技术领域technical field
本发明涉及具有双轴肩部搅拌头型工具(日文：ボビンツール，bobbintool)的旋转工具单元、使用上述旋转工具单元的摩擦搅拌接合方法、使用上述旋转工具单元接合而成的双层面板的组装体以及使用上述旋转工具的双层面板的摩擦搅拌接合方法。The present invention relates to a rotary tool unit having a biaxial shoulder stirring head tool (Japanese: ボビンツール, bobbintool), a friction stir welding method using the above rotary tool unit, and an assembly of a double-layer panel bonded using the above rotary tool unit Body and friction stir welding method of two-layer panels using the above-mentioned rotary tool.
背景技术Background technique
以往，已知有双轴肩部搅拌头型工具来作为对金属板的端面彼此进行摩擦搅拌接合的工具(参照专利文献1)。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具包括一对轴肩部和在上述轴肩部之间形成的销。在将一对金属板接合时，将金属板固定使其不能移动，在将高速旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具从金属板的一端插入，并使销沿着对接部移动。藉此，端面各自周围的金属便被摩擦搅拌而使金属板彼此接合。若使用双轴肩部搅拌头型工具，由于在金属板的背面侧也具有轴肩部，因此，通常可以省略配置在金属板的背面侧的背接构件(日文：裏当部材)。特别是，在将中空型材的端部彼此接合时，由于设置背接构件的作业较为复杂，因此，能大幅节省作业程序。Conventionally, a biaxial shoulder tool is known as a tool for friction stir welding end surfaces of metal plates (see Patent Document 1). A dual shoulder pad tool includes a pair of shoulders and a pin formed between the shoulders. When joining a pair of metal plates, the metal plates are fixed so that they cannot move, and a high-speed rotating biaxial shoulder tool is inserted from one end of the metal plates, and the pin is moved along the joint. Thereby, the metal around each end surface is friction-stirred, and metal plates are joined together. If a tool with a double-shaft shoulder is used, since it also has a shoulder on the back side of the metal plate, it is usually possible to omit the backing member (Japanese: backside member) arranged on the back side of the metal plate. In particular, since the work of installing the back joint member is complicated when joining the end portions of the hollow profile, it is possible to greatly save work procedures.
另一方面，以往，已知有将两块金属板重叠而构成的双层面板。双层面板用作铁路车辆、飞机、船只、土木建筑物等的结构体。如专利文献2所记载的，双层面板包括外板、内板及夹设在外板与内板间的支承板。此外，在将双层面板彼此接合时，使相邻的双层面板的外板端部与外板端部对接、内板端部与内板端部对接，来形成双层面板的组装体后，使用旋转工具将对接后的部分摩擦搅拌接合。On the other hand, conventionally, there is known a double-layer panel configured by stacking two metal plates. Double-layer panels are used as structures for railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, civil buildings, etc. As described in Patent Document 2, a double-layer panel includes an outer panel, an inner panel, and a support panel interposed between the outer panel and the inner panel. In addition, when the two-layer panels are joined to each other, the outer panel ends of the adjacent two-layer panels are butted against the outer panel ends, and the inner panel ends are butted against the inner panel ends to form an assembly of the two-layer panels. , using a rotary tool to friction stir join the butted parts.
现有技术文献prior art literature
专利文献patent documents
专利文献1：日本专利特许第2712838号公报Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 2712838
专利文献2：日本专利特开2008－272768号公报Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-272768
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明所要解决的技术问题The technical problem to be solved by the invention
然而，在使用双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的摩擦搅拌接合中，较为理想的是，在使销的轴向中心与金属板的高度方向的中心对齐的同时进行接合，但是，有时金属板会因摩擦热而发生变形。一旦金属板因摩擦热而发生变形，则销的中心便无法与金属板的中心对齐，而造成接合不良。However, in friction stir welding using a biaxial shoulder tool, it is desirable to join while aligning the axial center of the pin with the center in the height direction of the metal plate, but sometimes the metal plate Deformation occurs due to frictional heat. Once the metal plate is deformed by frictional heat, the center of the pin cannot be aligned with the center of the metal plate, resulting in a poor joint.
此外，若轴肩部间的距离比金属板的厚度大，则通过摩擦搅拌而被塑性流动化后的金属容易溢出至轴肩部的外部，因此，存在容易产生接合缺陷这样的问题。In addition, if the distance between the shoulders is larger than the thickness of the metal plate, the metal plastically fluidized by friction stirring tends to overflow to the outside of the shoulders, and thus there is a problem that bonding defects tend to occur.
此外，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销的外周面有时会刻有螺旋槽，但因螺旋槽的方向或刻设的范围的不同，存在在接合后的金属板的装饰面上形成的凹槽变大、或是装饰面上产生许多毛边这样的问题。In addition, the outer peripheral surface of the pin of the double-shaft shoulder tool is sometimes engraved with a spiral groove, but depending on the direction of the spiral groove or the range of the engraving, there are recesses formed on the decorative surface of the metal plates after joining. There are problems such as enlarged grooves or many burrs on the decorative surface.
此外，由于双层面板是薄且长的金属构件，因此，使一对双层面板的外板与外板、内板与内板高精度地进行对接的作业较为困难。此外，即使使用夹具将双层面板的组装体固定使其不能移动，也存在使旋转工具移动来进行接合时双层面板彼此分离这样的问题。In addition, since the double-layer panels are thin and long metal members, it is difficult to accurately butt the outer panels and inner panels of a pair of double-layer panels. In addition, even if the assembly of the two-layer panels is fixed so as not to move using jigs, there is a problem that the two-layer panels are separated from each other when the rotary tool is moved for joining.
本发明鉴于上述问题而完成，其技术问题在于提供一种在使用双轴肩部搅拌头型工具对一对金属板进行接合时能够抑制接合缺陷的产生并能理想地进行接合的旋转工具单元及摩擦搅拌接合方法。此外，其技术问题在于当在双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销的外周面刻有螺旋槽时，能够减少在金属板的装饰面上产生的毛边，或是能够缩小在装饰面上形成的凹槽。另外，本发明的技术问题在于提供一种能够理想地将双层面板接合的双层面板的组装体及双层面板的摩擦搅拌接合方法。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its technical problem is to provide a rotary tool unit and a rotary tool unit capable of suppressing the occurrence of joining defects and performing ideal joining when joining a pair of metal plates using a biaxial shoulder pad tool. Friction stir joining method. In addition, the technical problem is that when a spiral groove is engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the pin of the biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool, the burrs generated on the decorative surface of the metal plate can be reduced, or the burrs formed on the decorative surface can be reduced. groove. Another object of the present invention is to provide an assembly of double-layer panels capable of ideally joining double-layer panels and a friction stir welding method for double-layer panels.
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案Technical solutions adopted to solve technical problems
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种旋转工具单元，用于摩擦搅拌接合，其特征是，具有：圆筒状的保持件，该保持件固定在摩擦搅拌装置的夹头部上；滑动轴，该滑动轴能够插入到上述保持件的内部，并与所述保持件一体地旋转；以及双轴肩部搅拌头型工具，该双轴肩部搅拌头型工具由第一轴肩部、第二轴肩部及在上述第一轴肩部与上述第二轴肩部之间形成的销构成，在上述滑动轴的前端固定有上述第一轴肩部，在上述保持件与上述滑动轴之间包括滑动元件，从而使上述滑动轴相对于上述保持件沿轴向滑动。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a rotary tool unit for friction stir welding, which is characterized in that it has: a cylindrical holder fixed on the collet of the friction stir device; a sliding shaft , the sliding shaft can be inserted into the inside of the above-mentioned holder and rotate integrally with the holder; Two shaft shoulders and a pin formed between the first shoulder and the second shoulder are formed. The first shoulder is fixed at the front end of the sliding shaft. Between the holder and the sliding shaft A sliding element is included between them, so that the above-mentioned sliding shaft slides axially relative to the above-mentioned holder.
根据上述结构，即使金属板因摩擦搅拌而朝面外方向翘曲，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具也会随着金属板的变形而沿轴向移动。藉此，能够防止接合部位的移位(偏移)，因此，能抑制接合不良的产生。According to the above configuration, even if the metal plate is warped in the out-of-plane direction due to friction stirring, the biaxial shoulder tool moves in the axial direction along with the deformation of the metal plate. Thereby, displacement (deviation) of the joint portion can be prevented, and therefore, occurrence of joint failure can be suppressed.
此外，较为理想的是，上述滑动元件由形成在上述滑动轴的外表面或上述保持件的内表面上的轴承槽和在轴承槽内滑动的球轴承构成。Furthermore, it is preferable that the sliding element is composed of a bearing groove formed on the outer surface of the sliding shaft or the inner surface of the holder, and a ball bearing sliding in the bearing groove.
根据上述结构，能够简单地构成滑动元件。According to the above configuration, the sliding element can be configured simply.
此外，较为理想的是，具有在上述保持件和上述滑动轴中的任意一方上形成的键槽和在上述保持件和上述滑动轴中的另一方上形成的键，上述键伴随着上述滑动轴的移动而在上述键槽的内部移动。In addition, it is preferable to have a key groove formed on either one of the holder and the slide shaft, and a key formed on the other of the holder and the slide shaft, and the key is accompanied by the movement of the slide shaft. Move while moving inside the keyway above.
根据上述结构，能以简单的结构使保持件与滑动轴一体地旋转，且能够使滑动轴在键槽的范围内移动。According to the above configuration, the holder and the slide shaft can be rotated integrally with a simple structure, and the slide shaft can be moved within the range of the key groove.
此外，较为理想的是，沿着上述保持件的内表面和上述滑动轴的外表面中的任意一方的轴向延伸设置有凸条，沿着上述保持件的内表面和上述滑动轴的外表面中的另一方的轴向延伸设置有凹条，上述凸条伴随着上述滑动轴的移动而在上述凹条的内部移动。In addition, it is preferable that a convex line is provided along the axial extension of any one of the inner surface of the above-mentioned holder and the outer surface of the above-mentioned sliding shaft, and along the inner surface of the above-mentioned holder and the outer surface of the above-mentioned sliding shaft The other one of them is axially extended with a concave strip, and the convex strip moves inside the concave strip along with the movement of the sliding shaft.
根据上述结构，能以简单的结构使保持件与滑动轴一体地旋转，且能够使滑动轴在很大的范围内移动。According to the above configuration, the holder and the slide shaft can be rotated integrally with a simple structure, and the slide shaft can be moved over a wide range.
此外，本发明也提出一种摩擦搅拌接合方法，使用本发明的第一方面的旋转工具单元，来对一对金属板进行接合，其特征是，上述摩擦搅拌接合方法具有：对接工序，在该对接工序中，使上述金属板的端面彼此对接；以及接合工序，在该接合工序中，使旋转的上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销移动到将上述端面彼此对接后形成的对接部，来将上述端面彼此进行摩擦搅拌接合，在上述接合工序中，预先将第一轴肩部与第二轴肩部间的距离设定为上述金属板的厚度以下，当因摩擦搅拌而使上述金属板变形，来使上述金属板的位置沿上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的轴向移位时，上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具随着上述金属板的移位而沿轴向移动。In addition, the present invention also proposes a friction stir welding method for joining a pair of metal plates using the rotary tool unit according to the first aspect of the present invention. In the butt jointing process, the end faces of the above-mentioned metal plates are butted against each other; and in the joining process, the pins of the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder stirring head type tools that are rotated are moved to the butt joint formed after the above-mentioned end faces are butted against each other, To perform friction stir welding of the above-mentioned end faces, in the above-mentioned joining process, the distance between the first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion is set in advance to be equal to or less than the thickness of the above-mentioned metal plate, and when the above-mentioned metal plate is formed due to friction stir When the plate is deformed to displace the position of the metal plate in the axial direction of the biaxial shoulder tool, the biaxial shoulder tool moves in the axial direction along with the displacement of the metal plate.
根据上述方法，通过将轴肩部间的距离设定为金属板的厚度以下，因而，能够防止因摩擦搅拌而使塑性流动化后的金属溢出至轴肩部的外部。藉此，能够抑制接合缺陷的产生。According to the method described above, since the distance between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, it is possible to prevent plastic fluidized metal due to friction stirring from overflowing to the outside of the shoulders. Thereby, occurrence of bonding defects can be suppressed.
此外，较为理想的是，在将上述端面彼此间的间隙设定为1.00mm以下时，将上述金属板的厚度与上述轴肩部间的距离设定成满足0.2mm≤{(金属板的厚度)－(轴肩部间的距离)}≤0.8mm。In addition, it is preferable to set the distance between the thickness of the metal plate and the shoulder portion to satisfy 0.2 mm ≤ {(thickness of the metal plate )－(distance between shaft shoulders)}≤0.8mm.
此外，较为理想的是，在将上述端面彼此间的间隙设定为大于1.00mm且为1.75mm以下时，将上述金属板的厚度与上述轴肩部间的距离设定成满足0.4mm≤{(金属板的厚度)－(轴肩部间的距离)}≤0.8mm。In addition, it is preferable that, when the gap between the above-mentioned end faces is set to be greater than 1.00 mm and not more than 1.75 mm, the thickness of the above-mentioned metal plate and the distance between the above-mentioned shoulders are set to satisfy 0.4 mm≤{ (thickness of metal plate) - (distance between shaft shoulders)} ≤ 0.8mm.
根据上述接合方法，即使端面彼此间存在间隙，也能抑制接合缺陷的产生。According to the above joining method, even if there is a gap between the end faces, the occurrence of joining defects can be suppressed.
此外，较为理想的是，设定成使上述轴肩部的外径的平方值除以上述销的外径的平方值后的值大于2.0。Moreover, it is preferable to set so that the value obtained by dividing the square value of the outer diameter of the said shoulder part by the square value of the outer diameter of the said pin becomes larger than 2.0.
根据上述接合方法，能够将轴肩部的外径相对于销的外径确保得很大，因此，能够可靠地对在轴肩部之间塑性流动化的金属进行按压。藉此，能够进一步抑制接合缺陷的产生。若轴肩部的外径的平方值除以上述销的外径的平方值后的值为2.0以下，则金属容易溢出，而容易产生接合缺陷。According to the above joining method, since the outer diameter of the shoulders can be ensured to be larger than that of the pin, it is possible to reliably press the plastic fluidized metal between the shoulders. Thereby, the occurrence of bonding defects can be further suppressed. If the value obtained by dividing the square value of the outer diameter of the shoulder portion by the square value of the outer diameter of the pin is 2.0 or less, metal tends to protrude and joint defects tend to occur.
此外，较为理想的是，设定成将上述轴肩部的外径的平方值减去上述销的外径的平方值后得到的值，并使上述销的外径的平方值除以上述得到的值后的值大于0.2，且使上述销的外径的平方值除以上述销的外径乘上述轴肩部间的距离的值后的值大于1.2。In addition, it is preferable to set the value obtained by subtracting the square value of the pin outer diameter from the square value of the outer diameter of the shoulder portion, and divide the square value of the outer diameter of the pin by the above-mentioned The value after the value of is greater than 0.2, and the value after dividing the square value of the outer diameter of the above-mentioned pin by the value of the outer diameter of the above-mentioned pin multiplied by the distance between the above-mentioned shaft shoulders is greater than 1.2.
根据上述方法，若将上述轴肩部的外径的平方值减去销的外径的平方值后得到的值，并使销的外径的平方值除以上述得到的值后的值为0.2以下，则因销较细，使得抗拉伸力不足而导致容易折断，但若比0.2大，则因销比较粗而不容易折断。According to the above method, if the value obtained by subtracting the square value of the outer diameter of the pin from the square value of the outer diameter of the above-mentioned shoulder, and the value obtained after dividing the square value of the outer diameter of the pin by the value obtained above is 0.2 If the pin is thinner, the tensile strength is insufficient and it is easy to break, but if it is larger than 0.2, the pin is thick and it is not easy to break.
此外，较为理想的是，使上述销的外径的平方值除以上述销的外径乘上述轴肩部间的距离的值后的值大于1.2。若上述值为1.2以下，则因销较细，使得抗折力不足而导致容易折断，但若比1.2大，则因销比较粗而不容易折断。In addition, it is preferable that the value obtained by dividing the square value of the outer diameter of the pin by the outer diameter of the pin multiplied by the distance between the shoulders is greater than 1.2. If the above-mentioned value is 1.2 or less, the pin is thin and the bending resistance is insufficient and it is easy to break, but if it is larger than 1.2, the pin is relatively thick and it is not easy to break.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在对接后的部分的上述金属板的厚度不同的情况下，当将上述金属板的厚度较大的上述金属板相对于上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的行进方向配置在左侧时，使上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝右旋转。In addition, it is preferable that in the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plates in the butted part is different, when the metal plate having a larger thickness is stirred with respect to the biaxial shoulder, When the traveling direction of the head tool is arranged on the left side, the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder stirring head tool is rotated to the right.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在对接后的部分的上述金属板的厚度不同的情况下，当将上述金属板的厚度较大的上述金属板相对于上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的行进方向配置在右侧时，使上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝左旋转。In addition, it is preferable that in the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plates in the butted part is different, when the metal plate having a larger thickness is stirred with respect to the biaxial shoulder, When the traveling direction of the head tool is arranged on the right side, the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder stirring head tool is rotated to the left.
在摩擦搅拌接合中，在使旋转工具朝右旋转时，塑性流动化的金属会有从工具的行进方向的左侧(剪切侧：旋转工具的旋转速度加上旋转工具的移动速度一侧)朝工具行进方向的右侧(流动侧：旋转工具的旋转速度减去旋转工具的移动速度一侧)流动的趋势，因此，可以认为假设在金属板彼此间存在间隙的情况下，剪切侧的金属会填埋上述间隙。因此，若将厚度小的金属板配置在剪切侧，则金属不足而使接合后的塑性化区域的中央部厚度变小的趋势。In friction stir welding, when the rotary tool is rotated to the right, the plastic fluidized metal will move from the left side of the travel direction of the tool (shear side: the rotation speed of the rotary tool plus the moving speed of the rotary tool) tends to flow toward the right side of the tool traveling direction (flow side: the side where the rotation speed of the rotary tool minus the moving speed of the rotary tool), therefore, it can be considered that the shear side The metal will fill the aforementioned gaps. Therefore, if a thin metal plate is arranged on the shear side, there will be a tendency that the thickness of the central part of the plasticized region after joining will be reduced due to insufficient metal.
但是，在金属板的端面厚度不同的情况下，通过将厚度大的金属板配置于剪切侧，就能够补充金属不足，因此，能更理想地接合。However, when the thickness of the end surfaces of the metal plates is different, by arranging the thicker metal plate on the shear side, it is possible to make up for the lack of metal, and thus more ideal joining can be achieved.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在使上述第一轴肩部与上述金属板的装饰面相对，且使上述销的轴向中心与上述金属板的板厚方向的中心对准后，使从上述滑动轴侧观察为朝右旋转的上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销移动到将上述端面彼此对接后形成的对接部，在上述销的外周面的上述第一轴肩部侧形成有右螺纹的螺旋槽，上述右螺纹的螺旋槽相对于上述第一轴肩部与上述第二轴肩部间的距离以25％以上的比例形成。In addition, it is preferable that, in the joining step, when the first shoulder portion is opposed to the decorative surface of the metal plate and the center of the axial direction of the pin is aligned with the center of the metal plate in the thickness direction, Afterwards, the pin of the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder stirring head tool that is rotated clockwise as viewed from the side of the sliding shaft moves to the abutting portion formed by abutting the above-mentioned end faces with each other, and the above-mentioned first shoulder on the outer peripheral surface of the above-mentioned pin A helical groove of a right-hand thread is formed on the side of the right-hand thread, and the helical groove of the right-hand thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more relative to the distance between the first shoulder and the second shoulder.
根据上述接合方法，第一轴肩部侧的右螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由右螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具被朝滑动轴侧按压，从而能防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具过深地进入金属板的装饰面。藉此，能防止在装饰面产生凹槽，或者是即使形成有凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。According to the above joining method, the right-hand thread on the first shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, and therefore, due to the metal movement caused by the helical groove of the right-hand thread, the dual-shaft shoulder tool is pressed toward the sliding shaft side , which prevents the dual-spindle shoulder tool from penetrating too deeply into the decorative surface of the sheet metal. Thereby, it is possible to prevent grooves from being formed on the decorative surface, or to reduce the depth of the grooves even if the grooves are formed.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述外周面中的、从上述右螺纹的螺旋槽的端部到上述第二轴肩部之间，形成有左螺纹的螺旋槽。In addition, it is preferable that a left-hand threaded spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface between an end portion of the right-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder portion.
根据上述接合方法，能提高摩擦搅拌的搅拌效率。According to the joining method described above, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be improved.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在使上述第一轴肩部与上述金属板的装饰面相对，且使上述销的轴向中心与上述金属板的板厚方向的中心对准后，使从上述滑动轴侧观察为朝左旋转的上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销移动到将上述端面彼此对接后形成的对接部，在上述销的外周面的上述第一轴肩部侧形成有左螺纹的螺旋槽，上述左螺纹的螺旋槽相对于上述轴肩部间的距离以25％以上的比例形成。In addition, it is preferable that, in the joining step, when the first shoulder portion is opposed to the decorative surface of the metal plate and the center of the axial direction of the pin is aligned with the center of the metal plate in the thickness direction, Afterwards, the pin of the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool that is viewed from the side of the above-mentioned sliding shaft is moved to the abutting portion formed by abutting the above-mentioned end faces to each other, and the above-mentioned first shoulder on the outer peripheral surface of the above-mentioned pin A spiral groove of a left-hand thread is formed on the side of the shaft, and the spiral groove of the left-hand thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more of the distance between the shoulders.
根据上述接合方法，第一轴肩部侧的左螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由左螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具被朝滑动轴侧按压，从而能防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具过深地进入金属板的装饰面。藉此，能防止在装饰面产生凹槽，或者是即使形成有凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。According to the above joining method, the left thread on the first shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, and therefore, due to the metal movement caused by the helical groove of the left thread, the dual-shaft shoulder tool is pressed toward the slide shaft side , which prevents the dual-spindle shoulder tool from penetrating too deeply into the decorative surface of the sheet metal. Thereby, it is possible to prevent grooves from being formed on the decorative surface, or to reduce the depth of the grooves even if the grooves are formed.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述外周面中的、从上述左螺纹的螺旋槽的端部到上述第二轴肩部之间，形成有右螺纹的螺旋槽。In addition, it is preferable that a right-hand threaded spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface between an end portion of the left-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder portion.
根据上述接合方法，能提高摩擦搅拌的搅拌效率。According to the joining method described above, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be improved.
此外，较为理想的是，在接合工序中，在使所述第二轴肩部与所述金属板的装饰面相对，且使所述销的轴向中心与所述金属板的板厚方向的中心对准后，使从所述滑动轴侧观察为朝右旋转的所述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销移动到将所述端面彼此对接后形成的对接部，在上述销的外周面的上述第二轴肩部侧形成有左螺纹的螺旋槽，上述左螺纹的螺旋槽相对于上述轴肩部间的距离以25％以上的比例形成。In addition, it is preferable that in the joining step, the second shoulder portion is made to face the decorative surface of the metal plate, and the axial center of the pin is aligned with the center of the metal plate in the thickness direction of the metal plate. After centering, the pin of the biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool rotated to the right as viewed from the side of the sliding shaft is moved to the abutting portion formed by butting the end surfaces to each other, and on the outer peripheral surface of the above-mentioned pin A helical groove of a left-hand thread is formed on the side of the second shoulder, and the helical groove of the left-hand thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more of the distance between the shoulders.
根据上述接合方法，第二轴肩部侧的左螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由左螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具被朝与滑动轴相反的一侧按压，从而能防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具过深地进入金属板的装饰面。藉此，能防止在装饰面产生凹槽，或者是即使形成有凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。According to the above-mentioned joining method, the left thread on the second shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, and therefore, due to the metal movement caused by the helical groove of the left thread, the dual-shaft shoulder tool is moved opposite to the sliding axis. Pressing against one side of the tool prevents the dual-spindle shoulder tool from penetrating too deeply into the decorative surface of the sheet metal. Thereby, it is possible to prevent grooves from being formed on the decorative surface, or to reduce the depth of the grooves even if the grooves are formed.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述外周面中的、从上述左螺纹的螺旋槽的端部到上述第一轴肩部之间，形成有右螺纹的螺旋槽。Furthermore, preferably, a right-hand threaded spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface from an end portion of the left-handed spiral groove to the first shoulder portion.
