技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信领域，更具体地说，涉及一种动中通天线。The present invention relates to the communication field, and more specifically, relates to a mobile communication antenna.
背景技术Background technique
动中通是“移动中的卫星地面站通信系统”的简称。通过动中通系统，车辆、轮船、飞机等移动的载体在运动过程中可实时跟踪卫星等平台，不间断地传递语音、数据、图像等多媒体信息，可满足各种军民用应急通信和移动条件下的多媒体通信的需要。动中通系统很好地解决了各种车辆、轮船等移动载体在运动中通过地球同步卫星，实时不断地传递语音、数据、高清晰的动态视频图像、传真等多媒体信息的难关，是通信领域的一次重大的突破，是当前卫星通信领域需求旺盛、发展迅速的应用领域，在军民两个领域都有极为广泛的发展前景。Mobile Communication is the abbreviation of "Moving Satellite Ground Station Communication System". Through the mobile communication system, vehicles, ships, aircraft and other mobile carriers can track satellites and other platforms in real time during the movement process, and continuously transmit multimedia information such as voice, data, images, etc., which can meet various military and civilian emergency communication and mobile conditions Under the needs of multimedia communication. The mobile communication system solves the problem that various vehicles, ships and other mobile carriers transmit voice, data, high-definition dynamic video images, faxes and other multimedia information in real time through geosynchronous satellites in motion. It is a major breakthrough in the current satellite communication field, which has a strong demand and a fast-growing application field, and has extremely broad development prospects in both military and civilian fields.
作为动中通系统的一个重要组成部分，动中通天线负责通信信号的接收和/或发送，传统的动中通天线一般采用抛物面天线。As an important part of the mobile communication system, the mobile communication antenna is responsible for the reception and/or transmission of communication signals. Traditional mobile communication antennas generally use parabolic antennas.
但是由于抛物面天线的反射面的曲面加工难度大，精度要求也高，因此，制造麻烦，且成本较高。However, since the curved surface of the reflective surface of the parabolic antenna is difficult to process and requires high precision, the manufacturing is troublesome and the cost is relatively high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，针对现有的动中通天线加工不易、成本高的缺陷，提供一种加工简单、制造成本低的动中通天线。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile communication antenna with simple processing and low manufacturing cost in view of the defects of difficult processing and high cost of the existing mobile communication antennas.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种动中通天线，所述动中通天线包括呈漏斗状的超材料结构，所述超材料结构由四个相同的呈梯形的超材料平板拼装形成，每一超材料平板对应一个馈源，每一超材料平板包括核心层及设置在核心层一侧表面的反射层，所述核心层包括一个核心层片层或多个相同的核心层片层，每一个核心层片层包括片状的第一基材以及设置在第一基材上的多个第一人造微结构，所述核心层片层的折射率分布满足如下公式：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a communication antenna in motion, which includes a funnel-shaped metamaterial structure, and the metamaterial structure is composed of four identical trapezoidal metamaterial structures. The plates are assembled, and each metamaterial plate corresponds to a feed source. Each metamaterial plate includes a core layer and a reflective layer arranged on one side of the core layer. The core layer includes a core layer or a plurality of identical cores. Layers, each core layer layer includes a sheet-shaped first substrate and a plurality of first artificial microstructures arranged on the first substrate, and the refractive index distribution of the core layer layer satisfies the following formula:
Vseg＝s+λ×NUMseg；Vseg=s+λ×NUMseg;
其中，n(r)表示核心层片层上半径为r处的折射率值，核心层片层的折射率分布圆心即为馈源等效点在超材料平板外侧表面所在平面的投影，所述圆心与超材料平板的下边沿相距sy；Among them, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer sheet, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the core layer sheet is the projection of the equivalent point of the feed source on the plane where the outer surface of the metamaterial flat plate is located. The distance sy between the center of the circle and the lower edge of the metamaterial plate;
s为馈源等效点到超材料平板的垂直距离；s is the vertical distance from the feed equivalent point to the metamaterial plate;
nmax表示核心层片层的折射率的最大值；nmax represents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;
nmin表示核心层片层的折射率的最小值；nmin represents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;
λ表示频率为天线中心频率的电磁波的波长；λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is the center frequency of the antenna;
floor表示向下取整。floor represents rounding down.
进一步地，所述第一基材包括片状的第一前基板及第一后基板，所述多个第一人造微结构夹设在第一前基板与第一后基板之间，所述核心层片层的厚度为0.21-2.5mm，其中，第一前基板的厚度为0.1-1mm，第一后基板的厚度为0.1-1mm，多个第一人造微结构的厚度为0.01-0.5mm。Further, the first substrate includes a sheet-shaped first front substrate and a first rear substrate, the plurality of first artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, and the core The thickness of the ply layer is 0.21-2.5mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5mm.
进一步地，所述核心层片层的厚度为0.543mm，其中，第一前基板及第一后基板的厚度均为0.254mm，多个第一人造微结构的厚度为0.035mm。Further, the thickness of the core layer is 0.543 mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate are both 0.254 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.035 mm.
