CN103442080A - Vehicle-mounted communication system based on WAVE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted communication system based on WAVE, which comprises a first external device, a second external device, a WAVE protocol stack, an expansion interface, a roadside unit and an on-chip unit arranged on a vehicle, wherein the first external device, the roadside unit, the WAVE protocol stack, the expansion interface, the on-chip unit and the second external device are sequentially connected, and the roadside unit, the on-chip unit and the WAVE protocol stack are connected into a WAVE standard coverage area. Because the vehicle-mounted communication system adopts WAVE, a safe vehicle ad hoc network with wide coverage range, high quality and multimedia information support is created, and the vehicle-mounted communication system is easier to deploy and lower in cost and better accords with the angle of a business model.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种基于WAVE的车载通信系统A Vehicle Communication System Based on WAVE

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种基于WAVE的车载通信系统。The invention relates to a vehicle communication system based on WAVE.

背景技术Background technique

近年来，随着汽车工业的普及，私家车拥有量的激增，道路拥塞的日益严重，交通事故的频发，以及各式各样车载设备的不断涌现，车载通信领域的研究引起了人们极大的关注。传统的车辆通信网络通常只是针对于公路计费等用途设计的封闭式通信网络，新近的发展使得车辆支持车间自主通信从而互通安全信息。但是由于在网络架构方面的缺陷，原有的系统只能对高速行驶中的车辆提供局部区域内的信息交互，无法实现车辆与智能交通控制中心进行实时数据服务和接入宽带无线网络。从车辆无线接入技术的角度，目前绝大多数的车辆移动通信网络研究基于IEEE 802.11的通信技术，但802.11具有覆盖范围小、车辆移动过程中需要频繁切换连接路边单元、服务质量（QoS）支持弱、无法对多媒体信息提供高质量支持的弱点。In recent years, with the popularization of the automobile industry, the rapid increase of private car ownership, the increasingly serious road congestion, the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, and the continuous emergence of various vehicle-mounted devices, research in the field of vehicle-mounted communication has attracted great attention. s concern. The traditional vehicle communication network is usually only a closed communication network designed for highway billing and other purposes. Recent developments enable vehicles to support autonomous communication between workshops to exchange safety information. However, due to defects in the network architecture, the original system can only provide information interaction in a local area for high-speed vehicles, and cannot realize real-time data services between vehicles and intelligent traffic control centers and access to broadband wireless networks. From the perspective of vehicle wireless access technology, the vast majority of vehicle mobile communication network research is based on IEEE 802.11 communication technology. Weak support, the weakness of not being able to provide high-quality support for multimedia information.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种覆盖范围广、高质量支持多媒体信息、安全且易部署、低成本的基于WAVE的车载通信系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a WAVE-based vehicle communication system with wide coverage, high-quality support for multimedia information, safety and easy deployment, and low cost.

    为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种基于WAVE的车载通信系统，包括第一外部装置、第二外部装置、WAVE协议栈、扩展接口、路边单元和车辆上安装的片上单元，所述第一外部装置、路边单元、WAVE协议栈、扩展接口、片上单元和第二外部装置依次相连，所述路边单元、片上单元和WAVE协议栈连接成WAVE标准覆盖区域。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a vehicle-mounted communication system based on WAVE, comprising a first external device, a second external device, a WAVE protocol stack, an expansion interface, a roadside unit and an on-chip unit installed on a vehicle, The first external device, roadside unit, WAVE protocol stack, extension interface, on-chip unit and second external device are connected in sequence, and the roadside unit, on-chip unit and WAVE protocol stack are connected to form a WAVE standard coverage area.

    作为优选，所述第一外部装置通过扩展接口与路边单元相连；所述第二外部装置通过扩展接口与片上单元相连。As a preference, the first external device is connected to the roadside unit through an expansion interface; the second external device is connected to the on-chip unit through an expansion interface.

    作为优选，所述片上单元通过WAVE协议栈和路边单元相连。As a preference, the on-chip unit is connected to the roadside unit through the WAVE protocol stack.

本发明基于WAVE的车载通信系统的有益效果是：由于所述车载通信系统采用了WAVE，创建了覆盖范围广、高质量支持多媒体信息、安全的车用自组网络，而且更容易部署，成本也更低，更加符合商业模式的角度。The beneficial effects of the vehicle-mounted communication system based on WAVE in the present invention are: because the vehicle-mounted communication system adopts WAVE, an ad hoc network for vehicles with wide coverage, high-quality support for multimedia information, and safety is created, and it is easier to deploy and the cost is lower. Lower, more in line with the perspective of the business model.

附图说明Description of drawings

    图1为本发明基于WAVE的车载通信系统的原理框图。Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of the WAVE-based vehicle communication system of the present invention.