根据上述接合方法，能提高摩擦搅拌的搅拌效率。According to the joining method described above, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be improved.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在使上述第二轴肩部与上述金属板的装饰面相对，且使上述销的轴向中心与上述金属板的板厚方向的中心对准后，使从上述滑动轴侧观察为朝左旋转的上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销移动到将上述端面彼此对接后形成的对接部，在上述销的外周面的上述第二轴肩部侧形成有右螺纹的螺旋槽，上述右螺纹的螺旋槽相对于上述轴肩部间的距离以25％以上的比例形成。In addition, it is preferable that, in the joining step, when the second shoulder portion is made to face the decorative surface of the metal plate and the center of the axial direction of the pin is aligned with the center of the metal plate in the thickness direction, Afterwards, the pin of the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool that is viewed from the side of the above-mentioned sliding shaft is moved to the abutment portion formed by abutting the above-mentioned end faces to each other, and the above-mentioned second shoulder on the outer peripheral surface of the above-mentioned pin A helical groove of a right-hand thread is formed on the portion side, and the helical groove of the right-hand thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more of the distance between the shoulders.
根据上述接合方法，第二轴肩部侧的右螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由右螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具被朝与滑动轴相反的一侧按压，从而能防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具过深地进入金属板的装饰面。藉此，能防止在装饰面产生凹槽，或者是即使形成有凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。According to the above joining method, the right-hand thread on the second shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, and therefore, due to the metal movement caused by the helical groove of the right-hand thread, the dual-shaft shoulder pad tool is directed opposite to the sliding axis. Pressing against one side of the tool prevents the dual-spindle shoulder tool from penetrating too deeply into the decorative surface of the sheet metal. Thereby, it is possible to prevent grooves from being formed on the decorative surface, or to reduce the depth of the grooves even if the grooves are formed.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述外周面中的、从上述右螺纹的螺旋槽的端部到上述第一轴肩部之间，形成有左螺纹的螺旋槽。Furthermore, preferably, a left-hand threaded spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface from an end portion of the right-handed spiral groove to the first shoulder portion.
根据上述接合方法，能提高摩擦搅拌的搅拌效率。According to the joining method described above, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be improved.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在对上述金属板的装饰面进行冷却的同时进行接合。In addition, it is preferable that in the joining step, the joining is performed while cooling the decorative surface of the metal plate.
根据上述接合方法，通过抑制流动化的金属的温度上升，能更进一步抑制凹槽的产生。According to the above joining method, by suppressing the temperature rise of the fluidized metal, the occurrence of grooves can be further suppressed.
此外，本发明还提供一种双层面板的组装体，其是使用本发明的第一方面的旋转工具单元，来对一对双层面板进行摩擦搅拌接合后形成的，其特征是，使形成在一方的上述双层面板的外板的端部上的钩部与形成在另一方的上述双层面板的外板的端部上的钩部卡合，将形成在一方的上述双层面板的内板的端部上的端面与另一方的上述双层面板的内板的端面对接，而不卡合。In addition, the present invention also provides an assembly of double-layered panels, which is formed by friction stirring a pair of double-layered panels using the rotary tool unit according to the first aspect of the present invention, and is characterized in that the formed The hook portion formed on the end of the outer plate of one of the above-mentioned double-layer panels is engaged with the hook portion formed on the end of the outer plate of the other above-mentioned double-layer panel, and the hook formed on one of the above-mentioned double-layer panels The end surface of the end portion of the inner panel is in contact with the end surface of the inner panel of the other double-layer panel without being engaged.
根据上述结构，通过使外板的钩部彼此卡合，就能够防止接合时双层面板彼此分开。若在内板也设置钩部，则双层面板彼此的对接的作业就会变得困难，因此，在本发明中，不在内板设置钩部，仅通过将端面彼此对接即可。藉此，能够使将双层面板对接的准备工序的作业更省力。According to the above configuration, by engaging the hook portions of the outer panels with each other, it is possible to prevent the two-layer panels from being separated from each other at the time of joining. If hooks are also provided on the inner panels, it will be difficult to butt the two-layer panels. Therefore, in the present invention, no hooks are provided on the inner panels, and only end faces are butted together. Thereby, the work of the preparatory process of butt-joining double-layer panels can be made labor-saving.
此外，较为理想的是，各上述钩部具有：薄壁部，该薄壁部从上述外板的厚壁部延伸设置；以及伸出部，该伸出部与上述薄壁部连续，并沿板厚方向伸出，使一对上述伸出部彼此卡合。In addition, it is preferable that each of the above-mentioned hooks has: a thin-walled portion extending from the thick-walled portion of the outer plate; The plate thickness direction protrudes, and a pair of said protruding parts are engaged with each other.
根据上述结构，能够以简单的结构设置钩部。According to the above configuration, the hook portion can be provided with a simple configuration.
此外，较为理想的是，在一方的上述双层面板的上述伸出部的侧部形成有伸出倾斜面，在另一方的上述双层面板的上述厚壁部形成有与上述伸出倾斜面面接触的厚壁倾斜面。In addition, it is preferable that a protruding inclined surface is formed on a side portion of the protruding portion of one of the double-layer panels, and a protruding inclined surface is formed on the thick portion of the other double-layer panel. Thick-walled sloped surfaces in surface contact.
根据上述结构，由于能使倾斜面彼此斜向地滑动，因此，能使双层面板彼此容易卡合。According to the above configuration, since the inclined surfaces can be slid obliquely, the two-layer panels can be easily engaged with each other.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述外板与上述内板之间夹设有支承板，在将从上述支承板到上述端面的长度设定为c(mm)，并将上述厚壁部的板厚设定为t(mm)时，满足c≤7.0×t+18.5mm。In addition, it is preferable that a support plate is interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate, the length from the support plate to the end surface is set to c (mm), and the plate of the thick portion is When the thickness is set as t (mm), it satisfies c≤7.0×t+18.5mm.
若从支承板到端面的距离很大，则存在构件的端部侧的变形变大的可能性，但根据上述结构，构件的端部侧的变形变小。If the distance from the support plate to the end surface is large, the deformation on the end side of the member may increase, but according to the above configuration, the deformation on the end side of the member becomes small.
本发明还提供一种双层面板的摩擦搅拌接合方法，使用本发明的第一方面的旋转工具单元，对一对双层面板的端部彼此进行摩擦搅拌接合，其特征是，包括：准备工序，在该准备工序中，将形成在一方的上述双层面板的外板的端部上的钩部与形成在另一方的上述双层面板的外板的端部上的钩部卡合，并且将形成在一方的上述双层面板的内板的端部上的端面与另一方的上述双层面板的内板的端面对接，而不卡合；以及接合工序，在该接合工序中，对在上述准备工序中卡合后的卡合部及对接后的对接部进行摩擦搅拌接合。The present invention also provides a friction stir welding method for double-layer panels, which uses the rotary tool unit according to the first aspect of the present invention to perform friction stir welding on the ends of a pair of double-layer panels, and is characterized in that it includes: a preparation step , in the preparatory step, engaging the hook portion formed on the end portion of the outer plate of one of the above-mentioned double-layer panels with the hook portion formed on the end portion of the outer plate of the other above-mentioned double-layer panel, and The end surface formed on the end of the inner panel of one of the above-mentioned double-layer panels is brought into contact with the end surface of the inner panel of the other above-mentioned double-layer panel without engagement; Friction stir welding is performed on the engaged portion after engagement and the butted portion after butting in the above-mentioned preparatory process.
根据上述接合方法，通过使外板的钩部彼此卡合，就能够防止接合时双层面板彼此分开。若在内板也设置钩部，双层面板彼此的对接的作业会变得困难，因此，在本发明中，不在内板设置钩部，而仅通过将端面对接即可。藉此，能够使将双层面板对接的准备工序的作业更省力。According to the joining method described above, by engaging the hook portions of the outer panels with each other, it is possible to prevent the two-layer panels from being separated from each other at the time of joining. If the hooks are also provided on the inner panels, it will be difficult to butt the two-layer panels. Therefore, in the present invention, the hooks are not provided on the inner panels, and only the end faces are butted together. Thereby, the work of the preparatory process of butt-joining double-layer panels can be made labor-saving.
此外，较为理想的是，在上述接合工序中，在将上述卡合部接合后，再将上述对接部接合。In addition, it is preferable that, in the joining step, after joining the engaging parts, the butting parts are joined.
从接合强度的观点上看，无论先将卡合部及接合部中的哪个接合均没有问题，但根据上述的方法，能够缩小接合后的金属板彼此的角变形。From the viewpoint of joint strength, there is no problem regardless of whether the engaging portion or the joining portion is joined first, but according to the method described above, the angular deformation of the joined metal plates can be reduced.
发明效果Invention effect
根据本发明的旋转工具单元及摩擦搅拌接合方法，能够抑制接合缺陷的产生，并能理想地进行接合。此外，根据本发明的双层面板的组装体及双层面板的摩擦搅拌接合方法，能够理想地将双层面板接合。According to the rotary tool unit and the friction stir welding method of the present invention, the occurrence of welding defects can be suppressed and ideal welding can be performed. Moreover, according to the assembly body of a double-layer panel of this invention, and the friction stir welding method of a double-layer panel, double-layer panels can be bonded ideally.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是表示实施方式1的摩擦搅拌装置和中空型材的立体图。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a friction stir device and a hollow profile according to Embodiment 1. FIG.
图2是表示中空型材的对接状态，其中，图2(a)表示对接前，图2(b)表示对接后。Fig. 2 shows the docking state of hollow profiles, wherein Fig. 2(a) shows before butt-joining, and Fig. 2(b) shows after butt-jointing.
图3是表示实施方式3的摩擦搅拌装置的立体图，其中，图3(a)表示整体图，图3(b)表示保持件、滑动轴及滑动元件。3 is a perspective view showing a friction stir device according to Embodiment 3, wherein FIG. 3( a ) shows an overall view, and FIG. 3( b ) shows a holder, a slide shaft, and a slide element.
图4是图3的I－I剖视图。FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line II of FIG. 3 .
图5是图3的II－II剖视图。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 3 .
图6是表示实施方式1的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的侧视图。FIG. 6 is a side view showing a biaxial shoulder pad tool according to Embodiment 1. FIG.
图7是表示实施方式1的摩擦搅拌接合方法的图，其中，图7(a)是侧剖视图，图7(b)是图7(a)的III－III端面图。7 is a view showing the friction stir welding method according to Embodiment 1, wherein FIG. 7( a ) is a side sectional view, and FIG. 7( b ) is a III-III end view of FIG. 7( a ).
图8是表示实施方式2的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的侧视图。FIG. 8 is a side view showing a biaxial shoulder pad tool according to Embodiment 2. FIG.
图9是表示实施方式2的摩擦搅拌接合方法的侧剖视图。FIG. 9 is a side sectional view showing a friction stir welding method according to Embodiment 2. FIG.
图10(a)表示摩擦搅拌接合方法的第一变形例，图10(b)表示摩擦搅拌接合方法的第二变形例。FIG. 10( a ) shows a first modification of the friction stir welding method, and FIG. 10( b ) shows a second modification of the friction stir welding method.
图11是表示变形例的旋转工具单元的图，其中，图11(a)是侧剖视图，图11(b)是图11(a)的IV－IV剖视图。11 is a view showing a rotary tool unit according to a modified example, wherein FIG. 11( a ) is a side sectional view, and FIG. 11( b ) is a IV-IV sectional view of FIG. 11( a ).
图12是表示实施方式3的双层面板的立体图。FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a double-layer panel according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图13是表示实施方式3的摩擦搅拌装置的立体图。FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a friction stir device according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图14是表示实施方式3的旋转工具单元的立体图。FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a rotary tool unit according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图15是表示实施方式3的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的侧视图。FIG. 15 is a side view showing a biaxial shoulder pad tool according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图16是表示实施方式3的摩擦搅拌接合方法的准备工序的主视图。FIG. 16 is a front view showing a preparation step of the friction stir welding method according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图17是表示实施方式3的摩擦搅拌接合方法的第一接合工序的立体图。17 is a perspective view showing a first welding step of the friction stir welding method according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图18是表示实施方式3的摩擦搅拌接合方法的第二接合工序的立体图。18 is a perspective view showing a second welding step of the friction stir welding method according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
图19是表示实施方式3的卡合形态的变形例的主视图。FIG. 19 is a front view showing a modified example of the engagement form of Embodiment 3. FIG.
图20是表示实施例1中的试验体的组合的表。FIG. 20 is a table showing combinations of test bodies in Example 1. FIG.
图21是表示在实施例1中，试验体H1的间隙与接合部的厚度间的关系的图。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the relationship between the gap of the test body H1 and the thickness of the joint in Example 1. FIG.
图22是表示在实施例1中，试验体H3的间隙与接合部的厚度间的关系的图。FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the gap of the test body H3 and the thickness of the junction in Example 1. FIG.
图23是表示在实施方式1中，影响接合质量的金属板的厚度与间隙间的关系的表，其示出了Ad侧的厚度＝Re侧的厚度的情况。FIG. 23 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap affecting the joining quality in Embodiment 1, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side=thickness on the Re side.
图24是表示影响接合质量的金属板厚度与间隙间的关系的表，其示出了使Ad侧的厚度变化、而将Re侧的厚度固定的情况。FIG. 24 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side is changed and the thickness on the Re side is fixed.
图25是表示影响接合质量的金属板厚度与间隙间的关系的表，其示出了将Ad侧的厚度固定、而使Re侧的厚度变化的情况。FIG. 25 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality, and shows a case where the thickness on the Ad side is fixed and the thickness on the Re side is changed.
图26(a)是表示在实施例1中，间隙与Cr部的厚度间的关系的表，图26(b)是表示在实施例1中，间隙与Ad部的厚度间的关系的表。26( a ) is a table showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Cr portion in Example 1, and FIG. 26( b ) is a table showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Ad portion in Example 1.
图27(a)是表示在实施例1中，间隙与Re部的厚度间的关系的表，图27(b)是表示在实施例1中，间隙与平均厚度间的关系的图。27( a ) is a table showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Re portion in Example 1, and FIG. 27( b ) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the average thickness in Example 1.
图28是表示在实施例2中，影响接合质量的金属板的厚度与间隙间的关系的图，其示出了Ad侧的厚度＝Re侧的厚度的情况。28 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality in Example 2, showing the case where the thickness on the Ad side=thickness on the Re side.
图29是表示在实施例1中，将轴肩部间的距离固定为5.8mm时各双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸和接合状况的表。Fig. 29 is a table showing the dimensions and joining status of each biaxial shoulder paddle tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 5.8 mm in Example 1.
图30是表示在实施例2中，将轴肩部间的距离固定为2.8mm时各双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸和接合状况的表。Fig. 30 is a table showing the dimensions and joining conditions of each biaxial shoulder paddle tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 2.8 mm in Example 2.
图31是表示在参考例中，将轴肩部间的距离固定为11.5mm时各双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸和接合状况的表。Fig. 31 is a table showing the dimensions and joining conditions of each biaxial shoulder paddle tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 11.5 mm in the reference example.
图32是表示在实施例3中，螺纹比例对金属板的高低差带来的影响(对接部的间隙为0mm)的图。32 is a graph showing the influence of the thread ratio on the level difference of the metal plate in Example 3 (the gap between the butt joints is 0 mm).
图33是表示在实施例3中，螺纹比例对金属板的高低差带来的影响(对接部的间隙为1.5mm)的图。33 is a graph showing the influence of the thread ratio on the level difference of the metal plate in Example 3 (the gap between the butt joints is 1.5 mm).
图34是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件A的金属板的塑性化区域的图。FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under the condition A in Example 3, when the gaps of the butting portions are different.
图35是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件B的金属板的塑性化区域的图。FIG. 35 is a diagram showing plasticized regions of metal sheets under condition B in Example 3 when gaps between butting portions are different.
图36是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件C的金属板的塑性化区域的图。FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under condition C in Example 3 when the gaps of the butting portions are different.
图37是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件D的金属板的塑性化区域的图。FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under the condition D in Example 3 when the gaps between the butting portions are different.
图38是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件E的金属板的塑性化区域的图。FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under condition E in Example 3 when the gaps between the butting portions are different.
图39是将实施例3的结果汇总后的表。FIG. 39 is a table summarizing the results of Example 3. FIG.
图40是将使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝左旋转时的情况汇总后的表。Fig. 40 is a table summarizing the situation when the biaxial shoulder tool is rotated counterclockwise.
图41是表示实施例4的卡合形态或对接形态的主视图，其中，图41(a)表示类型I，图41(b)表示类型II，图41(c)表示类型III。Fig. 41 is a front view showing the engagement form or the docking form of Embodiment 4, wherein Fig. 41(a) shows Type I, Fig. 41(b) shows Type II, and Fig. 41(c) shows Type III.
图42是表示实施例4的类型I的角变形的结果的图。FIG. 42 is a graph showing the results of Type I angular deformation in Example 4. FIG.
图43是表示实施例4的类型II的角变形的结果的图。FIG. 43 is a graph showing the results of Type II angular deformation in Example 4. FIG.
图44是表示实施例4的类型III的角变形的结果的图。FIG. 44 is a graph showing the results of Type III angular deformation in Example 4. FIG.
图45是将实施例4的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转方向、螺旋槽的卷绕方向、卡合形态汇总后的表。45 is a table summarizing the rotation direction, the winding direction of the spiral groove, and the engagement form of the biaxial shoulder pad tool in Example 4. FIG.
图46是用于表示实施例6的图，图46(a)表示待试验体，图46(b)是将各条件汇总后的表。Fig. 46 is a diagram showing Example 6, in which Fig. 46(a) shows a sample to be tested, and Fig. 46(b) is a table summarizing various conditions.
图47是表示实施例6的板厚a与长度c的关联关系的图。FIG. 47 is a diagram showing the relationship between the plate thickness a and the length c in Example 6. FIG.
具体实施方式detailed description
[实施方式1][Embodiment 1]
以下，参照附图，对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。如图1所示，本实施方式的摩擦搅拌装置1是对经对接后的一对金属板的对接部N进行摩擦搅拌接合的装置。在摩擦搅拌装置1的前端安装有双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5。首先，对所要接合的一对金属板进行说明。说明中的上、下、前、后、左、右按照图1的箭头方向。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the friction stir apparatus 1 of this embodiment is an apparatus which performs friction stir welding to the butted part N of a pair of butted metal plates. A biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 is attached to the front end of the friction stir device 1 . First, a pair of metal plates to be joined will be described. The up, down, front, back, left, and right in the description follow the directions of the arrows in Fig. 1 .
<中空型材><Hollow profile>
如图2(a)所示，在本实施方式中，例示了将中空型材100A与中空型材100B接合的情况。中空型材100A是铝合金制的挤压材料，且是具有截面呈矩形的中空部100a的长条构件。中空型材100A具有包括中空部100a的主体部101、从主体部101的左侧面上下端分别朝左侧(中空型材100B一侧)伸出的板状端部102、103。As shown in FIG. 2( a ), in this embodiment, the case where the hollow profile 100A is joined to the hollow profile 100B is exemplified. The hollow profile 100A is an extruded material made of aluminum alloy, and is an elongated member having a hollow portion 100a having a rectangular cross section. The hollow profile 100A has a main body 101 including a hollow portion 100a, and plate-shaped end portions 102, 103 protruding from the left upper and lower ends of the main body 101 toward the left side (hollow profile 100B side), respectively.
主体部101由四个面材料104、105、106、107构成，其截面形成为矩形。板状端部102、103呈板状，并垂直于面材料105。板状端部102、103的左右方向长度为面材料104的一半左右。此外，板状端部102、103的厚度与面材料104、105、106、107的厚度相同。板状端部102、103是相当于权利要求书中的“金属板”的部位。The main body part 101 is comprised from four surface materials 104, 105, 106, 107, and the cross section is formed in rectangular shape. The plate-shaped ends 102 , 103 are plate-shaped and perpendicular to the surface material 105 . The length in the left-right direction of the plate-shaped end portions 102 and 103 is about half of the surface material 104 . In addition, the thickness of the plate-shaped end part 102,103 is the same as the thickness of the surface material 104,105,106,107. The plate-shaped end portions 102 and 103 correspond to a "metal plate" in the claims.
中空型材100B是具有与中空型材100A相同形状的金属构件。中空型材100B标注与中空型材100A相同的符号，而省略详细说明。The hollow profile 100B is a metal member having the same shape as the hollow profile 100A. The hollow profile 100B is denoted by the same reference numerals as the hollow profile 100A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
在中空型材100A与中空型材100B对接时，使中空型材100A的板状端部102、103分别与中空型材100B的板状端部102、103对接。更详细地说，使中空型材100A的板状端部102的端面102a与中空型材100B的板状端部102的端面102a对接，使中空型材100A的板状端部103的端面103a与中空型材100B的板状端部103的端面103a对接。如图2(b)所示，在使中空型材100A与中空型材100B对接时，端面102a、102a的高度方向的中心彼此重叠，并且，板状端部102、102的各上表面齐平，板状端部102、102的各下表面齐平。When the hollow profile 100A is butted against the hollow profile 100B, the plate-shaped ends 102 and 103 of the hollow profile 100A are respectively butted against the plate-shaped ends 102 and 103 of the hollow profile 100B. More specifically, the end surface 102a of the plate-shaped end 102 of the hollow profile 100A is butted against the end surface 102a of the plate-shaped end 102 of the hollow profile 100B, and the end surface 103a of the plate-shaped end 103 of the hollow profile 100A is connected to the hollow profile 100B. The end face 103a of the plate-shaped end portion 103 is butted against. As shown in Figure 2 (b), when the hollow profile 100A is docked with the hollow profile 100B, the centers in the height direction of the end faces 102a, 102a overlap each other, and the upper surfaces of the plate-shaped end parts 102, 102 are flush, and the plate-shaped ends 102, 102 are flush with each other. The respective lower surfaces of the shaped ends 102, 102 are flush.
如图2(b)所示，将使端面102a与端面102a、端面103a与端面103a对接后的部分称为“对接部N”。在将对接部N进行接合时，最好使端面102a与端面102a紧密接触，但有时会因中空型材100A、100B的公差或接合时的摩擦热，使板状端部102、102发生变形，而在端面102a与端面102a间产生细小的间隙。对接部N是包括端面102a与端面102a之间产生细小间隙的情况在内的概念。As shown in FIG.2(b), the part which made the end surface 102a and the end surface 102a, and the end surface 103a and the end surface 103a butt is called "butt part N." When joining the abutting portion N, it is preferable to make the end surfaces 102a and 102a closely contact each other, but the plate-shaped end portions 102, 102 may be deformed due to the tolerance of the hollow profiles 100A, 100B or the frictional heat at the time of joining. A small gap is generated between the end surface 102a and the end surface 102a. The butt portion N is a concept including a case where a small gap is generated between the end surfaces 102a and the end surfaces 102a.
另外，在本实施方式中，例示了将中空型材的板状端部作为所要接合的对象，但所要接合的对象由能摩擦搅拌的金属形成，只要是呈板状的构件，并无特别的限制。In addition, in this embodiment, the plate-shaped end of the hollow profile is exemplified as the object to be joined, but the object to be joined is formed of metal that can be friction stirred, and there is no particular limitation as long as it is a plate-shaped member. .
<摩擦搅拌装置><Friction Stir Device>
如图3所示，摩擦搅拌装置1主要由夹头部1a和固定在夹头部1a内部的旋转工具单元2构成。如图4所示，夹头部1a是包括凸缘的圆筒状构件，并使用螺钉B1而与摩擦搅拌装置1的主体D连接。夹头部1a是通过摩擦搅拌装置1的驱动旋转而绕轴旋转的部位。在夹头部1a的内周形成有圆筒面1b。As shown in FIG. 3 , the friction stir device 1 is mainly composed of a collet portion 1 a and a rotary tool unit 2 fixed inside the collet portion 1 a. As shown in FIG. 4 , the collet portion 1 a is a cylindrical member including a flange, and is connected to the main body D of the friction stir device 1 using screws B1 . The collet portion 1 a is a portion that is rotated about an axis by the driving rotation of the friction stir device 1 . A cylindrical surface 1b is formed on the inner periphery of the chuck portion 1a.
如图4所示，旋转工具单元2由保持件3、滑动轴4、双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5和滑动元件6构成。旋转工具单元2可相对于夹头部1a装拆。As shown in FIG. 4 , the rotary tool unit 2 is composed of a holder 3 , a slide shaft 4 , a biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 and a slide member 6 . The rotary tool unit 2 can be attached to and detached from the collet portion 1a.