进一步地，每一超材料平板还包括设置在核心层另一侧表面的阻抗匹配层，所述阻抗匹配层包括一个阻抗匹配层片层或多个厚度相同的阻抗匹配层片层，所述阻抗匹配层片层包括片状的第二基材以及设置在第二基材上的多个第二人造微结构，所述一个或多个阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布满足如下公式：Further, each metamaterial slab also includes an impedance matching layer disposed on the surface of the other side of the core layer, the impedance matching layer includes one impedance matching layer sheet or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets with the same thickness, the impedance The matching layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate, and the refractive index distribution of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula:
其中，ni(r)表示阻抗匹配层片层上半径为r处的折射率值，阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布圆心即为馈源等效点在相应的阻抗匹配层片层外侧表面所在平面的投影；Among them, ni (r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the impedance matching layer, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the impedance matching layer is the equivalent point of the feed source on the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer the projection of the plane on which it is located;
其中，i表示阻抗匹配层片层的编号，靠近馈源的阻抗匹配层片层的编号为m，由馈源向核心层方向，编号依次减小，靠近核心层的阻抗匹配层片层的编号为1；Among them, i represents the number of the impedance matching layer, the number of the impedance matching layer near the feed source is m, and the number decreases in turn from the feed source to the core layer, and the number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is 1;
上述的nmax、nmin分别与核心层片层的折射率的最大值、最小值相同。The aforementioned nmax and nmin are respectively the same as the maximum and minimum values of the refractive index of the core layer sheet.
进一步地，每一超材料平板还包括设置在核心层另一侧表面的阻抗匹配层，所述阻抗匹配层包括一个阻抗匹配层片层或多个厚度相同的阻抗匹配层片层，所述阻抗匹配层片层包括片状的第二基材以及设置在第二基材上的多个第二人造微结构，所述每一阻抗匹配层片层具有单一的折射率，所述一个或多个阻抗匹配层片层的折射率满足以下公式：Further, each metamaterial slab also includes an impedance matching layer disposed on the surface of the other side of the core layer, the impedance matching layer includes one impedance matching layer sheet or a plurality of impedance matching layer sheets with the same thickness, the impedance The matching layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructures disposed on the second substrate, each of the impedance matching layer sheets has a single refractive index, and the one or more The refractive index of the impedance matching layer satisfies the following formula:
其中，m表示阻抗匹配层的总层数，i表示阻抗匹配层片层的编号，其中，靠近核心层的阻抗匹配层片层的编号为m。Wherein, m represents the total number of layers of the impedance matching layer, and i represents the serial number of the impedance matching layer, wherein the serial number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is m.
进一步地，所述第二基材包括片状的第二前基板及第二后基板，所述多个第二人造微结构夹设在第二前基板与第二后基板之间，所述阻抗匹配层片层的厚度为0.21-2.5mm，其中，第二前基板的厚度为0.1-1mm，第二后基板的厚度为0.1-1mm，多个第二人造微结构的厚度为0.01-0.5mm。Further, the second substrate includes a sheet-shaped second front substrate and a second rear substrate, the plurality of second artificial microstructures are interposed between the second front substrate and the second rear substrate, and the impedance The thickness of the matching layer is 0.21-2.5mm, wherein the thickness of the second front substrate is 0.1-1mm, the thickness of the second rear substrate is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of second artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5mm .
进一步地，所述第一人造微结构及第二人造微结构均为由铜线或银线构成的金属微结构，所述金属微结构通过蚀刻、电镀、钻刻、光刻、电子刻或离子刻的方法分别附着在第一基材及第二基材上。Further, both the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures composed of copper wires or silver wires, and the metal microstructures are formed by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electronic engraving or ionization. The method of engraving is respectively attached to the first base material and the second base material.
进一步地，所述金属微结构呈平面雪花状，所述金属微结构具有相互垂直平分的第一金属线及第二金属线，所述第一金属线与第二金属线的长度相同，所述第一金属线两端连接有相同长度的两个第一金属分支，所述第一金属线两端连接在两个第一金属分支的中点上，所述第二金属线两端连接有相同长度的两个第二金属分支，所述第二金属线两端连接在两个第二金属分支的中点上，所述第一金属分支与第二金属分支的长度相等。Further, the metal microstructure is in the shape of a plane snowflake, the metal microstructure has a first metal line and a second metal line that are perpendicular to each other, and the length of the first metal line is the same as that of the second metal line. Two first metal branches of the same length are connected at both ends of the first metal line, the two ends of the first metal line are connected at the midpoint of the two first metal branches, and the two ends of the second metal line are connected with the same Two second metal branches of the same length, the two ends of the second metal wire are connected to the midpoint of the two second metal branches, and the length of the first metal branch is equal to that of the second metal branch.
进一步地，所述平面雪花状的金属微结构的每个第一金属分支及每个第二金属分支的两端还连接有完全相同的第三金属分支，相应的第三金属分支的中点分别与第一金属分支及第二金属分支的端点相连。Further, the two ends of each first metal branch and each second metal branch of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure are also connected to identical third metal branches, and the midpoints of the corresponding third metal branches are respectively It is connected with the terminals of the first metal branch and the second metal branch.
