CN103413166A - Automatic switching power supply system for semi active RFID sensor tag - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，包括天线、标签模块、传感器，其特征在于，所述标签模块还包括：用于将所述标签模块的射频信号进行收集、存储、调制、解调的射频模拟单元，用于将所述射频模拟单元的基带信号进行解码、校验、处理的数字控制单元，用于根据所述数字控制单元的命令信号选择供电模式的供电切换单元，用于保证所述供电切换单元工作的电源，用于根据所述数字控制单元的命令信号进行读写的存储器，本发明通过使用控制命令进行智能切换供电方式，提高了半有源RFID传感标签工作效率，降低功耗，节约资源，符合环保要求。

The invention discloses an automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensing tags, which includes an antenna, a tag module, and a sensor. A radio frequency analog unit for collecting, storing, modulating and demodulating, a digital control unit for decoding, verifying and processing the baseband signal of the radio frequency analog unit, for selecting power supply according to the command signal of the digital control unit The power supply switching unit of the mode is used to ensure the power supply of the power supply switching unit to work, and is used to read and write the memory according to the command signal of the digital control unit. The present invention intelligently switches the power supply mode by using the control command, which improves half Active RFID sensor tags work efficiently, reduce power consumption, save resources, and meet environmental protection requirements.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统An automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensing tags

技术领域technical field

本发明属于射频识别领域及无线传感领域，具体涉及用于低功耗半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统。The invention belongs to the fields of radio frequency identification and wireless sensing, and in particular relates to an automatic switching power supply system for low-power semi-active RFID sensing tags.

背景技术Background technique

射频识别技术（Radio Frequency Identification，RFID）是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它通过射频信号自动识别标签并且能够进行双向的数据传输。Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically identifies tags through radio frequency signals and can perform two-way data transmission.

RFID系统通常由阅读器（Reader）、电子标签（Tag）和主机三部分组成。RFID系统的工作原理是操作人员可以通过主机对阅读器执行某些操作，阅读器经天线发送载有命令信息的电磁波能量，标签通过天线接收信息，并按照协议要求返回数据，最后阅读器接收来自标签的信息。嵌入智能传感器的RFID标签是无线传感网络WSN(Wireless Sensor Network)和物联网的重要组成部分，是感知世界的“触角”。因此，将传感器与RFID技术结合，可实现更丰富的功能，大大拓展RFID的应用领域。如将温度传感器、血氧传感器与RFID相结合，可构建远程医疗服务体系。An RFID system usually consists of three parts: a reader (Reader), an electronic tag (Tag) and a host. The working principle of the RFID system is that the operator can perform certain operations on the reader through the host computer, the reader sends electromagnetic wave energy carrying command information through the antenna, the tag receives the information through the antenna, and returns data according to the protocol requirements, and finally the reader receives data from Label information. The RFID tag embedded in the smart sensor is an important part of the wireless sensor network WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) and the Internet of Things, and it is the "tentacles" to perceive the world. Therefore, the combination of sensors and RFID technology can achieve richer functions and greatly expand the application field of RFID. For example, the combination of temperature sensor, blood oxygen sensor and RFID can build a remote medical service system.

以往的半有源标签是根据接收信号强度指示（RSSI）值来初步判断距离，然后根据工作距离远近切换电源开关，实现无源到有源工作模式或者有源到无源工作模式的转换。这种控制方法可以适当地节省功耗，并保持工作距离。然而，实际工作中，除了EEPROM读写或高精度传感器操作以外，其他命令操作的功耗较低，因此，此时采用有源工作模式是对供电电源的极大浪费。In the past, semi-active tags initially judged the distance based on the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) value, and then switched the power switch according to the working distance to realize the conversion from passive to active working mode or active to passive working mode. This control method can properly save power consumption and maintain the working distance. However, in actual work, except for EEPROM reading and writing or high-precision sensor operations, the power consumption of other command operations is low. Therefore, adopting an active working mode at this time is a great waste of power supply.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统。本发明通过使用控制命令进行智能切换供电方式，提高了半有源RFID传感标签工作效率，降低功耗，节约资源，符合环保要求。另外，本发明提供多种电路接口，方便多种传感器连接，通过不同的命令控制不同的传感器，实现多种信息的实时检测。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensing tags. The invention uses control commands to intelligently switch the power supply mode, improves the working efficiency of the semi-active RFID sensing tag, reduces power consumption, saves resources, and meets environmental protection requirements. In addition, the present invention provides multiple circuit interfaces to facilitate the connection of various sensors, and controls different sensors through different commands to realize real-time detection of various information.