保持件3是内置有滑动轴4且固定在夹头部1a内部的构件。保持件3呈圆筒状。在保持件3的外表面形成有沿着上下方向平坦地延伸设置的平坦面3a，因此，圆筒面1b与平坦面3a之间形成细小的间隙。螺栓2B、2B从夹头部1a的外表面朝径向进行紧固，其前端与平坦面3a抵接。藉此，夹头部1a与保持件3一体地旋转。此外，如图5所示，保持件3形成有沿径向贯通的长孔状的键槽3b。The holder 3 is a member which incorporates the slide shaft 4 and is fixed inside the collet portion 1a. The holder 3 has a cylindrical shape. A flat surface 3 a is formed on the outer surface of the holder 3 to extend flatly in the vertical direction, so that a small gap is formed between the cylindrical surface 1 b and the flat surface 3 a. The bolts 2B, 2B are fastened radially from the outer surface of the chuck portion 1a, and their tips come into contact with the flat surface 3a. Thereby, the chuck portion 1 a rotates integrally with the holder 3 . In addition, as shown in FIG. 5 , the holder 3 is formed with a long-hole-shaped key groove 3 b penetrating in the radial direction.
如图4所示，滑动轴4呈圆筒状，其是配置于保持件3的中空部的构件。滑动轴4相对于保持件3能在上下方向上移动。如图5所示，在滑动轴4的外表面形成有朝外侧突出的键4a。键4a与键槽3b卡合，藉此，保持件3与滑动轴4一体地旋转。As shown in FIG. 4 , the slide shaft 4 has a cylindrical shape and is a member disposed in the hollow portion of the holder 3 . The slide shaft 4 is movable in the up and down direction relative to the holder 3 . As shown in FIG. 5 , a key 4 a protruding outward is formed on the outer surface of the slide shaft 4 . The key 4a is engaged with the key groove 3b, whereby the holder 3 and the slide shaft 4 rotate integrally.
如图6所示，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5例如由工具钢形成，并与滑动轴4连接。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5与夹头部1a、保持件3及滑动轴4一体地朝正反方向的旋转。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5具有第一轴肩部11、在第一轴肩部11的下方隔着间隔设置的第二轴肩部12、将第一轴肩部11与第二轴肩部12连结的销13。As shown in FIG. 6 , the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is formed of, for example, tool steel, and is connected to the slide shaft 4 . The biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 rotates in forward and reverse directions integrally with the collet portion 1 a, the holder 3 and the slide shaft 4 . The double-shaft shoulder stirring head type tool 5 has a first shaft shoulder 11, a second shaft shoulder 12 arranged at intervals below the first shaft shoulder 11, and the first shaft shoulder 11 and the second shaft shoulder Part 12 is connected by pin 13.
第一轴肩部11和第二轴肩部12呈圆柱状，并具有相同的外径。销13呈圆柱状，并将第一轴肩部11与第二轴肩部12连结。销13贯通第二轴肩部12。贯通第二轴肩部12的销13在第二轴肩部12的下端通过螺母紧固。在销13的外周面刻有上部螺旋槽13a和下部螺旋槽13b。上部螺旋槽13a及下部螺旋槽13b的槽方向以朝彼此相反的方向卷绕的方式刻设。The first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 are cylindrical and have the same outer diameter. The pin 13 has a cylindrical shape and connects the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 . The pin 13 penetrates through the second shoulder 12 . The pin 13 passing through the second shoulder 12 is fastened at the lower end of the second shoulder 12 by a nut. An upper helical groove 13a and a lower helical groove 13b are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pin 13 . The groove directions of the upper helical groove 13a and the lower helical groove 13b are engraved so as to be wound in opposite directions.
上部螺旋槽13a从第一肩轴11的下端刻设至销13的高度方向的中间位置。在本实施方式中，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转，因此，上部螺旋槽13a以右螺纹的方式形成。也就是说，上部螺旋槽13a是以从上向下朝右侧卷绕的方式刻设。The upper helical groove 13 a is engraved from the lower end of the first shoulder shaft 11 to the middle position in the height direction of the pin 13 . In the present embodiment, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is rotated clockwise, so that the upper helical groove 13a is formed as a right thread. That is, the upper helical groove 13a is engraved so as to be wound from top to bottom toward the right side.
另一方面，下部螺旋槽13b从第二肩轴12的上端刻设至销13的高度方向的中间位置。在本实施方式中，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转，因此，下部螺旋槽13b以左螺纹的方式形成。也就是说，下部螺旋槽13b是以从上向下朝左卷绕的方式刻设。On the other hand, the lower helical groove 13b is engraved from the upper end of the second shoulder shaft 12 to the middle position in the height direction of the pin 13 . In this embodiment, since the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is rotated clockwise, the lower helical groove 13b is formed as a left thread. That is, the lower helical groove 13b is engraved so as to wind from top to bottom to the left.
通过如上所述形成上部螺旋槽13a及下部螺旋槽13b，经摩擦搅拌而塑性流动化后的金属便会从板状端部102的高度方向的中央部分朝上端方向或下端方向稍许移动。另外，上述朝上下方向的金属移动与因双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的销13的旋转而使金属在周方向上的移动相比，仅仅是微量。By forming the upper helical groove 13a and the lower helical groove 13b as described above, the metal plastically fluidized by friction stirring moves slightly toward the upper end or the lower end from the central portion in the height direction of the plate-shaped end portion 102 . In addition, the metal movement in the vertical direction mentioned above is only a small amount compared with the movement of the metal in the circumferential direction due to the rotation of the pin 13 of the biaxial shoulder tool 5 .
对于螺旋槽的卷绕方向或所刻设的比例，只要根据所要接合的金属板的装饰面与双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的位置关系、双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转方向等来适当地设定即可。在本实施方式中，虽对销13刻设有右螺纹和左螺纹这两种螺旋槽，但也可以对销13全部刻设右螺旋的螺旋槽，或是全部刻设左螺旋的螺旋槽。此外，在本实施方式中，虽在第一轴肩部11侧刻设右螺纹，在第二轴肩部12侧刻设左螺纹，但也可以在第一轴肩部11侧刻设左螺纹，在第二轴肩部12侧刻设右螺纹。As for the winding direction of the spiral groove or the engraved ratio, it only needs to be based on the positional relationship between the decorative surface of the metal plate to be joined and the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5, the rotation direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool, etc. to set appropriately. In this embodiment, although the pin 13 is provided with two types of helical grooves, namely a right-handed thread and a left-handed thread, all the pins 13 may be provided with right-handed helical grooves or all left-handed helical grooves. In addition, in this embodiment, although right-hand threads are engraved on the first shoulder portion 11 side and left-hand threads are engraved on the second shoulder portion 12 side, left-hand threads may also be engraved on the first shoulder portion 11 side. , engraved right thread on the second shoulder portion 12 side.
如图6所示，较为理想的是，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的轴肩部间的距离Z(销13的长度)与中空型材100A的板状端部102的厚度T相同或比中空型材100A的板状端部102的厚度T小。例如，在本实施方式中，轴肩部间的距离Z比中空型材100A的板状端部102的厚度T小0.2mm。As shown in Figure 6, it is more desirable to make the distance Z (the length of the pin 13) between the shoulders of the double-shaft shoulder stirring head tool 5 the same as the thickness T of the plate-shaped end 102 of the hollow profile 100A or It is smaller than the thickness T of the plate-shaped end portion 102 of the hollow profile 100A. For example, in the present embodiment, the distance Z between the shoulders is 0.2 mm smaller than the thickness T of the plate-shaped end 102 of the hollow profile 100A.
另外，在能将对接部N(参照图2(b))的端面102a、102a的间隙设定为0.75mm以下的情况下，即便将板状端部102的厚度T与轴肩部的间距Z设定为相同，即T－Z＝0，也能够获得良好的接合状态。In addition, when the gap between the end faces 102a and 102a of the butt portion N (see FIG. Even if it is set to be the same, that is, TZ=0, a good bonding state can be obtained.
此外，在能将对接部N的端面102a、102a的间隙设定为1.00mm以下的情况下，较为理想的是，将板状端部102的厚度T与轴肩部的间距Z设定为0.2mm≤T－Z≤0.8mm。In addition, when the gap between the end faces 102a, 102a of the butting portion N can be set to 1.00 mm or less, it is desirable to set the distance Z between the thickness T of the plate-shaped end portion 102 and the shoulder portion to 0.2 mm. mm≤T－Z≤0.8mm.
在能将对接部N的端面102a、102a的间隙设定为大于1.00mm、且为1.75mm以下的情况下，较为理想的是，将板状端部102的厚度T与轴肩部的间距Z设定为0.4mm≤T－Z≤0.8mm。In the case where the gap between the end faces 102a, 102a of the abutting portion N can be set to be greater than 1.00 mm and not more than 1.75 mm, it is desirable to set the distance Z between the thickness T of the plate-shaped end portion 102 and the shoulder portion Set to 0.4mm≤T－Z≤0.8mm.
此外，较为理想的是，将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5设定成使第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12的外径X的平方值除以销13的外径Y的平方值后的值比2.0大。根据上述的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5，能利用第一轴肩部11与第二轴肩部12来抑制作为毛边而排出的材料量，因此，能减少接合缺陷的产生。In addition, it is more desirable to set the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 so that the square value of the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 is divided by the outer diameter Y of the pin 13. The squared value is greater than 2.0. According to the aforementioned twin-shaft shoulder tool 5 , the amount of material discharged as burrs can be suppressed by the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 , and thus the occurrence of joining defects can be reduced.
此外，较为理想的是，将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5设定成第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12的外径X的平方值减去销13的外径Y的平方值后得到的值，并使销13的外径Y的平方值除以上述得到的值后的值比0.2大。根据上述的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5，能够充分地确保接合时销相对于在工具轴向上产生的材料阻力的抗拉伸力，因此，能防止销13的破损。In addition, it is more desirable to set the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 as the square value of the outer diameter X of the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 minus the square value of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 The value obtained after the value, and the value obtained after dividing the square value of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 by the value obtained above is greater than 0.2. According to the above-described biaxial shoulder tool 5 , the pin's tensile force against the material resistance generated in the tool axial direction can be sufficiently secured at the time of joining, so that the pin 13 can be prevented from being damaged.
此外，较为理想的是，将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5设定成使销13的外径Y的平方值除以销13的外径Y乘轴肩部间的距离Z后的值比1.2大。根据上述的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5，能够充分确保接合时销相对于沿与工具行进方向相反的方向流动的材料阻力的抗折力，因此，能防止销13的破损。对于上述根据，将在实施例中予以记载。In addition, it is more desirable to set the biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool 5 so that the square value of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 divided by the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 multiplied by the distance Z between the shoulders than 1.2 large. According to the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder tool 5 , sufficient bending resistance of the pin against material resistance flowing in a direction opposite to the tool advancing direction at the time of joining can be ensured, thereby preventing breakage of the pin 13 . For the above reasons, it will be described in the examples.
如图3(b)及图4所示，滑动元件6是使滑动轴4相对于保持件3在上下方向上顺畅地移动的机构。滑动元件6由形成在保持件3的内表面上的轴承槽8和在轴承槽8内滑动的球轴承9构成。如图3(b)所示，轴承槽8在保持件3的内表面型材为侧视呈长圆状。轴承槽8的深度比球轴承9的直径小。球轴承9在轴承槽8的内部配置有多个。球轴承9的一端与滑动轴4的外表面滑动接触，且另一端与轴承槽8的内表面滑动接触。As shown in FIG. 3( b ) and FIG. 4 , the slide element 6 is a mechanism for smoothly moving the slide shaft 4 in the vertical direction relative to the holder 3 . The sliding member 6 is composed of a bearing groove 8 formed on the inner surface of the holder 3 and a ball bearing 9 sliding in the bearing groove 8 . As shown in FIG. 3( b ), the profile of the bearing groove 8 on the inner surface of the holder 3 is oblong in side view. The depth of the bearing groove 8 is smaller than the diameter of the ball bearing 9 . A plurality of ball bearings 9 are arranged inside the bearing groove 8 . One end of the ball bearing 9 is in sliding contact with the outer surface of the slide shaft 4 , and the other end is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the bearing groove 8 .
另外，滑动元件6的结构不限定于本实施方式的结构。滑动元件6只要构成为能使保持件3和滑动轴4一体地旋转，并且使滑动轴4相对于保持件3在上下方向上顺畅地移动即可。例如，也可以在滑动轴4侧设置轴承槽8和球轴承9。In addition, the structure of the sliding element 6 is not limited to the structure of this embodiment. The slide element 6 should just be configured so that the holder 3 and the slide shaft 4 can rotate integrally and the slide shaft 4 can smoothly move up and down relative to the holder 3 . For example, a bearing groove 8 and a ball bearing 9 may be provided on the slide shaft 4 side.
在此，在进行摩擦搅拌接合时，有时会因摩擦热而使板状端部102、102的温度上升，并使板状端部102、102朝上方或下方翘曲。在本实施方式的摩擦搅拌装置1中，由于滑动轴4形成为能相对于保持件3移动，因此，在板状端部102朝例如上方翘曲时，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5能随着上述翘曲而朝上方移动规定距离。另一方面，在板状端部102朝下方翘曲时，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5能随着上述翘曲而朝下方移动规定距离。藉此，能够抑制在摩擦搅拌接合中双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5相对于金属板的位置偏移。Here, when friction stir welding is performed, the temperature of the plate-shaped end portions 102, 102 may rise due to frictional heat, and the plate-shaped end portions 102, 102 may warp upward or downward. In the friction stir device 1 of the present embodiment, since the slide shaft 4 is formed to be movable relative to the holder 3, when the plate-shaped end portion 102 is warped upward, for example, the biaxial shoulder stirrer tool 5 can It moves upward by a predetermined distance according to the above-mentioned warping. On the other hand, when the plate-shaped end portion 102 is warped downward, the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 can move downward by a predetermined distance in accordance with the warpage. Thereby, the positional displacement of the biaxial shoulder tool 5 with respect to a metal plate can be suppressed in friction stir welding.
接着，对使用实施方式1的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的接合方法进行说明。Next, a joining method using the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 of Embodiment 1 will be described.
在实施方式1的接合方法中，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转来进行接合。具体来说，在这种接合方法中，进行使中空型材彼此对接的对接工序和将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5插入对接部N的接合工序。在此，将表面Sa设定为装饰面。In the joining method according to Embodiment 1, the joining is performed by rotating the biaxial shoulder tool 5 clockwise. Specifically, in this joining method, a butt joining process of butting the hollow profiles and a joining process of inserting the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 into the butt joint portion N are performed. Here, the surface Sa is set as a decorative surface.
在对接工序中，如图2所示，使中空型材100A与中空型材100B的板状端部102彼此相对，使端面102a与端面102a、端面103a与端面103a面接触。更详细地说，以使一方的端面102a的中点与另一方的端面102a的中点重叠的方式面接触。在对接后，可沿着对接部N通过焊接等方式进行临时接合，而使中空型材100A与中空型材100B不分开。在使中空型材100A与中空型材100B对接后，将两者固定使其不能移动。In the butt joint process, as shown in FIG. 2 , the hollow profiles 100A and 100B have plate-like ends 102 facing each other, and end surfaces 102 a and 102 a , and end surfaces 103 a and 103 a are in surface contact. More specifically, they are in surface contact so that the midpoint of one end surface 102a overlaps with the midpoint of the other end surface 102a. After the butt joint, temporary joining can be performed by welding or the like along the joint portion N so that the hollow profile 100A and the hollow profile 100B are not separated. After docking the hollow profile 100A and the hollow profile 100B, both are fixed so that they cannot move.
在接合工序中，首先，在对接部N的外部，使销13的中心13c位于与对接部N的中心Nc重叠的位置。接着，如图7所示，使右旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5沿着对接部N移动。在双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5插入对接部N后，利用高速旋转的销13对销13周围的金属进行摩擦搅拌，并使板状端部102之间一体化。在销13的轨迹上形成有塑性化区域W。In the bonding step, first, the center 13c of the pin 13 is positioned to overlap the center Nc of the mating portion N outside the mating portion N. As shown in FIG. Next, as shown in FIG. 7 , the right-rotating biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 is moved along the butting portion N. As shown in FIG. After the biaxial shoulder stirring tool 5 is inserted into the butt joint N, the metal around the pin 13 is friction stirred by the pin 13 rotating at high speed, and the plate-shaped end portions 102 are integrated. A plasticized region W is formed on the track of the pin 13 .
根据以上说明的本实施方式的接合方法，即使因摩擦搅拌接合的摩擦热而使板状端部(金属板)102、102翘曲，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5也会随着上述翘曲而在上下方向上顺畅地移动。藉此，能够抑制销13的中心13c与对接部N的中心Nc的高度位置发生偏移。因此，能防止接合位置发生偏移。According to the joining method of the present embodiment described above, even if the plate-shaped end portions (metal plates) 102, 102 are warped due to the frictional heat of friction stir welding, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 will follow the warping. Curved and moves smoothly up and down. Thereby, it can suppress that the height position of the center 13c of the pin 13 and the center Nc of the mating part N deviate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the engagement position from shifting.
此外，像本实施方式这样，通过将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的轴肩部间的距离Z设定为板状端部102的厚度T以下，就能够对塑性流动化的金属进行按压，因此，能防止因摩擦搅拌而塑性流动化的金属溢出至第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12的外部。藉此，能够抑制接合缺陷的产生。另外，若T－Z的值超过0.8，则会增大对摩擦搅拌装置1的负荷，因此，不合适。Furthermore, as in the present embodiment, by setting the distance Z between the shoulders of the biaxial shoulder tool 5 to be equal to or less than the thickness T of the plate-shaped end portion 102, it is possible to press the plastic fluidized metal. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the plastic fluidized metal due to friction stirring from overflowing to the outside of the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 . Thereby, occurrence of bonding defects can be suppressed. In addition, if the value of TZ exceeds 0.8, the load on the friction stir device 1 will increase, so it is not suitable.
此外，根据接合方法，经摩擦搅拌而流动化的金属被销13的右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a和左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b引导，而从板状端部102的中心Nc分别朝表面Sa侧及背面Sb侧移动。由于右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a以25％以上的比例形成，因此，由上述螺旋槽引起的金属移动会使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5相对于板状端部102朝滑动轴4侧(上方)推动，能防止过深地进入表面(装饰面)Sa。藉此，能防止装饰面产生凹槽V，或者是即使产生凹槽V也能减小凹槽V的深度。通过防止凹槽V产生或者是减小凹槽V的深度，就可容易地进行使表面(装饰面)Sa变得平滑的精加工处理。In addition, depending on the joining method, the metal fluidized by friction stirring is guided by the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread and the lower helical groove 13b of the left-hand thread of the pin 13 from the center Nc of the plate-like end 102 toward the surface Sa side, respectively. And the back side Sb moves. Since the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the metal movement caused by the above-mentioned helical groove will move the biaxial shoulder tool 5 toward the slide shaft 4 side with respect to the plate-like end 102 ( (upper) push, can prevent too deep into the surface (decorative surface) Sa. Thereby, the groove V can be prevented from being generated on the decorative surface, or the depth of the groove V can be reduced even if the groove V is generated. By preventing the generation of the grooves V or reducing the depth of the grooves V, the finishing treatment for smoothing the surface (decorative surface) Sa can be easily performed.
此外，在实施方式1中，上部螺旋槽13a与下部螺旋槽13b的比例为50：50，因此，如图7(a)所示，能够使在上侧和下侧移动的金属量均等。藉此，能进一步防止销13的中心13c与对接部N的中心Nc的位置偏移。此外，由于刻设有上部螺旋槽13a和下部螺旋槽13b，因此，能提高摩擦搅拌的搅拌效率。In addition, in Embodiment 1, since the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b is 50:50, as shown in FIG. Thereby, the center 13c of the pin 13 and the center Nc of the mating part N can be prevented from being misaligned further. Moreover, since the upper helical groove 13a and the lower helical groove 13b are engraved, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be improved.
在进行接合工序时，较为理想的是，在例如利用能供给冷却后的气体或液体等的冷却装置对板状端部102的表面(装饰面)Sa进行冷却的同时进行接合。藉此，能够抑制板状端部102的变形而使接合精度提高。另外，也可以在对板状端部102的背面Sb侧进行冷却的同时进行接合。When performing the bonding step, it is preferable to perform bonding while cooling the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 with a cooling device capable of supplying cooled gas or liquid, for example. Thereby, deformation of the plate-shaped end part 102 can be suppressed, and joining precision can be improved. In addition, the bonding may be performed while cooling the back surface Sb side of the plate-shaped end portion 102 .
[实施方式2][Embodiment 2]
在实施方式2的接合方法中，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的螺旋槽的结构及旋转方向与实施方式1不同。在实施方式2的说明中，对于与实施方式1相同的点，省略详细说明。In the joining method of the second embodiment, the structure and the direction of rotation of the spiral groove of the biaxial shoulder tool are different from those of the first embodiment. In the description of Embodiment 2, detailed description of the same points as Embodiment 1 will be omitted.
图8是表示实施方式2的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的侧视图。如图8所示，在实施方式2的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A的销13的外周面刻设有形成在上半部的左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a和形成在下半部的右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b。也就是说，上部螺旋槽13a以从上向下朝左卷绕的方式刻设，下部螺旋槽13b以从上向下朝右卷绕的方式刻设。FIG. 8 is a side view showing a biaxial shoulder pad tool according to Embodiment 2. FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread formed in the upper half and the right thread formed in the lower half are engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the pin 13 of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5A of Embodiment 2. The lower spiral groove 13b. That is, the upper helical groove 13a is engraved so as to wind from top to bottom to the left, and the lower helical groove 13b is engraved to wind from top to bottom to the right.
较为理想的是，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A的轴肩部间的距离(销13的长度)Z为中空型材100A的板状端部102的板厚T以下。例如，在本实施方式中，轴肩部间的距离Z比中空型材100A的板状端部102的板厚T小0.4mm。Preferably, the distance Z between the shoulders (the length of the pin 13 ) of the twin-shouldered tool 5A is equal to or less than the thickness T of the plate-shaped end 102 of the hollow profile 100A. For example, in the present embodiment, the distance Z between the shoulders is 0.4 mm smaller than the plate thickness T of the plate-shaped end portion 102 of the hollow profile 100A.
接着，对使用实施方式2的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A的接合方法进行说明。Next, a joining method using the biaxial shoulder tool 5A of the second embodiment will be described.
在实施方式2的接合方法中，如图9所示，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A朝左旋转来进行接合。具体来说，在上述接合方法中，进行使中空型材彼此对接的对接工序和将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A插入对接部N的接合工序。在此，将表面Sa设定为装饰面。由于对接工序与实施方式1相同，因此，省略说明。In the joining method according to Embodiment 2, as shown in FIG. 9 , joining is performed by rotating the biaxial shoulder tool 5A counterclockwise. Specifically, in the above joining method, a butt joining process of butting the hollow profiles and a joining process of inserting the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5A into the butt joint part N are performed. Here, the surface Sa is set as a decorative surface. Since the docking process is the same as that in Embodiment 1, description thereof will be omitted.
在接合工序中，首先，在对接部N的外部，使销13的中心13c位于与对接部N的中心Nc重叠的位置。接着，如图9所示，使左旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A沿着对接部N移动。在将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A插入对接部N后，利用高速旋转的销13对销13周围的金属进行摩擦搅拌，而使板状端部102彼此一体化。在销13的轨迹上形成有塑性化区域W。In the bonding step, first, the center 13c of the pin 13 is positioned to overlap the center Nc of the mating portion N outside the mating portion N. As shown in FIG. Next, as shown in FIG. 9 , the counter-rotating biaxial shoulder tool 5A is moved along the butting portion N. As shown in FIG. After the biaxial shoulder tool 5A is inserted into the mating portion N, the metal around the pin 13 is friction stirred by the pin 13 rotating at a high speed, and the plate-shaped end portions 102 are integrated with each other. A plasticized region W is formed on the track of the pin 13 .
根据上述接合方法，经摩擦搅拌而流动化的金属被销13的左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a和右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b引导，而从板状端部102的中心Nc分别朝表面Sa侧及背面Sb侧移动。由于左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a以25％以上的比例形成，因此，由螺旋槽引起的金属移动会使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A相对于板状端部102朝滑动轴4侧(上方)推动，能防止过深地进入表面(装饰面)Sa。藉此，能防止在装饰面Sa上产生凹槽V，或者是即使形成有凹槽V也能减小凹槽V的深度。According to the joining method described above, the fluidized metal by friction stirring is guided by the upper helical groove 13a of the left-hand thread and the lower helical groove 13b of the right-hand thread of the pin 13 from the center Nc of the plate-like end 102 toward the surface Sa side and The backside Sb side moves. Since the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the metal movement caused by the helical groove will move the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5A toward the slide shaft 4 side (upper side) with respect to the plate-shaped end portion 102. ) push, can prevent too deep into the surface (decorative surface) Sa. Thereby, the groove V can be prevented from being generated on the decorative surface Sa, or the depth of the groove V can be reduced even if the groove V is formed.
