技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种光学传感器。The invention relates to an optical sensor.
背景技术Background technique
微粒检测技术在科学研究、工业场所、大气环境监测中起到至关重要的作用。其检测技术主要有光学法、电学法、动力学法，其中光学法以测量范围广、不接触样品、快速、可自动化实时而被最广泛地应用，典型的仪器如库尔特仪、Climet和ROYCO粒子计数器、国产激光粒子计数器等。但这些仪器只能用来测量微粒的大小，对形状的检测很少涉及；不仅如此，这些仪器还存在接受角范围局限、光敏区的光均匀性较差的缺陷。为此，在专利[CN201110346535.0]中，设计了一种旋转对称椭腔镜的光学传感器，用于测量微粒的大小及形状，该传感器有效地克服了接受角范围局限性问题，对光敏区的光均匀性也有了一定改善，但由于大角散射光接收器仅采用位于三角形顶点的三个光电管，信息采集量过少，影响了形状的检测精度，对微粒的大小检测也产生了一定的影响；此外，该设计中为改善光束均匀性而采用的光路布局结构复杂，易受运输等影响。为此，本发明的目的在于提供一种结构合理，工作效果好的用旋转对称椭腔镜检测微粒大小及形状的光学系统。Particle detection technology plays a vital role in scientific research, industrial sites, and atmospheric environment monitoring. Its detection technologies mainly include optical method, electrical method, and kinetic method. Among them, optical method is the most widely used for its wide measurement range, no contact with samples, fast, automatic and real-time. Typical instruments such as Coulter, Climet and ROYCO particle counter, domestic laser particle counter, etc. However, these instruments can only be used to measure the size of the particles, and the detection of the shape is rarely involved; not only that, but these instruments also have the defects of limited acceptance angle range and poor light uniformity in the photosensitive area. For this reason, in the patent [CN201110346535.0], an optical sensor with a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror is designed to measure the size and shape of particles. The uniformity of light has also been improved to some extent, but since the large-angle scattered light receiver only uses three photocells located at the vertices of the triangle, the amount of information collected is too small, which affects the detection accuracy of the shape, and also has a certain degree of difficulty in the detection of the size of the particles. In addition, the optical path layout used in this design to improve the uniformity of the beam has a complex structure and is easily affected by transportation. For this reason, the object of the present invention is to provide an optical system with reasonable structure and good working effect to detect particle size and shape with a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构合理、工作性能好的用旋转对称椭腔镜检测微粒大小及形状的光学系统。The object of the present invention is to provide an optical system with reasonable structure and good working performance, which uses a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror to detect particle size and shape.
本发明的技术解决方案是：Technical solution of the present invention is:
一种用旋转对称椭腔镜检测微粒大小及形状的光学系统，其特征是：包括旋转对称椭腔镜，椭腔镜由金属制成、且内表面经抛光处理并镀有反射膜，在椭腔镜的外框上固装激光器，并经一定光路布局后由光纤均匀性准直形成均匀性良好的平行光束，沿与旋转对称椭腔镜旋转对称椭腔镜的长轴方向入射到光敏区，入射光束与样气流汇于光敏区，即旋转对称椭腔镜的一焦点处，前向散射光透过透镜后经第一光阑后被光电倍增管接受，原方向入射光束射入光陷阱，所述光陷阱由金属制成，且内壁涂有吸光材料，并固定在椭腔镜的外框体内；除前向散射光外的大角范围内的散射光汇聚于设有第二光阑的椭腔镜的另一焦点，然后经一透镜后被探测器面形CCD接受，第二光阑的设置用以防止杂散光进入探测器面形CCD，探测器面形CCD接收的信号经输出后放大、处理。An optical system for detecting the size and shape of particles with a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror is characterized in that it includes a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror, the elliptical cavity mirror is made of metal, and the inner surface is polished and coated with a reflective film. The laser is fixed on the outer frame of the cavity mirror, and after a certain optical path layout, it is collimated by the uniformity of the optical fiber to form a parallel beam with good uniformity, which is incident on the photosensitive area along the long axis direction of the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror. , the incident light beam and the sample gas flow converge in the photosensitive area, that is, a focal point of the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror. The forward scattered light passes through the lens and is received by the photomultiplier tube after passing through the first diaphragm. The incident light beam from the original direction enters the optical trap. , the light trap is made of metal, and the inner wall is coated with light-absorbing material, and is fixed in the outer frame of the elliptical cavity mirror; the scattered light in the large angle range except the forward scattered light converges in the second aperture The other focal point of the elliptical cavity mirror is accepted by the detector surface CCD after passing through a lens. The second aperture is set to prevent stray light from entering the detector surface CCD. The signal received by the detector surface CCD is output Zoom in, process.