为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，包括连接有天线和传感器的标签模块，所述标签模块包括：用于将所述标签模块的射频信号进行收集、存储、调制、解调的射频模拟单元，用于将所述射频模拟单元的基带信号进行解码、校验、处理的数字控制单元，用于根据所述数字控制单元的命令信号选择供电模式的供电切换单元，用于保证所述供电切换单元工作的电源，用于根据所述数字控制单元的命令信号进行读写的存储器。An automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensing tags, including a tag module connected with an antenna and a sensor, the tag module includes: for collecting, storing, modulating, and A radio frequency analog unit for demodulation, a digital control unit for decoding, verifying, and processing the baseband signal of the radio frequency analog unit, a power supply switching unit for selecting a power supply mode according to a command signal of the digital control unit, using The power supply for ensuring the operation of the power supply switching unit, and the memory for reading and writing according to the command signal of the digital control unit.

所述数字控制单元包括：用于将射频模拟单元发出的基带信号恢复为原始命令信号的解码模块、用于将所述解码模块发出的原始命令信号进行高8位解析的解析模块，用于将所述数字控制单元存在的原始命令信号中并行信号转换成串行信号的寄存器模块，用于将所述寄存器模块发出的串行信号有选择进行校验的校验模块，用于将校验结果正确的命令进行处理的命令处理模块，用于产生16位随机数的随机数模块，用于向所述存储器进行读写操作的读控制模块和写控制模块，用于将所述数字控制单元向所述射频模拟单元发出命令信号进行编码的编码模块，所述数字控制单元还包括控制所述传感器并接收所述传感器返回信号的通用接口。The digital control unit includes: a decoding module for restoring the baseband signal sent by the radio frequency analog unit to an original command signal, an analysis module for analyzing the high 8 bits of the original command signal sent by the decoding module, and A register module for converting the parallel signal into a serial signal in the original command signal existing in the digital control unit, and a verification module for selectively verifying the serial signal sent by the register module, for verifying the verification result A command processing module for processing correct commands, a random number module for generating 16-bit random numbers, a read control module and a write control module for performing read and write operations to the memory, for sending the digital control unit to the The radio frequency analog unit sends out a command signal for encoding, and the digital control unit also includes a general interface for controlling the sensor and receiving a return signal from the sensor.

如果所述命令处理模块收到所述校验模块产生的结果是错误的，则所述命令处理模块不再对命令进行处理；如果所述命令处理模块收到所述校验模块产生的结果是正确的，则所述命令处理模块进行命令处理。If the result that the verification module produces is received by the command processing module is wrong, the command processing module no longer processes the order; if the command processing module receives the result that the verification module produces is If it is correct, the command processing module performs command processing.

所述命令处理模块针对不同的命令有不同的处理：The command processing module has different processing for different commands:

1)所述标签模块接收到正确的Select命令或NAK命令时，则只需进行状态转换，无需返回信息，所述标签模块工作在无源模式；1) When the label module receives the correct Select command or NAK command, it only needs to perform state transition without returning information, and the label module works in passive mode;

2)所述标签模块接收到正确的Query、QueryRep、QueryAdjust和Req_RN命令，所述标签只需要返回16位随机数或者16位随机数和CRC-16校验码，此时16位随机数通过所述寄存器模块并串转换，经过所述校验模块计算，然后经过所述编码模块编码，输出给所述调制模块，经过调制以后的信号经所述天线发送，所述标签模块仍工作在无源模式；2) The label module receives the correct Query, QueryRep, QueryAdjust and Req_RN commands, and the label only needs to return a 16-bit random number or a 16-bit random number and a CRC-16 check code. At this time, the 16-bit random number passes the The parallel-to-serial conversion of the register module is calculated by the verification module, then encoded by the encoding module, and output to the modulation module. The modulated signal is sent through the antenna, and the label module is still working in passive mode. model;

3)所述标签模块接收正确的强制命令和可选命令时，启动所述读控制模块和所述写控制模块，对所述存储器进行读写操作，将所述命令处理模块产生的并行信号通过所述寄存器模块并串转换，将转换后的串行信号放在所述存储器返回的信号之后，一起经过所述校验模块计算，然后经过所述编码模块编码，输出给所述调制模块，经过调制以后的信号通过所述天线发出，所述标签模块工作在有源模式。3) When the label module receives correct mandatory commands and optional commands, start the read control module and the write control module, perform read and write operations on the memory, and pass the parallel signals generated by the command processing module through The register module performs parallel-to-serial conversion, puts the converted serial signal after the signal returned by the memory, calculates it through the verification module together, and then encodes it through the encoding module, and outputs it to the modulation module. The modulated signal is sent out through the antenna, and the label module works in an active mode.

