技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种活塞式电控配气发动机及其应用，属于发动机领域。The invention relates to a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine and its application, belonging to the field of engines.
背景技术Background technique
柴油发动机和汽油发动机是活塞式发动机，它们的配气机构是机械的。配气机构主要由气门组、气门座、摇臂、摇臂轴、气门挺柱、推杆、正时同步带、正时链轮、凸轮轴以及齿轮传动系统等组成。气门组主要由气门、气门弹簧、气门弹簧座、气门导管、气门锁片等组成。为了提高发动机气门关闭的质量，每个气门一般都装配两个螺旋方向相反的弹簧。发动机工作时，气门不停地开启和关闭，气门关闭时，气门工作面与气门座紧密接触，密闭性好，不能有气体通过。摇臂及摇臂轴安装在气缸盖顶置气门的结构上，摇臂是一个换向杠杆，传递推杆的上下运动，以启闭气门。气门挺柱是把凸轮轴的凸轮旋转运动转换为气门挺柱的上下运动，通过推杆和摇臂按时推动气门开启和关闭。Diesel engines and gasoline engines are piston engines, and their valve trains are mechanical. The valve mechanism is mainly composed of valve group, valve seat, rocker arm, rocker arm shaft, valve tappet, push rod, timing belt, timing sprocket, camshaft and gear transmission system. The valve group is mainly composed of valves, valve springs, valve spring seats, valve guides, and valve locks. In order to improve the quality of engine valve closing, each valve is generally equipped with two springs with opposite helical directions. When the engine is working, the valves are constantly opened and closed. When the valves are closed, the working surfaces of the valves are in close contact with the valve seats, so that the airtightness is good and no gas can pass through. The rocker arm and the rocker arm shaft are installed on the structure of the cylinder head with the overhead valve. The rocker arm is a reversing lever that transmits the up and down movement of the push rod to open and close the valve. The valve tappet converts the cam rotation motion of the camshaft into the up and down motion of the valve tappet, and pushes the valve to open and close on time through the push rod and rocker arm.
气动马达是将压缩空气的能量转换为输出力矩和转速的传动装置。不能连续旋转作往复旋转的称为摆动气动马达；能够连续旋转的称为旋转气动马达，简称为气马达。气马达按工作原理分为容积式和涡轮式两大类。容积式气马达按结构形式分为叶片式、活塞式和齿轮式。容积式中最常用的气马达是双向旋转叶片式和径向活塞式气马达。气马达的主要特点是可以无级调速、能实现正反转、有过载保护作用、功率范围和转速范围较宽、长时间满载运行温升较小、工作安全、适用于恶劣工作环境。（中国液压气动密封件工业协会组编、陈启复主编，中国气动工业发展史，机械工业出版社2012）。An air motor is a transmission device that converts the energy of compressed air into output torque and speed. Those that cannot rotate continuously for reciprocating rotation are called swing air motors; those that can rotate continuously are called rotary air motors, or air motors for short. According to the working principle, the air motor is divided into two categories: volumetric type and turbine type. Volumetric air motors are divided into vane type, piston type and gear type according to the structure. The most commonly used air motors in positive displacement are bidirectional rotary vane and radial piston air motors. The main features of the air motor are stepless speed regulation, forward and reverse rotation, overload protection, wide power range and speed range, low temperature rise during long-term full-load operation, safe work, and suitable for harsh working environments. (Edited by China Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association, edited by Chen Qifu, History of China's Pneumatic Industry, Machinery Industry Press, 2012).
活塞式气马达的配气是机械式的。The gas distribution of the piston air motor is mechanical.