激光器射出的光束经第一聚焦透镜后汇聚于一光纤接口，此接口为所述光纤的入射端面，激光器、第一聚焦透镜、光纤接口固定在椭腔镜的外框上；光纤的输出端与另一接口相连，发出的光束经准直透镜后形成平行光束，再经光阑及反射镜后使光束沿与椭腔镜长轴方向入射到光敏区，所述光纤的另一接口、准直透镜也固定在椭腔镜的外框上；激光器为功率50~100mW的半导体激光器。The light beam emitted by the laser converges on an optical fiber interface after passing through the first focusing lens. This interface is the incident end face of the optical fiber. The laser, the first focusing lens and the optical fiber interface are fixed on the outer frame of the elliptical cavity mirror; The other interface is connected, and the beam emitted by the collimator lens forms a parallel beam, and then passes through the diaphragm and the mirror to make the beam enter the photosensitive area along the long axis of the elliptical cavity mirror. The other interface of the optical fiber, the collimator The lens is also fixed on the outer frame of the elliptical cavity mirror; the laser is a semiconductor laser with a power of 50~100mW.
光纤均匀性装置采用圆形绕行2.5周的梯度折射率分布的光能传输光纤，并呈圆形环绕在旋转对称椭腔镜的外框上。The optical fiber uniformity device adopts a light energy transmission optical fiber with a gradient refractive index distribution that circles around 2.5 circles, and circles around the outer frame of the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror.
前向散射光接受探测器为光电倍增管，除前向散射光外大角范围内散射光探测器为面形CCD，且这两种探测器位于椭腔镜的长轴上、分居于椭腔镜中心两侧。The forward scattered light receiving detector is a photomultiplier tube, and the scattered light detector in the large angle range except the forward scattered light is a surface-shaped CCD, and these two detectors are located on the long axis of the elliptical cavity mirror and are separated from the elliptical cavity mirror. Center sides.
样气的进、出气通道与系统的主轴垂直，在样气进气通道外套装稀释纯净气通道，且稀释纯净气通道出口比样气进气通道出口更靠近光敏区；进、出气通道的直径为2mm。The inlet and outlet channels of the sample gas are perpendicular to the main axis of the system, and the diluted pure gas channel is installed outside the sample gas inlet channel, and the outlet of the diluted pure gas channel is closer to the photosensitive area than the outlet of the sample gas inlet channel; the diameter of the inlet and outlet channels is 2mm.