所述标签模块接收到用户自定义的访问所述传感器的命令时，如果所述传感器的精度大于80um或者需要存储所述传感器的返回信号，则所述标签模块工作在有源模式；如果传感器精度小于50um且无需存储所述传感器的返回信号，则所述标签模块工作在无源模式。When the tag module receives a user-defined command to access the sensor, if the accuracy of the sensor is greater than 80um or the return signal of the sensor needs to be stored, the tag module works in active mode; if the sensor accuracy If it is less than 50um and there is no need to store the return signal of the sensor, the label module works in passive mode.

所述命令处理模块向所述供电切换模式电路发送控制信号，当控制信号为1时，所述供电切换单元启动有源模式，此时电池供电；当控制信号为0时，所述供电切换单元启动无源模式。The command processing module sends a control signal to the power supply switching mode circuit. When the control signal is 1, the power supply switching unit starts the active mode, and the battery supplies power at this time; when the control signal is 0, the power supply switching unit Activate passive mode.

有益效果Beneficial effect

本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1)根据操作命令灵活地切换供电模式，在不影响工作距离的情况下，可有效降低功耗，提高电池使用寿命。1) The power supply mode can be flexibly switched according to the operation command, which can effectively reduce power consumption and improve battery life without affecting the working distance.

2)设置了通用接口，可嵌入多种类型的传感器，灵活便利。因此可将半有源RFID标签技术应用于工业生产、商业物流、交通管理等领域。2) A common interface is set up, which can embed various types of sensors, which is flexible and convenient. Therefore, semi-active RFID tag technology can be applied to industrial production, commercial logistics, traffic management and other fields.

3)数字控制单元采用门控时钟、多种模块控制组合、共用资源、多时钟区域等技术，可有效减小芯片面积，降低功耗。在循环冗余校验（CRC）计算和编码模块采用三级流水线结构，减少了等待时间，提高了处理速度。3) The digital control unit adopts technologies such as gated clock, multiple module control combinations, shared resources, and multiple clock regions, which can effectively reduce chip area and power consumption. The three-stage pipeline structure is adopted in the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculation and encoding module, which reduces the waiting time and improves the processing speed.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的系统结构框图。Fig. 1 is a system structure block diagram of the present invention.

图2是是本发明射频模拟单元结构框图。Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of the radio frequency analog unit of the present invention.

图3是本发明的数字控制单元结构框图。Fig. 3 is a structural block diagram of the digital control unit of the present invention.

图4是本发明供电切换单元电路图。Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the power supply switching unit of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述：Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

如图1所示，本发明提供一种用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，包括连接有天线1和传感器3的标签模块2，该系统包括：用于将所述标签模块2的射频信号进行收集、存储、调制、解调的射频模拟单元21；用于将所述射频模拟单元21的基带信号进行解码、校验、处理的数字控制单元22；用于根据所述数字控制单元22的命令信号选择供电模式的供电切换单元23；用于保证所述供电切换单元工作的电源24；用于根据所述数字控制单元22的命令信号进行读写操作的存储器26；所述数字控制单元还包括控制所述传感器并接收所述传感器信号的通用接口。RFID系统通常由阅读器4、电子标签和主机三部分组成。RFID系统的工作原理是操作人员可以通过主机对阅读器4执行某些操作，阅读器4经天线发送载有命令信息的电磁波能量，标签通过天线接收信息，并按照协议要求返回数据，最后阅读器4接收来自标签的信息。按照图1中的信号传递理解：射频模拟单元21主要实现对电磁波的收集、存储及对信号调制解调，并在特定命令下给电路其他部分供电。数字控制单元22主要对射频模拟单元21发送过来的基带信号进行处理，并根据具体命令控制传感器，切换供电模式，读取/写入存储器26，最后将处理后产生的结果以编码的方式发给射频模拟单元，调制后以电磁波的方式返回阅读器4。在模拟电路供电端和电池之间，通过数字控制信号实现供电方式的切换。在数字控制单元端口留出控制传感器和接收数据的接口。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensing tags, including atag module 2 connected with anantenna 1 and a sensor 3, the system includes: for using thetag module 2 radio frequency signal to collect, store, modulate, demodulate the radiofrequency analog unit 21; be used for the baseband signal of described radiofrequency analog unit 21 is decoded, verified, thedigital control unit 22 of processing; The command signal of thecontrol unit 22 selects the powersupply switching unit 23 of the power supply mode; thepower supply 24 for ensuring the operation of the power supply switching unit; thememory 26 for reading and writing operations according to the command signal of thedigital control unit 22; the The digital control unit also includes a general interface for controlling said sensors and receiving said sensor signals. RFID system usually consists of three parts: reader 4, electronic tag and host. The working principle of the RFID system is that the operator can perform certain operations on the reader 4 through the host, the reader 4 sends electromagnetic wave energy carrying command information through the antenna, the tag receives the information through the antenna, and returns data according to the protocol requirements, and finally the reader 4 Receive information from tags. According to the understanding of the signal transmission in Fig. 1: the radiofrequency analog unit 21 mainly implements the collection, storage and signal modulation and demodulation of electromagnetic waves, and supplies power to other parts of the circuit under specific commands. Thedigital control unit 22 mainly processes the baseband signal sent by the radiofrequency analog unit 21, controls the sensor according to specific commands, switches the power supply mode, reads/writes thememory 26, and finally sends the processed result to the The radio frequency analog unit returns to the reader 4 in the form of electromagnetic waves after modulation. Between the power supply terminal of the analog circuit and the battery, the switching of the power supply mode is realized through the digital control signal. An interface for controlling the sensor and receiving data is set aside at the digital control unit port.