我国气动产品技术水平与产品质量大致相当于国外15~20年前的水平，在可靠性、响应特性、精度、灵敏度等关键技术性能方面跟国外比存在较大差距。未来20年，气动技术的总体发展目标为全面提高我国气动技术水平，达到或接近国际先进水平，基本满足高端制造、新能源等战略性新兴产业的发展需要。（中国机械工程学会，中国机械工程技术路线图，机械工业出版社2011）。The technical level and product quality of my country's pneumatic products are roughly equivalent to those of foreign countries 15 to 20 years ago, and there is a big gap compared with foreign countries in key technical performances such as reliability, response characteristics, precision, and sensitivity. In the next 20 years, the overall development goal of pneumatic technology is to comprehensively improve the level of my country's pneumatic technology, reach or approach the international advanced level, and basically meet the development needs of high-end manufacturing, new energy and other strategic emerging industries. (Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, China Mechanical Engineering Technology Roadmap, Machinery Industry Press 2011).
发明专利：一种太阳能定压加热热气流发动机发电系统提供一种工质为空气，无需水做工质，也无需塔筒（或烟囱），省去了太阳能蝶式发电中斯特林发动机巨大的散热机构的太阳能定压加热热气流发动机发电系统。该发明包括双轴跟踪太阳能聚焦反射镜面系统、太阳能定压加热动力转换单元或称热气流发动机、发电机，其特征是：太阳能定压加热动力转换单元由空气压缩机、储气罐、太阳能吸收器、输出轴功气缸组件构成，输出轴功气缸组件包括气缸、气缸上设有的进气口和排气口、进气口上装有的进气阀、排气口上装有的排气阀、活塞、连杆及曲柄，空气压缩机、储气罐、太阳能吸收器用输气管顺序串联后与进气口连接，活塞通过连杆与曲柄连接，曲柄轴与发电机轴连接，工作方式为定压加热循环方式，加热由太阳能通过太阳能吸收器完成，太阳能定压加热动力转换单元是开口系统。（发明专利号：201110119488.6）。Invention patent: A solar constant pressure heating hot air engine power generation system provides a working medium as air, no need for water as a working medium, and no tower (or chimney), eliminating the huge Stirling engine in solar butterfly power generation The solar energy constant pressure heating hot air flow engine power generation system of the cooling mechanism. The invention includes a dual-axis tracking solar focusing mirror system, a solar constant pressure heating power conversion unit or hot air flow engine, and a generator, and is characterized in that: the solar constant pressure heating power conversion unit is composed of an air compressor, a gas storage tank, and a solar energy absorption The output shaft power cylinder assembly consists of a cylinder, an air inlet and an exhaust port on the cylinder, an air intake valve on the air inlet, an exhaust valve on the exhaust port, Pistons, connecting rods and cranks, air compressors, gas storage tanks, and solar absorbers are connected in series with the air inlet, the pistons are connected to the crank through the connecting rod, and the crank shaft is connected to the generator shaft. The working mode is constant pressure. Heating circulation mode, the heating is completed by solar energy through the solar absorber, and the solar constant pressure heating power conversion unit is an open system. (Invention patent number: 201110119488.6).
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种活塞式电控配气发动机及其应用。本发明活塞式电控配气发动机，采用电控配气代替了活塞式柴油发动机和汽油发动机的机械配气机构，取消了机械配气机构的气门组、气门座、摇臂、摇臂轴、气门挺柱、推杆、凸轮轴以及齿轮传动系统等部件，无需气门组的气门、气门弹簧、气门弹簧座、气门导管、气门锁片等。The object of the present invention is to provide a piston type electronically controlled valve engine and its application. The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention adopts electronically controlled gas distribution to replace the mechanical gas distribution mechanism of the piston type diesel engine and gasoline engine, and cancels the valve group, valve seat, rocker arm, rocker arm shaft, etc. of the mechanical gas distribution mechanism. Valve tappets, push rods, camshafts, and gear transmission systems and other components do not require valves, valve springs, valve spring seats, valve guides, valve locks, etc. of the valve group.