本发明的工作原理是：半导体激光器射出的光束经第一透镜聚焦于一梯度折射率分布的光能传输光纤的输入端面，该光纤沿圆形环绕旋转对称椭腔镜行2.5周，光纤直径2mm, 环绕半径0.12m，输出端光束经准直透镜后形成平行光束，且其光束的均匀性良好，均匀光斑平顶因子可达0.82，该光束入射至旋转对称椭腔镜的一焦点处，且入射方向为该椭腔镜的长轴方向，在该焦点处与经稀释的样气流相遇，即形成光敏区。由于大大提高了光敏区光束的均匀性，因而大大减小了由于微粒在光敏区位置不同的影响；由于采用了纯净气稀释法，减少了微粒在光敏区重叠的可能性以及在腔内的残留，提高了微粒计数的准确性；由于采用基于前向的大角范围接受的设计，既保证了采集微粒散射光的主要信息，又大大减小了微粒形状及空间取向的影响。前向散射光被具有良好性能的光电倍增管接受，大角范围内的其它散射光被面形CCD接受，以光电倍增管接受信号为主、CCD接受信号总值为辅的总信号大小用来确定微粒的大小；面形CCD的信号则用来确定微粒的形状。The working principle of the present invention is: the light beam emitted by the semiconductor laser is focused on the input end face of a light energy transmission fiber with gradient refractive index distribution through the first lens, and the fiber circles around the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror for 2.5 circles along a circle, and the fiber diameter is 2 mm , the surrounding radius is 0.12m, the beam at the output end forms a parallel beam after being collimated by the lens, and the uniformity of the beam is good, and the flat top factor of the uniform spot can reach 0.82. The incident direction is the long axis direction of the elliptical cavity mirror, and the diluted sample gas flow meets at the focal point to form a photosensitive area. Because the uniformity of the light beam in the photosensitive area is greatly improved, the influence of the different positions of the particles in the photosensitive area is greatly reduced; due to the use of pure gas dilution method, the possibility of particle overlap in the photosensitive area and the residue in the cavity are reduced. , which improves the accuracy of particle counting; due to the design based on the forward-based large-angle range acceptance, it not only ensures the collection of the main information of particle scattered light, but also greatly reduces the influence of particle shape and spatial orientation. The forward scattered light is accepted by the photomultiplier tube with good performance, and the other scattered light in the large angle range is accepted by the surface CCD. The total signal size is determined based on the signal received by the photomultiplier tube and the total value of the CCD received signal. The size of the particle; the signal of the surface CCD is used to determine the shape of the particle.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点是：1、采用面形CCD，可以大大提高微粒形状的检测准确性。2、采用巧妙且合理的光纤均匀化光束布局，大大提高了激光束的光束均匀性，同时构成简洁、方便实用、不受运输的影响。3、光电倍增管与面形CCD接受的组合式微粒大小检测方法，在保证接受前向散射主要信息的同时，也因为CCD较过去的光电管采集了更多的信息，而在一定程度上提高了微粒大小测量的精度。4、采用旋转对称椭腔镜接受散射光，最大程度地增加了接受角范围，较大程度地减小了微粒形状及空间取向的影响。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. The detection accuracy of particle shape can be greatly improved by adopting a surface-shaped CCD. 2. The ingenious and reasonable optical fiber homogenization beam layout greatly improves the beam uniformity of the laser beam. At the same time, the structure is simple, convenient and practical, and will not be affected by transportation. 3. The combined particle size detection method accepted by the photomultiplier tube and the surface CCD, while ensuring the reception of the main information of the forward scattering, also improves the particle size to a certain extent because the CCD collects more information than the previous photoelectric tube. accuracy of particle size measurement. 4. The use of rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirrors to accept scattered light maximizes the range of acceptance angles and minimizes the influence of particle shape and spatial orientation.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
图1是本发明一个实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是图1中光纤均匀化光束的具体布置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the specific arrangement of the optical fiber homogenizing light beam in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种用旋转对称椭腔镜检测微粒大小及形状的光学系统，包括旋转对称椭腔镜20，椭腔镜由金属制成、且内表面经抛光处理并镀有反射膜，在椭腔镜的外框上固装激光器，并经一定光路布局后由光纤均匀性准直形成均匀性良好的平行光束，沿与旋转对称椭腔镜旋转对称椭腔镜的长轴方向入射到光敏区，入射光束与样气流汇于光敏区，即旋转对称椭腔镜的一焦点处，前向散射光透过透镜12后经第一光阑10后被光电倍增管11接受，原方向入射光束经反射镜9射入光陷阱13，所述光陷阱由金属制成，且内壁涂有吸光材料，并固定在椭腔镜的外框体内；除前向散射光外的大角范围内的散射光汇聚于设有第二光阑17的椭腔镜的另一焦点，然后经一透镜18后被探测器面形CCD19接受，第二光阑的设置用以防止杂散光进入探测器面形CCD，探测器面形CCD接收的信号经输出后放大、处理。An optical system for detecting particle size and shape with a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror, comprising a rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror 20, the elliptical cavity mirror is made of metal, and its inner surface is polished and coated with a reflective film. The laser is fixed on the outer frame, and after a certain optical path layout, it is collimated by the uniformity of the optical fiber to form a parallel beam with good uniformity, which is incident on the photosensitive area along the long axis of the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror. The sample gas flow converges in the photosensitive area, that is, at a focal point of the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror. The forward scattered light passes through the lens 12 and then passes through the first aperture 10 before being received by the photomultiplier tube 11. The incident beam from the original direction passes through the mirror 9 Inject into the light trap 13, the light trap is made of metal, and the inner wall is coated with light-absorbing material, and fixed in the outer frame of the elliptical cavity mirror; the scattered light in the large angle range except the forward scattered light converges in the The other focal point of the elliptical cavity mirror of the second aperture 17 is accepted by the detector surface CCD19 after passing through a lens 18, and the setting of the second aperture is in order to prevent stray light from entering the detector surface CCD, and the detector surface shape The signal received by the CCD is amplified and processed after being output.