此外，在实施方式2中，上部螺旋槽13a与下部螺旋槽13b的比例为50：50，因此，能够使移动的金属量均等。藉此，能进一步防止销13的中心13c与对接部N的中心Nc的位置偏移。此外，由于刻设有上部螺旋槽13a和下部螺旋槽13b，因此，能提高摩擦搅拌的搅拌效率。In addition, in Embodiment 2, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13 a and the lower helical groove 13 b is 50:50, so the amount of metal to be moved can be equalized. Thereby, the center 13c of the pin 13 and the center Nc of the mating part N can be prevented from being misaligned further. Moreover, since the upper helical groove 13a and the lower helical groove 13b are engraved, the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be improved.
<变形例1><Modification 1>
在变形例1中，如图10(a)所示，在板状端部102A与板状端部102B的厚度不同这点上，与上述实施方式不同。板状端部102B的厚度T1比板状端部102A的厚度T2厚。在变形例1中，将板状端部102A与板状端部102B以使板状端部102A的高度方向上的中点与板状端部102B的高度方向上的中点重叠的方式对接。In Modification 1, as shown in FIG. 10( a ), it differs from the above-described embodiment in that the thicknesses of the plate-shaped end portion 102A and the plate-shaped end portion 102B are different. The thickness T1 of the plate-shaped end portion 102B is thicker than the thickness T2 of the plate-shaped end portion 102A. In Modification 1, the plate-shaped end 102A and the plate-shaped end 102B are butted together so that the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-shaped end 102A overlaps with the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-shaped end 102B.
在变形例1的对接工序中，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转，将板状端部102B的对接部N的厚度较大的板状端部102B(金属板)配置在行进方向的左侧。In the butting process of Modification 1, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is rotated clockwise, and the plate-shaped end 102B (metal plate) having a large thickness of the butted portion N of the plate-shaped end 102B is arranged on the traveling surface. direction to the left.
在摩擦搅拌时，在使旋转工具朝右旋转的情况下，塑性流动化的金属具有从工具行进方向的左侧(剪切侧：旋转工具的旋转速度加上旋转工具的移动速度一侧)朝工具行进方向的右侧(流动侧：旋转工具的旋转速度减去旋转工具的移动速度一侧)流动的趋势，因此，假设在金属板之间具有间隙，则剪切侧的金属会将上述间隙填埋。因而，若剪切侧的金属板厚度小，则具有金属不足而使接合后的塑性化区域的中央部厚度变小的趋势。另外，在使旋转工具朝左旋转的情况下，工具行进方向的右侧为剪切侧，左侧为流动侧。During friction stirring, when the rotary tool is rotated to the right, the plastic fluidized metal has a direction from the left side (shear side: the side of the rotation speed of the rotary tool plus the moving speed of the rotary tool) in the direction of travel of the tool. The tendency to flow to the right of the direction of travel of the tool (flow side: the side of the rotational speed of the rotating tool minus the moving speed of the rotating tool), so assuming there is a gap between the metal plates, the metal on the shear side will dissipate said gap landfill. Therefore, if the thickness of the metal plate on the sheared side is small, there is a tendency that the thickness of the central part of the plasticized region after joining will be reduced due to insufficient metal. In addition, when the rotary tool is rotated to the left, the right side in the tool advancing direction is the shearing side, and the left side is the flow side.
在变形例1中，通过使位于剪切侧的板状端部102B的厚度T1比板状端部102A的厚度T2厚，就能够消除塑性化区域W的中央部的金属不足，而使接合更理想。In Modification 1, by making the thickness T1 of the plate-shaped end portion 102B on the shearing side thicker than the thickness T2 of the plate-shaped end portion 102A, the lack of metal in the center of the plasticized region W can be eliminated, and the joint can be made more stable. ideal.
<变形例2><Modification 2>
在变形例2中，如图10(b)所示，在板状端部102C与板状端部102D的厚度不同这点上，与上述实施方式不同。板状端部102C的厚度T1比板状端部102D的厚度T2厚。在变形例2中，将板状端部102C与板状端部102D以使板状端部102C的高度方向上的中点与板状端部102D的高度方向上的中点重叠的方式对接。In Modification 2, as shown in FIG. 10( b ), it is different from the above-described embodiment in that the thicknesses of the plate-shaped end portion 102C and the plate-shaped end portion 102D are different. The thickness T1 of the plate-shaped end portion 102C is thicker than the thickness T2 of the plate-shaped end portion 102D. In Modification 2, the plate-shaped end 102C and the plate-shaped end 102D are butted together so that the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-shaped end 102C overlaps with the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-shaped end 102D.
在变形例2的对接工序中，使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝左旋转，将板状端部102C的对接部N的厚度较大的板状端部102C(金属板)配置在行进方向的右侧。In the butting process of Modification 2, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is rotated counterclockwise, and the plate-shaped end 102C (metal plate) having a relatively thick butt joint N of the plate-shaped end 102C is arranged on the traveling surface. direction to the right.
在变形例2中，利用与变形例1相同的原理，使位于剪切侧的板状端部102C的厚度T1比板状端部102D的厚度T2厚，就能够消除塑性化区域W的中央部的金属不足，而使接合更理想。In Modification 2, using the same principle as Modification 1, the thickness T1 of the plate-shaped end portion 102C on the shearing side is made thicker than the thickness T2 of the plate-shaped end portion 102D, so that the central portion of the plasticized region W can be eliminated. The lack of metal makes the joint more ideal.
<变形例3><Modification 3>
如图11(a)、图11(b)所示，变形例3的旋转工具单元包括保持件50、滑动轴51、滑动元件52和双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5。主要是保持件50和滑动轴51的结构与第一实施方式有所不同。As shown in FIG. 11( a ) and FIG. 11( b ), the rotary tool unit of Modification 3 includes a holder 50 , a sliding shaft 51 , a sliding element 52 and a biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 . Mainly, the structures of the holder 50 and the slide shaft 51 are different from those of the first embodiment.
保持件50由主体筒部53和形成在主体筒部53下端的轴环部54构成。主体筒部53呈圆筒状。如图11(b)所示，在主体筒部53的内表面形成有朝向内侧突出的凸条53a、53a。凸条53a、53a形成在相对的位置上。凸条53a的截面呈大致半圆形状，并在主体筒部53的高度方向上的全长范围内形成。The holder 50 is composed of a main body cylindrical portion 53 and a collar portion 54 formed at the lower end of the main body cylindrical portion 53 . The main body cylindrical portion 53 has a cylindrical shape. As shown in FIG. 11( b ), protruding lines 53 a and 53 a projecting inwardly are formed on the inner surface of the main body cylindrical portion 53 . The convex lines 53a, 53a are formed at opposing positions. The ridge 53 a has a substantially semicircular cross section and is formed over the entire length of the main body cylindrical portion 53 in the height direction.
轴环部54的截面呈L字形，俯视呈环状，并与主体筒部53的下端接合。轴环部54包括比主体筒部53的内表面更朝内侧伸出的限位部54a。The collar portion 54 has an L-shaped cross section and a ring shape in plan view, and is joined to the lower end of the main body cylindrical portion 53 . The collar portion 54 includes a stopper portion 54 a protruding inwardly from the inner surface of the main body cylindrical portion 53 .
滑动轴51包括大径部55、设置在大径部55的下部的小径部56、由大径部55和小径部56形成的台阶部57。如图11(b)所示，在大径部55的外表面形成有与凸条53a相对应的凹条55a、55a。凹条55a具有与凸条53a大致相同的形状，并在大径部55的高度方向上的全长范围内形成。The slide shaft 51 includes a large-diameter portion 55 , a small-diameter portion 56 provided below the large-diameter portion 55 , and a stepped portion 57 formed by the large-diameter portion 55 and the small-diameter portion 56 . As shown in FIG. 11( b ), concave lines 55 a and 55 a corresponding to the convex lines 53 a are formed on the outer surface of the large-diameter portion 55 . The concave line 55a has substantially the same shape as the convex line 53a, and is formed over the entire length of the large-diameter portion 55 in the height direction.
滑动元件52具有与实施方式1大致相同的结构，如图11(b)所示，具有轴承槽52a和球轴承52b。滑动元件52使滑动轴51相对于保持件50沿轴向顺畅地移动。The sliding element 52 has substantially the same structure as Embodiment 1, and has a bearing groove 52a and a ball bearing 52b as shown in FIG. 11(b). The slide member 52 smoothly moves the slide shaft 51 in the axial direction relative to the holder 50 .
通过将保持件50的凸条53a与滑动轴51的凹条55a卡合，不仅能允许在轴向上的移动，而且能使保持件50与滑动轴51一体地旋转。由于凸条53a形成在保持件50的高度方向的全长上，因此，能增长滑动轴51的移动距离。此外，由于凸条53a的全长与凹条55a卡合，因此，能使滑动轴51稳定地移动。此外，由于凸条53a和凹条55a夹着转轴设置在两侧，因此，能更稳定地移动。此外，通过使限位部54a与滑动轴51的台阶部57抵接，就能限制滑动轴51朝下方移动。By engaging the convex line 53 a of the holder 50 with the concave line 55 a of the slide shaft 51 , not only movement in the axial direction is permitted, but also the holder 50 and the slide shaft 51 can be rotated integrally. Since the convex line 53a is formed over the entire length of the holder 50 in the height direction, the moving distance of the slide shaft 51 can be increased. Moreover, since the entire length of the convex line 53a engages with the concave line 55a, the slide shaft 51 can be moved stably. In addition, since the convex line 53a and the concave line 55a are provided on both sides with the rotating shaft in between, they can move more stably. Further, downward movement of the slide shaft 51 can be restricted by bringing the stopper portion 54 a into contact with the step portion 57 of the slide shaft 51 .
另外，在实施方式1、实施方式2、变形例1～变形例3中，如上所述构成了旋转工具单元，但不限定于此。例如，也可以使保持件及滑动轴的水平截面形状呈多边形。In addition, in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Modification 1 to Modification 3, the rotary tool unit is configured as described above, but it is not limited thereto. For example, the horizontal cross-sectional shapes of the holder and the slide shaft may be polygonal.
[实施方式3][Embodiment 3]
以下，对本发明实施方式3进行说明。在实施方式3中，例示对双层面板进行接合的情况。本实施方式的说明中的上、下、左、右、前、后依据图12的箭头。Hereinafter, Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described. In Embodiment 3, the case of joining two-layer panels is illustrated. Up, down, left, right, front, and rear in the description of this embodiment are based on the arrows in FIG. 12 .
如图12所示，双层面板201为金属制的薄型长条构件，其主要由外板202、内板203、支承板204、204构成。各支承板204垂直于外板202及内板203。通过在左右方向上将多个双层面板201接合，就用作例如铁路车辆、飞机、船舶、土木建筑物等的结构体。双层面板201的制造方法没有特别的限制，但是，在本实施方式中，双层面板201是通过按压成形的方式形成。双层面板201的材料只要是能摩擦搅拌的金属，并没有特别的限制，但在本实施方式中，使用铝合金。As shown in FIG. 12 , the double-layer panel 201 is a thin metal elongated member, and is mainly composed of an outer panel 202 , an inner panel 203 , and support plates 204 , 204 . Each support plate 204 is perpendicular to the outer plate 202 and the inner plate 203 . By joining a plurality of double-layer panels 201 in the left-right direction, it can be used as a structural body such as a railway vehicle, an airplane, a ship, or a civil engineering building. The method of manufacturing the double-layer panel 201 is not particularly limited, but in this embodiment, the double-layer panel 201 is formed by press molding. The material of the double-layer panel 201 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stirring, but in this embodiment, an aluminum alloy is used.
外板202由中央部205、从中央部205朝右侧延伸设置的右侧板状端部210以及从中央部205朝左侧延伸设置的左侧板状端部220构成。The outer panel 202 is composed of a central portion 205 , a right plate-shaped end portion 210 extending rightward from the central portion 205 , and a left plate-shaped end portion 220 extending leftward from the central portion 205 .
右侧板状端部210由第一外板厚壁部211、第一钩部212、及第一覆盖部(日文：第一肉盛部)213构成。第一外板厚壁部211垂直于支承板204，并朝右侧延伸设置。第一钩部212呈钩状，其由朝右侧延伸设置的第一薄壁部214和从第一薄壁部214垂直伸出的第一伸出部215构成。第一薄壁部214的厚度为第一外板厚壁部211的三分之一左右。The right plate-shaped end portion 210 is composed of a first outer plate thick wall portion 211 , a first hook portion 212 , and a first covering portion (Japanese: first meat filling portion) 213 . The first outer plate thick wall portion 211 is perpendicular to the supporting plate 204 and extends toward the right side. The first hook portion 212 is hook-shaped, and is composed of a first thin-walled portion 214 extending to the right and a first protruding portion 215 vertically protruding from the first thin-walled portion 214 . The thickness of the first thin-walled portion 214 is about one third of that of the first outer plate thick-walled portion 211 .
第一伸出部215从第一薄壁部214的前端朝内板203侧伸出。在第一伸出部215的侧部形成有以随着朝向内板203侧便越靠近支承板204的方式倾斜的第一伸出倾斜面216。第一覆盖部213是从第一外板厚壁部211、第一薄壁部214及第一伸出部215的上表面朝上方突出一定厚度并形成在厚壁上的部位。The first protruding portion 215 protrudes from the front end of the first thin portion 214 toward the inner panel 203 side. A first protruding inclined surface 216 is formed on a side portion of the first protruding portion 215 so as to be closer to the support plate 204 as it goes toward the inner plate 203 side. The first covering portion 213 is a portion that protrudes upward by a certain thickness from the upper surfaces of the first outer plate thick portion 211 , the first thin portion 214 , and the first extension portion 215 and is formed on the thick wall.
左侧板状端部220主要由第二外板厚壁部221、第二钩部222及第二覆盖部223构成。第二外板厚壁部221垂直于支承板204，并朝左侧延伸设置。第二钩部222呈钩状，其由朝左侧延伸的第二薄壁部224和相对于第二薄壁部224垂直地伸出的第二伸出部225构成。第二薄壁部224的厚度为第二外板厚壁部221的三分之一左右。The left plate-shaped end portion 220 is mainly composed of a second outer plate thick portion 221 , a second hook portion 222 and a second covering portion 223 . The second outer plate thick wall portion 221 is perpendicular to the supporting plate 204 and extends toward the left side. The second hook portion 222 is hook-shaped, and is composed of a second thin-walled portion 224 extending leftward and a second protruding portion 225 vertically protruding relative to the second thin-walled portion 224 . The thickness of the second thin-walled portion 224 is about one third of that of the second outer plate thick-walled portion 221 .
第二伸出部225从第二薄壁部224的前端朝与内板203相反的一侧伸出。在第二外板厚壁部221的左端形成有以随着朝向内板203侧便远离支承板204的方式倾斜的第二厚壁部倾斜面226。第二厚壁部倾斜面226与第一伸出倾斜面216的倾斜角度相同。第二覆盖部223是从第二外板厚壁部221的上表面朝上方突出一定的厚度并形成在厚壁上的部位。The second protruding portion 225 protrudes from the front end of the second thin portion 224 toward the side opposite to the inner panel 203 . At the left end of the second outer plate thick portion 221 is formed a second thick portion inclined surface 226 inclined so as to be away from the support plate 204 as it goes toward the inner plate 203 side. The inclined angle of the second thick portion inclined surface 226 is the same as that of the first extended inclined surface 216 . The second covering portion 223 is a portion protruding upward by a certain thickness from the upper surface of the second outer plate thick portion 221 and formed on the thick wall.
内板203由中央部206、从中央部206朝右侧延伸设置的右侧板状端部230、从中央部206朝左侧延伸设置的左侧板状端部240构成。The inner panel 203 includes a central portion 206 , a right plate-shaped end portion 230 extending rightward from the central portion 206 , and a left plate-shaped end portion 240 extending leftward from the central portion 206 .
右侧板状端部230由第一内板厚壁部231、第一覆盖部232、第一端面233构成。第一内板厚壁部231垂直于支承板204，并朝右侧延伸设置。第一覆盖部232是从第一内板厚壁部231的前端侧的下表面朝下方突出，并成为厚壁的部位。The right plate-shaped end portion 230 is composed of a first inner plate thick portion 231 , a first covering portion 232 , and a first end surface 233 . The first inner plate thick wall portion 231 is perpendicular to the supporting plate 204 and extends toward the right side. The first covering portion 232 protrudes downward from the lower surface on the front end side of the first inner plate thick portion 231 and is a thick portion.
左侧板状端部240由第二内板厚壁部241、第二覆盖部242、第二端面243构成。第二内板厚壁部241垂直于支承板204，并朝左侧延伸设置。第二覆盖部242是从第二内板厚壁部241的前端侧的下表面朝下方突出，并成为厚壁的部位。The left plate-shaped end portion 240 is composed of a second inner plate thick portion 241 , a second covering portion 242 , and a second end surface 243 . The second inner plate thick wall portion 241 is perpendicular to the supporting plate 204 and extends toward the left side. The second covering portion 242 protrudes downward from the lower surface on the front end side of the second inner plate thick portion 241 and is a thick portion.
接着，对在本实施方式中使用的摩擦搅拌装置进行说明。如图13、图14所示，摩擦搅拌装置261由夹头部261a、固定在夹头部261a上的旋转工具单元262构成。与实施方式1同样地，夹头部261a通过螺栓与摩擦搅拌装置261的主体(未图示)接合。Next, the friction stir device used in this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 , the friction stir device 261 is composed of a chuck portion 261 a and a rotary tool unit 262 fixed to the chuck portion 261 a. As in Embodiment 1, chuck portion 261a is joined to the main body (not shown) of friction stir device 261 by bolts.
旋转工具单元262由保持件263、滑动轴264、双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265以及未图示的滑动元件构成。The rotary tool unit 262 is composed of a holder 263 , a slide shaft 264 , a biaxial shoulder pad tool 265 , and a slide element not shown.
如图14所示，保持件263是内置有滑动轴264且安装在夹头部261a的内部的构件。保持件263呈圆筒状。在保持件263形成有在半径方向上贯通的长孔状的键槽263b。As shown in FIG. 14 , the holder 263 is a member that incorporates the slide shaft 264 and is attached to the inside of the chuck portion 261 a. The holder 263 has a cylindrical shape. A long-hole-shaped key groove 263b penetrating in the radial direction is formed in the holder 263 .
如图14所示，滑动轴264呈圆筒状，其是插入到保持件263的中空部中的构件。滑动轴264能相对于保持件263在上下方向上移动。在滑动轴264的外表面上形成有朝向外侧突出的键264a。通过使键264a与键槽263b卡合，藉此，就可使保持件263与滑动轴264一体地旋转。As shown in FIG. 14 , the slide shaft 264 has a cylindrical shape and is a member inserted into the hollow portion of the holder 263 . The slide shaft 264 is movable in the up and down direction relative to the holder 263 . On the outer surface of the slide shaft 264, a key 264a protruding outward is formed. By engaging the key 264a with the key groove 263b, the holder 263 and the slide shaft 264 can be rotated integrally.
如图15所示，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265由第一轴肩部252、第二轴肩部253以及设置在第一轴肩部252与第二轴肩部253之间的销254构成。第一轴肩部252、第二轴肩部253、销254均呈大致圆柱状，并同轴设置。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265是通过使销254在高速旋转的同时移动接合部分,来进行摩擦搅拌接合的工具。As shown in Figure 15, the double-shaft shoulder stirring head tool 265 consists of a first shoulder 252, a second shoulder 253 and a pin 254 arranged between the first shoulder 252 and the second shoulder 253. constitute. The first shoulder portion 252 , the second shoulder portion 253 , and the pin 254 are all approximately cylindrical and arranged coaxially. The biaxial shoulder tool 265 is a tool that performs friction stir welding by rotating the pin 254 at a high speed while moving the joint portion.
第一轴肩部252包括大径部252a、锥部252b和下端面252c。锥部252b朝向下方逐渐缩径。虽未图示，但在第一轴肩部252的下端面252c绕着销254周围形成有俯视呈涡旋形状的凹陷部。The first shoulder portion 252 includes a large diameter portion 252a, a tapered portion 252b, and a lower end surface 252c. The diameter of the tapered portion 252b gradually decreases downward. Although not shown, on the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder portion 252, a concave portion having a spiral shape in plan view is formed around the periphery of the pin 254. As shown in FIG.
第二轴肩部253形成为在外表面具有槽的结构。第二轴肩部253包括大径部253a、锥部253b和上端面253c。锥部253b朝向上方逐渐缩径。大径部253a的外径Y1比大径部252a的外径X1小。此外，上端面253c的直径Y2与下端面252c的直径Y2相同。The second shoulder portion 253 is formed to have a groove on its outer surface. The second shoulder portion 253 includes a large diameter portion 253a, a tapered portion 253b, and an upper end surface 253c. The diameter of the tapered portion 253b gradually decreases upward. The outer diameter Y1 of the large diameter portion 253a is smaller than the outer diameter X1 of the large diameter portion 252a. In addition, the diameter Y2 of the upper end surface 253c is the same as the diameter Y2 of the lower end surface 252c.
在销254的外表面刻设有以左螺纹的方式形成的螺旋槽255。也就是说，螺旋槽255以从上向下朝左旋转的方式刻设。销254的外径U比直径X2及直径Y2小。第一轴肩部252通过螺母与滑动轴264连接。The outer surface of the pin 254 is engraved with a helical groove 255 formed in a left-hand thread. That is to say, the spiral groove 255 is engraved in a manner of turning leftward from top to bottom. The outer diameter U of the pin 254 is smaller than the diameter X2 and the diameter Y2. The first shoulder 252 is connected to the sliding shaft 264 via a nut.
较为理想的是，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的轴肩部间的距离(销254的长度)设定为所要接合的部分的板厚(在本实施方式中是第一外板厚壁部211与第一覆盖部213的厚度的合计)以下。螺旋槽255的槽的深度或间距等只要根据所要进行摩擦搅拌的金属板的材料或是所要接合的部分的板厚、轴肩部间的距离等来进行适当设定即可。Ideally, the distance between the shoulders (the length of the pin 254) of the dual-shaft shoulder tool 265 is set to the plate thickness of the part to be joined (in this embodiment, the first outer plate thick wall part 211 and the thickness of the first covering part 213) or less. The depth and pitch of the spiral grooves 255 may be appropriately set according to the material of the metal plates to be friction stirred, the thickness of the parts to be joined, the distance between the shoulders, and the like.
滑动元件(未图示)形成在保持件263与滑动轴264之间，并能使滑动轴264相对于保持件263顺畅地上下移动。滑动元件由于与实施方式1相同，因此省略详细说明。A sliding member (not shown) is formed between the holder 263 and the slide shaft 264 and enables the slide shaft 264 to move up and down smoothly relative to the holder 263 . Since the sliding elements are the same as those in Embodiment 1, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
在摩擦搅拌装置261中，由于滑动轴264形成为能相对于保持件263移动，因此，摩擦搅拌装置261构成为在所要接合的金属板例如朝上方翘曲时，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265能随着上述翘曲朝上方移动规定距离。另一方面，摩擦搅拌装置261构成为在所要接合的金属板朝下方翘曲时，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265能随着上述翘曲朝下方移动规定距离。藉此，能够抑制摩擦搅拌接合时双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265相对于金属板的位置偏移。In the friction stir device 261, since the slide shaft 264 is formed to be movable relative to the holder 263, the friction stir device 261 is configured such that when the metal plates to be joined are warped upward, for example, the biaxial shoulder stirrer tool 265 can move upward by a predetermined distance according to the above-mentioned warping. On the other hand, the friction stir device 261 is configured such that when the metal plates to be joined are warped downward, the biaxial shoulder stir head tool 265 can move a predetermined distance downward along with the warpage. Thereby, the position shift of the biaxial shoulder tool 265 with respect to a metal plate can be suppressed at the time of friction stir welding.
接着，对本实施方式的双层面板的接合方法进行说明。在此，例示将两块相同形状的双层面板201并排设置后进行接合的情况。在上述接合方法中，进行准备工序和接合工序。Next, a method for joining the two-layer panels of the present embodiment will be described. Here, the case where two double-layer panels 201 of the same shape are arranged side by side and joined is exemplified. In the bonding method described above, a preparation step and a bonding step are performed.