进一步地，所述平面雪花状的金属微结构的第一金属线与第二金属线均设置有两个弯折部，所述平面雪花状的金属微结构绕第一金属线与第二金属线的交点在金属微结构所处平面内向任意方向旋转90度的图形都与原图重合。Further, the first metal wire and the second metal wire of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure are both provided with two bending parts, and the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure wraps around the first metal wire and the second metal wire The graphs of the intersection points rotated 90 degrees in any direction in the plane where the metal microstructure is located coincide with the original graph.
根据本发明的动中通天线，通过精确设计每一块超材料平板的折射率分布，使得特定角度的平面波经超材料平板后能够在对应的馈源处汇聚，因此可以由四个片状的超材料平板组合代替传统的抛物面天线，制造加工更加容易，成本更加低廉，另外依此设计的超材料平板整体厚度在毫米级别，该动中通天线整体较轻。According to the mobile communication antenna of the present invention, by precisely designing the refractive index distribution of each metamaterial slab, the plane wave at a specific angle can converge at the corresponding feed source after passing through the metamaterial slab. The material plate combination replaces the traditional parabolic antenna, which is easier to manufacture and process, and the cost is lower. In addition, the overall thickness of the metamaterial plate designed according to this method is at the millimeter level, and the overall communication antenna is lighter.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种实施例中超材料平板与其对应的馈源的相对位置示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of a metamaterial plate and its corresponding feed source in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明的核心层片层其中一个超材料单元的透视示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of one of the metamaterial units in the core layer of the present invention;
图3是本发明的核心层片层的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the core layer sheet of the present invention;
图4是本发明的阻抗匹配层片层的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the impedance matching layer of the present invention;
图5是本发明的平面雪花状的金属微结构的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the metal microstructure of plane snowflake shape of the present invention;
图6是图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构的一种衍生结构；Fig. 6 is a kind of derivation structure of the metal microstructure of plane snowflake shape shown in Fig. 5;
图7是图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构的一种变形结构。FIG. 7 is a deformed structure of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 .
图8是平面雪花状的金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变的第一阶段；Figure 8 is the first stage of the evolution of the topological shape of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure;
图9是平面雪花状的金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变的第二阶段；Figure 9 is the second stage of the evolution of the topological shape of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure;
图10是本发明另一种实施例中超材料平板与其对应的馈源的相对位置示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of the metamaterial plate and its corresponding feed source in another embodiment of the present invention;
图11是本发明动中通天线的结构示意图；Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna in motion of the present invention;
图12是本发明动中通天线在车辆上的安装结构示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the mobile communication antenna in the vehicle according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1、图11及图12所示，本发明的所述动中通天线DZT装载在移动载体YDT(例如车辆、船舶、飞机)的顶部位置，其包括呈漏斗状的超材料结构JG，所述超材料结构JG由四个相同的呈梯形的超材料平板100拼装形成，每一超材料平板100对应一个馈源1。超材料结构JG的深度(即超材料结构JG上开口SK到下开口XK的距离)可以调节，在初始位置超材料结构JG的深度和与要通信的地球同步卫星以及移动载体所处的位置有关(其深度其实是确定了每个超材料平板100的仰角)，优选地在初始位置超材料结构JG的深度如此设置，即使得其中一个超材料平板正对所要通信的卫星(即该卫星发出的电磁波在到达地面时垂直射在超材料平板上)，因为大部分情况下移动载体是平稳运行的，这样大部分时间动中通天线不需要移动即可保持与所选卫星的通信，当地面不平时或者移动载体转向时，通过调节超材料结构JG的深度以及超材料结构JG的方位(即小角度旋转超材料结构JG)使得总有一个超材料平板正对所要通信的卫星，保证通信的持续性。本发明中，所述馈源1为传统的波纹喇叭，例如同洲电子的CL11R一体化高频头。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, the communication-in-motion antenna DZT of the present invention is loaded on the top position of a mobile carrier YDT (such as a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft), which includes a funnel-shaped metamaterial structure JG, The metamaterial structure JG is formed by assembling four identical trapezoidal metamaterial plates 100 , and each metamaterial plate 100 corresponds to a feed source 1 . The depth of the metamaterial structure JG (that is, the distance from the upper opening SK to the lower opening XK of the metamaterial structure JG) can be adjusted, and the depth of the metamaterial structure JG at the initial position is related to the position of the geosynchronous satellite and the mobile carrier to be communicated (Its depth has actually determined the elevation angle of each metamaterial flat panel 100), preferably the depth of the metamaterial structure JG at the initial position is set in such a way that one of the metamaterial flat panels faces the satellite to be communicated (that is, the satellite sent by the satellite) When the electromagnetic wave reaches the ground, it shoots vertically on the metamaterial plate), because the mobile carrier is running smoothly in most cases, so most of the time the mobile communication antenna does not need to move to maintain communication with the selected satellite. Usually or when the mobile carrier is turning, by adjusting the depth of the metamaterial structure JG and the orientation of the metamaterial structure JG (that is, rotating the metamaterial structure JG at a small angle), there is always a metamaterial plate facing the satellite to be communicated to ensure the continuity of communication sex. In the present invention, the feed source 1 is a traditional corrugated horn, such as the CL11R integrated tuner of Coship Electronics.
