长。因此，若用于培养阳生植物，上述培养箱内距棚顶光源垂直距离10cm处的光强不小于400μmol/(m2.s)；若用于培养中性植物，箱内这一高度处光强一般在300~400μmol/(m2.s)范围；对于阴生植物，则可使光强小于300μmol/(m2.s)。Because different plants have different requirements for light intensity and light time, there are shade plants, neutral plants and sun plants. Among them, sun plants need the strongest light intensity and generally the longest light time. Therefore, if it is used to cultivate positive plants, the light intensity at the vertical distance of 10cm from the roof light source in the above-mentioned incubator should not be less than 400μmol/(m2 .s); if it is used to cultivate neutral plants, the light intensity at this height in the incubator should The light intensity is generally in the range of 300~400μmol/(m2 .s); for shade plants, the light intensity can be less than 300μmol/(m2 .s).
上列较佳实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和优点进行了进一步详细说明。所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-listed preferred embodiments further describe the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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