    图2为本发明基于WAVE的车载通信系统中WAVE协议栈的结构图。Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the WAVE protocol stack in the WAVE-based vehicle communication system of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

    请参阅图1至图2所示，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种基于WAVE的车载通信系统，包括第一外部装置、第二外部装置、WAVE协议栈、扩展接口、路边单元和车辆上安装的片上单元，所述第一外部装置、路边单元、WAVE协议栈、扩展接口、片上单元和第二外部装置依次相连，所述路边单元、片上单元和WAVE协议栈连接成WAVE标准覆盖区域。Please refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 2, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of vehicular communication system based on WAVE, comprises the first external device, the second external device, WAVE protocol stack, expansion interface, roadside unit and on-vehicle The installed on-chip unit, the first external device, the roadside unit, the WAVE protocol stack, the expansion interface, the on-chip unit and the second external device are connected in sequence, and the roadside unit, the on-chip unit and the WAVE protocol stack are connected to form a WAVE standard coverage area.

   所述第一外部装置通过扩展接口与路边单元相连；所述第二外部装置通过扩展接口与片上单元相连。所述片上单元通过WAVE协议栈和路边单元相连。The first external device is connected to the roadside unit through an expansion interface; the second external device is connected to the on-chip unit through an expansion interface. The on-chip unit is connected to the roadside unit through the WAVE protocol stack.

从宏观上而言，WAVE的通信方式，主要包含车辆和车辆之间的通信，车辆和路边单元之间的通信，以及车辆和便携设备之间的通信。车辆上安装的片上单元之间、片上单元和行人之间组成小型的无线ad-hoc网络，完成安全、娱乐等信息的交互；片上单元还可以通过路边单元以有线或者无线的方式和互联网、移动通信网络、无线局域网等网络相连接，完成信息的交换。WAVE中的模块主要包含片上单元、路边单元和WAVE协议栈。基于嵌入式处理单元的OBU(汽车上安装的片上单元)，相当于802.11网络中的STA，即通信系统中的移动终端，不同OBU只是通信方式和频率的差异；RSU(路边单元)相当于802.11中的AP，主要负责车载单元的接入，以及与其他网络的互联。在没有路边单元的情况下，车辆上安装的片上单元之间组成移动的车载自组网络；路边单元和片上单元利用WAVE协议栈通信，从而完成应用报文的交互过程。From a macro perspective, WAVE's communication methods mainly include communication between vehicles, communication between vehicles and roadside units, and communication between vehicles and portable devices. A small wireless ad-hoc network is formed between the on-chip units installed on the vehicle and between the on-chip units and pedestrians to complete the interaction of information such as safety and entertainment; the on-chip units can also communicate with the Internet, the Internet, Mobile communication network, wireless local area network and other networks are connected to complete the exchange of information. The modules in WAVE mainly include on-chip units, roadside units and WAVE protocol stacks. The OBU (on-chip unit installed on the car) based on the embedded processing unit is equivalent to the STA in the 802.11 network, that is, the mobile terminal in the communication system. Different OBUs are only different in communication mode and frequency; RSU (Roadside Unit) is equivalent to The AP in 802.11 is mainly responsible for the access of the vehicle unit and the interconnection with other networks. In the absence of a roadside unit, the on-chip units installed on the vehicle form a mobile vehicular ad hoc network; the roadside unit and the on-chip unit communicate using the WAVE protocol stack to complete the interaction process of application messages.

WAVE标准采用了基于802.11的协议架构，达到获得更高的通信速率和更大的传输范围，以及与现有的Internet和移动通信网络更好地融合的目的。WAVE标准通过一系列的服务和接口被标准化使得V2V和V2I通信变得更加安全可行，也为车载环境下更广范的应用（包括车辆安全、自动计费、增强型导航和交通管理等）提供了基础。The WAVE standard adopts the protocol architecture based on 802.11 to achieve higher communication rate and larger transmission range, as well as better integration with the existing Internet and mobile communication networks. The WAVE standard is standardized through a series of services and interfaces to make V2V and V2I communication more secure and feasible, and also provides a wider range of applications in the vehicle environment (including vehicle safety, automatic billing, enhanced navigation and traffic management, etc.) base.