激光器1射出的光束经第一聚焦透镜2后汇聚于一光纤接口3，此接口为所述光纤的入射端面，激光器、第一聚焦透镜、光纤接口固定在椭腔镜的外框上；光纤的输出端与另一接口4相连，发出的光束经准直透镜5后形成平行光束，再经第三光阑6及反射镜7、8后使光束沿与椭腔镜长轴方向入射到光敏区，所述光纤的另一接口、准直透镜也固定在椭腔镜的外框上；激光器为功率50~100mW的半导体激光器。The light beam emitted by the laser 1 converges on an optical fiber interface 3 after passing through the first focusing lens 2. This interface is the incident end face of the optical fiber. The laser, the first focusing lens, and the optical fiber interface are fixed on the outer frame of the elliptical cavity mirror; The output end is connected with another interface 4, and the emitted beam passes through the collimator lens 5 to form a parallel beam, and then passes through the third diaphragm 6 and mirrors 7 and 8 to make the beam enter the photosensitive area along the long axis direction of the elliptical cavity mirror , the other interface of the optical fiber and the collimating lens are also fixed on the outer frame of the elliptical cavity mirror; the laser is a semiconductor laser with a power of 50-100mW.
光纤均匀性装置采用圆形绕行2.5周的梯度折射率分布的光能传输光纤，并呈圆形环绕在旋转对称椭腔镜的外框上。The optical fiber uniformity device adopts a light energy transmission optical fiber with a gradient refractive index distribution that circles around 2.5 circles, and circles around the outer frame of the rotationally symmetrical elliptical cavity mirror.
前向散射光接受探测器为光电倍增管，除前向散射光外大角范围内散射光探测器为面形CCD，且这两种探测器位于椭腔镜的长轴上、分居于椭腔镜中心两侧。The forward scattered light receiving detector is a photomultiplier tube, and the scattered light detector in the large angle range except the forward scattered light is a surface-shaped CCD, and these two detectors are located on the long axis of the elliptical cavity mirror and are separated from the elliptical cavity mirror. Center sides.
样气的进、出气通道14、16与系统的主轴垂直，在样气进气通道外套装稀释纯净气通道15，且稀释纯净气通道出口比样气进气通道出口更靠近光敏区；进、出气通道的直径为2mm。The inlet and outlet channels 14, 16 of the sample gas are perpendicular to the main axis of the system, and the diluted pure gas channel 15 is placed outside the sample gas inlet channel, and the outlet of the diluted pure gas channel is closer to the photosensitive area than the outlet of the sample gas inlet channel; The diameter of the outlet channel is 2 mm.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310307346.1ACN103364318B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | An Optical System for Detecting the Size and Shape of Particles Using a Rotationally Symmetric Elliptical Cavity Mirror |
| CN201410717953.XACN104359804B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Succinctly, the easily optical system of detection of particles size and shape |
| CN201410717955.9ACN104458510B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Improve detection of particles size and the optical system of shape of detection accuracy |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310307346.1ACN103364318B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | An Optical System for Detecting the Size and Shape of Particles Using a Rotationally Symmetric Elliptical Cavity Mirror |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410717955.9ADivisionCN104458510B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Improve detection of particles size and the optical system of shape of detection accuracy |
| CN201410717953.XADivisionCN104359804B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Succinctly, the easily optical system of detection of particles size and shape |
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| CN103364318A CN103364318A (en) | 2013-10-23 |
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| CN201310307346.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103364318B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | An Optical System for Detecting the Size and Shape of Particles Using a Rotationally Symmetric Elliptical Cavity Mirror |
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