在准备工序中，如图16所示，使双层面板201、201对接来形成双层面板的组装体，并固定该组装体使其不能移动。在说明中，将一方的双层面板标注为“201A”，将另一方的双层面板标注为“201B”，对于与上述双层面板各自对应的要素，会加上符号“A”、符号“B”来进行区别。In the preparatory process, as shown in FIG. 16 , the double-layer panels 201 and 201 are butted to form a double-layer panel assembly, and the assembly is fixed so as not to move. In the description, one of the double-layer panels is marked as "201A", and the other double-layer panel is marked as "201B". For the elements corresponding to the above-mentioned double-layer panels, the symbols "A" and " B" to make a distinction.
在准备工序中，具体来说，使双层面板201A的第一钩部212A与双层面板201B的第二钩部222B卡合，并且使第一端面233A与第二端面243B对接。藉此，第一钩部212A与第二钩部222B没有间隙地卡合，形成卡合部M。另一方面，第一端面233A与第二端面243B对接后，形成对接部N。将伸出部215A与伸出部225B卡合的部位和第一端面233A与第二端面243B对接的部位的延长线称为“中心线C”。In the preparatory process, specifically, the first hook portion 212A of the double-layer panel 201A is engaged with the second hook portion 222B of the double-layer panel 201B, and the first end surface 233A is brought into contact with the second end surface 243B. Thereby, the first hook portion 212A and the second hook portion 222B engage with each other without a gap, and the engaging portion M is formed. On the other hand, after the first end surface 233A is butted against the second end surface 243B, a butt portion N is formed. The extended line of the part where the extension part 215A engages with the extension part 225B and the part where the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B abut is referred to as a "center line C".
在进行准备工序后，第一覆盖部213A的上表面与第二覆盖部223B的上表面齐平，同时，第一外板厚壁部211A的下表面与第二外板厚壁部221B的下表面齐平。此外，第一内板厚壁部231A的上表面与第二内板厚壁部241B的下表面齐平，同时，第一覆盖部232A的下表面与第二覆盖部242B的下表面齐平。在形成双层面板的组装体后，使用夹具固定该组装体使其不能移动。After the preparatory process, the upper surface of the first covering part 213A is flush with the upper surface of the second covering part 223B, and at the same time, the lower surface of the first outer-plate thick-walled part 211A is flush with the lower surface of the second outer-plate thick-walled part 221B. The surface is flush. In addition, the upper surface of the first inner plate thick portion 231A is flush with the lower surface of the second inner thick portion 241B, while the lower surface of the first covering portion 232A is flush with the lower surface of the second covering portion 242B. After the assembly of the double-layer panels is formed, the assembly is fixed so that it cannot move using a clamp.
在接合工序中，如图17所示，使用双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265来将卡合部M接合的第一接合工序和将对接部N接合的第二接合工序。In the joining step, as shown in FIG. 17 , a first joining step of joining the engaging portion M and a second joining step of joining the butting portion N are performed using a biaxial shoulder tool 265 .
在第一接合工序中，使双层面板201A配置在行进方向的左侧。接着，将朝右旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的销254的中心与中心线C上的卡合部M的高度方向的中心对准后，插入卡合部M。接着，从前侧朝向后侧沿着卡合部M进行摩擦搅拌接合。另外，在卡合部M上沿着双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265移动的轨迹形成有塑性化区域W1(参照图18)。In the first bonding step, the two-layer panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the traveling direction. Next, the center of the pin 254 of the biaxial shoulder tool 265 rotated clockwise is aligned with the center in the height direction of the engaging portion M on the center line C, and the engaging portion M is inserted. Next, friction stir welding is performed along the engaging portion M from the front side toward the rear side. In addition, a plasticized region W1 is formed on the engagement portion M along the trajectory of the movement of the biaxial shoulder pad tool 265 (see FIG. 18 ).
在第二接合工序中，如图18所示，在第一接合工序结束后，将双层面板的组装体翻过来，并再次固定双层面板的组装体使其不能移动。接着，将朝右旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的销254的中心与中心线C上的对接部N的高度方向的中心对准后，插入对接部N。接着，从前侧朝向后侧沿着对接部N进行摩擦搅拌接合。在对接部N上沿着双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265移动的轨迹形成有塑性化区域(未图示)。通过以上的工序，外板202A与外板202B接合，且内板203A与内板203B接合。In the second joining step, as shown in FIG. 18 , after the first joining step is completed, the double-layer panel assembly is turned over, and the double-layer panel assembly is fixed again so that it cannot move. Next, the center of the pin 254 of the biaxial shoulder tool 265 rotated clockwise is aligned with the center in the height direction of the butt portion N on the centerline C, and the butt portion N is inserted. Next, friction stir welding is performed along the butting portion N from the front side toward the rear side. A plasticized region (not shown) is formed on the butt portion N along the trajectory of the movement of the biaxial shoulder tool 265 . Through the above steps, the outer panel 202A is joined to the outer panel 202B, and the inner panel 203A is joined to the inner panel 203B.
根据以上说明的本实施方式的摩擦搅拌接合方法，通过使外板202A的第一钩部212A与外板202B的第二钩部222B卡合，能够简单地防止进行摩擦搅拌接合时双层面板201A与双层面板201B分开。另一方面，在内板203A及内板203B没有设置钩部，并使第一端面233A与第二端面243B对接，藉此，能够使准备工序或双层面板的制造更省力。在双层面板201A、201B为长条的情况下，若内板203A及内板203B也设置钩部，则会使卡合的作业变得困难，但根据本实施方式，可使卡合作业变得容易。According to the friction stir welding method of the present embodiment described above, by engaging the first hook portion 212A of the outer panel 202A with the second hook portion 222B of the outer panel 202B, it is possible to easily prevent the friction stir welding of the double-layered panel 201A during friction stir welding. Separate from the double layer panel 201B. On the other hand, the inner panel 203A and the inner panel 203B are not provided with hooks, and the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are butted together, thereby saving labor in the preparation process or the manufacture of the double-layer panel. In the case where the double-layer panels 201A, 201B are elongated, if the inner panels 203A and 203B are also provided with hooks, it will make the engagement difficult. However, according to this embodiment, the engagement operation can be simplified. easy.
此外，在准备工序中，在使第一钩部212A与第二钩部222B卡合时，能够使第一伸出倾斜面216A和第二主体倾斜面226B在滑动的同时进行卡合，因此，使卡合作业变得容易。具体来说，从所载置的双层面板201B的上方放下双层面板201A时，只要使第一伸出倾斜面216A和第二主体倾斜面226B滑动，就能够使第一伸出倾斜面216A与第二主体倾斜面226B卡合。In addition, in the preparatory process, when engaging the first hook portion 212A with the second hook portion 222B, the first projecting inclined surface 216A and the second main body inclined surface 226B can be engaged while sliding. Therefore, Make card cooperation easy. Specifically, when lowering the double-layer panel 201A from above the placed double-layer panel 201B, the first projecting inclined surface 216A can be moved by sliding the first projecting inclined surface 216A and the second main body inclined surface 226B. Engage with the second main body inclined surface 226B.
此外，通过设置第一伸出部215A和第二伸出部225B，就能够以简单的结构进行卡合。此外，通过设置覆盖部(213A、223B、232A、242B)，就能够防止摩擦搅拌接合时金属不足。在本实施方式中，在销254刻设有左螺纹的螺旋槽255，并使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265在朝右旋转的同时从前侧朝后侧移动，因此，塑性流动化后的金属被螺旋槽255引导，而有朝第二轴肩部253移动的趋势。因而，通过将覆盖部(213A、223B、232A、242B)设置在外板202A、202B及内板203A、203B中的、与第一轴肩部252相对的一侧，就能避免第一轴肩部252侧的金属不足。Furthermore, by providing the first projecting portion 215A and the second projecting portion 225B, engagement can be performed with a simple structure. Moreover, by providing the covering part (213A, 223B, 232A, 242B), metal shortage at the time of friction stir welding can be prevented. In this embodiment, the pin 254 is engraved with the spiral groove 255 of the left thread, and the biaxial shoulder pad tool 265 is moved from the front side to the rear side while rotating to the right. Therefore, the plastic fluidized The metal is guided by the helical groove 255 and tends to move towards the second shoulder 253 . Therefore, by disposing the covering portion (213A, 223B, 232A, 242B) on the side of the outer plate 202A, 202B and the inner plate 203A, 203B opposite to the first shoulder portion 252, the first shoulder portion can be avoided. Not enough metal on the 252 side.
此外，在先将对接部N接合时，双层面板201A、201B有可能会分开，但在本实施方式的接合工序中，由于先将卡合部M接合，因此，能够防止在将对接部N接合时双层面板201A、201B分开。In addition, when the butt portion N is joined first, the two-layer panels 201A and 201B may be separated. However, in the joining process of this embodiment, since the engaging portion M is joined first, it is possible to prevent the joint portion N from being separated. The two-layer panels 201A, 201B are separated at the time of bonding.
另外，双层面板201A、201B的形状或卡合形态只要是两者不会分开的形态，并没有特别的限制。较为理想的是，像本实施方式这样，使双层面板201A、201B的端部齐平，并且没有间隙地卡合。此外，也可以在一个双层面板的外板202的两端形成设有第一钩部212、212的构件，在另一个双层面板的外板202的两端形成设有第二钩部222、222的构件，并将上述双层面板交替并排设置后进行卡合及接合。此外，还可以如图19所示，使第一伸出部215A及第二伸出部225B的侧部为没有设置倾斜的形状。此外，在本实施方式中，支承板204虽与外板202及内板203垂直地形成，但也可以是倾斜的。In addition, there are no particular limitations on the shape or engagement form of the two-layer panels 201A and 201B as long as they are in a form that does not separate them. Preferably, as in this embodiment, the ends of the two-layer panels 201A and 201B are flush and engaged without a gap. In addition, members with first hooks 212 and 212 may be formed at both ends of the outer panel 202 of one double-layer panel, and members with second hooks 222 may be formed at both ends of the outer panel 202 of the other double-layer panel. , 222, and the above-mentioned double-layer panels are alternately arranged side by side and then engaged and joined. In addition, as shown in FIG. 19 , the side portions of the first extension portion 215A and the second extension portion 225B may be shaped without inclination. In addition, in this embodiment, although the support plate 204 is formed perpendicularly to the outer plate 202 and the inner plate 203, it may be inclined.
<实施例1><Example 1>
使用实施方式1的摩擦搅拌装置1(双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5)，进行用于对所要进行摩擦搅拌接合的金属板(板状端部)的厚度及金属板彼此的间隙对接合状态带来怎样的影响进行调查的试验。如图20所示，对于所要进行摩擦搅拌接合的一对金属板的试验体(材料A6063－T5)，使其厚度分别发生变化来准备试验体H1～H19。“Ad侧”是指双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转方向与行进方向相同的一侧。也就是说，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝右旋转时是指行进方向的左侧。“Re侧”是指双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转方向与行进方向相反的一侧。也就是说，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝右旋转时是指行进方向的右侧。Using the friction stir device 1 (twin-shaft shoulder stirrer tool 5) of the first embodiment, the thickness of the metal plates (plate-shaped ends) to be friction stir welded and the state of the gap-joint joining of the metal plates are performed. What kind of impact will be carried out to investigate the experiment. As shown in FIG. 20 , test bodies H1 to H19 were prepared by changing the thicknesses of a pair of metal plate test bodies (material A6063-T5) to be subjected to friction stir welding. "Ad side" means the side in which the direction of rotation of the biaxial shoulder tool is the same as the direction of travel. That is, a dual-spindle shoulder tool is to the left of the direction of travel when it is rotated to the right. "Re side" means the side where the direction of rotation of the biaxial shoulder tool is opposite to the direction of travel. That is, a dual-spindle shoulder tool is to the right of the direction of travel when it is rotated to the right.
在试验体H1～H7中，使金属厚度在Ad侧及Re侧相同。在试验体H8～H13中，将Ad侧金属板厚度固定为6.0mm，使Re侧金属板厚度发生变化。在试验体H14～H19中，将Re侧金属板厚度固定为6.0mm，使Re侧金属板厚度发生变化。In the test bodies H1 to H7, the metal thickness was made the same on the Ad side and the Re side. In the test bodies H8 to H13, the Ad side metal plate thickness was fixed at 6.0 mm, and the Re side metal plate thickness was changed. In the test bodies H14 to H19, the thickness of the metal plate on the Re side was fixed at 6.0 mm, and the thickness of the metal plate on the Re side was changed.
金属板间的间隙在0～2.0mm之间每次变化0.25mm。在试验中使用的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的轴肩部外径(轴肩部中的、与金属板接触的面的直径)设定为20mm，销外径设定为12mm，轴肩部间的距离设定为5.8mm。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的转速设定为800rpm，移动速度设定为600/min，旋转方向设定为朝右旋转。此外，如实施方式1所记载的，上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具是双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的高度位置会随着金属板的翘曲而发生变化的形态。在进行摩擦搅拌接合后，从X射线穿透试验和截面微组织来判断接合质量。The gap between the metal plates varies by 0.25mm every time between 0 and 2.0mm. The outer diameter of the shoulder (the diameter of the surface in contact with the metal plate in the shoulder) of the dual-shaft shoulder stirring head tool used in the test was set to 20 mm, the outer diameter of the pin was set to 12 mm, and the shoulder The distance between parts was set to 5.8 mm. The rotational speed of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool is set to 800 rpm, the moving speed is set to 600/min, and the rotation direction is set to rotate to the right. In addition, as described in Embodiment 1, the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder tip tool is a form in which the height position of the biaxial shoulder tip tool changes according to the warping of the metal plate. After performing friction stir welding, the joining quality was judged from the X-ray penetration test and the cross-sectional microstructure.
图21是表示在实施例1中，试验体H1的间隙与接合部的厚度间的关系的图。图22是表示在实施例1中，试验体H3的间隙与接合部的厚度间的关系的图。实施例1的接合部是与实施方式中的塑性化区域W相同含义。此外，实施例1的接合部的“Ad部”、“Cr部”、“Re部”表示图7(b)所示的接合部(塑性化区域W)的Ad部、中央部、Re部的各位置。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the relationship between the gap of the test body H1 and the thickness of the joint in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the gap of the test body H3 and the thickness of the junction in Example 1. FIG. The joint portion in Example 1 has the same meaning as the plasticized region W in the embodiment. In addition, "Ad part", "Cr part", and "Re part" of the joint part in Example 1 represent the Ad part, the central part, and the Re part of the joint part (plasticized region W) shown in FIG. 7(b). each location.
如图21所示，在将金属板的厚度彼此均设定为6.0mm来进行接合时，若间隙不足0.75mm，Ad部、Cr部、Re部的厚度的减少均很小，但若间隙为0.75mm以上，随着间隙增加，Ad部、Cr部、Re部的厚度均减少。一旦间隙超过1.2mm，则接合部的厚度不足5.8mm而产生接合缺陷。As shown in Fig. 21, when the thickness of the metal plates is set to be 6.0mm and joined together, if the gap is less than 0.75mm, the decrease in the thickness of the Ad part, Cr part, and Re part is small, but if the gap is Above 0.75 mm, the thicknesses of the Ad portion, Cr portion, and Re portion all decrease as the gap increases. When the gap exceeds 1.2 mm, the thickness of the joint portion becomes less than 5.8 mm, and a joint defect occurs.
如图22所示，在将金属板的厚度彼此均设定为6.4mm来进行接合时，若间隙不足0.75mm，Ad部、Cr部、Re部的厚度的减少均很小。若间隙在0.75～1.75mm，Ad部、Cr部、Re部的厚度虽然均会减少，但没有产生接合缺陷。一旦间隙达到2.0mm，则接合部的厚度会显著地减少而产生接合缺陷。As shown in FIG. 22 , when the thicknesses of the metal plates are all set to be 6.4 mm and joined together, if the gap is less than 0.75 mm, the decrease in the thickness of the Ad portion, Cr portion, and Re portion is small. When the gap is 0.75 to 1.75 mm, although the thicknesses of the Ad portion, Cr portion, and Re portion are all reduced, bonding defects do not occur. Once the gap reaches 2.0 mm, the thickness of the joint portion will be significantly reduced to cause joint defects.
从图21及图22可知，若接合部的Cr部的厚度为5.8mm以下，则会产生接合缺陷。也就是说，即便金属板彼此存在间隙，只要通过塑性流动来供给金属，以使接合部的Cr部的厚度不会小于与轴肩部间的距离相同的5.8mm，就可以完整地接合。由以上可知，需要设定接合条件，以使接合部(塑性化区域)的厚度为轴肩部间的距离以上。As can be seen from FIGS. 21 and 22 , when the thickness of the Cr portion of the joint portion is 5.8 mm or less, joint defects occur. That is, even if there is a gap between the metal plates, as long as the metal is supplied by plastic flow so that the thickness of the Cr part of the joint part does not become smaller than 5.8 mm, which is the same as the distance between the shoulder parts, the joint can be completely joined. As can be seen from the above, it is necessary to set the joining conditions such that the thickness of the joining portion (plasticized region) is equal to or greater than the distance between the shoulders.
图23是表示在实施例1中，影响接合质量的金属板厚度与间隙间的关系的表，其示出了Ad侧的厚度＝Re侧的厚度的情况。在图中，“○”表示接合状况良好的情况，“×”表示接合状况不良的情况。23 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality in Example 1, which shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side=thickness on the Re side. In the figure, "◯" indicates that the joining condition is good, and "×" indicates that the joining condition is not good.
根据图23可知，即使间隙增大，只要金属板也增大，则仍会有接合状况良好的情况。但是，可以知道若金属板的厚度与轴肩部间的距离之间的差超过0.8mm(在本实施例中，金属板的厚度比6.6mm大)，则在轴肩部间产生的内压变大，而使工具的寿命显著下降。As can be seen from FIG. 23 , even if the gap is increased, the joining condition may still be good as long as the metal plate is also increased. However, it can be known that if the difference between the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders exceeds 0.8 mm (in this embodiment, the thickness of the metal plate is greater than 6.6 mm), the internal pressure generated between the shoulders become larger, and the life of the tool is significantly reduced.
此外，根据图23可知，轴肩部间的距离为5.8mm，金属板间的间隙为0～0.75mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为5.8～6.6mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部间的距离Z设定成0≤T－Z≤0.8mm，则接合状况良好。In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 23, when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 0.75 mm or less, the joining condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 5.8 to 6.6 mm. That is, as long as the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0≦T-Z≦0.8 mm, the joining condition will be good.
在T－Z值比0小的情况下，也就是说，当轴肩部间的距离Z比板状端部102的厚度T大时，塑性流动化后的金属容易从第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12(参照图7(a))溢出，因此，接合部(塑性化区域W)的密度降低。藉此，接合缺陷产生的可能性提高。即便金属板彼此间的间隙为0～0.75mm，也会因摩擦搅拌接合的摩擦热而使金属板的温度上升，并因金属板膨胀而使间隙消失，因此，可以认为接合状况大致良好。When the TZ value is smaller than 0, that is to say, when the distance Z between the shoulders is greater than the thickness T of the plate-shaped end 102, the metal after plastic fluidization is easy to flow from the first shoulder 11. And the second shoulder portion 12 (see FIG. 7( a )) protrudes, so the density of the junction portion (plasticized region W) decreases. This increases the possibility of occurrence of bonding defects. Even if the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 0.75 mm, the temperature of the metal plates rises due to the frictional heat of the friction stir welding, and the gap disappears due to the expansion of the metal plates. Therefore, it can be considered that the joining condition is generally good.
此外，根据图23可知，在轴肩部间的距离为5.8mm，金属板彼此的间隙为0～1.0mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为6.0～6.6mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，可以知道只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部间的距离Z设定成0.2≤T－Z≤0.8mm，则接合状况良好。若T－Z值比0.2mm小，则塑性流动化后的金属容易从第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12溢出，因此，接合部的密度降低。藉此，接合缺陷产生的可能性提高。In addition, according to FIG. 23 , when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 1.0 mm or less, the joining condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 6.0 to 6.6 mm. In other words, it can be seen that the joining condition is good as long as the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.2≦T-Z≦0.8 mm. If the TZ value is smaller than 0.2 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to protrude from the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 , so that the density of the joint portion decreases. This increases the possibility of occurrence of bonding defects.
此外，根据图23可知，在轴肩部间的距离为5.8mm，金属板间的间隙为大于1.0mm且为1.75mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为6.2～6.6mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，可以知道只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部间的距离Z设定成0.4≤T－Z≤0.8mm，则接合状况良好。若T－Z值比0.4mm小，则塑性流动化后的金属容易从第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12溢出，因此，接合部的密度降低。藉此，接合缺陷产生的可能性提高。23, when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 1.0 mm and less than 1.75 mm, the joint condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 6.2 to 6.6 mm. That is, it can be seen that the joining condition is good as long as the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.4≦T-Z≦0.8 mm. When the TZ value is smaller than 0.4 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 , and thus the density of the joint portion decreases. This increases the possibility of occurrence of bonding defects.
根据图23可知，在轴肩部间的距离为5.8mm，金属板彼此的间隙为大于1.75mm且为2.00mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为6.6mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，可以知道只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部的间距Z设定成T－Z＝0.8mm的话，则接合状况良好。若T－Z值比0.8mm小，则由于塑性流动化后的金属容易从第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12溢出，因此，使得接合部的密度降低。藉此，接合缺陷产生的可能性提高。As can be seen from FIG. 23 , when the distance between the shoulders is 5.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 1.75 mm and less than 2.00 mm, the joining condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 6.6 mm. That is, it can be seen that if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z of the shoulder portion are set to T−Z=0.8 mm, the joining condition is good. If the TZ value is smaller than 0.8 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 , thereby reducing the density of the joint portion. This increases the possibility of occurrence of bonding defects.
图24是表示影响接合质量的金属板的厚度与间隙间的关系的表，其示出了使Ad侧的厚度变化而将Re侧的厚度固定的情况。图25是表示影响接合质量的金属板的厚度与间隙间的关系的表，其示出了将Ad侧的厚度固定而使Rd侧的厚度变化的情况。FIG. 24 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality, and shows a case where the thickness on the Ad side is changed and the thickness on the Re side is fixed. FIG. 25 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side is fixed and the thickness on the Rd side is changed.
在图24的试验中，将Re侧的厚度固定为6.0mm，而使Ad侧的厚度适当变化，来进行摩擦搅拌接合。在图25的试验中，将Ad侧的厚度固定为6.2mm，而使Re侧的厚度适当变化，来进行摩擦搅拌接合。也就是说，在图32及图33的试验中，一边使所要对接的金属板的左右的厚度变化，一边观察不同间隙下的接合质量。In the test of FIG. 24 , the thickness on the Re side was fixed at 6.0 mm, and the thickness on the Ad side was appropriately changed to perform friction stir welding. In the test of FIG. 25 , the thickness on the Ad side was fixed at 6.2 mm, and the thickness on the Re side was appropriately changed to perform friction stir welding. In other words, in the tests shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 , the quality of bonding at different gaps was observed while changing the thickness of the metal plates to be butted on the left and right.
在将图24及图25对比后，图24中的良好的情况较多。换言之，如图32所示，在将Re侧的金属板固定为6.0mm，且使Ad侧的金属板在6.2mm以上变化的情况下，接合状况良好的情况较多。这是由于在实施例1中使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝右旋转，因此，塑性化流动后的金属容易从行进方向的左侧(Ad侧)朝右侧(Re侧)移动，在金属板彼此间存在间隙的情况下，Ad侧的金属会填埋该间隙。因此，若如图25的条件这样，使行进方向左侧的金属板的厚度比行进方向右侧的金属板厚度小，则接合部中央的金属不足，而使接合不良的可能性较高。但是，若如图24的条件这样，使行进方向左侧的金属板厚度比行进方向右侧的金属板厚度大，则可补充接合部中央的金属不足，因此，能获得良好的接合状态。After comparing FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 , there are many good cases in FIG. 24 . In other words, as shown in FIG. 32 , when the metal plate on the Re side was fixed at 6.0 mm and the metal plate on the Ad side was changed to 6.2 mm or more, the joining condition was often good. This is because in Example 1, the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool is rotated to the right, so the plasticized and flowed metal tends to move from the left side (Ad side) to the right side (Re side) in the advancing direction. When there is a gap between the metal plates, the metal on the Ad side fills up the gap. Therefore, if the thickness of the metal plate on the left side in the traveling direction is smaller than the thickness of the metal plate on the right side in the traveling direction as in the condition of FIG. However, if the thickness of the metal plate on the left side in the advancing direction is greater than that on the right side in the advancing direction as in the condition of FIG.