WAVE协议栈分为管理平面和数据平面（如图2），IETF: Internet工程任务组； LLC:逻辑线路控制；MAC:媒体接入控制； MLME：MAC层管理实体；PHY:物理层；PLME:物理层管理实体 ；WME:MAVE管理实体；WSMP:WAVE短消息协议。管理平面负责协议栈的参数以及行为控制，数据平面负责传输有效数据信息。802.11p定义了物理层和MAC层；1609.4定义了一种MAC增强机制，提供多信道协作功能以使得只有一个接收天线的设备能够充分利用物理层信道（控制信道，服务信道），同时能够为高优先级的报文提供更加实时的传输服务；1609.3定义了WAVE的网络传输服务，并且规定了MAC层管理实体（MLME）和WAVE管理实体（WME）的功能和原语；1609.2制定了WAVE中的安全机制，提供加密、认证以及私密性等功能；1609.1为远程应用程序的管理、注册以及OBU设备中资源的存储以及存取提供了标准化的接口。WAVE protocol stack is divided into management plane and data plane (as shown in Figure 2), IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force; LLC: Logical Line Control; MAC: Media Access Control; MLME: MAC Layer Management Entity; PHY: Physical Layer; PLME: Physical layer management entity; WME: MAVE management entity; WSMP: WAVE short message protocol. The management plane is responsible for the parameters and behavior control of the protocol stack, and the data plane is responsible for transmitting effective data information. 802.11p defines the physical layer and the MAC layer; 1609.4 defines a MAC enhancement mechanism that provides multi-channel coordination functions so that devices with only one receiving antenna can make full use of the physical layer channel (control channel, service channel), and at the same time provide high Priority messages provide more real-time transmission services; 1609.3 defines the network transmission services of WAVE, and specifies the functions and primitives of the MAC layer management entity (MLME) and WAVE management entity (WME); 1609.2 formulates the WAVE in The security mechanism provides functions such as encryption, authentication, and privacy; 1609.1 provides a standardized interface for remote application management, registration, and resource storage and access in OBU devices.

WAVE把通信设备分为服务提供设备（PD：ProviderDevice）和用户设备（UD：UserDevice）两类，WAVE的运行流程如下：WAVE divides communication devices into two types: service provider device (PD: ProviderDevice) and user device (UD: UserDevice). The operation process of WAVE is as follows:

（1）PD启动，开始广播WAVE服务信息（WSA），开启了一个WAVE基本服务集（WBSS）。WSA中携带了诸如使用信道、提供哪些应用程序、各个应用程序的使用参数等的信息。这个过程相当于802.11中广播Beacon信息的过程。(1) PD starts, starts broadcasting WAVE service information (WSA), and starts a WAVE basic service set (WBSS). The WSA carries information such as channels to be used, which applications are provided, usage parameters of each application, and the like. This process is equivalent to the process of broadcasting Beacon information in 802.11.

（2）当UD进入PD提供WBSS的区域后，收到PD广播的信息WSA，根据所存储的密钥解密WSA，并分析其中的配置信息，判断是否和自己的配置信息相匹配，如果匹配，则加入此WBSS中，并根据WSA中的配置信息配置相关参数，如使用频率和信道等。(2) When the UD enters the area where the PD provides WBSS, it receives the information WSA broadcast by the PD, decrypts the WSA according to the stored key, and analyzes the configuration information in it to determine whether it matches its own configuration information. If it matches, Then join this WBSS, and configure relevant parameters according to the configuration information in WSA, such as frequency and channel.

（3）PD和UD之间建立了一条通信链路，此时，不再有PD和UD之分，PD和UD转为对等服务（P2P模式），它们之间开始平等交换数据信息，而不再是一个只能发信息，另一个只能收信息的模式。(3) A communication link is established between PD and UD. At this time, there is no distinction between PD and UD. PD and UD are transformed into peer-to-peer services (P2P mode), and data information is exchanged equally between them, and It is no longer a mode where one can only send messages and the other can only receive messages.

（4）在设备决定退出此WBSS时，向协议栈的管理实体发出指令指示退出WBSS；或者，在设备检测到不在此WBSS时，由底层管理实体向上层应用异步通告。至此服务提供者和使用者之间的通信宣告结束(4) When the device decides to exit the WBSS, it sends an instruction to the management entity of the protocol stack to indicate that it exits the WBSS; or, when the device detects that it is not in the WBSS, the bottom management entity asynchronously notifies the application to the upper layer. At this point, the communication between the service provider and the user ends

本发明基于WAVE的车载通信系统的有益效果是：由于所述车载通信系统采用了WAVE，创建了覆盖范围广、高质量支持多媒体信息、安全的车用自组网络，而且更容易部署，成本也更低，更加符合商业模式的角度。The beneficial effects of the vehicle-mounted communication system based on WAVE in the present invention are: because the vehicle-mounted communication system adopts WAVE, an ad hoc network for vehicles with wide coverage, high-quality support for multimedia information, and safety is created, and it is easier to deploy and the cost is lower. Lower, more in line with the perspective of the business model.

以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。  The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements that do not come to mind through creative work shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims. the

Claims (3)

1. the Vehicular communication system based on WAVE, it is characterized in that: comprise unit on the sheet of installing on the first external device (ED), the second external device (ED), WAVE protocol stack, expansion interface, roadside unit and vehicle, on described the first external device (ED), roadside unit, WAVE protocol stack, expansion interface, sheet, unit is connected successively with the second external device (ED), and on described roadside unit, sheet, unit and WAVE protocol stack connect into WAVE standard overlay area.

2. the Vehicular communication system based on WAVE according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first external device (ED) is connected with roadside unit by expansion interface; Described the second external device (ED) is connected with unit on sheet by expansion interface.

3. the Vehicular communication system based on WAVE according to claim 1, is characterized in that: go up unit for described and be connected with roadside unit by the WAVE protocol stack.

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