超材料结构JG的深度调节以及超材料结构JG的方位调节通过伺服系统CF实现。该伺服系统CF的功用如下：The depth adjustment of the metamaterial structure JG and the orientation adjustment of the metamaterial structure JG are realized by the servo system CF. The functions of the servo system CF are as follows:
(1)调节超材料结构JG的深度，即调节动中通天线的仰角；(1) Adjust the depth of the metamaterial structure JG, that is, adjust the elevation angle of the antenna in motion;
(2)调节超材料结构JG的方位，即调节动中通天线的方位角。(2) Adjust the azimuth of the metamaterial structure JG, that is, adjust the azimuth angle of the antenna in motion.
上述的两个功用使得移动载体不管在何种运动状态下，总有一个超材料平板是正对卫星的，保证了通信的持续性，并且由于在四个方位都有超材料平板，因此动中通天线只需要小角度的旋转，通过控制可以选择最小角度的旋转，因此对伺服系统的要求不高。The above two functions make the mobile carrier always have a metamaterial plate facing the satellite no matter what kind of motion state it is in, which ensures the continuity of communication. The antenna only needs a small angle of rotation, and the minimum angle of rotation can be selected through control, so the requirements for the servo system are not high.
具有上述功能的伺服系统现有技术中已经存在很多，其不是本发明的核心，并且本领域的技术人员根据上述文字描述可以很容易地制作出具有类似功能的伺服系统，此处不再详述。There are many servo systems with the above functions in the prior art, which are not the core of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can easily make servo systems with similar functions according to the above text description, and will not be described in detail here .
另外，如图12所示，为了对动中通天线DZT进行保护(防水、防晒等)，动中通天线的外部还可以罩一个天线罩TXZ，例如半球形的天线罩。In addition, as shown in FIG. 12 , in order to protect the mobile communication antenna DZT (waterproof, sun protection, etc.), the mobile communication antenna can also be covered with a radome TXZ, such as a hemispherical radome.
如图1至图4所示，本发明的一个实施例中，所述超材料平板100的下边沿(即梯形的短边)与馈源1的上端处于同一水平，所述超材料平板100包括核心层10、设置在核心层一侧表面上的反射层200及设置在核心层10另一侧表面的阻抗匹配层20，所述核心层10包括一个核心层片层11或多个厚度相同且折射率分布相同的核心层片层11，所述核心层片层包括片状的第一基材13以及设置在第一基材13上的多个第一人造微结构12，所述阻抗匹配层20包括一个阻抗匹配层片层21或多个厚度相同的阻抗匹配层片层21，所述阻抗匹配层片层21包括片状的第二基材23以及设置在第二基材上的多个第二人造微结构，馈源中轴线Z1与超材料平板100的中轴线Z2具有一定的夹角θ，即图1中的中轴线Z1与直线Z3的夹角(Z3为Z1的平行线)，馈源1不在超材料平板100的中轴线Z2上，实现了天线的偏馈。另外馈源为传统的波纹喇叭。另外，本发明中，反射层为具有光滑的表面的金属反射层，例如可以是抛光的铜板、铝板或铁板等，也可是PEC(理想电导体)反射面，当然也可以是金属涂层。本发明中，所述超材料平板100任一纵截面具有相同的形状与面积，此处的纵截面是指超材料平板中与超材料平板的中轴线垂直的剖面。所述超材料平板的纵截面为梯形，更为具体地，是底角为45度夹角的等腰梯形。阻抗匹配层的作用是实现从空气到核心层10的阻抗匹配，以减少空气与超材料相接处的电磁波反射，降低电磁波能量的损失，提高卫星电视信号强度。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, the lower edge (ie, the short side of the trapezoid) of the metamaterial flat panel 100 is at the same level as the upper end of the feed source 1, and the metamaterial flat panel 100 includes The core layer 10, the reflective layer 200 disposed on one side of the core layer and the impedance matching layer 20 disposed on the other side of the core layer 10, the core layer 10 includes a core layer 11 or a plurality of layers with the same thickness and The core layer sheet 11 with the same refractive index distribution, the core layer sheet includes a sheet-shaped first substrate 13 and a plurality of first artificial microstructures 12 arranged on the first substrate 13, the impedance matching layer 20 includes an impedance matching layer 21 or a plurality of impedance matching layers 21 with the same thickness, and the impedance matching layer 21 includes a sheet-shaped second substrate 23 and a plurality of In the second artificial microstructure, the central axis Z1 of the feed source and the central axis Z2 of the metamaterial plate 100 have a certain angle θ, that is, the angle between the central axis Z1 and the straight line Z3 in Figure 1 (Z3 is a parallel line to Z1), The feed source 1 is not on the central axis Z2 of the metamaterial slab 100, which realizes the off-feed of the antenna. In addition, the feed source is a traditional corrugated horn. In addition, in the present invention, the reflective layer is a metal reflective layer with a smooth surface, for example, it can be a polished copper plate, aluminum plate or iron plate, etc., it can also be a PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor) reflective surface, and it can certainly be a metal coating. In the present invention, any longitudinal section of the metamaterial slab 100 has the same shape and area, and the longitudinal section here refers to the section perpendicular to the central axis of the metamaterial slab. The longitudinal section of the metamaterial flat plate is a trapezoid, more specifically, an isosceles trapezoid with a base angle of 45 degrees. The function of the impedance matching layer is to realize the impedance matching from the air to the core layer 10, so as to reduce the electromagnetic wave reflection at the junction between the air and the metamaterial, reduce the loss of electromagnetic wave energy, and improve the satellite TV signal strength.