如图2所示，所述射频模拟单元21包括：用于将收到的射频信号转成直流信号的整流模块211，用于将所述整流模块211产生的直流信号进行稳定的稳压模块212，用于将收到的射频信号进行解调并输入给所述数字控制单元的解调模块213，用于对所述数字控制单元22发送的命令信号进行调制的调制模块214；当所述标签模块2接收到射频信号时，所述射频模拟单元21将收到的信号分别通过整流电路211、稳压电路212向所述数字控制单元22输入稳定电压，所述射频模拟单元21将收到的信号通过解调电路213向所述数字控制单元输入基带信号。阅读器4到所述标签模块（R=>T）之间的传输称之为下行链路或前向链路；所述标签模块到阅读器4(T=>R)之间的传输称之为上行链路或反向链路。所述天线1接收阅读器4发出的射频信号，所述整流模块211将射频信号转换至直流信号，稳压模块212将直流信号稳定在后级单元所需的工作电压V_DD。解调模块213利用包络检波原理对接收的射频信号进行幅移键控解调，因此能对双边带幅移键控、单边带幅移键控或反向相位幅移键控信号进行检波。对包络进行整形以产生数字电路能够识别的R=>T基带信号。调制模块214利用反向散射原理对射频信号进行幅移键控调制，所述标签模块自身不产生载波，而将接收到的连续载波进行反射，同时根据T=>R基带信号对其幅度调制。振荡器215和上电复位电路216，分别产生时钟信号和复位信号。偏置电路217为所述解调电路、所述振荡器、所述复位电路产生偏置(bias)。As shown in Figure 2, the radiofrequency analog unit 21 includes: arectification module 211 for converting the received radio frequency signal into a DC signal, and avoltage stabilization module 212 for stabilizing the DC signal generated by therectification module 211 , used to demodulate the received radio frequency signal and input it to thedemodulation module 213 of the digital control unit, and themodulation module 214 used to modulate the command signal sent by thedigital control unit 22; when the label When themodule 2 receives the radio frequency signal, the radiofrequency analog unit 21 will input the stable voltage to thedigital control unit 22 through therectification circuit 211 and thevoltage stabilizing circuit 212 respectively, and the radiofrequency analog unit 21 will receive the signal The signal is input into the baseband signal to the digital control unit through thedemodulation circuit 213 . The transmission between the reader 4 and the tag module (R=>T) is called downlink or forward link; the transmission between the tag module and the reader 4 (T=>R) is called for uplink or reverse link. Theantenna 1 receives the radio frequency signal sent by the reader 4, therectification module 211 converts the radio frequency signal into a DC signal, and thevoltage stabilization module 212 stabilizes the DC signal at the working voltage V_DD required by the subsequent unit. Thedemodulation module 213 uses the envelope detection principle to perform ASK demodulation on the received radio frequency signal, so it can detect the signals of double sideband amplitude shift keying, single sideband amplitude shift keying or reverse phase amplitude shift keying . The envelope is shaped to produce an R=>T baseband signal that digital circuits can recognize. Themodulation module 214 uses the backscattering principle to perform amplitude shift keying modulation on the radio frequency signal. The tag module itself does not generate a carrier wave, but reflects the received continuous carrier wave and modulates its amplitude according to the T=>R baseband signal. Theoscillator 215 and the power-onreset circuit 216 generate a clock signal and a reset signal respectively. Thebias circuit 217 generates biases for the demodulation circuit, the oscillator, and the reset circuit.

