CN103457325A - Direct-type lithium ion battery lossless equilibration circuit and equilibration control method - Google Patents
Direct-type lithium ion battery lossless equilibration circuit and equilibration control methodDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于电动汽车或大功率储能电站电池管理系统技术领域，涉及一种直接式锂离子电池均衡电路及均衡控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management systems for electric vehicles or high-power energy storage power stations, and relates to a direct lithium-ion battery equalization circuit and an equalization control method.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车或大功率储能系统由大量电池模块串联组成，由于锂离子电池单体性能上存在不一致性，在电池组充放电时，会出现单体电压的不一致性。在电池组充电或放电的过程中，只要有一个电池单体达到电池的充放电电压极限，整个电池组就要停止充放电，否则该单体就会被过充或过放，严重影响电池寿命，这种现象严重制约了电池的充放电能力。Electric vehicles or high-power energy storage systems are composed of a large number of battery modules in series. Due to the inconsistency in the performance of lithium-ion battery cells, there will be inconsistencies in the cell voltage when the battery pack is charging and discharging. During the charging or discharging process of the battery pack, as long as one battery cell reaches the charging and discharging voltage limit of the battery, the entire battery pack must stop charging and discharging, otherwise the single cell will be overcharged or overdischarged, seriously affecting the battery life , this phenomenon seriously restricts the charging and discharging ability of the battery.
目前的均衡方式分两种。一种是有损均衡，又称为被动均衡，通常采用与电池单体并联电阻的方法，旁路掉多余的电能。有损均衡方式将电能转化成了热量，效率低下的同时，转化成的热量又给电池组的热管理带来较大的负担。另一种是无损均衡，又称为主动均衡，通常采用电容或电感的方法进行能量转移。也有用变压器进行底端或顶端均衡的做法，将电压高的单体能量放出后，给整个电池模块进行充电，效率和均衡效果普遍不高，且控制开关结构设计复杂，系统可靠性不高。There are currently two types of equilibrium. One is lossy equalization, also known as passive equalization, which usually uses a method of connecting a resistor in parallel with the battery cell to bypass excess electric energy. The lossy balance method converts electric energy into heat, which is inefficient and at the same time, the converted heat brings a greater burden to the thermal management of the battery pack. The other is lossless equalization, also known as active equalization, which usually uses capacitance or inductance for energy transfer. It is also possible to use a transformer for bottom or top equalization. After releasing the energy of a high-voltage monomer, it charges the entire battery module. The efficiency and equalization effect are generally not high, and the control switch structure design is complicated, and the system reliability is not high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的直接式锂离子电池无损均衡电路及均衡控制方法，以克服现有均衡方法的缺点。The object of the present invention is to provide a novel direct lithium-ion battery non-destructive equalization circuit and equalization control method to overcome the shortcomings of the existing equalization method.
为实现以上目的，本发明技术方案如下：To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种直接式锂离子电池无损均衡电路，其中该电路包括锂离子电池组、均衡开关控制单元、变压器均衡单元及均衡开关控制电路，锂离子电池组包含一个以上的电池单体，锂离子电池组通过均衡开关控制单元所控制的变压器均衡单元控制能量在电池单体之间流动，完成均衡功能。A direct lithium-ion battery lossless equalization circuit, wherein the circuit includes a lithium-ion battery pack, an equalization switch control unit, a transformer equalization unit and an equalization switch control circuit, the lithium-ion battery pack includes more than one battery cell, and the lithium-ion battery pack The transformer balancing unit controlled by the balancing switch control unit controls the energy flow between the battery cells to complete the balancing function.
每一个电池单体对应一个均衡开关控制单元及一个变压器均衡单元。Each battery cell corresponds to a balance switch control unit and a transformer balance unit.
每一个均衡开关控制单元包括两个均衡控制开关，该两个均衡控制开关与其对应的电池单体分别相连，用以控制该电池单体的充电和放电。Each balance switch control unit includes two balance control switches, and the two balance control switches are respectively connected to the corresponding battery cells to control the charging and discharging of the battery cells.
每一个变压器均衡单元包括两个均衡绕组变压器,该两个均衡绕组变压器线圈绕线方向相反，且该两个均衡绕组变压器分别与对应的均衡开关控制单元的两个均衡控制开关相连。Each transformer balancing unit includes two balancing winding transformers, the coils of the two balancing winding transformers have opposite winding directions, and the two balancing winding transformers are respectively connected to the two balancing control switches of the corresponding balancing switch control unit.