本发明中，所述核心层片层的折射率分布满足如下公式：In the present invention, the refractive index distribution of the core layer sheet satisfies the following formula:
Vseg＝s+λ×NUMseg (2)；Vseg=s+λ×NUMseg (2);
其中，n(r)表示核心层片层上半径为r处的折射率值；核心层片层的折射率分布圆心O1即为馈源等效点X在超材料平板外侧表面所在平面的投影，所述圆心O1与超材料平板的下边沿(梯形短边)相距sy，更为优选地，圆心O1与超材料平板的下边沿中点的连线垂直超材料平板的下边沿；Among them, n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer sheet; the center O1 of the refractive index distribution circle of the core layer sheet is the projection of the equivalent point X of the feed source on the plane where the outer surface of the metamaterial flat plate is located, The distance sy between the center of circle O1 and the lower edge of the metamaterial flat plate (trapezoid short side), more preferably, the line between the center of circle O1 and the midpoint of the lower edge of the metamaterial flat plate is vertical to the lower edge of the metamaterial flat plate;
s为馈源等效点X到超材料平板的垂直距离；此处馈源的等效点X实际上就是天线的馈点(电磁波在馈源中发生聚焦的点)；馈源中轴线Z1与超材料平板100的中轴线Z2的夹角θ发生变化时，s也会发生细微变化。s is the vertical distance from the feed equivalent point X to the metamaterial flat plate; the equivalent point X of the feed here is actually the feed point of the antenna (the point where electromagnetic waves focus in the feed); the central axis Z1 of the feed and When the included angle θ of the central axis Z2 of the metamaterial slab 100 changes, s also changes slightly.
nmax表示核心层片层的折射率的最大值；nmax represents the maximum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;
nmin表示核心层片层的折射率的最小值；nmin represents the minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;
λ表示频率为天线中心频率的电磁波的波长；λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is the center frequency of the antenna;
D为超材料平板的等效厚度，本实施例中，优选地，等效厚度D等于阻抗匹配层的厚度加上两倍的核心层的厚度；核心层片层与阻抗匹配层片层的数量可以根据不同需要设定，例如，可以是三个核心层片层，六个阻抗匹配层片层；也可是两个核心层片层，四个阻抗匹配层片层；也可是两个核心层片层，三个阻抗匹配层片层；也可是两个核心层片层，两个阻抗匹配层片层；也可是一个核心层片层，一个阻抗匹配层片层；D is the equivalent thickness of metamaterial flat plate, in the present embodiment, preferably, equivalent thickness D is equal to the thickness of impedance matching layer plus twice the thickness of core layer; the number of core layer sheets and impedance matching layer sheets It can be set according to different needs, for example, it can be three core layers and six impedance matching layers; it can also be two core layers and four impedance matching layers; it can also be two core layers Layer, three impedance matching layers; also two core layers, two impedance matching layers; or one core layer, one impedance matching layer;
floor表示向下取整，例如，当(r处于某一数值范围)大于等于0小于1时，NUMseg取0，当(r处于某一数值范围)大于等于1小于2时，NUMseg取1，依此类推。floor represents rounding down, for example, when (r is in a certain value range) greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, NUMseg takes 0, when (r is in a certain value range) When it is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2, NUMseg takes 1, and so on.
由公式(1)至公式(4)所确定的超材料平板，能够使得馈源发出的电磁波经超材料平板后能够以平面波的形式出射；同样，如图1所示，由公式(1)至公式(4)所确定的超材料平板，能够使得卫星发出的电磁波(到达地面时可认为是平面波)经超材料平板后能够在馈源的等效点X处发生汇聚；当然，在接收卫星天线信号时，超材料平板的法线方向是朝向所要接收的卫星的，至于如何使得超材料平板的法线方向朝向所要接收信号的卫星，则涉及到传统的卫星天线调试的问题，即关于天线方位角与俯仰角的调节，其通过伺服系统均可以实现，其均为公知常识，此处不再述说。The metamaterial plate determined by formula (1) to formula (4) can make the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source exit in the form of a plane wave after passing through the metamaterial plate; similarly, as shown in Figure 1, from formula (1) to The metamaterial slab determined by formula (4) can make the electromagnetic waves emitted by the satellite (which can be regarded as plane waves when reaching the ground) converge at the equivalent point X of the feed source after passing through the metamaterial slab; of course, in the receiving satellite antenna When receiving a signal, the normal direction of the metamaterial slab faces the satellite to be received. As for how to make the normal direction of the metamaterial slab face the satellite to receive the signal, it involves the problem of traditional satellite antenna debugging, that is, the antenna orientation The adjustment of the angle and the pitch angle can be realized by the servo system, which is common knowledge and will not be described here.