本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:
一种活塞式电控配气发动机，包括气缸、活塞、控制器，其特征是：在气缸的底部设有进气口和排气口，进气口上安装有进气电磁阀，控制进气口空气进入气缸，排气口上安装有排气电磁阀控制排气口，排出气缸中的空气；活塞连杆的端部连接有曲轴，曲轴上连接有曲轴转角位置传感器；进气电磁阀、排气电磁阀和曲轴转角位置传感器分别通过信号线与控制器联接；曲轴转角位置传感器检测曲轴旋转的角位置，从而间接地检测出活塞在气缸中的位置，并将信号发送给控制器，控制器根据曲轴转角位置传感器检测出的活塞在气缸中的位置，控制进气电磁阀和排气电磁阀的开启和关闭。A piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine, including a cylinder, a piston, and a controller, is characterized in that: an air inlet and an exhaust port are arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, and an air inlet solenoid valve is installed on the air inlet to control the air inlet. Air enters the cylinder, and an exhaust solenoid valve is installed on the exhaust port to control the exhaust port to discharge the air in the cylinder; the end of the piston connecting rod is connected to the crankshaft, and the crankshaft is connected to the crankshaft angle position sensor; the intake solenoid valve, exhaust The solenoid valve and the crankshaft angle position sensor are respectively connected to the controller through the signal line; the crankshaft angle position sensor detects the angular position of the crankshaft rotation, thereby indirectly detecting the position of the piston in the cylinder, and sends the signal to the controller, and the controller according to The position of the piston in the cylinder detected by the crank angle position sensor controls the opening and closing of the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve.
所述曲轴转角位置传感器为增量光电编码器、绝对光电编码器或其他角位置传感器；The crankshaft angle position sensor is an incremental photoelectric encoder, an absolute photoelectric encoder or other angular position sensors;
所述进气电磁阀和排气电磁阀为常温高速电磁阀或高温高速电磁阀。The intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve are high-speed solenoid valves at room temperature or high-speed high-speed solenoid valves.
本发明的活塞式电控配气发动机，作为气马达的应用；The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention is used as an air motor;
本发明的活塞式电控配气发动机，作为压缩空气储能发电设备的应用；The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention is used as compressed air energy storage power generation equipment;
本发明的活塞式电控配气发动机，在太阳能定压加热热气流发动机发电系统或碟式太阳能发电系统中，作为驱动发电机的发动机的应用。The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention is used as an engine driving a generator in a solar constant pressure heating hot air engine power generation system or a disc solar power generation system.
本发明的工作原理是：进气电磁阀控制进气口空气进入气缸，排气电磁阀控制排气口排出气缸中的空气；进气电磁阀和排气电磁阀不能同时开启，否则，进气口和排气口将直通；进气电磁阀开启时，空气进入气缸；排气电磁阀开启时，气缸排出空气；进气电磁阀和排气电磁阀的开启和关闭由控制器根据活塞在气缸中的位置控制，曲轴旋转的角位置可以确定活塞在气缸中的位置，曲轴转角位置传感器可以检测出曲轴旋转的角度，这样，曲轴转角位置传感器可以间接地检测出活塞在气缸中的位置，因此，控制器可以根据曲轴转角位置传感器检测出的活塞在气缸中的位置来控制进气电磁阀和排气电磁阀的开启和关闭。曲轴转角位置传感器可采用增量光电编码器、绝对光电编码器等传感器。The working principle of the present invention is: the intake solenoid valve controls the intake air to enter the cylinder, and the exhaust solenoid valve controls the exhaust port to discharge the air in the cylinder; the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve cannot be opened at the same time, otherwise, the intake The port and the exhaust port will be straight through; when the intake solenoid valve is open, the air enters the cylinder; In the position control, the angular position of the crankshaft rotation can determine the position of the piston in the cylinder, and the crankshaft angle position sensor can detect the angle of the crankshaft rotation, so that the crankshaft angle position sensor can indirectly detect the position of the piston in the cylinder, so , the controller can control the opening and closing of the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve according to the position of the piston in the cylinder detected by the crank angle position sensor. The crank angle position sensor can adopt sensors such as incremental photoelectric encoder and absolute photoelectric encoder.