如图3所示，所述数字控制单元22包括：用于将射频模拟单元21发出的基带信号恢复为原始命令信号的解码模块221、用于将所述解码模块221发出的原始命令信号进行高8位解析的解析模块225，用于将所述数字控制单元22存在的原始命令信号中并行信号转换成串行信号的寄存器模块228，用于将所述寄存器模块228发出的串行信号有选择进行校验的校验模块（226，229），所述校验模块（226）为CRC-5校验模块，所述校验模块（229）为CRC-16校验和计算模块。用于将校验结果正确的命令进行处理的命令处理模块232，用于产生16位随机数的随机数模块227，用于向所述存储器进行读写操作的读控制模块231和写控制模块230，用于将所述数字控制单元22向所述射频模拟单元21发出命令信号进行编码的编码模块233。数字控制单元22按照工作时钟频率分为两个部分，其中一个为1.92MHz部分，处理异步复位模块222接收模拟前端发送的异步复位信号rst，将其同步化输出。分频系数产生模块235和反向时钟模块223产生反向链路所需要的时钟，该时钟主要用于读控制模块231、寄存器模块228、校验模块（CRC-16）229、编码模块等。为了降低功耗，设计了低频处理部分，其他模块采用此时钟由时钟分频模块224产生的240K时钟，此时钟也用于寄存器模块228和校验模块229。电源管理模块237用于关断和开启各个模块的时钟，以达到低功耗的目的。当数字控制模块检测到基带信号到来，通过打开解码模块221的时钟，启动解码模块，完成基带信号到原始信息的转换。命令解析模块225接收原始信息的高8位，对命令进行解析，并以独热码的方式表示结果，以降低功耗；同时原始信息经过寄存器模块228并串转换后发给命令处理控制模块232进行处理。命令处理控制模块232根据命令要求的校验类型选择5位循环冗余校验（CRC-5）模块校验或者16位循环冗余校验（CRC-16）模块校验。经过（CRC-5）模块226或者（CRC-16）校验模块229校验后的结果返回给命令处理控制模块232，如果校验结果正确，则对命令进一步处理；如果命令错误，则直接丢弃，不做处理。As shown in FIG. 3 , thedigital control unit 22 includes: a decoding module 221 for restoring the baseband signal sent by the radiofrequency analog unit 21 to an original command signal; The analysis module 225 of 8-bit analysis is used to convert the parallel signal in the original command signal of thedigital control unit 22 into a register module 228 of a serial signal, which is used to selectively send the serial signal from the register module 228 A verification module (226, 229) for verification, the verification module (226) is a CRC-5 verification module, and the verification module (229) is a CRC-16 verification sum calculation module. A command processing module 232 for processing a command with a correct verification result, a random number module 227 for generating a 16-bit random number, a read control module 231 and a write control module 230 for performing read and write operations to the memory , an encoding module 233 for encoding the command signal sent by thedigital control unit 22 to the radiofrequency analog unit 21 . Thedigital control unit 22 is divided into two parts according to the working clock frequency, one of which is a 1.92MHz part. The asynchronous reset processing module 222 receives the asynchronous reset signal rst sent by the analog front end, and outputs it synchronously. The frequency division coefficient generating module 235 and the reverse clock module 223 generate the clock required for the reverse link, and the clock is mainly used for the read control module 231 , the register module 228 , the check module (CRC-16) 229 , and the encoding module. In order to reduce power consumption, a low-frequency processing part is designed, and other modules use the 240K clock generated by the clock frequency division module 224, and this clock is also used in the register module 228 and the verification module 229. The power management module 237 is used to turn off and turn on the clocks of each module to achieve the purpose of low power consumption. When the digital control module detects the arrival of the baseband signal, it starts the decoding module by turning on the clock of the decoding module 221 to complete the conversion from the baseband signal to the original information. The command analysis module 225 receives the upper 8 bits of the original information, analyzes the command, and expresses the result in a one-hot code to reduce power consumption; at the same time, the original information is sent to the command processing control module 232 after parallel-to-serial conversion by the register module 228 to process. The command processing control module 232 selects a 5-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-5) module check or a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-16) module check according to the check type required by the command. The result checked by the (CRC-5) module 226 or (CRC-16) check module 229 is returned to the command processing control module 232, if the check result is correct, the command is further processed; if the command is wrong, it is directly discarded , do not process.