本实施例中，如图3所示，所述第一基材13包括片状的第一前基板131及第一后基板132，所述多个第一人造微结构12夹设在第一前基板131与第一后基板132之间。所述核心层片层的厚度为0.5-2mm，其中，第一前基板的厚度为0.5-1mm，第一后基板的厚度为0.5-1mm，多个第一人造微结构的厚度为0.01-0.5mm。优选地，所述核心层片层的厚度为0.543mm，其中，第一前基板及第一后基板的厚度均为0.254mm，多个第一人造微结构的厚度为0.035mm。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the first substrate 13 includes a sheet-shaped first front substrate 131 and a first rear substrate 132, and the plurality of first artificial microstructures 12 are sandwiched between the first front substrate 131 and the first rear substrate 132. between the substrate 131 and the first rear substrate 132 . The thickness of the core layer sheet is 0.5-2mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.5-1mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01-0.5 mm. Preferably, the core layer has a thickness of 0.543mm, wherein the first front substrate and the first rear substrate both have a thickness of 0.254mm, and the plurality of first artificial microstructures have a thickness of 0.035mm.
本实施例中，所述一个或多个阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布满足如下公式：In this embodiment, the refractive index distribution of the one or more impedance matching layers satisfies the following formula:
其中，ni(r)表示阻抗匹配层片层上半径为r处的折射率值，阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布圆心即为馈源等效点在相应的阻抗匹配层片层外侧表面所在平面的投影，优选地，阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布圆心与核心层片层的折射率分布圆心的连线垂直超材料平板；Among them, ni (r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the impedance matching layer, and the center of the refractive index distribution circle of the impedance matching layer is the equivalent point of the feed source on the outer surface of the corresponding impedance matching layer The projection of the plane where it is located, preferably, the line between the center of the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer and the center of the refractive index distribution of the core layer is a vertical metamaterial flat plate;
其中，i表示阻抗匹配层片层的编号，靠近馈源的阻抗匹配层片层的编号为m，由馈源向核心层方向，编号依次减小，靠近核心层的阻抗匹配层片层的编号为1；Among them, i represents the number of the impedance matching layer, the number of the impedance matching layer near the feed source is m, and the number decreases in turn from the feed source to the core layer, and the number of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is 1;
此处的n(r)表示核心层片层上半径为r处的折射率值；Here n(r) represents the refractive index value at the radius r on the core layer sheet;
上述的nmax、nmin分别与核心层片层的折射率的最大值、最小值相同；The above nmax and nmin are respectively the same as the maximum value and minimum value of the refractive index of the core layer sheet;
具体地，例如m＝2，则由公式(5)所限定的阻抗匹配层，靠近核心层的阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布为：Specifically, for example, m=2, then the impedance matching layer defined by formula (5), the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is:
靠近馈源的阻抗匹配层其折射率分布为：The refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the feed source is:
n2(r)＝nmin；n2 (r) = nmin ;
当然，阻抗匹配层并不限于此，所述每一阻抗匹配层片层也可以具有单一的折射率，所述一个或多个阻抗匹配层片层的折射率满足以下公式：Of course, the impedance matching layer is not limited thereto, and each of the impedance matching layer sheets may also have a single refractive index, and the refractive index of the one or more impedance matching layer sheets satisfies the following formula:
其中，m表示阻抗匹配层的总层数，i表示阻抗匹配层片层的编号，其中，靠近核心层的阻抗匹配层片层的编号为m，上述的nmax、nmin分别与核心层片层的折射率的最大值、最小值相同。Among them, m represents the total number of layers of the impedance matching layer, and i represents the numbering of the impedance matching layer, wherein the numbering of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is m, and the above nmax and nmin are respectively related to the core layer The maximum value and the minimum value of the refractive index of the layer are the same.
具体地，例如m＝2，则由公式(6)所限定的阻抗匹配层，靠近核心层的阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布为：Specifically, for example, m=2, then the impedance matching layer defined by formula (6), the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer near the core layer is:
n(2)＝(nmax+nmin)/2；n(2)=(nmax +nmin )/2;
靠近馈源的阻抗匹配层其折射率分布为：The refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer close to the feed source is:
本发明中，所述第二基材23包括片状的第二前基板231及第二后基板232，所述多个第二人造微结构夹设在第二前基板231与第二后基板232之间。所述阻抗匹配层片层的厚度为0.21-2.5mm，其中，第一前基板的厚度为0.1-1mm，第一后基板的厚度为0.1-1mm，多个第一人造微结构的厚度为0.01-0.5mm。优选地，所述阻抗匹配层片层的厚度为0.543mm，其中，第二前基板及第二后基板的厚度均为0.254mm，多个第二人造微结构的厚度为0.035mm。In the present invention, the second substrate 23 includes a sheet-shaped second front substrate 231 and a second rear substrate 232, and the plurality of second artificial microstructures are sandwiched between the second front substrate 231 and the second rear substrate 232. between. The thickness of the impedance matching layer is 0.21-2.5 mm, wherein the thickness of the first front substrate is 0.1-1 mm, the thickness of the first rear substrate is 0.1-1 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of first artificial microstructures is 0.01 mm. -0.5mm. Preferably, the thickness of the impedance matching layer is 0.543 mm, wherein the thickness of the second front substrate and the second rear substrate are both 0.254 mm, and the thickness of the plurality of second artificial microstructures is 0.035 mm.