本发明应用于气马达时，本发明即为活塞式电控配气气动发动机，发动机进气口气体压力在每一个循环周期内可以认为恒定；活塞在上死点时，控制器控制进气电磁阀开启，进气口气体进入气缸，气缸中的气体定压推动活塞做功，进气电磁阀控制进气量，当进入气缸的气体达到所需要的进气量时，控制器控制进气电磁阀关闭；当进气电磁阀和排气电磁阀都关闭时，气体在气缸中绝热膨胀，气体推动活塞做功；当气体在气缸中绝热膨胀，气缸气压下降到大气压或活塞达到下死点时，控制器控制排气电磁阀开启，直到活塞达到上死点，进入下一个循环。When the present invention is applied to an air motor, the present invention is a piston-type electronically controlled air distribution pneumatic engine, and the gas pressure at the air inlet of the engine can be considered constant in each cycle; when the piston is at the top dead center, the controller controls the intake electromagnetic When the valve is opened, the gas from the intake port enters the cylinder, and the gas in the cylinder pushes the piston to do work at a constant pressure. The intake solenoid valve controls the intake air volume. When the gas entering the cylinder reaches the required intake air volume, the controller controls the intake solenoid valve. Closed; when both the intake solenoid valve and the exhaust solenoid valve are closed, the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, and the gas pushes the piston to do work; when the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, the cylinder pressure drops to atmospheric pressure or the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the control The controller controls the exhaust solenoid valve to open until the piston reaches the top dead center and enters the next cycle.
本发明应用于气马达时的活塞式电控配气气动发动机情形：当进气量较小，进气电磁阀关闭，气体在气缸中绝热膨胀，活塞达到下死点之前，气缸气压已经下降到大气压，此时，排气电磁阀开启，以防气缸气压成为负压，这种情况，称为欠进气量情况；当进气量为临界值时，进气电磁阀关闭，气体在气缸中绝热膨胀，活塞达到下死点时，气缸气压恰好为大气压，此时，排气电磁阀开启；当过进气量时，进气电磁阀关闭，气体在气缸中绝热膨胀，活塞达到下死点时，气缸气压仍然大于大气压，此时，排气电磁阀开启。When the present invention is applied to an air motor, the situation of a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine: when the intake air volume is small, the intake electromagnetic valve is closed, the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, and the air pressure of the cylinder has dropped to Atmospheric pressure, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve opens to prevent the cylinder air pressure from becoming negative pressure. This situation is called the situation of insufficient intake air volume; when the intake air volume reaches a critical value, the intake solenoid valve closes, and the gas in the cylinder Adiabatic expansion, when the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the cylinder pressure is just atmospheric pressure, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve opens; when the intake air volume exceeds, the intake solenoid valve closes, the gas expands adiabatically in the cylinder, and the piston reaches the bottom dead center When the cylinder pressure is still greater than the atmospheric pressure, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve is opened.
发动机工作时，控制器按时控制电磁阀的开启和关闭。本发明应用于常温压缩空气储能发电、常温气马达时，可选用常温高速电磁阀。本发明应用于太阳能定压加热热气流发动机发电系统、碟式太阳能发电系统、高温压缩空气储能发电中时，可选用高温高速电磁阀。When the engine is working, the controller controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve on time. When the present invention is applied to normal-temperature compressed air energy storage power generation and normal-temperature air motors, a normal-temperature high-speed solenoid valve can be selected. When the present invention is applied to a solar energy constant pressure heating thermal airflow engine power generation system, a dish solar power generation system, and a high temperature compressed air energy storage power generation, a high temperature and high speed electromagnetic valve can be selected.