上述的结果也可从图26及图27加以确认。标绘点“◆”表示试验体H4(Ad侧的厚度＝6.6mm且Re侧的厚度＝6.6mm)。标绘点“■”表示试验体H10(Ad侧的厚度＝6.0mm且Re侧的厚度＝6.6mm)，标绘点“●”表示试验体H16(Ad侧的厚度＝6.6mm且Re侧的厚度＝6.0mm)。The above results can also be confirmed from FIGS. 26 and 27 . The plotted point "◆" indicates the test body H4 (thickness on the Ad side = 6.6 mm and thickness on the Re side = 6.6 mm). Plotted point "■" indicates test body H10 (thickness on Ad side = 6.0 mm and thickness on Re side = 6.6 mm), and plotted point "●" indicates test body H16 (thickness on Ad side = 6.6 mm and thickness on Re side Thickness = 6.0 mm).
如图26(a)所示，可以知道在接合部的Cr部的厚度中，按照试验体H4、H16、H10的顺序变小。也就是说，可以知道若Ad侧的金属板比Re侧薄，则接合部的Cr部厚度就会变小。As shown in FIG. 26( a ), it can be seen that the thickness of the Cr portion of the joining portion becomes smaller in the order of the specimens H4, H16, and H10. That is, it can be seen that when the metal plate on the Ad side is thinner than the Re side, the thickness of the Cr portion of the joining portion becomes smaller.
如图26(b)所示，可以知道在接合部的Ad部的厚度中，试验体H4、H10、H16均为5.8mm左右，并且比接合前的厚度有所减少。特别是，在观察试验体H4、H16时，可以知道厚度有相当程度的减少。As shown in FIG. 26( b ), it can be seen that the thicknesses of the Ad portions of the joints were all about 5.8 mm for the specimens H4, H10, and H16, and were slightly smaller than the thicknesses before joining. In particular, when test pieces H4 and H16 were observed, it was found that the thickness was considerably reduced.
如图27(a)所示，可以知道在接合部的Re部的厚度中，试验体H10、H16的厚度没有很大的差异，但试验体H4的厚度总体上比较大。此外，若将图26(b)与图27(a)整体对比，则可知Re部的厚度总体上比Ad部的厚度大。As shown in FIG. 27( a ), it can be seen that in the thickness of the Re portion of the junction, the thicknesses of the specimens H10 and H16 are not significantly different, but the thickness of the specimen H4 is generally relatively large. In addition, when Fig. 26(b) is compared with Fig. 27(a) as a whole, it can be seen that the thickness of the Re portion is larger than the thickness of the Ad portion as a whole.
如图27(b)所示，可以知道接合部的平均厚度按试验体H10、H16、H4的顺序增大。As shown in FIG. 27( b ), it can be seen that the average thickness of the joint portion increases in the order of the test bodies H10, H16, and H4.
如图26、图27所示，使用试验体H4、H16，与试验体10相比，能增大Cr部的厚度。但是，若使用试验体H4，虽然可增大接合部的厚度，但相应地会使轴肩部间的内压变大而使工具寿命降低的可能性提高。因此，通过像试验体H16这样，将Ad侧的金属板的厚度设定为比Re侧的金属板的厚度大，不仅能够使轴肩部间的内压降低，而且能增大接合部的Cr部的厚度。As shown in FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 , using test bodies H4 and H16, compared with test body 10, the thickness of the Cr portion can be increased. However, if the test piece H4 is used, the thickness of the joint portion can be increased, but the internal pressure between the shoulders will increase correspondingly, and the possibility of reducing the tool life will increase. Therefore, by setting the thickness of the metal plate on the Ad side to be larger than the thickness of the metal plate on the Re side like the test body H16, not only can the internal pressure between the shoulders be reduced, but also the Cr at the junction can be increased. the thickness of the section.
<实施例2><Example 2>
使用实施方式1的摩擦搅拌装置1(双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5)，进行用于对所要进行摩擦搅拌接合的金属板(板状端部)的厚度与金属板彼此的间隙对接合状态带来怎样的影响进行调查的试验。金属板彼此的间隙在0～2.0mm之间每次变化0.25mm。在试验中使用的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的轴肩部外径(轴肩部中的、与金属板接触的面的直径)设定为10mm，销外径设定为6mm，轴肩部间的距离设定为2.8mm。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的转速设定为2000rpm，移动速度设定为1000mm/min，旋转方向设定为朝右旋转。此外，如实施方式1所记载的，上述双轴肩部搅拌头型工具是双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的高度位置会随着金属板的翘曲而发生变化的形态。在进行摩擦搅拌接合后，从X射线穿透试验和截面微组织来判断接合质量。Using the friction stir device 1 (twin-shaft shoulder stir head tool 5 ) of the first embodiment, the thickness of the metal plates (plate-shaped ends) to be friction stir welded and the state of gap-joint joining of the metal plates are performed. What kind of impact will be carried out to investigate the experiment. The gap between the metal plates is changed by 0.25mm every time between 0mm and 2.0mm. The outer diameter of the shoulder (the diameter of the surface in contact with the metal plate in the shoulder) of the dual-shaft shoulder stirring head tool used in the test was set to 10 mm, the outer diameter of the pin was set to 6 mm, and the shoulder The distance between parts was set to 2.8 mm. The rotational speed of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool was set to 2000 rpm, the moving speed was set to 1000 mm/min, and the rotation direction was set to rotate to the right. In addition, as described in Embodiment 1, the above-mentioned biaxial shoulder tip tool is a form in which the height position of the biaxial shoulder tip tool changes according to the warping of the metal plate. After performing friction stir welding, the joining quality was judged from the X-ray penetration test and the cross-sectional microstructure.
对于所要进行摩擦搅拌接合的金属板的试验体(材料A6063－T5)，使用Ad侧与Rd侧的金属板厚度相同，但厚度在3.0mm、3.2mm、3.4mm间改变的试验体。For the test body of the metal plate to be subjected to friction stir welding (material A6063-T5), the thickness of the metal plate on the Ad side and the Rd side is the same, but the test body whose thickness is changed between 3.0mm, 3.2mm, and 3.4mm is used.
图28是表示在实施例2中，影响接合质量的金属板的厚度与间隙间的关系的图，其示出了Ad侧＝Re侧的情况。在图中，“○”表示接合状况良好的情况，“×”表示接合状况不良的情况。FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap that affects the joining quality in Example 2, showing the case where Ad side=Re side. In the figure, "◯" indicates that the joining condition is good, and "×" indicates that the joining condition is not good.
根据图28可知，即使间隙增大，只要金属板的厚度相对于轴肩部间的距离Z也增大，则仍会有接合状况良好的情况。但是，可以知道若金属板的厚度与轴肩部间的距离之间的差超过0.6mm(本实施例中，金属板的厚度比3.4mm大)，则在轴肩部间产生的内压变大，而使工具的寿命显著下降。As can be seen from FIG. 28 , even if the gap is increased, the joining condition may still be good as long as the thickness of the metal plate with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders is increased. However, it can be seen that if the difference between the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders exceeds 0.6 mm (in this embodiment, the thickness of the metal plate is greater than 3.4 mm), the internal pressure generated between the shoulders will change. Large, and the life of the tool is significantly reduced.
此外，根据图28可知，在轴肩部间的距离Z为2.8mm，金属板间的间隙为0.75mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为3.0～3.4mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，可以知道只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部的间距Z设定成0.2≤T－Z≤0.6mm，则接合状况良好。若T－Z值比0.2小，则塑性流动化的金属容易从第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12溢出，而使接合部的密度降低。藉此，接合缺陷产生的可能性提高。若金属板间的间隙为0.75mm以下，则因摩擦搅拌接合的摩擦热而使金属板的温度上升，因金属板膨胀而使间隙消失，因此，可以认为接合状况大致良好。In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 28 , when the distance Z between the shoulders is 2.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is 0.75 mm or less, the joining condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 3.0 to 3.4 mm. In other words, it can be seen that the joining condition is good as long as the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.2≦T-Z≦0.6 mm. When the TZ value is smaller than 0.2, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 , thereby reducing the density of the joining portion. This increases the possibility of occurrence of bonding defects. If the gap between the metal plates is 0.75 mm or less, the temperature of the metal plates rises due to the frictional heat of the friction stir welding, and the gap disappears due to the expansion of the metal plates. Therefore, it can be considered that the joining condition is generally good.
此外，根据图28可知，在轴肩部间的距离为2.8mm，金属板彼此的间隙为大于0.75mm且为1.50mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为3.2～3.4mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，可以知道只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部的间距Z设定成0.4≤T－Z≤0.6mm，则接合状况良好。若T－Z值比0.4mm小，则塑性流动化后的金属容易从第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12溢出，而使接合部的密度降低。藉此，接合缺陷产生的可能性提高。28, when the distance between the shoulders is 2.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 0.75 mm and less than 1.50 mm, the joining condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 3.2 to 3.4 mm. In other words, it can be seen that the joining condition is good as long as the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.4≦T-Z≦0.6 mm. When the TZ value is smaller than 0.4 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 , thereby reducing the density of the junction. This increases the possibility of occurrence of bonding defects.
此外，根据图28可知，轴肩部间的距离为2.8mm，金属板彼此的间隙为大于1.50mm且为1.75mm以下时，只要金属板的厚度为3.4mm，则接合状况良好。也就是说，只要将金属板的厚度T和轴肩部的间距Z设定成T－Z＝0.6mm，则接合状况良好。In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 28 , when the distance between the shoulders is 2.8 mm and the gap between the metal plates is greater than 1.50 mm and less than or equal to 1.75 mm, the joining condition is good as long as the thickness of the metal plates is 3.4 mm. That is, if the thickness T of the metal plate and the pitch Z of the shoulder portion are set to T−Z=0.6 mm, the joining condition will be good.
此外，根据图28可知，若间隙为2.0mm，则即使金属板的厚度为3.4mm也会产生接合不良。In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 28 , when the gap is 2.0 mm, joint failure occurs even if the thickness of the metal plate is 3.4 mm.
<工具形状><tool shape>
图29是表示在实施例1中，将轴肩部间的距离固定为5.8mm时各双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸和接合状况的表。图30是表示在实施例2中，将轴肩部间的距离固定为2.8mm时各双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸和接合状况的表。图31是表示在参考例中，将轴肩部间的距离固定为11.5mm时各双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸和接合状况的表。在图29、图30、图31中，示出了抗拉伸力/材料阻力、抗折力/材料阻力、材料保持趋势。Fig. 29 is a table showing the dimensions and joining status of each biaxial shoulder paddle tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 5.8 mm in Example 1. Fig. 30 is a table showing the dimensions and joining conditions of each biaxial shoulder paddle tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 2.8 mm in Example 2. Fig. 31 is a table showing the dimensions and joining conditions of each biaxial shoulder paddle tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 11.5 mm in the reference example. In FIG. 29 , FIG. 30 , and FIG. 31 , tensile force/material resistance, bending resistance/material resistance, and material retention trends are shown.
抗拉伸力/材料阻力由Y2/(X2－Y2)来表示。也就是说，第一轴肩部11的下表面及第二轴肩部12的上表面在摩擦搅拌时因受到塑性流动化后的金属的按压，因此，拉伸应力作用在销13上。因此，抗拉伸力/材料阻力使用将第一轴肩部11的下表面(第二轴肩部12的上表面)的外径X的平方值减去销13的外径Y的平方值后得到的值(X2－Y2)，并将销13的外径Y的平方值除以上述得到的值后的值来表示。Stretch resistance/material resistance is represented by Y2 /(X2 −Y2 ). That is, since the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 and the upper surface of the second shoulder portion 12 are pressed by the plastic fluidized metal during friction stirring, tensile stress acts on the pin 13 . Therefore, the tensile force/material resistance is calculated by subtracting the square value of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 from the square value of the outer diameter X of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 (the upper surface of the second shoulder 12). The obtained value (X2 −Y2 ) is represented by dividing the square value of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 by the above obtained value.
抗折力/材料阻力由Y2/YZ来表示。也就是说，在双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5使对接部N移动时，作用有与销13的轴向垂直的方向的力。因此，抗折力/材料阻力使用将销13的外径的平方值除以销13的包括轴在内的截面的截面积后的值来表示。The bending resistance/material resistance is represented by Y2 /YZ. That is, when the biaxial shoulder tool 5 moves the butting portion N, a force in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the pin 13 acts. Therefore, the bending resistance/material resistance is represented by a value obtained by dividing the square value of the outer diameter of the pin 13 by the cross-sectional area of the cross-section of the pin 13 including the shaft.
材料保持趋势由X2/Y2来表示。也就是说，在摩擦搅拌时，塑性流动化后的金属被第一轴肩部11的下表面及第二轴肩部12的上表面保持。因此，材料保持趋势使用将第一轴肩部11(第二轴肩部12)的外径X的平方值除以销13的外径Y的平方值后的值来表示。The material retention trend is represented by X2 /Y2 . That is, during friction stirring, the plastic fluidized metal is held by the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 and the upper surface of the second shoulder portion 12 . Therefore, the material retention tendency is represented by a value obtained by dividing the square value of the outer diameter X of the first shoulder portion 11 (second shoulder portion 12 ) by the square value of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 .
在对图29、图30、图31进行分析后，可知若材料保持趋势(X2/Y2)为2.0以下，则接合缺陷容易产生，若比2.0大，则接合缺陷不会产生。若材料保持趋势(X2/Y2)为2.0以下，则由于销13的外径Y相对于第一轴肩部11(第二轴肩部12)的外径来说过粗，因此，可以认为对金属进行按压的轴肩部的面积变小，因而，无法充分地对被摩擦搅拌后的金属进行按压，金属便会产生毛边，而从轴肩部的外部溢出。另一方面，若材料保持趋势(X2/Y2)比2.0大，则相对于销13的外径Y而言，第一轴肩部11(第二轴肩部12)的外径X大，因此，能够使用两个轴肩部充分地对塑性化流动后的金属进行按压。藉此，可以认为接合缺陷不容易产生。29, 30, and 31, it can be seen that if the material retention tendency (X2 /Y2 ) is 2.0 or less, bonding defects are likely to occur, and if it is greater than 2.0, bonding defects will not occur. If the material retention tendency (X2 /Y2 ) is 2.0 or less, since the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 is too thick for the outer diameter of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12 ), it is possible to It is considered that the area of the shoulder that presses the metal becomes small, and therefore the friction-stirred metal cannot be sufficiently pressed, and the metal is burred and overflows from the outside of the shoulder. On the other hand, if the material retention tendency (X2 /Y2 ) is larger than 2.0, the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12 ) is larger than the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 , therefore, the plasticized and flowed metal can be sufficiently pressed using the two shoulders. Accordingly, it can be considered that bonding defects are less likely to occur.
此外，在对图29、图30、图31进行分析后，可知若抗拉伸力/材料阻力(Y2/(X2－Y2))为0.2以下，则销容易破损。这是由于抗拉伸力/材料阻力(Y2/(X2－Y2))为0.2以下时，销外径Y相对于轴肩部外径X变小，因此，可以认为在接合时销的抗拉伸力相对于在轴向上产生的材料阻力来说不足，而使销13容易折断。若抗张力/材料阻力(Y2/(X2－Y2))比0.2大，则可以认为销外径Y相对轴肩部外径X变大，因此，销13不容易折断。In addition, analysis of Fig. 29 , Fig. 30 , and Fig. 31 shows that the pin is easily broken when the tensile force/material resistance (Y2 /(X2 -Y2 )) is 0.2 or less. This is because when the tensile force/material resistance (Y2 /(X2 -Y2 )) is 0.2 or less, the outer diameter Y of the pin becomes smaller than the outer diameter X of the shoulder, so it can be considered that the pin The tensile force is not enough relative to the material resistance generated in the axial direction, so that the pin 13 is easily broken. If the tensile strength/material resistance (Y2 /(X2 −Y2 )) is greater than 0.2, it can be considered that the pin outer diameter Y becomes larger than the shoulder outer diameter X, and therefore the pin 13 is not easily broken.
此外，在对图29、图30、图31进行分析后，可知若抗折力/材料阻力(Y2/YZ)为1.2以下，则销13容易破损。这是由于在抗折力/材料阻力(Y2/YZ)为1.2以下时，销的外径Y相对于轴肩间的距离(销的长度)Z来说较小，因此，可以认为在接合时销对于沿与工具行进方向相反的方向流动的材料的抗折力不足，而使销13容易折断。若抗折力/材料阻力(Y2/YZ)大于1.2，则销外径Y相对于轴肩部间的距离(销的长度)Z来说较大，因此，销13不容易折断。In addition, analysis of Fig. 29 , Fig. 30 , and Fig. 31 shows that the pin 13 is easily damaged when the bending resistance/material resistance (Y2 /YZ) is 1.2 or less. This is because when the bending resistance/material resistance (Y2 /YZ) is 1.2 or less, the outer diameter Y of the pin is relatively small relative to the distance between the shoulders (the length of the pin) Z, so it can be considered that the joint When the pin has insufficient bending resistance against material flowing in the direction opposite to the direction of travel of the tool, the pin 13 is easily broken. If the bending resistance/material resistance (Y2 /YZ) is greater than 1.2, the pin outer diameter Y is larger than the distance (pin length) Z between the shaft shoulders, so the pin 13 is not easily broken.
此外，在对图29、图30、图31进行分析后，可知当抗张力/材料阻力(Y2/(X2－Y2))为0.2以下，或是抗折力/材料阻力(Y2/YZ)为1.2以下时，销会发生破损。然而，当抗张力/材料阻力(Y2/(X2－Y2))大于0.2且抗折力/材料阻力(Y2/YZ)大于1.2时，销不会破损。因此，可以得到如下结论：为了防止接合时双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销发生破损，较为理想的是，将销的形状设计成使轴肩部外径X、销外径Y及轴肩部间的距离(销的长度)Z同时满足以下式(1)、(2)。In addition, after analyzing Figure 29, Figure 30, and Figure 31, it can be seen that when the tensile strength/material resistance (Y2 /(X2 -Y2 )) is less than 0.2, or the bending resistance/material resistance (Y2 /YZ) is 1.2 or less, the pin may be damaged. However, when the tensile strength/material resistance (Y2 /(X2 −Y2 )) is greater than 0.2 and the bending resistance/material resistance (Y2 /YZ) is greater than 1.2, the pin does not break. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to prevent damage to the pin of the dual-shaft shoulder stirring head tool during joining, it is ideal to design the shape of the pin so that the outer diameter of the shoulder X, the outer diameter of the pin Y and the shoulder The distance (pin length) Z between parts satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) at the same time.
Y2/(X2－Y2)＞0.2…………(1)Y2 /(X2 -Y2 )>0.2…………(1)
Y2/YZ＞1.2…………………(2)Y2/YZ＞1.2………………(2 )
<实施例3><Example 3>
在实施例3中，对双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的销上刻设的螺旋槽的比例及螺旋槽的旋转方向对接合后的金属板带来怎样的影响进行调查。参照图7(a)，将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转方向设定成从滑动轴侧观察为朝右旋转。此外，使右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例改变，来设定五种条件A～E，并进行摩擦搅拌接合。In Example 3, it was investigated how the ratio of the helical grooves engraved on the pin of the biaxial shoulder tool and the direction of rotation of the helical grooves affect the joined metal plates. Referring to FIG. 7( a ), the rotation direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool is set to rotate clockwise when viewed from the slide shaft side. In addition, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread and the lower helical groove 13b of the left-hand thread was changed to set five kinds of conditions A to E, and friction stir welding was performed.
在条件A中，将右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为0：100(没有右螺纹)。In condition A, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13 a of the right-hand thread to the lower helical groove 13 b of the left-hand thread is set to 0:100 (no right-hand thread).
在条件B中，将右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为25：75。In condition B, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread to the lower helical groove 13b of the left-hand thread is set to 25:75.
在条件C中，将右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为50：50。In condition C, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13 a of the right-hand thread to the lower helical groove 13 b of the left-hand thread is set to 50:50.
在条件D中，将右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为75：25。In condition D, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13 a of the right-hand thread to the lower helical groove 13 b of the left-hand thread is set to 75:25.
在条件E中，将右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为100：0(没有左螺纹)。In condition E, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread to the lower helical groove 13b of the left-hand thread is set to 100:0 (no left-hand thread).
在实施例3中，准备两块板厚T为6.2mm的铝合金的金属板(A6063－T5)，并将两块金属板接合。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的第一轴肩部11及第二轴肩部12的外径X(轴肩部中的、与金属板接触的面的直径)设定为20mm，销13的外径Y设定为12mm，轴肩部间的距离Z设定为5.8mm。螺旋槽深度设定为0.81mm。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的转速设定为800rpm，接合速度设定为600mm/min。此外，在各条件中，为了对与对接部N间的关系进行调查，将间隙改变为0mm、1.25mm、1.50mm、1.75mm、2.00mm后，进行试验。In Example 3, two metal plates (A6063-T5) of an aluminum alloy having a plate thickness T of 6.2 mm were prepared, and the two metal plates were joined. The outer diameter X of the first shoulder portion 11 and the second shoulder portion 12 (the diameter of the surface in contact with the metal plate in the shoulder portion) of the dual-shaft shoulder stirring head tool 5 was set to 20 mm, and the pin 13 The outer diameter Y of the shaft is set to 12mm, and the distance Z between the shoulders is set to 5.8mm. The depth of the spiral groove is set to 0.81mm. The rotational speed of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 was set at 800 rpm, and the joining speed was set at 600 mm/min. In addition, in each condition, in order to investigate the relationship with the butt part N, the test was performed after changing the clearance gap to 0 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.50 mm, 1.75 mm, and 2.00 mm.
图32是表示在实施例3中，螺纹比例对金属板的高低差带来的影响(对接部的间隙为0mm)的图。图33是表示在实施例3中，螺纹比例对金属板高低差带来的影响(对接部的间隙为1.5mm)的图。高低差是以接合前的金属板的表面为基准(基准＝0)，来表示接合后的各部位的高度位置。在高低差为正值时表示呈凸状，为负值时表示呈凹状(凹槽)。32 is a graph showing the influence of the thread ratio on the level difference of the metal plate in Example 3 (the gap between the butt joints is 0 mm). Fig. 33 is a graph showing the influence of the thread ratio on the difference in height of the metal plate in Example 3 (the gap between the butt joints is 1.5 mm). The height difference represents the height position of each part after joining with the surface of the metal plate before joining as a reference (reference=0). When the height difference is a positive value, it shows a convex shape, and when it is a negative value, it shows a concave shape (groove).
如图33所示，使用“▲”表示的表面Sa的Re侧在条件A～E中均表示为正值。也就是说，表面Sa的Re侧始终呈凸状。As shown in FIG. 33 , the Re side of the surface Sa represented by "▲" shows positive values in all conditions A to E. That is, the Re side of the surface Sa is always convex.
另一方面，使用“◆”表示的表面Sa的Ad侧在条件A中表示为很大的负值。也就是说，在条件A中，表面Sa的Ad侧呈很大的凹状。此外，在使用“◆”表示的表面Sa的Ad侧，随着右螺纹比例的增大，表面Sa的Ad侧的凹陷逐步减小，在条件E中呈凸状。On the other hand, the Ad side of the surface Sa represented by "◆" shows a large negative value in the condition A. That is, in the condition A, the Ad side of the surface Sa has a large concave shape. In addition, on the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by "◆", as the ratio of the right-hand thread increases, the concavity on the Ad side of the surface Sa gradually decreases, and it becomes convex in condition E.
另一方面，使用“■”表示的背面Sb的Ad侧在条件A中表示为很大的正值。也就是说，在条件A中，背面Sb的Ad侧呈很大的凸状。此外，在使用“■”表示的背面Sb的Ad侧，随着右螺纹比例的增大，背面Sb的Ad侧的凹陷逐渐增大，在条件D、E中呈凹状。也就是说，使用“◆”表示的表面Sa的Ad侧与使用“■”表示的背面Sb的Ad侧，处于与右螺纹的比例呈相反的关系。此外，使用“◆”表示的表面Sa的Ad侧与使用“■”表示的背面Sb的Ad侧即使是在条件C(50：50)下，也只是略呈凹状。On the other hand, the Ad side of the rear surface Sb indicated by "■" shows a large positive value in the condition A. That is, in the condition A, the Ad side of the rear surface Sb is largely convex. In addition, on the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by "■", as the ratio of the right-hand thread increases, the concavity on the Ad side of the back surface Sb gradually increases, and it is concave in conditions D and E. That is, the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by "◆" and the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by "■" are in an inverse relationship to the ratio of right-hand threads. In addition, the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by "◆" and the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by "■" are only slightly concave even under the condition C (50:50).