本实施例中，所述超材料平板任一纵截面具有相同的形状与面积，即核心层与匹配层具有相同的形状与面积的纵截面，此处的纵截面是指超材料平板中与超材料平板的中轴线垂直的剖面。所述超材料平板的纵截面为梯形，更为具体地，是底角为45度夹角的等腰梯形。In this embodiment, any longitudinal section of the metamaterial flat plate has the same shape and area, that is, the core layer and the matching layer have the same shape and area. A section perpendicular to the central axis of a slab of material. The longitudinal section of the metamaterial flat plate is a trapezoid, more specifically, an isosceles trapezoid with a base angle of 45 degrees.
馈源等效点X与超材料平板的相对位置由s、θ及sy共同确定，通常，馈源等效点是选在馈源中轴线Z1上，馈源等效点的位置与馈源的口径有关，例如可以是与馈源口径中点Y相距ds的位置(ds即为图1中的X点到Y点的距离)，作为一个实施例，所述ds等于5mm，实际上在设计中，ds与θ有关，随着θ的不同，馈源等效点X位置也不同，即ds有所不同，但是，馈源等效点仍然在馈源中轴线Z1上。The relative position of the feed equivalent point X and the metamaterial plate is jointly determined by s, θ and sy. Usually, the feed equivalent point is selected on the feed central axis Z1, and the position of the feed equivalent point is the same as that of the feed related to the aperture, for example, it can be the position ds away from the midpoint Y of the feed aperture (ds is the distance from point X to point Y in Figure 1), as an example, the ds is equal to 5mm, actually in the design , ds is related to θ. With the difference of θ, the position of the equivalent point X of the feed source is also different, that is, ds is different, but the equivalent point of the feed source is still on the central axis Z1 of the feed source.
本实施例中，所述第一人造微结构、第二人造微结构均为由铜线或银线构成的金属微结构，所述金属微结构通过蚀刻、电镀、钻刻、光刻、电子刻或离子刻的方法分别附着在第一基材、第二基材。优选地，所述第一人造微结构、第二人造微结构均为图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构通过拓扑形状演变得到的多个不同的拓扑形状的金属微结构。In this embodiment, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures composed of copper wires or silver wires, and the metal microstructures are formed by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electronic engraving, etc. Or the method of ion etching is respectively attached to the first substrate and the second substrate. Preferably, the first artificial microstructure and the second artificial microstructure are metal microstructures of multiple different topological shapes obtained by evolution of the planar snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 through topological shape.
本实施例中，核心层片层可以通过如下方法得到，即在第一前基板与第一后基板的任意一个的表面上覆铜，再通过蚀刻的方法得到多个第一金属微结构(多个第一金属微结构的形状与排布事先通过计算机仿真获得)，最后将第一前基板与第一后基板分别压合在一起，即得到本发明的核心层片层，压合的方法可以是直接热压，也可以是利用热熔胶连接，当然也可是其它机械式的连接，例如螺栓连接。In this embodiment, the core layer can be obtained by covering copper on the surface of any one of the first front substrate and the first rear substrate, and then obtaining a plurality of first metal microstructures (multiple first metal microstructures) by etching. The shape and arrangement of the first metal microstructure are obtained by computer simulation in advance), and finally the first front substrate and the first rear substrate are respectively pressed together to obtain the core layer of the present invention. The method of pressing can be It can be directly hot pressed, can also be connected by hot melt adhesive, and of course can also be connected by other mechanical methods, such as bolted connection.
同理，阻抗匹配层片层也可以利用相同的方法得到。然后分别将多个核心层片层压合一体，即形成了本发明的核心层；同样，将多个阻抗匹配层片层压合一体，即形成了本发明的阻抗匹配层；将核心层、阻抗匹配层、反射层压合一体即得到本发明的超材料平板。Similarly, the impedance matching layer can also be obtained by the same method. Then a plurality of core layers are laminated together to form the core layer of the present invention; similarly, a plurality of impedance matching layers are laminated to form the impedance matching layer of the present invention; the core layer, The impedance matching layer and the reflective layer are laminated together to obtain the metamaterial flat plate of the present invention.
本实施例中，所述第一基材、第二基材由陶瓷材料、高分子材料、铁电材料、铁氧材料或铁磁材料等制得。高分子材料可选用的有F4B复合材料、FR-4复合材料等。In this embodiment, the first substrate and the second substrate are made of ceramic materials, polymer materials, ferroelectric materials, ferrite materials or ferromagnetic materials. Polymer materials can be selected from F4B composite materials, FR-4 composite materials, etc.
图5所示为平面雪花状的金属微结构的示意图，所述的雪花状的金属微结构具有相互垂直平分的第一金属线J1及第二金属线J2，所述第一金属线J1与第二金属线J2的长度相同，所述第一金属线J1两端连接有相同长度的两个第一金属分支F1，所述第一金属线J1两端连接在两个第一金属分支F1的中点上，所述第二金属线J2两端连接有相同长度的两个第二金属分支F2，所述第二金属线J2两端连接在两个第二金属分支F2的中点上，所述第一金属分支F1与第二金属分支F2的长度相等。5 is a schematic diagram of a plane snowflake-shaped metal microstructure. The snowflake-shaped metal microstructure has a first metal line J1 and a second metal line J2 that are perpendicular to each other. The lengths of the two metal wires J2 are the same, and the two ends of the first metal wire J1 are connected to two first metal branches F1 of the same length, and the two ends of the first metal wire J1 are connected to the center of the two first metal branches F1. In terms of point, the two ends of the second metal line J2 are connected to two second metal branches F2 of the same length, and the two ends of the second metal line J2 are connected to the midpoint of the two second metal branches F2. The lengths of the first metal branch F1 and the second metal branch F2 are equal.