根据协议规定，所述标签模块2接收到正确的NAK、Select命令时，只需进行状态转换，无需返回信息，所述标签模块此时工作在无源模式；所述标签模块接收到正确的QueryRep、Query、QueryAdjust、Req_RN命令,所述标签模块只需要返回16位随机数或者16位随机数和CRC-16校验码，而且无需对存储器操作，所以此时标签仍工作在无源模式。当所述标签模块接收Read、Write、Kill、Lock、Access等强制命令和BlockWrite、BlockErase等可选命令时，由于要对所述存储器进行读写操作，考虑功耗问题，此时自动切换到有源模式，即电池供电。当所述标签接收到用户自定义的访问所述传感器的命令时，如果所述传感器精度低，即传感器精度小于50UM且无需存储数据则可以工作在无源模式；如果所述传感器精度较高,即传感器精度大于80UM或者需要存储信息，则自动切换到有源工作模式。According to the agreement, when thelabel module 2 receives the correct NAK and Select commands, it only needs to perform a state transition without returning information, and the label module works in passive mode at this time; the label module receives the correct QueryRep , Query, QueryAdjust, Req_RN commands, the tag module only needs to return a 16-bit random number or a 16-bit random number and a CRC-16 check code, and does not need to operate on the memory, so the tag is still working in passive mode at this time. When the label module receives mandatory commands such as Read, Write, Kill, Lock, Access and optional commands such as BlockWrite and BlockErase, due to the need to perform read and write operations on the memory, considering the power consumption problem, it automatically switches to active Source mode, i.e. battery powered. When the tag receives a user-defined command to access the sensor, if the sensor accuracy is low, that is, the sensor accuracy is less than 50UM and does not need to store data, it can work in passive mode; if the sensor accuracy is higher, That is, if the sensor accuracy is greater than 80UM or needs to store information, it will automatically switch to the active working mode.

随机数模块227主要用来产生16位随机数，此随机数会作为所述标签模块2到阅读器4（T=>R）命令的一部分发送给阅读器4，并作为下次接收阅读器4到所述标签模块2（R>=T）命令匹配的依据。所述解析模块225在前向链路中将解码后的（R>=T）命令进行并串转换，在反向链路中将命令处理模块产生的（T=>R）命令部分进行并串转换。所述校验模块（CRC-16）229在前向链路中对（R>=T）命令进行校验，在反向链路中将（T=>R）命令进行计算编码。写控制模块230和读控制模块231主要产生满足存储器26要求的读写信号。编码模块主要实现对（T=>R）命令进行编码。传感器控制模块主要实现根据具体命令产生适合多种传感器的控制信号，并接收多种传感器的返回信息。在反向链路中，解析模块、校验模块（CRC-16）、存储器模块采用三级流水线结构，节省了资源，提高了速度，降低了功耗。The random number module 227 is mainly used to generate a 16-bit random number, which will be sent to the reader 4 as part of the command from thetag module 2 to the reader 4 (T=>R), and will be used as the next receiving reader 4 To the label module 2 (R>=T) command matching basis. The parsing module 225 performs parallel-serial conversion on the decoded (R>=T) command in the forward link, and performs parallel-serial conversion on the (T=>R) command part generated by the command processing module in the reverse link convert. The checking module (CRC-16) 229 checks the (R>=T) command in the forward link, and calculates and encodes the (T=>R) command in the reverse link. The write control module 230 and the read control module 231 mainly generate read and write signals meeting the requirements of thememory 26 . The encoding module mainly implements encoding (T=>R) commands. The sensor control module mainly realizes the generation of control signals suitable for various sensors according to specific commands, and receives the return information of various sensors. In the reverse link, the analysis module, check module (CRC-16), and memory module adopt a three-stage pipeline structure, which saves resources, improves speed, and reduces power consumption.

如图4所示，图中Enable为控制信号，来自数字控制部分，接在两个PMOS的栅极，如果Enable=1,则P1开启，P2关闭，此时RFID标签模块工作在电池供电模式，即有源工作；如果Enable=0,则P2开启，P1关闭，此时RFID传感标签工作在无源模式。As shown in Figure 4, Enable in the figure is the control signal, which comes from the digital control part and is connected to the gates of the two PMOSs. If Enable=1, P1 is turned on and P2 is turned off. At this time, the RFID tag module works in battery power supply mode. That is, active work; if Enable=0, then P2 is turned on, P1 is turned off, and the RFID sensor tag works in passive mode at this time.