本发明的优点是：本发明的活塞式电控配气发动机用电控配气取代了活塞式发动机复杂的机械配气；进气量可控；排气电磁阀可控；可采用柴油机成熟技术，改造为活塞式电控配气气动发动机；效率高，用途广。The advantages of the present invention are: the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution engine of the present invention replaces the complex mechanical gas distribution of the piston engine with electronically controlled gas distribution; the intake air volume is controllable; the exhaust solenoid valve is controllable; mature diesel engine technology can be used , Transformed into a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine; high efficiency and wide application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是活塞式电控配气气动发动机欠进气量的理想压容P-V图；Fig. 2 is the ideal pressure-capacity P-V diagram of the insufficient air intake of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine;
图3是活塞式电控配气气动发动机临界进气量的理想压容P-V图；Fig. 3 is the ideal pressure-capacity P-V diagram of the critical intake air volume of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine;
图4是活塞式电控配气气动发动机过进气量的理想压容P-V图。Fig. 4 is the ideal pressure-capacity P-V diagram of the over-intake volume of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine.
具体实施方式detailed description
参照附图1，本发明由进气电磁阀1、进气口2、排气电磁阀3、排气口4、曲轴转角位置传感器5、控制器6、气缸7、活塞8以及曲轴9组成。进气电磁阀1安装在进气口2和气缸7之间；排气电磁阀3安装在排气口4和气缸7之间；曲轴转角位置传感器5与曲轴9连接，曲轴转角位置传感器5检测曲轴9的旋转角度，不失一般性，可以定义活塞8在上死点时曲轴9角度为0度、活塞8在下死点时曲轴9角度为180度，曲轴9旋转一周为360度，曲轴9所处的角位置可由曲轴转角位置传感器5测得，曲轴9所处的角位置对应活塞8在气缸7的位置，因此，曲轴转角位置传感器5可以检测活塞8在气缸7中的位置；控制器6根据曲轴转角位置传感器5检测出的活塞8在气缸7所处的位置，控制进气电磁阀1和排气电磁阀3的开启和关闭。With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is made up of intake solenoid valve 1, air inlet 2, exhaust solenoid valve 3, exhaust port 4, crank angle position sensor 5, controller 6, cylinder 7, piston 8 and crankshaft 9. The intake solenoid valve 1 is installed between the intake port 2 and the cylinder 7; the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is installed between the exhaust port 4 and the cylinder 7; the crankshaft angle position sensor 5 is connected to the crankshaft 9, and the crankshaft angle position sensor 5 detects The rotation angle of the crankshaft 9, without loss of generality, can be defined as 0 degrees when the piston 8 is at the top dead center, 180 degrees when the piston 8 is at the bottom dead center, and 360 degrees when the crankshaft 9 rotates a circle. The angular position can be measured by the crankshaft angle position sensor 5, and the angular position of the crankshaft 9 corresponds to the position of the piston 8 in the cylinder 7, so the crankshaft angle position sensor 5 can detect the position of the piston 8 in the cylinder 7; 6 According to the position of the piston 8 in the cylinder 7 detected by the crank angle position sensor 5, the opening and closing of the intake solenoid valve 1 and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 are controlled.
本发明应用为活塞式电控配气气动发动机时，参照附图2、3、4：P0为大气压，P1为进气口2气压；点1、5为活塞8在上死点，V1是余隙容积；点4为活塞8在下死点，V0为气缸7容积；进气电磁阀1在点1开启、在点2关闭，排气电磁阀3在点3开启、在点5关闭，排气电磁阀3在点4处于开启状态；点1到点2过程为定压膨胀过程，点2到点3过程为绝热膨胀过程，点4到点5过程为气缸排气过程，点5到点1过程为定容加压过程。When the present invention is applied as a piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine, with reference to accompanying drawings 2, 3, 4: P0 is atmospheric pressure, P1 is air inlet 2 air pressure; Point 1, 5 is that piston 8 is at the top dead center, V1 is the clearance volume; point 4 is the piston 8 at the bottom dead center, V0 is the volume of the cylinder 7; the intake solenoid valve 1 is opened at point 1 and closed at point 2, and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is opened at point 3 and closed at point Closed, the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is open at point 4; the process from point 1 to point 2 is a constant pressure expansion process, the process from point 2 to point 3 is an adiabatic expansion process, and the process from point 4 to point 5 is a cylinder exhaust process. The process from 5 to point 1 is the constant volume pressurization process.