在将图32及图33进行对比后，可知即使对接部的间隙为1.5mm，在对接部的间隙为0mm时，高低差的趋势也也几乎没有改变。可以知道图33的使用“▲”表示的表面Sa的Re侧及以使用“●”表示的背面Sb的Re侧的值在整体上与图32相比要小。Comparing FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 , it can be seen that even if the gap of the butting portion is 1.5 mm, the trend of the height difference hardly changes when the gap of the butting portion is 0 mm. It can be seen that the values on the Re side of the surface Sa represented by "▲" and the Re side of the rear surface Sb represented by "●" in FIG. 33 are generally smaller than those in FIG. 32 .
图34是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件A的金属板的塑性化区域的图。图35是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件B的金属板的塑性化区域的图。图36是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件C的金属板的塑性化区域的图。图37是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件D的金属板的塑性化区域的图。图38是表示在实施例3中，在对接部的间隙不同的情况下，条件E的金属板的塑性化区域的图。图34～图38中的各图的左栏表示进行了塑性化区域W的微组织观察的剖视图，中栏表示塑性化区域W的表面(装饰面)Sa侧的俯视图，右栏表示塑性化区域W的背面Sb侧的俯视图。FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under the condition A in Example 3, when the gaps of the butting portions are different. FIG. 35 is a diagram showing plasticized regions of metal sheets under condition B in Example 3 when gaps between butting portions are different. FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under condition C in Example 3 when the gaps of the butting portions are different. FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under the condition D in Example 3 when the gaps between the butting portions are different. FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the plasticized region of the metal plate under condition E in Example 3 when the gaps between the butting portions are different. The left column of each figure in FIGS. 34 to 38 shows a cross-sectional view in which the microstructure of the plasticized region W was observed, the middle column shows a plan view on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side of the plasticized region W, and the right column shows the plasticized region. Top view of the backside Sb side of W.
如图34的左栏所示，在条件A的情况下，在表面(装饰面)Sa侧形成有很大的凹槽V，但在背面Sb侧没有形成凹槽V。在对接部的间隙为1.75mm、2.00mm时，表面Sa侧形成接合缺陷Q。塑性化区域W朝向背面Sb逐渐扩张。塑性化区域W的纹路是左右非对称的。塑性化区域W的Ad侧的纹路比Re侧的纹路更深。此外，在图34中，金属板的背面Sb侧的毛边P比表面Sa侧的毛边P少。As shown in the left column of FIG. 34 , in the case of condition A, a large groove V is formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, but no groove V is formed on the back surface Sb side. When the gaps between the butting portions were 1.75 mm and 2.00 mm, the joint defect Q was formed on the surface Sa side. The plasticized region W gradually expands toward the back surface Sb. The texture of the plasticized area W is left-right asymmetric. The texture on the Ad side of the plasticized region W is deeper than the texture on the Re side. In addition, in FIG. 34 , the burrs P on the back surface Sb side of the metal plate are less than the burrs P on the surface Sa side.
如图35的左栏所示，在条件B的情况下，在表面(装饰面)Sa侧形成有比条件A小的凹槽V，但在背面Sb侧没有凹槽V。在对接部的间隙为2.00mm时，在金属板的内部形成接合缺陷Q。塑性化区域W的纹路是左右非对称的。塑性化区域W的Ad侧的纹路比Re侧的纹路更深。在将图43的条件B的背面Sb与图42的条件A的背面Sb进行对比后，条件B的毛边P产生得较多，而使表面粗糙。As shown in the left column of FIG. 35 , in the case of condition B, a groove V smaller than condition A is formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, but no groove V is formed on the back surface Sb side. When the gap between the abutting portions was 2.00 mm, a joining defect Q was formed inside the metal plate. The texture of the plasticized area W is left-right asymmetric. The texture on the Ad side of the plasticized region W is deeper than the texture on the Re side. Comparing the back surface Sb of the condition B in FIG. 43 with the back surface Sb of the condition A of FIG. 42 , the burr P of the condition B is much generated, and the surface is rough.
如图36的左栏所示，在条件C的情况下，在表面(装饰面)Sa侧形成有较小的凹槽V，在背面Sb侧也形成有较小的凹槽V。在对接部的间隙为2.00mm时，在金属板的内部形成接合缺陷Q。塑性化区域W的上下的纹路大致对称，且左右的纹路大致对称。在将图36的条件C的表面Sa与图35的条件B的表面Sa进行对比后，在条件C的表面Sa上几乎没有毛边。此外，在条件C的背面Sb上，Re侧的毛边P比Ad侧的毛边P产生得多。As shown in the left column of FIG. 36 , in the case of condition C, small grooves V are formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and small grooves V are also formed on the back surface Sb side. When the gap between the abutting portions was 2.00 mm, a joining defect Q was formed inside the metal plate. The upper and lower lines of the plasticized region W are approximately symmetrical, and the left and right lines are approximately symmetrical. After comparing the surface Sa of the condition C of FIG. 36 with the surface Sa of the condition B of FIG. 35 , there is almost no burr on the surface Sa of the condition C. In addition, on the back surface Sb of the condition C, more burrs P were generated on the Re side than on the Ad side.
如图37的左栏所示，在条件D的情况下，在表面(装饰面)Sa侧没有形成凹槽V，而在背面Sb侧形成较小的凹槽V。在对接部的间隙为2.00mm时，在金属板的内部形成接合缺陷Q。此外，背面Sb的毛边P比表面Sa的毛边P产生得多。As shown in the left column of FIG. 37 , in the case of condition D, no groove V is formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and a smaller groove V is formed on the back surface Sb side. When the gap between the abutting portions was 2.00 mm, a joining defect Q was formed inside the metal plate. In addition, the burrs P of the back surface Sb are generated more than the burrs P of the surface Sa.
如图38的左栏所示，在条件E的情况下，在表面(装饰面)Sa侧没有形成凹槽V，而在背面Sb侧形成很大的凹槽V。在对接部的间隙为1.75mm、2.00mm时，在金属板的内部形成接合缺陷Q。塑性化区域W朝向背面Sb逐渐变窄。在背面Sb产生许多的毛边P，而在表面Sa则没有产生毛边P。As shown in the left column of FIG. 38, in the case of condition E, no groove V is formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, but a large groove V is formed on the back surface Sb side. When the gaps between the butted portions were 1.75 mm and 2.00 mm, the joint defect Q was formed inside the metal plate. The plasticized region W gradually narrows toward the back surface Sb. Many burrs P are generated on the back surface Sb, but no burrs P are generated on the surface Sa.
图39是将实施例3的结果汇总后的表。各要素的符号直接参照实施方式2的符号。如图47的条件A的示意图所示，若在100％的范围内设置朝右旋转的左螺纹，则流动化的金属会被螺旋槽引导，而朝背面Sb侧移动。因上述金属的移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的第二轴肩部12受到按压，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5相对于金属板朝与滑动轴4相反的一侧(背面Sb侧)移动。藉此，由于双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5会过深地进入表面(装饰面)Sa侧，因此，在表面Sa侧形成很大的凹槽V。FIG. 39 is a table summarizing the results of Example 3. FIG. The symbols of each element refer to the symbols of Embodiment 2 as they are. As shown in the schematic diagram of condition A in FIG. 47 , if a left thread that turns right is provided within a range of 100%, the fluidized metal is guided by the spiral groove and moves toward the back surface Sb side. Due to the movement of the above metal, the second shoulder 12 of the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 is pressed, and the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 faces the side opposite to the sliding shaft 4 with respect to the metal plate (back side). Sb side) move. Thereby, since the biaxial shoulder tool 5 enters too deeply into the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, a large groove V is formed on the surface Sa side.
另一方面，如图39的条件B～E所示，在设置25％以上比例的右螺纹部分来作为上部螺旋槽13a的情况下，因由右螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，就会使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5被朝滑动轴4侧(上方)按压，从而能够防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具过深地进入金属板的表面Sa(装饰面)。藉此，能防止在表面Sa(装饰面)产生凹槽V，或是即使形成有凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。因此，能够减少用于使接合后的金属板表面Sa平滑的的精加工处理的耗时。但是，当在条件B、条件C中对接部的间隙为2.00mm时，以及当在条件D、条件E中对接部的间隙为1.75mm或2.00mm时，由于产生了接合缺陷Q，因此不适合。可以认为这是由于若对接部的间隙大就会导致接合部分的金属材料减少的缘故。On the other hand, as shown in conditions B to E of FIG. 39, in the case where the right-hand thread portion is provided as the upper helical groove 13a at a rate of 25% or more, the metal movement caused by the right-hand helical groove will cause double The shoulder tool 5 is pressed toward the slide shaft 4 side (upper side), so that the double-shaft shoulder tool can be prevented from entering the surface Sa (decorative surface) of the metal plate too deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the grooves V from being generated on the surface Sa (decorative surface), or to reduce the depth of the grooves even if the grooves are formed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time required for finishing processing for smoothing the surface Sa of the metal plates after joining. However, when the gap between the mating parts is 2.00 mm in condition B and condition C, and when the gap is 1.75 mm or 2.00 mm in condition D and condition E, the joining defect Q occurs, so it is not suitable. . This is considered to be due to the reduction of the metal material at the joined portion if the gap between the butt portions is large.
另外，例如像条件E这样，在以100％的比例刻设朝右旋转的右螺纹时，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5相对于板状端部102朝上方移动，第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置位于板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面(装饰面)Sa的上方，在第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置与板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa之间的间隙较大的情况下，金属的按压便不够充分，但是在第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置与板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa之间的间隙微小的情况下，能够充分地按压金属。In addition, for example, as in condition E, when engraving a right-hand thread that rotates to the right at a ratio of 100%, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 moves upward relative to the plate-shaped end portion 102, and the first shoulder portion 11 The height position of the lower surface of the plate-shaped end portion 102 is above the surface (decorative surface) Sa before friction stirring, and the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 is the same as that of the plate-shaped end portion 102 before friction stirring When the gap between the surfaces Sa is large, the pressing of the metal is not sufficient, but the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end 102 before friction stirring Even in minute cases, the metal can be sufficiently pressed.
此外，在第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置与板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa之间的间隙微小的情况下，塑性化区域W仅比摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa突出些许。但是，将板状端部102的表面Sa变得平滑的处理由于只需要与摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa的高度对齐并将突出的部分切削即可，因此，精加工处理变得容易。In addition, when the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 before friction stirring is small, the plasticized region W protrudes only from the surface Sa before friction stirring. a little. However, the process of smoothing the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 is only required to align with the height of the surface Sa before friction stirring and cut off the protruding part, so the finishing process becomes easy.
在上述实施方式1中，上部螺旋槽13a和下部螺旋槽13b相对于轴肩部间的距离Z以50：50的比例形成，但在将装饰面设为表面Sa，且使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转的情况下，较为理想的是，使第一轴肩部11侧的右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a和第二轴肩部12侧的左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b相对于轴肩部间的距离Z以25：75～100：0的比例形成。也就是说，也可以将右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a形成为在第一轴肩部11侧相对于轴肩部间的距离Z形成为25％以上的部分，并将上部螺旋槽13a以外的部分全部作为左螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b。在使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转的情况下，也可以不设置左螺纹，而在销13的轴向的全长上设置右螺纹。In Embodiment 1 above, the distance Z between the upper helical groove 13a and the lower helical groove 13b with respect to the shoulders is formed at a ratio of 50:50. When the head tool 5 is rotated to the right, it is desirable to make the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread on the first shoulder 11 side and the lower helical groove 13b of the left-hand thread on the second shoulder 12 side relative to each other. The distance Z between the shoulders is formed at a ratio of 25:75 to 100:0. That is, it is also possible to form the upper helical groove 13a of the right-hand thread as a portion where the distance Z between the shoulders on the first shoulder portion 11 side is 25% or more, and to form the portion other than the upper helical groove 13a. All as the lower helical groove 13b of the left thread. When the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is rotated clockwise, the pin 13 may be provided with a right-hand thread over the entire length in the axial direction instead of a left-hand thread.
此外，在实施例3中，虽将表面Sa侧设定为装饰面，但也可以将背面Sb侧设定为装饰面。在这种情况下，参照图39，通过将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的旋转方向、螺旋槽的卷绕方向按照条件A、B、C、D设定，藉此，能防止背面Sb(装饰面)侧产生凹槽V，或是即使形成有凹槽V也能减小凹槽V的深度。In addition, in Example 3, although the surface Sa side was set as a decorative surface, you may set the back surface Sb side as a decorative surface. In this case, referring to FIG. 39, by setting the rotation direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 and the winding direction of the spiral groove according to the conditions A, B, C, and D, the back surface Sb can be prevented from The groove V is generated on the (decorative surface) side, or the depth of the groove V can be reduced even if the groove V is formed.
也就是说，在使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝右旋转的同时将背面侧Sb设定为装饰面的情况下，较为理想的是，包括：对接工序，在该对接工序中，使金属板的端面彼此对接；以及接合工序，在该接合工序中，在使第二轴肩部12与金属板的装饰面相对，且使销13的轴向中心与金属板的板厚方向中心对准后，使朝右旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的销13移动到对接部N，来进行摩擦搅拌接合，将轴肩部间的距离Z设定为金属板的板厚以下，且在销13的外周面的第二轴肩部12侧形成左螺纹的螺旋槽，并使上述左螺纹的螺旋槽相对于轴肩部间的距离Z以25％以上的比例形成。That is to say, in the case of setting the back side Sb as the decorative surface while rotating the biaxial shoulder tool 5 to the right, it is desirable to include a butting step in which the The end surfaces of the metal plates are butted against each other; and a joining process, in which the second shoulder portion 12 is opposed to the decorative surface of the metal plates, and the axial center of the pin 13 is aligned with the thickness direction center of the metal plates After the calibration, the pin 13 of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 rotating to the right is moved to the butt joint N to perform friction stir welding, and the distance Z between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate. A left-hand helical groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pin 13 on the second shoulder 12 side, and the left-hand helical groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more to the distance Z between the shoulders.
根据上述接合方法，第二轴肩部12侧的左螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由左螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，便会使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝与滑动轴4相反一侧(下方)按压，从而能够防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5过深地进入金属板的背面(装饰面)Sb。藉此，能够防止在装饰面产生凹槽，或是即使形成有凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。According to the above joining method, the left thread on the side of the second shoulder 12 is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, and therefore, due to the metal movement caused by the helical groove of the left thread, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 moves toward the By pressing the opposite side (downward) of the slide shaft 4, it is possible to prevent the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5 from entering the back surface (decorative surface) Sb of the metal plate too deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent grooves from being formed on the decorative surface, or to reduce the depth of the grooves even if the grooves are formed.
图40是使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具朝左旋转时的情况汇总后的图。Fig. 40 is a summary of the situation when the biaxial shoulder tool is rotated counterclockwise.
在条件F中，将左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为0：100(没有左螺纹)。In condition F, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13 a of the left thread to the lower spiral groove 13 b of the right thread is set to 0:100 (no left thread).
在条件G中，将左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为25：75。In condition G, the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13 a of the left thread to the lower spiral groove 13 b of the right thread is set to 25:75.
在条件H中，将左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为50：50。In condition H, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13 a of the left thread to the lower helical groove 13 b of the right thread is set to 50:50.
在条件I中，将左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为75：25。In condition I, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread to the lower helical groove 13b of the right thread is set to 75:25.
在条件J中，将左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a与右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b的比例设定为100：0(没有右螺纹)。In condition J, the ratio of the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread to the lower helical groove 13b of the right thread is set to 100:0 (no right thread).
如实施方式2所示，在朝左旋转时，使用在上部螺旋槽13a设有左螺纹、在下部螺旋槽13b设有右螺纹的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A。在使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A朝左旋转时，由于与实施方式1的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的螺纹的卷绕方向不同，因此，在结果上会表现出与实施例3相同的作用效果。也就是说，如条件G～条件J所示，因摩擦搅拌而流动化后的金属会被销13的左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a引导后，朝第一轴肩部11侧移动，并被销13的右螺纹的上部螺旋槽13b引导后，朝第二轴肩部12侧移动。由于左螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由左螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A被朝滑动轴4侧(上方)按压，从而能够防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A过深地进入金属板的表面(装饰面)Sa。藉此，能防止在表面(装饰面)Sa产生凹槽V，或是即使形成有凹槽V也能减小凹槽V的深度。藉此，能够减少用于使接合后的金属板的表面Sa变得平滑的精加工处理的耗时。As shown in Embodiment 2, when rotating to the left, a biaxial shoulder tool 5A having a left thread on the upper helical groove 13a and a right thread on the lower helical groove 13b is used. When the twin-shaft shoulder tool 5A is rotated to the left, since the winding direction of the thread of the twin-shaft shoulder tool 5 in Embodiment 1 is different from that of the first embodiment, the result will be different from that of the example. 3 have the same effect. That is to say, as shown in Condition G to Condition J, the fluidized metal due to friction stirring is guided by the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread of the pin 13, moves toward the first shoulder portion 11 side, and is drawn by the pin. After being guided by the upper helical groove 13b of the right-hand thread of 13, it moves toward the second shoulder portion 12 side. Since the left thread is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, due to the metal movement caused by the spiral groove of the left thread, the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5A is pressed toward the sliding shaft 4 side (upper side), thereby preventing biaxial The shoulder tool 5A penetrates too deeply into the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the metal plate. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the groove V from being generated on the surface (decorative surface) Sa, or to reduce the depth of the groove V even if the groove V is formed. Thereby, time consumption of the finishing process for smoothing the surface Sa of the metal plate after joining can be reduced.
另外，例如像条件J这样，在以100％的比例刻设朝左旋转的左螺纹时，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5相对于板状端部102朝上方移动，而使第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置位于板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa的上方，在第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置与板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa之间的间隙较大的情况下，金属的按压便会不够充分，但是在第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置与板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa之间的间隙微小的情况下，就能充分地对金属进行按压。In addition, for example, like condition J, when engraving a left-handed thread that rotates to the left at a ratio of 100%, the biaxial shoulder tool 5 moves upward relative to the plate-shaped end portion 102, and the first shoulder The height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 is located above the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 before friction stirring, and the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 is the same as the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 before friction stirring. If the gap between them is large, the pressing of the metal will not be sufficient, but the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 before friction stirring is small. Under the circumstances, the metal can be fully pressed.
在第一轴肩部11的下表面的高度位置与板状端部102在摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa之间的间隙微小的情况下，塑性化区域W仅比摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa突出些许。但是，将板状端部102的表面Sa变得平滑的处理由于只需要与摩擦搅拌前的表面Sa的高度对齐并将突出的部分切削即可，因此，精加工处理变得容易。When the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder portion 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 before friction stirring is small, the plasticized region W protrudes only slightly from the surface Sa before friction stirring. However, the process of smoothing the surface Sa of the plate-shaped end portion 102 is only required to align with the height of the surface Sa before friction stirring and cut off the protruding part, so the finishing process becomes easy.
在上述实施方式2中，上部螺旋槽13a和下部螺旋槽13b相对于轴肩部间的距离Z以50：50的比例形成，但在将装饰面设为表面Sa，且使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝左旋转的情况下，较为理想的是，第一轴肩部11侧的左螺纹的上部螺旋槽13a和第二轴肩部12侧的右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b相对于轴肩部间的距离Z以25：75～100：0的比例形成。也就是说，也可以将左螺纹上部螺旋槽13a形成为在第一轴肩部11侧，相对于轴肩部间的距离Z形成为25％以上的部分，而使上部螺旋槽13a以外的部分全部作为右螺纹的下部螺旋槽13b。在使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝左旋转的情况下，也可以不设置右螺纹，在销13的轴向的整个全长设置左螺纹。In Embodiment 2 above, the distance Z between the upper helical groove 13a and the lower helical groove 13b with respect to the shoulders is formed at a ratio of 50:50. When the head tool 5 is rotated to the left, it is desirable that the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread on the first shoulder 11 side and the lower helical groove 13b of the right thread on the second shoulder 12 side are relative to the shaft. The distance Z between the shoulders is formed at a ratio of 25:75 to 100:0. That is to say, it is also possible to form the upper helical groove 13a of the left thread on the side of the first shoulder 11 with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders to be 25% or more, and to make the portion other than the upper helical groove 13a All as the lower helical groove 13b of the right thread. When the biaxial shoulder tool 5 is rotated to the left, right-hand threads may not be provided, and left-hand threads may be provided over the entire length of the pin 13 in the axial direction.
另外，虽然将表面Sa侧设定为装饰面，但也可以将背面S侧设定为装饰面。在这种情况下，参照图40，通过将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5的旋转方向、螺旋槽的卷绕方向按条件F、G、H、I设定，藉此，能防止在背面Sb(装饰面)侧产生凹槽V，或是即使形成有凹槽V也能减小凹槽V的深度。In addition, although the front surface Sa side is set as the decorative surface, the rear surface S side may be set as the decorative surface. In this case, referring to FIG. 40, by setting the rotation direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5 and the winding direction of the helical groove according to the conditions F, G, H, and I, it is possible to prevent the The groove V is generated on the Sb (decorative surface) side, or the depth of the groove V can be reduced even if the groove V is formed.
也就是说，在使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5朝左旋转并将背面Sb侧设定为装饰面的情况下，较为理想的是，包括：对接工序，在该对接工序中，使金属板的端面彼此对接；以及接合工序，在该接合工序中，在使第二轴肩部12与金属板的装饰面相对，且将销13的轴向中心与金属板的板厚方向中心对准后，使朝左旋转的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A的销13移动到对接部N，来进行摩擦搅拌接合，将轴肩部间的距离Z设定为金属板的板厚以下，且在销13的外周面的第二轴肩部12侧形成右螺纹的螺旋槽，并使上述右螺纹的螺旋槽相对于轴肩部间的距离Z以25％以上的比例形成。That is, in the case of rotating the biaxial shoulder tool 5 to the left and setting the back surface Sb side as the decorative surface, it is desirable to include a butt joint process in which the metal the end faces of the plates are butted against each other; and a joining process, in which the second shoulder portion 12 is opposed to the decorative surface of the metal plate, and the axial center of the pin 13 is aligned with the thickness direction center of the metal plate Then, the pin 13 of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 5A rotating counterclockwise is moved to the butt joint N to perform friction stir welding, and the distance Z between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, and A right-hand helical groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pin 13 on the second shoulder 12 side, and the right-hand helical groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders.
根据以上的接合方法，第二轴肩部12侧的右螺纹以25％以上的比例形成，因此，因由右螺纹的螺旋槽引起的金属移动，使得双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A被朝与滑动轴4的相反侧(下方)按压，从而能够防止双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5A过深地进入金属板的背面(装饰面)Sb。藉此，能够防止在背面(装饰面)产生凹槽，或是即使形成凹槽也能减小凹槽的深度。According to the above joining method, the right-hand thread on the side of the second shoulder 12 is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, and therefore, due to the metal movement caused by the helical groove of the right-hand thread, the biaxial shoulder tool 5A is moved toward and The opposite side (lower side) of the slide shaft 4 is pressed to prevent the biaxial shoulder pad tool 5A from entering the back surface (decorative surface) Sb of the metal plate too deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent grooves from being formed on the rear surface (decorative surface), or to reduce the depth of grooves even if grooves are formed.
<实施例4><Example 4>
接着，对本发明的实施例4进行说明。图41是表示实施例4的卡合形态或对接形态的主视图，其中，图41(a)表示类型I，图41(b)表示类型II，图41(c)表示类型III。在实施例4中，准备三种待试验体，仅对类型I、类型II及类型III的部分分别进行摩擦搅拌接合，并对接合后各自的角变形进行调查。Next, Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described. Fig. 41 is a front view showing the engagement form or the docking form of Embodiment 4, wherein Fig. 41(a) shows Type I, Fig. 41(b) shows Type II, and Fig. 41(c) shows Type III. In Example 4, three kinds of test objects were prepared, friction stir welding was performed on only Type I, Type II, and Type III parts, and the respective angular deformations after joining were investigated.