均衡开关控制单元由N沟道MOS场效应管和场效应管保护电路组成，场效应管通过低边驱动，是整个均衡动作的执行机构。The balance switch control unit is composed of an N-channel MOS field effect transistor and a field effect transistor protection circuit. The field effect transistor is driven by the low side and is the executive mechanism of the entire equalization action.
均衡开关控制电路由微处理器和开关驱动回路组成，可以产生控制开关场效应管的低边驱动脉冲信号，其控制逻辑集成在微处理器中。The balanced switch control circuit is composed of a microprocessor and a switch drive circuit, which can generate a low-side drive pulse signal to control the switch field effect transistor, and its control logic is integrated in the microprocessor.
本发明同时提供了一种采用了上述的直接式锂离子电池无损均衡电路的均衡控制方法，如下：The present invention simultaneously provides a kind of equalization control method that adopts the above-mentioned direct type lithium-ion battery lossless equalization circuit, as follows:
用微处理器和电压检测电路实时采集锂离子电池组中各电池单体的电压，并计算电池组中的最高电池单体电压和最低电池单体电压；Use the microprocessor and voltage detection circuit to collect the voltage of each battery cell in the lithium-ion battery pack in real time, and calculate the highest battery cell voltage and the lowest battery cell voltage in the battery pack;
用微处理器控制电压最高的电池单体的放电开关导通，将电能放到均衡绕组变压器中；然后该电池单体放电开关断开，电压最低的电池单体的充电控制开关导通，均衡绕组变压器中的能量被补充到该电池单体中，完成一个充放电过程；Use the microprocessor to control the discharge switch of the battery cell with the highest voltage to turn on, and put the electric energy into the balance winding transformer; then the discharge switch of the battery cell is turned off, and the charge control switch of the battery cell with the lowest voltage is turned on, and the balance The energy in the winding transformer is supplemented into the battery cell to complete a charging and discharging process;
用微处理器继续检测电池单体电压，如满足均衡条件，重新开启一次均衡过程；如不满足均衡条件，不再进行均衡过程。Use the microprocessor to continue to detect the battery cell voltage. If the balance condition is met, the balance process will be restarted; if the balance condition is not met, the balance process will not be carried out.
上述均衡条件取决于电池特性和系统均衡能力，实际为综合考虑电池和系统因素的电池不均衡条件的限值，该均衡条件的判断过程，还包含一定的延时过程。The above balance conditions depend on the characteristics of the battery and the balance capability of the system. In fact, it is the limit value of the battery unbalance condition that comprehensively considers the battery and system factors. The judgment process of the balance condition also includes a certain delay process.
综上，本发明使电池能量直接由电压高的电池流向电压低的电池，具有均衡效果好，效率高，成本低，控制结构简单的优点。To sum up, the present invention makes the battery energy flow directly from the battery with high voltage to the battery with low voltage, which has the advantages of good balancing effect, high efficiency, low cost and simple control structure.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的整体结构示意框图。Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图2为电压最高的电池单体控制结构示图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control structure of the battery cell with the highest voltage.
图3为电压最高的电池单体对应的均衡控制开关的控制脉冲图及电流波形图。FIG. 3 is a control pulse diagram and a current waveform diagram of the equalization control switch corresponding to the battery cell with the highest voltage.
图4为电压最低的电池单体控制结构示图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control structure of the battery cell with the lowest voltage.
图5为电压最低的电池单体对应的均衡控制开关的控制脉冲图及电流波形图。FIG. 5 is a control pulse diagram and a current waveform diagram of the equalization control switch corresponding to the battery cell with the lowest voltage.
其中，电池单体C1-C6、均衡控制开关S1- S12、均衡绕组变压L1- L12。Among them, battery cells C1- C6 , balance control switches S1- S12 , and balance winding transformers L1- L12 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1是本发明的整体结构示意框图。本发明一种直接式锂离子电池无损均衡电路，包括锂离子电池组C、均衡开关控制单元S、变压器均衡单元L及均衡开关控制电路。Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. The present invention relates to a direct lithium-ion battery lossless equalization circuit, comprising a lithium-ion battery pack C, an equalization switch control unit S, a transformer equalization unit L and an equalization switch control circuit.
锂离子电池组C包含一个以上的电池单体CX（如图1中的C1-C6），锂离子电池组C通过均衡开关控制单元S所控制的变压器均衡单元L控制能量在电池单体CX之间流动，完成均衡功能。The lithium-ion battery pack C contains more than one battery cell CX (C1- C6 in Figure 1), and the lithium-ion battery pack C controls the energy in the battery cell through the transformer balancing unit L controlled by the balancing switch control unit S. The flow between body Cand X completes the balancing function.
每一个电池单体CX对应一个均衡开关控制单元S及一个变压器均衡单元L。Each battery cellCX corresponds to a balancing switch control unit S and a transformer balancing unit L.