参照附图2，点2到点3的活塞式电控配气气动发动机绝热膨胀过程，进气量较小，即V2较小，绝热膨胀到点3时，气缸7气压为大气压P0，此时，排气电磁阀3开启，否则继续绝热膨胀气缸气压将产生负压；点3到点4气缸7通过排气电磁阀、排气口吸入空气；点4到点5过程为气缸排气过程，由于排气电磁阀3处于开启状态，气缸7气压维持在大气压P0，直到点5关闭排气电磁阀3。把按照附图2循环过程运行的活塞式电控配气气动发动机称为欠进气量工作状态。Referring to Figure 2, during the adiabatic expansion process of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine from point 2 to point 3, the intake air volume is small, that is, V2 is small, and when the adiabatic expansion reaches point 3, the air pressure of cylinder 7 is atmospheric pressure P0 , At this time, the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is opened, otherwise the air pressure of the cylinder will generate negative pressure if the adiabatic expansion continues; from point 3 to point 4, the cylinder 7 inhales air through the exhaust solenoid valve and the exhaust port; the process from point 4 to point 5 is the cylinder exhaust During the process, since the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is in the open state, the air pressure of the cylinder 7 is maintained at the atmospheric pressure P0 until the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is closed at point 5 . The piston-type electronically controlled gas-distribution pneumatic engine operated according to the cyclic process of accompanying drawing 2 is called the under-intake working state.
参照附图3，点2到点3的活塞式电控配气气动发动机绝热膨胀过程，进气量大到一定程度，即V2大到一定程度，绝热膨胀到气缸7气压为大气压P0时，活塞8恰好到达下死点，此时，排气电磁阀3开启，点3和点4重合，点4到点5过程为气缸排气过程，到点5关闭排气电磁阀3。把按照附图3循环过程运行的活塞式电控配气气动发动机称为临界进气量工作状态。Referring to Figure 3, during the adiabatic expansion process of the piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine from point 2 to point 3, the intake air volume is large to a certain extent, that is, V2 is large to a certain extent, and the adiabatic expansion reaches the atmospheric pressure P0 in cylinder 7 , the piston 8 just reaches the bottom dead center, at this time, the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is opened, the point 3 and point 4 coincide, the process from point 4 to point 5 is the cylinder exhaust process, and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is closed at point 5. The piston-type electronically controlled gas distribution pneumatic engine operating according to the cyclic process of the accompanying drawing 3 is called the critical air intake working state.
参照附图4，活塞式电控配气气动发动机进气量较大，即V2较大，点2到点3绝热膨胀到下死点时，气缸7气压大于大气压P0，此时，排气电磁阀3开启，点3到点4定容排气过程，点4到点5过程为气缸排气过程，到点5关闭排气电磁阀3。把按照附图4循环过程运行的活塞式电控配气气动发动机称为过进气量工作状态。Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the intake volume of the piston-type electronically controlled air distribution pneumatic engine is relatively large, that is, V2 is relatively large, and when point 2 to point 3 adiabatically expands to the bottom dead center, the air pressure of cylinder 7 is greater than atmospheric pressure P0 , at this time, the exhaust The air solenoid valve 3 is opened, the constant volume exhaust process from point 3 to point 4, the process from point 4 to point 5 is the cylinder exhaust process, and the exhaust solenoid valve 3 is closed at point 5. The piston-type electronically controlled gas-distribution pneumatic engine operated according to the cyclic process of accompanying drawing 4 is referred to as the over-intake working state.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310295702.2ACN103334796B (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2013-07-15 | Piston type electronic control distribution engine and application thereof |
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| CN201310295702.2ACN103334796B (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2013-07-15 | Piston type electronic control distribution engine and application thereof |
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