本发明工作原理：标签模块通过天线接收阅读器4发送的射频信号，整流模块将射频信号转换至直流信号，稳压模块将直流信号稳定在后级电路所需的工作电压V_DD。解调模块利用包络检波原理对接收的射频信号进行幅移键控解调，并对包络进行整形以产生数字电路能够识别的R=>T基带信号。解码模块对该基带信号解码，得到原始命令。命令解析模块对命令高8位进行解析。同时原始命令经过寄存器模块并串转换，经过校验模块（CRC-5模块或CRC-16模块）校验，如果结果正确则交由命令处理模块处理，如果结果不正确则直接丢掉。命令处理模块针对不同的命令有不同的处理：1.如果标签接收到正确的NAK、Select命令时，只需进行状态转换，无需返回信息，标签此时工作在无源模式；2.如果标签接收到正确的QueryRep、Query、QueryAdjust、Req_RN命令,标签只需要返回16位随机数或者16位随机数和CRC-16校验码，此时16位随机数通过共用寄存器模块并串转换，经过CRC-16模块计算，然后经过编码模块）编码，输出给调制电路，经过调制以后通过天线发送给阅读器4，所以此时标签仍工作在无源模式；3.如果标签接收正确的Read、Write、Kill、Lock、Access等强制命令和BlockWrite、BlockErase等可选命令时，启动读控制模块和写控制，对存储器进行读写操作，将命令处理模块产生的并行信息通过寄存器模块并串转换，将转换后的串行信息放在存储器返回的信号之后，一起经过校验模块（CRC-16）计算，然后经过编码模块编码，输出给调制模块，经过调制以后信号通过天线发送给阅读器4，由于要存储器进行读写操作，考虑功耗问题，此时自动切换到电池供电方式。所述命令处理模块向所述供电切换单元发送控制信号，当控制信号为1时，所述供电切换单元启动有源模式，此时电池供电；当控制信号为0时，所述供电切换单元启动无源模式。The working principle of the present invention: the label module receives the radio frequency signal sent by the reader 4 through the antenna, the rectification module converts the radio frequency signal into a DC signal, and the voltage stabilization module stabilizes the DC signal at the working voltage V_DD required by the subsequent circuit. The demodulation module uses the principle of envelope detection to demodulate the received radio frequency signal by amplitude shift keying, and reshape the envelope to generate the R=>T baseband signal that the digital circuit can recognize. The decoding module decodes the baseband signal to obtain the original command. The command parsing module parses the high 8 bits of the command. At the same time, the original command is converted from parallel to serial by the register module and verified by the verification module (CRC-5 module or CRC-16 module). If the result is correct, it will be processed by the command processing module, and if the result is incorrect, it will be discarded directly. The command processing module has different processing for different commands: 1. If the tag receives the correct NAK and Select commands, it only needs to perform state transition without returning information, and the tag works in passive mode at this time; 2. If the tag receives To the correct QueryRep, Query, QueryAdjust, Req_RN command, the tag only needs to return a 16-bit random number or a 16-bit random number and a CRC-16 check code. At this time, the 16-bit random number is converted from parallel to serial through the shared register module, and after CRC- 16 module calculation, and then encoded by the encoding module), output to the modulation circuit, and then sent to the reader 4 through the antenna after modulation, so the tag is still working in passive mode at this time; 3. If the tag receives the correct Read, Write, Kill , Lock, Access and other mandatory commands and optional commands such as BlockWrite and BlockErase, start the read control module and write control, perform read and write operations on the memory, and convert the parallel information generated by the command processing module through the register module. After the serial information of the memory is placed after the signal returned by the memory, it is calculated by the verification module (CRC-16), and then encoded by the encoding module, and output to the modulation module. After modulation, the signal is sent to the reader 4 through the antenna. When performing read and write operations, considering the power consumption problem, it will automatically switch to the battery power supply mode at this time. The command processing module sends a control signal to the power supply switching unit, when the control signal is 1, the power supply switching unit starts the active mode, and at this time the battery supplies power; when the control signal is 0, the power supply switching unit starts passive mode.