每一个均衡开关控制单元S包括两个均衡控制开关SX（如图1中的S1- S12），该两个均衡控制开关SX与其对应的电池单体CX分别相连，用以控制该电池单体CX的充电和放电。Each equalization switch control unit S includes two equalization control switches SX (S1- S12 in Fig. 1), and the two equalization control switches SX are respectively connected with the corresponding battery cells CX to control The charging and discharging of the battery cellCX .
每一个变压器均衡单元L包括两个均衡绕组变压器LX（如图1中的L1- L12）,该两个均衡绕组变压器LX线圈绕线方向相反，且该两个均衡绕组变压器LX分别与对应的均衡开关控制单元S的两个均衡控制开关SX相连。Each transformer balancing unit L includes two balancing winding transformers LX (L1- L12 in Fig. 1), the coil winding directions of the two balancing winding transformers LX are opposite, and the two balancing winding transformers LX They are respectively connected to two equalization control switches SX of the corresponding equalization switch control unit S.
图1中以电池单体C5和C2为例，介绍了能量在均衡绕组变压器LX中的流动过程。如图1，电池单体C5电压最高，电池单体C2单体电压最低，C5的能量通过均衡控制开关S10和S3的控制将能量由电池单体C5传递给了电池单体C2。In Fig. 1, taking the battery cellsC5 andC2 as examples, the flow process of energy in the balance winding transformerLX is introduced. As shown in Figure 1, the battery cellC5 has the highest voltage, and the battery cellC2 has the lowest voltage. The energy ofC5 is transferred from the battery cellC5 to the battery cell through the control of the balance control switchesS10 andS3 . Body C2 .
充放电过程介绍：Introduction to charging and discharging process:
如图2至图5所示，假设锂离子电池组C中，电压最高的电池单体编号为CM，电压最低的电池单体编号为CN，且电压差范围满足电池不均衡条件限值，均衡过程被启动。As shown in Figure 2 to Figure 5, assume that in the lithium-ion battery pack C, the battery cell number with the highest voltage is CM , and the battery cell number with the lowest voltage isCN , and the voltage difference range meets the battery imbalance condition limit , the equalization process is started.
首先，如图2所示，闭合均衡控制开关S2M，控制脉冲如图3上所示，电流从电池单体CM流出，并将电能储存在均衡绕组变压器L2M中，电流波形如图3下所示。First, as shown in Figure 2, close the balance control switch S2M , the control pulse is shown in Figure 3, the current flows from the battery cell CM , and stores the electric energy in the balance winding transformer L2M , the current waveform is shown in Figure 3 shown below.
放电过程结束后，控制脉冲关闭，均衡控制开关S2M断开，断开均衡控制开关S2M的同时，将电压最低的电池单体CN的均衡控制开关S2N-1闭合。均衡控制开关S2M断开瞬间，均衡绕组变压器L2M线圈电流降为零，与均衡绕组变压器L2M绕线方向相反的均衡绕组变压器L2N-1线圈中产生一个较大的反向电动势，该反向电动势将均衡绕组变压器L2N-1线圈中的能量冲回CN中，完成充电，如图4和图5所示。After the discharge process is over, the control pulse is turned off, the balance control switch S2M is turned off, and at the same time the balance control switch S2M is turned off, the balance control switch S2N-1 of the battery cellCN with the lowest voltage is closed. At the moment when the balance control switch S2M is turned off, the coil current of the balance winding transformer L2M drops to zero, and a large reverse electromotive force is generated in the balance winding transformer L2N-1 coil which is opposite to the winding directionof the balance winding transformer L 2M. The reverse electromotive force rushes the energy in the coil of the balanced winding transformer L2N-1 back toCN to complete the charging, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
均衡控制开关S2N-1断开后，完成一个完整的均衡充放电过程。再次检测电池单体电压，如果电池单体电压仍满足电池不均衡条件，继续开启新的均衡过程。After the equalization control switch S2N-1 is turned off, a complete equalization charging and discharging process is completed. Check the battery cell voltage again. If the battery cell voltage still meets the battery unbalanced condition, continue to start a new balancing process.
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| CN116316998A (en)* | 2023-03-27 | 2023-06-23 | 深圳先阳新能源技术有限公司 | Bypass balance control method and system applied to energy storage battery |
| CN119471413A (en)* | 2025-01-16 | 2025-02-18 | 宁波兆科新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery service status monitoring system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN119471413B (en)* | 2025-01-16 | 2025-05-06 | 宁波兆科新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery service status monitoring system based on artificial intelligence |
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| CN103457325B (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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