类型I～III是由铝合金6N01－T5材料构成的双层面板201A、201B，参照图12及图41，设定成使外板厚壁部(第一外板厚壁部211、第二外板厚壁部221)的板厚a＝3mm、覆盖部(覆盖部213、223、232、242)的厚度b＝0.5mm、从支承板204到第一端面33的长度c及从支承板204到第二端面43的长度c＝15mm、从外板202的上表面到内板203的下表面的长度d＝30mm、左右宽度尺寸e＝200mm、延长尺寸为5000mm。Types I to III are double-layer panels 201A and 201B made of aluminum alloy 6N01-T5 materials. Referring to Fig. Plate thickness a = 3 mm for the plate thickness wall portion 221), thickness b = 0.5 mm for the covering portion (covering portions 213, 223, 232, 242), length c from the support plate 204 to the first end surface 33, and length c from the support plate 204 The length c to the second end surface 43 is 15 mm, the length d from the upper surface of the outer plate 202 to the lower surface of the inner plate 203 is 30 mm, the left and right width e is 200 mm, and the extended dimension is 5000 mm.
参照图15，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265设定成使第一轴肩部252的下端面252c的直径X2＝10mm、第二轴肩部253的上端面253c的直径Y2＝10mm、第二轴肩部253的外径Y1＝15mm、销254的外径U＝6mm。从第一轴肩部252到第二轴肩部253的长度(销254的长度)设定为2.9mm。形成于第一轴肩部252的下端面252c的凹陷部(未图示)的形状从俯视观察呈涡旋状，凹陷部的深度设定为0.3mm，凹陷部的间距设定为1.2mm。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265设定成朝右旋转，类型I～III均从图41(a)～图41(c)的纸面外侧朝背面侧移动。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的转速设定为2000rpm，移动速度设定为1000mm/min。With reference to Fig. 15, the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 265 is set to make the diameter X2=10mm of the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder portion 252=10mm, the diameter Y2=10mm of the upper end surface 253c of the second shoulder portion 253, the second The outer diameter Y1 of the two shaft shoulders 253 = 15 mm, and the outer diameter U of the pin 254 = 6 mm. The length from the first shoulder portion 252 to the second shoulder portion 253 (the length of the pin 254 ) was set to 2.9 mm. The shape of the depression (not shown) formed on the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder portion 252 is a spiral shape in plan view, the depth of the depression is set to 0.3mm, and the pitch of the depression is set to 1.2mm. The biaxial shoulder tool 265 is set to rotate to the right, and the types I to III all move from the outer side of the paper surface to the back side of Fig. 41(a) to Fig. 41(c). The rotational speed of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 265 was set at 2000 rpm, and the moving speed was set at 1000 mm/min.
在类型I中，如图41(a)所示，在双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的行进方向的左侧配置双层面板201A，在右侧配置双层面板201B，并使第一钩部212A与第二钩部222B卡合。In Type I, as shown in Figure 41 (a), a double-layer panel 201A is arranged on the left side of the direction of travel of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 265, and a double-layer panel 201B is arranged on the right side, and the first hook The portion 212A is engaged with the second hook portion 222B.
在类型II中，如图41(b)所示，在双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的行进方向的右侧配置双层面板201A，在左侧配置双层面板201B，并使第一钩部212A与第二钩部222B卡合。In type II, as shown in Figure 41 (b), the double-layer panel 201A is arranged on the right side of the advancing direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 265, and the double-layer panel 201B is arranged on the left side, and the first hook The portion 212A is engaged with the second hook portion 222B.
在类型III中，如图41(c)所示，在双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的行进方向的左侧配置双层面板201A，在右侧配置双层面板201B，并使第一端面233A与第二端面243B对接。In type III, as shown in Figure 41 (c), the double-layer panel 201A is arranged on the left side of the advancing direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 265, and the double-layer panel 201B is arranged on the right side, and the first end surface 233A is in contact with the second end surface 243B.
图42是表示类型I的角变形结果的图。图43是表示类型II的角变形结果的图。图44是表示类型III的角变形结果的图。横轴表示被接合的各待试验体距左侧端的在宽度方向上的长度。宽度方向＝200mm是表示中心线C的位置。纵轴表示各待试验体的距任意的基准点的、接合后高度。对各待试验体的距前端朝延伸方向的距离为50mm、200mm、400mm、600mm、800mm、950mm的各处的高度进行计算。FIG. 42 is a graph showing the results of Type I angular deformation. Fig. 43 is a graph showing the results of angular deformation of Type II. Fig. 44 is a graph showing the results of angular deformation of Type III. The horizontal axis represents the length in the width direction of each joined test object from the left end. Width direction = 200 mm indicates the position of the centerline C. The vertical axis represents the post-bonding height of each test object from an arbitrary reference point. The heights of each of the test bodies at distances of 50 mm, 200 mm, 400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm, and 950 mm from the front end in the extending direction were calculated.
如图42、43所示，在类型I、类型II中，在宽度方向＝180mm的位置处的高度最高，在宽度方向＝210mm的位置处的高度最低。也就是说，接合部分形成小小的凹入形状。此外，在宽度方向＝180mm～210mm的位置处的高低差上，类型II比类型I大。此外，在从宽度方向＝210mm的位置到待试验体的右端的高低差上，类型II也比类型I大。也就是说，可以知道类型II的角变形在整体上比类型I的角变形大。As shown in FIGS. 42 and 43 , in type I and type II, the height at the position of width direction = 180 mm is the highest, and the height at the position of width direction = 210 mm is the lowest. That is, the engaging portion forms a small concave shape. In addition, type II is larger than type I in the height difference at the position of width direction=180mm-210mm. In addition, Type II was larger than Type I in the height difference from the position of width direction = 210 mm to the right end of the test object. That is, it can be known that the angular deformation of type II is larger than that of type I as a whole.
可以认为这是由于如图41(a)及图41(b)所示，双层面板201A、201B受到双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265的力方向和双层面板201A、201B的卡合形态的不同所引起的。可以想到在使本实施方式的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265(销254的螺旋槽255为左螺纹)朝右旋转，而从图41的纸面外侧往背面侧移动时，作用有应力F1。It can be considered that this is because, as shown in Figure 41(a) and Figure 41(b), the double-layer panels 201A, 201B are subjected to the force direction of the biaxial shoulder stirring head tool 265 and the engagement form of the double-layer panels 201A, 201B. caused by the difference. It is conceivable that when the biaxial shoulder tool 265 of this embodiment (the spiral groove 255 of the pin 254 is a left-hand thread) is rotated clockwise and moved from the outside to the back side of the paper in FIG. 41 , the stress F1 acts. .
因此，若是图41(b)所示的类型II，则由于卡合部M的倾斜面Ma的倾斜方向与应力F1的作用方向大致平行，且应力F1相对于中心线C的输入位置与倾斜面Ma位于同一侧，因此，双层面板201B容易朝右斜下方移动，从而使接合中双层面板201A、201B分开的可能性提高。Therefore, if it is Type II shown in FIG. 41(b), since the inclination direction of the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M is approximately parallel to the acting direction of the stress F1, and the input position of the stress F1 with respect to the centerline C is the same as that on the inclined surface Since Ma is located on the same side, the two-layer panel 201B tends to move obliquely downward to the right, and the possibility of separating the two-layer panels 201A and 201B during joining increases.
另一方面，若是图41(a)所示的类型I，则由于卡合部M的倾斜面Ma的倾斜方向与应力F1的作用方向相交，且应力F1相对于中心线C的输入位置与倾斜面Ma位于相反侧，因此，能够有效地防止接合中双层面板201A、201B分开。On the other hand, in the case of type I shown in FIG. 41(a), since the inclination direction of the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M intersects with the acting direction of the stress F1, and the input position and inclination of the stress F1 relative to the centerline C Since the surface Ma is located on the opposite side, separation of the two-layer panels 201A and 201B during bonding can be effectively prevented.
另外，如图44所示，在类型III中，在宽度方向为180mm的位置处与在宽度方向为210mm的位置处的高度大致相同。也就是说，与左右端相比，接合部分最高，从正面观察呈山型。此外，类型III的高低差也比类型I、II的高低差大。假设配置多块(例如五块)双层面板，并像类型III这样从对接部N侧开始摩擦搅拌接合，则可以认为接合后的双层面板整体的角变形量会增大。因此，从接合强度的观点来看，无论先对卡合部M和对接部N中的哪一个进行接合均没有问题，但若考虑角变形量的话，较为理想的是，先从卡合部M侧进行摩擦搅拌接合。In addition, as shown in FIG. 44 , in type III, the height at a position of 180 mm in the width direction is substantially the same as that at a position of 210 mm in the width direction. That is, the joining portion is the highest compared to the left and right ends, and it is mountain-shaped when viewed from the front. In addition, the height difference of Type III is also larger than that of Type I and II. Assuming that a plurality of (for example, five) double-layer panels are arranged, and the friction stir welding is started from the N side of the butt joint like Type III, it can be considered that the amount of angular deformation of the entire joined double-layer panels will increase. Therefore, from the viewpoint of joint strength, there is no problem regardless of which of the engaging portion M and the butt portion N is joined first. side by friction stir welding.
图45是将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转方向、螺旋槽的卷绕方向、卡合形态汇总后的表。在图45中，示出了四种类型的优选条件1～4。如条件1(与本实施方式同)所示，在使螺旋槽为左螺纹的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265朝右旋转，并从图45的纸面外侧朝背面侧移动的情况下，卡合形态优选选择类型I。Fig. 45 is a table summarizing the rotation direction of the biaxial shoulder pad tool, the winding direction of the spiral groove, and the engagement form. In FIG. 45 , four types of preferred conditions 1 to 4 are shown. As shown in Condition 1 (same as the present embodiment), when the double-shaft shoulder tool 265 having a left-hand screw thread in the spiral groove is rotated to the right and moved from the outside of the paper surface of FIG. 45 to the back side, Type I is preferably selected as the snap-fit form.
也就是说，在条件1中，由于使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265朝右旋转，因此，作用有相对于中心线C从左侧朝右侧的方向的分力，并且塑性化流动后的金属会被螺旋槽引导，而从上朝下移动。因此，在条件1中，如卡合形态所示这样作用有应力F1。因而，在类型I中，通过以与应力F1相对的方式设置第二钩部212B及卡合部M的倾斜面Ma，从而能防止接合中双层面板201A、201B分开。That is, in condition 1, since the biaxial shoulder tool 265 is rotated to the right, a component force acts from the left side to the right side with respect to the center line C, and after the plasticizing flow The metal will be guided by the spiral groove and move from top to bottom. Therefore, in Condition 1, stress F1 acts as shown in the engagement form. Therefore, in Type I, by providing the second hook portion 212B and the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M so as to face the stress F1, it is possible to prevent the two-layer panels 201A, 201B from being separated during joining.
此外，如条件2所示，在使螺旋槽为右螺纹的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265朝左旋转，并从图45的纸面外侧朝背面侧移动的情况下，卡合形态优选选择类型II。In addition, as shown in Condition 2, in the case of rotating the dual-shaft shoulder tool 265 with a right-hand thread in the spiral groove to the left and moving from the outside to the back side of the paper in FIG. 45 , the engagement form is preferably selected. Type II.
也就是说，在条件2中，由于使双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265朝左旋转，因此，作用有相对于中心线C从右侧朝左侧的方向的分力，并且塑性化流动后的金属会被螺旋槽引导，而从上朝下移动。因此，在条件2中，如卡合形态所示这样作用有应力F2。因而，在类型II中，通过以与应力F2相对的方式设置第二钩部212B及卡合部M的倾斜面Ma，从而能防止接合中双层面板201A、201B分开。That is, in condition 2, since the biaxial shoulder tool 265 is rotated to the left, a component force acts from the right side to the left side with respect to the center line C, and after the plasticizing flow The metal will be guided by the spiral groove and move from top to bottom. Therefore, in Condition 2, stress F2 acts as shown in the engagement form. Therefore, in Type II, by providing the second hook portion 212B and the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M so as to face the stress F2, it is possible to prevent the two-layer panels 201A, 201B from being separated during joining.
同样地，如条件3所示，在使螺旋槽为右螺纹的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265朝右旋转，并从图53的纸面外侧朝背面侧移动的情况下，卡合形态优选选择类型IV。Similarly, as shown in condition 3, when the double-shaft shoulder stirring head tool 265 having a right-hand thread with a spiral groove is rotated to the right and moves from the outside of the paper surface of FIG. 53 to the back side, the engagement form is preferable. Choose Type IV.
同样地，如条件4所示，在使螺旋槽为左螺纹的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具265朝左旋转，并从图53的纸面外侧朝背面侧移动的情况下，卡合形态优选选择类型V。Similarly, as shown in Condition 4, when the double-shaft shoulder stirring head tool 265 whose spiral groove is left-hand thread is rotated to the left and moved from the outside to the back side of the paper of FIG. 53 , the engagement form is preferable. Choose type V.
即使在条件3、条件4的情况下，通过以与应力F3、F4相对的方式设置卡合面M的倾斜面Ma’及第二钩部212B’，从而能防止接合中双层面板201A’、201B’分开。Even in the case of condition 3 and condition 4, by providing the inclined surface Ma' of the engaging surface M and the second hook portion 212B' facing the stresses F3 and F4, it is possible to prevent the two-layer panels 201A', 201B' apart.
此外，在条件1、条件2中，较为理想的是，在第一轴肩部252侧设置覆盖部，在条件3、4中，较为理想的是，在第二轴肩部253侧设置覆盖部。藉此，能够将金属补充到因摩擦搅拌而使金属不足的一侧，因此，能够补充金属不足。In addition, in Condition 1 and Condition 2, it is more desirable to provide a covering portion on the first shoulder portion 252 side, and in Conditions 3 and 4, it is more desirable to provide a covering portion on the second shoulder portion 253 side. . Thereby, the metal can be replenished to the side where the metal is deficient due to the friction stirring, so that the metal deficiency can be replenished.
<实施例5><Example 5>
在实施例5，使用五块与实施例4不同尺寸的双层面板来进行摩擦搅拌接合。若参照图12，实施例5的双层面板设定成使外部厚壁部的板厚a＝4.0mm、覆盖部的厚度b＝0.5mm、左右宽度尺寸e＝400mm、延长尺寸为12500mm。In Example 5, five double-layer panels of different sizes from Example 4 were used for friction stir welding. Referring to Fig. 12, the double-layer panel of Example 5 is set such that the thickness of the outer thick wall part a = 4.0 mm, the thickness of the covering part b = 0.5 mm, the left and right width e = 400 mm, and the extension dimension is 12500 mm.
若参照图15，双轴肩部搅拌头型工具设定成使第一轴肩部252的下端面252c的直径X2＝15mm、第二轴肩部253的外径Y1＝18mm、第二轴肩部253的上端面253c的直径Y2＝15mm、销254的外径U＝9mm。从第一轴肩部252到第二轴肩部253的长度(销254的长度)设定为3.7mm。此外，将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的旋转速度设定为1000rpm。此外，将双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的移动速度设定成在卡合部M侧为1000mm/min、在对接部N侧为1500mm/min。If referring to Fig. 15, the biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool is set to make the diameter X2 of the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252=15mm, the outer diameter Y1 of the second shoulder 253=18mm, the second shoulder The diameter Y2 of the upper end surface 253c of the portion 253 is 15 mm, and the outer diameter U of the pin 254 is 9 mm. The length from the first shoulder portion 252 to the second shoulder portion 253 (the length of the pin 254 ) was set to 3.7 mm. In addition, the rotational speed of the biaxial shoulder tool was set at 1000 rpm. In addition, the moving speed of the biaxial shoulder tool was set to 1000 mm/min on the engaging part M side and 1500 mm/min on the abutting part N side.
在实施例5中，将一方的双层面板放置在桌面，将另一方的双层面板从上方放下，来进行卡合及对接。通过相同的作业将五块双层面板无间隙地卡合后，固定组装体使其不能自由移动。并使用以1.5m间隔配置在延长方向上的横向压钳来进行按压，以使组装体不会浮动。此外，将组装体的四个角落简单地夹住。接着，从一端开始依次进行摩擦搅拌接合。In Example 5, one double-layer panel was placed on the table, and the other double-layer panel was lowered from above to perform engagement and docking. After engaging the five double-layer panels without gaps by the same operation, the assembly was fixed so that it could not move freely. Pressing is performed using horizontal press pincers arranged at intervals of 1.5 m in the extending direction so that the assembly does not float. Also, simply clamp the four corners of the assembly. Next, friction stir welding is performed sequentially from one end.
即使在实施例5的条件下，也能制造出没有接合不良的表面件。在此，一般来说，在对金属构件进行摩擦搅拌接合时，有时会因热收缩而使接合后的金属构件发生翘曲。假设在金属构件的表面、背面进行摩擦搅拌接合的情况下，在以相同条件的旋转工具的旋转速度、移动速度及移动长度，对金属构件的表面进行摩擦搅拌接合后，对背面侧进行摩擦搅拌接合，则金属构件的背面侧可能翘曲成凹状。Even under the conditions of Example 5, it was possible to manufacture a surface material free from poor bonding. Here, in general, when friction stir welding is performed on metal members, the metal members after joining may warp due to heat shrinkage. Assuming that friction stir welding is performed on the front and back sides of a metal member, friction stir welding is performed on the back side of the metal member after performing friction stir welding on the surface of the metal member under the same conditions at the rotational speed, moving speed, and moving length of the rotary tool. If joined, the back side of the metal member may be warped into a concave shape.
这是由于在对表面侧进行摩擦搅拌接合后，因热收缩会使金属构件在表面侧形成凹状，因此，将金属构件翻过来放在平坦的桌面时，就可使桌面与金属构件之间的间隙变大。在这种状态下，若对背面侧进行摩擦搅拌接合，则由摩擦搅拌产生的热便不容易散逸至桌面，因此，使金属构件上残留的热量增大。其结果是，由于残留于金属构件的热的共同作用，使得背面侧大幅地翘曲成凹状。This is because after friction stir welding is performed on the surface side, the metal member will be concaved on the surface side due to heat shrinkage. Therefore, when the metal member is turned upside down and placed on a flat table top, the gap between the table top and the metal member can be made The gap becomes larger. In this state, if the friction stir welding is performed on the back side, the heat generated by the friction stirring will not be easily dissipated to the table top, so the heat remaining on the metal member will increase. As a result, the back side is largely warped into a concave shape due to the cooperation of heat remaining in the metal member.
因此，只要像实施例5这样，将对接部N侧的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具移动速速度设定成比卡合部M的双轴肩部搅拌头型工具移动速速度快，就能防止接合时进入对接部的热量。藉此，能够防止接合后的双层面板翘曲。Therefore, as long as the moving speed of the biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool on the N side of the butt joint is set to be faster than the moving speed of the biaxial shoulder stirring head type tool at the engaging portion M as in Example 5, the Prevents heat from entering the mating portion when joining. Thereby, warping of the two-layer panel after joining can be prevented.
<实施例6><Example 6>
在实施例6中，为了对板状端部的板厚与长度间的关系进行调查而进行了试验。如图46(a)所示，将两块截面呈コ字状的相同形状的待试验体301、301对接，并对对接部N进行摩擦搅拌接合。各待试验体301包括支承构件302、从支承构件垂直地延伸设置的板状端部303。In Example 6, a test was conducted to investigate the relationship between the plate thickness and the length of the plate-shaped end portion. As shown in FIG. 46( a ), two pieces of test objects 301 and 301 of the same shape having a U-shaped cross section are butted together, and friction stir welding is performed on the butted part N. Each object to be tested 301 includes a support member 302 and a plate-shaped end portion 303 vertically extending from the support member.
待试验体301的高度设定为30mm，延长尺寸设定为500mm。如图46(a)、图46(b)所示，将板状端部303的板厚a及从支承构件302到板状端部303的前端的长度c作为参数，在各条件下进行摩擦搅拌接合。在图46(b)中，将实施例6的各条件和接合质量汇总成表。双轴肩部搅拌头型工具的尺寸如图46(b)的表所示。The height of the test object 301 is set to 30 mm, and the extension dimension is set to 500 mm. As shown in Fig. 46(a) and Fig. 46(b), the thickness a of the plate-shaped end portion 303 and the length c from the support member 302 to the tip of the plate-shaped end portion 303 are used as parameters, and friction is performed under various conditions. Stir to combine. In FIG. 46( b ), each condition and bonding quality of Example 6 are summarized in a table. Dimensions of the dual-shaft shoulder stirrer tool are shown in the table in Fig. 46(b).
如图46(b)所示，在板厚a＝3mm、从支承构件402到板状端部403的前端的长度c＝50mm时，会产生接合不良。此外，在板厚a＝6mm的情况下，当长度c＝70mm、80mm会产生接合不良。在板厚a＝12mm的情况下，当长度c＝120mm时会产生接合不良。也就是说，若板状端部303的长度相对于支承构件302过长，则板状端部303的前端侧容易变形，因此容易导致接合不良。As shown in FIG. 46( b ), when the plate thickness a=3mm and the length c=50mm from the support member 402 to the tip of the plate-shaped end portion 403, joint failure occurs. In addition, in the case of plate thickness a = 6mm, when the length c = 70mm, 80mm, joint failure occurs. In the case of plate thickness a = 12 mm, joint failure occurs when length c = 120 mm. That is, if the length of the plate-shaped end portion 303 is too long with respect to the supporting member 302 , the front end side of the plate-shaped end portion 303 is likely to be deformed, which easily causes joint failure.
图47是表示实施例6的相关关系的图。图47的横轴表示板厚a，纵轴表示从支承构件302到板状端部303的前端的长度c。从该图可知，较为理想的是，将从支承构件到前端的长度c设定成满足c≤7.0×板厚a+18.5mm的条件。只要在这种条件下，就能够抑制板状端部303的变形，因此，不容易产生接合不良。FIG. 47 is a diagram showing correlations in Embodiment 6. FIG. 47 represents the plate thickness a, and the vertical axis represents the length c from the support member 302 to the tip of the plate-shaped end portion 303 . As can be seen from the figure, it is desirable to set the length c from the support member to the tip so as to satisfy the condition of c≦7.0×plate thickness a+18.5 mm. Under such conditions, the deformation of the plate-shaped end portion 303 can be suppressed, and thus joint failure is less likely to occur.
(符号说明)(Symbol Description)
1摩擦搅拌装置1 friction stir device
1a夹头部1a chuck head
2旋转工具单元2 rotary tool units
3保持件3 holders
4滑动轴4 slide shafts
5双轴肩部搅拌头型工具5 Dual Shaft Shoulder Stirring Head Tools
6滑动元件6 sliding elements
11第一轴肩部11 First shaft shoulder
12第二轴肩部12Second shaft shoulder
13销13 pins
13a上部螺旋槽13a upper spiral groove
13b下部螺旋槽13b lower spiral groove
100A中空型材100A hollow profile
100B中空型材100B hollow profile
N对接部N docking part
T金属板的厚度Thickness of T sheet metal
W塑性化区域(接合部)W plasticized area (junction)
X轴肩部的外径The outer diameter of the X-axis shoulder
Y销的外径Outer diameter of Y pin
Z轴肩部间的距离(销的长度)Distance between Z-axis shoulders (pin length)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410138108.7ACN103894727B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stirring connecting method |
| CN201410138461.5ACN104002037B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stir welding method |
| CN201410138185.2ACN103934565B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | The friction stirring connecting method of double face slab |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011008547 | 2011-01-19 | ||
| JP2011-008547 | 2011-01-19 | ||
| JP2011094284 | 2011-04-20 | ||
| JP2011-094284 | 2011-04-20 | ||
| JP2011-094283 | 2011-04-20 | ||
| JP2011094283 | 2011-04-20 | ||
| JP2011137620 | 2011-06-21 | ||
| JP2011-137620 | 2011-06-21 | ||
| PCT/JP2011/080081WO2012098810A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Rotary tool unit, friction stir welding method, double-skin panel assembly, and friction stir welding method for double-skin panel assembly |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410138108.7ADivisionCN103894727B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stirring connecting method |
| CN201410138185.2ADivisionCN103934565B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | The friction stirring connecting method of double face slab |
| CN201410138461.5ADivisionCN104002037B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stir welding method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103459081A CN103459081A (en) | 2013-12-18 |
| CN103459081Btrue CN103459081B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180065081.8AActiveCN103459081B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Rotary tool unit, friction stir welding method, assembly of double-layer panels, and friction stir welding method of double-layer panels |
| CN201410138185.2AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103934565B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | The friction stirring connecting method of double face slab |
| CN201410138108.7AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103894727B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stirring connecting method |
| CN201410138461.5AActiveCN104002037B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stir welding method |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410138185.2AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103934565B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | The friction stirring connecting method of double face slab |
| CN201410138108.7AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103894727B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stirring connecting method |
| CN201410138461.5AActiveCN104002037B (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-12-26 | Friction stir welding method |
| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP5559214B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101471320B1 (en) |
| CN (4) | CN103459081B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI494185B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012098810A1 (en) |
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