Claims (6)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，包括连接有天线和传感器的标签模块，其特征在于，所述标签模块包括：用于将所述模块的射频信号进行收集、存储、调制、解调的射频模拟单元，用于将所述射频模拟单元的基带信号进行解码、校验、处理的数字控制单元，用于根据所述数字控制单元的命令信号选择供电模式的供电切换单元，用于保证所述供电切换单元工作的电源，用于根据所述数字控制单元的命令信号进行读写的存储器。1. An automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensing tags, including a tag module connected to an antenna and a sensor, characterized in that, the tag module includes: for collecting the radio frequency signal of the module , a radio frequency analog unit for storage, modulation and demodulation, a digital control unit for decoding, verifying, and processing the baseband signal of the radio frequency analog unit, and a digital control unit for selecting a power supply mode according to a command signal of the digital control unit The power supply switching unit is used to ensure the power supply of the power supply switching unit to work, and is used to read and write the memory according to the command signal of the digital control unit.2.根据权利要求1所述用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，其特征在于，所述数字控制单元包括：用于将射频模拟单元发出的基带信号恢复为原始命令信号的解码模块、用于将所述解码模块发出的原始命令信号进行高8位解析的解析模块，用于将所述数字控制单元存在的原始命令信号中并行信号转换成串行信号的寄存器模块，用于将所述寄存器模块发出的串行信号有选择进行校验的校验模块，用于将校验结果正确的命令进行处理的命令处理模块，用于产生16位随机数的随机数模块，用于向所述存储器进行读写操作的读控制模块和写控制模块，用于将所述数字控制单元向所述射频模拟单元发出命令信号进行编码的编码模块，所述数字控制单元还包括控制所述传感器并接收所述传感器返回信号的通用接口。2. The automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensor tags according to claim 1, wherein the digital control unit includes: a device for restoring the baseband signal sent by the radio frequency analog unit to the original command signal A decoding module, an analysis module for performing high 8-bit analysis on the original command signal sent by the decoding module, a register module for converting parallel signals in the original command signal existing in the digital control unit into serial signals, and using A verification module for selectively verifying the serial signal sent by the register module, a command processing module for processing commands with correct verification results, a random number module for generating 16-bit random numbers, and a random number module for generating 16-bit random numbers. A read control module and a write control module for performing read and write operations to the memory, an encoding module for encoding the command signal sent by the digital control unit to the radio frequency analog unit, and the digital control unit also includes a control unit A general interface for the sensor and receiving the return signal from the sensor.3.根据权利要求2所述用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，其特征在于，如果所述命令处理模块收到所述校验模块产生的结果是错误的，则所述命令处理模块不再对命令进行处理；如果所述命令处理模块收到所述校验模块产生的结果是正确的，则所述命令处理模块进行命令处理。3. the automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensor tag according to claim 2, is characterized in that, if the result that described verification module is received by described command processing module is wrong, then described The command processing module no longer processes the command; if the command processing module receives the correct result from the verification module, the command processing module performs command processing.4.根据权利要求3所述用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，其特征在于，所述命令处理模块针对不同的命令有不同的处理：4. the automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensor tag according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described command processing module has different processing for different orders:1)所述标签模块接收到正确的Select命令或NAK命令时，则只需进行状态转换，无需返回信息，所述标签模块工作在无源模式；1) When the label module receives the correct Select command or NAK command, it only needs to perform state transition without returning information, and the label module works in passive mode;2)所述标签模块接收到正确的Query、QueryRep、QueryAdjust和Req_RN命令，所述标签只需要返回16位随机数或者16位随机数和CRC-16校验码，此时16位随机数通过所述寄存器模块并串转换，经过所述校验模块计算，然后经过所述编码模块编码，输出给所述调制模块，经过调制以后的信号经所述天线发送，所述标签模块仍工作在无源模式；2) The label module receives the correct Query, QueryRep, QueryAdjust and Req_RN commands, and the label only needs to return a 16-bit random number or a 16-bit random number and a CRC-16 check code. At this time, the 16-bit random number passes the The parallel-to-serial conversion of the register module is calculated by the verification module, then encoded by the encoding module, and output to the modulation module. The modulated signal is sent through the antenna, and the label module is still working in passive mode. model;3)所述标签模块接收正确的强制命令和可选命令时，启动所述读控制模块和所述写控制模块，对所述存储器进行读写操作，将所述命令处理模块产生的并行信号通过所述寄存器模块并串转换，将转换后的串行信号放在所述存储器返回的信号之后，一起经过所述校验模块计算，然后经过所述编码模块编码，输出给所述调制模块，经过调制以后的信号通过所述天线发出，所述标签模块工作在有源模式。3) When the label module receives correct mandatory commands and optional commands, start the read control module and the write control module, perform read and write operations on the memory, and pass the parallel signals generated by the command processing module through The register module performs parallel-to-serial conversion, puts the converted serial signal after the signal returned by the memory, calculates it through the verification module together, and then encodes it through the encoding module, and outputs it to the modulation module. The modulated signal is sent out through the antenna, and the label module works in an active mode.5.根据权利要求4所述用于半有源RFID传感标签的自动切换供电系统，其特征在于，所述标签模块接收到用户自定义的访问所述传感器的命令时，如果所述传感器的精度大于80uw或者需要存储所述传感器的返回信号，则所述标签模块工作在有源模式；如果传感器精度小于50um且无需存储所述传感器的返回信号，则所述标签模块工作在无源模式。5. The automatic switching power supply system for semi-active RFID sensor tags according to claim 4, wherein when the tag module receives a user-defined command to access the sensor, if the sensor's If the accuracy is greater than 80uw or the return signal of the sensor needs to be stored, the label module works in the active mode; if the sensor accuracy is less than 50um and the return signal of the sensor does not need to be stored, the label module works in the passive mode.6.根据权利要求4或5所述用于低功耗半有源RFID标签的自动切换供电系统，其特征在于，所述命令处理模块向所述供电切换模式电路发送控制信号，当控制信号为1时，所述供电切换单元启动有源模式，此时电池供电；当控制信号为0时，所述供电切换单元启动无源模式。6. according to claim 4 or the described automatic switching power supply system that is used for low power consumption semi-active RFID tag, it is characterized in that, described command processing module sends control signal to described power supply switching mode circuit, when control signal is When the control signal is 1, the power supply switching unit starts the active mode, and the battery supplies power at this time; when the control signal is 0, the power supply switching unit starts the passive mode.

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