图6是图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构的一种衍生结构。其在每个第一金属分支F1及每个第二金属分支F2的两端均连接有完全相同的第三金属分支F3，并且相应的第三金属分支F3的中点分别与第一金属分支F1及第二金属分支F2的端点相连。依此类推，本发明还可以衍生出其它形式的金属微结构。FIG. 6 is a derivative structure of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure shown in FIG. 5 . Both ends of each first metal branch F1 and each second metal branch F2 are connected to identical third metal branches F3, and the midpoints of the corresponding third metal branches F3 are respectively connected to the first metal branch F1. and the terminal of the second metal branch F2 are connected. By analogy, the present invention can also derive other forms of metal microstructures.
图7是图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构的一种变形结构，此种结构的金属微结构，第一金属线J1与第二金属线J2不是直线，而是弯折线，第一金属线J1与第二金属线J2均设置有两个弯折部WZ，但是第一金属线J1与第二金属线J2仍然是垂直平分，通过设置弯折部的朝向与弯折部在第一金属线与第二金属线上的相对位置，使得图7所示的金属微结构绕垂直于第一金属线与第二金属线交点的轴线向任意方向旋转90度的图形都与原图重合。另外，还可以有其它变形，例如，第一金属线J1与第二金属线J2均设置多个弯折部WZ。FIG. 7 is a deformed structure of the plane snowflake-shaped metal microstructure shown in FIG. Both the metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 are provided with two bending parts WZ, but the first metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 are still perpendicularly bisected. The relative position of the metal line and the second metal line makes the pattern of the metal microstructure shown in FIG. 7 rotated 90 degrees in any direction around the axis perpendicular to the intersection of the first metal line and the second metal line coincide with the original figure. In addition, other deformations are also possible, for example, the first metal line J1 and the second metal line J2 are both provided with a plurality of bent portions WZ.
本实施例中，所述核心层片层11可以划分为阵列排布的多个如图2所示的超材料单元D，每个超材料单元D包括前基板单元U、后基板单元V及设置在基板单元U、后基板单元V之间的第一人造微结构12，通常超材料单元D的长宽高均不大于五分之一波长，优选为十分之一波长，因此，根据天线的工作频率可以确定超材料单元D的尺寸。图2为透视的画法，以表示第一人造微结构的超材料单元D中的位置，如图2所示，所述第一人造微结构夹于基板单元U、后基板单元V之间，其所在表面用SR表示。In this embodiment, the core layer sheet 11 can be divided into a plurality of metamaterial units D as shown in FIG. 2 arranged in an array, and each metamaterial unit D includes a front substrate unit U, a rear substrate unit V and a For the first artificial microstructure 12 between the substrate unit U and the rear substrate unit V, usually the length, width and height of the metamaterial unit D are not greater than one-fifth of the wavelength, preferably one-tenth of the wavelength. Therefore, according to the antenna The operating frequency can determine the size of the metamaterial unit D. Fig. 2 is a perspective drawing, to represent the position in the metamaterial unit D of the first artificial microstructure, as shown in Fig. 2, the first artificial microstructure is sandwiched between the substrate unit U and the rear substrate unit V, The surface on which it is located is represented by SR.
已知折射率其中μ为相对磁导率，ε为相对介电常数，μ与ε合称为电磁参数。实验证明，电磁波通过折射率非均匀的介质材料时，会向折射率大的方向偏折。在相对磁导率一定的情况下(通常接近1)，折射率只与介电常数有关，在第一基材选定的情况下，利用只对电场响应的第一人造微结构可以实现超材料单元折射率的任意值(在一定范围内)，在该天线中心频率下，利用仿真软件，如CST、MATLAB、COMSOL等，通过仿真获得某一特定形状的人造微结构(如图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构)的介电常数随着拓扑形状的变化折射率变化的情况，即可列出一一对应的数据，即可设计出我们需要的特定折射率分布的核心层片层11，同理可以得到阻抗匹配层片层的折射率分布。known refractive index Among them, μ is the relative magnetic permeability, ε is the relative permittivity, and μ and ε are collectively called electromagnetic parameters. Experiments have proved that when electromagnetic waves pass through a dielectric material with a non-uniform refractive index, they will be deflected toward the direction with a large refractive index. In the case of a certain relative magnetic permeability (usually close to 1), the refractive index is only related to the dielectric constant. In the case of the first substrate selected, metamaterials can be realized by using the first artificial microstructure that only responds to the electric field. Any value of the unit refractive index (within a certain range), under the center frequency of the antenna, use simulation software, such as CST, MATLAB, COMSOL, etc., to obtain an artificial microstructure of a specific shape through simulation (as shown in Figure 5 Planar snowflake-like metal microstructure) dielectric constant changes with the change of topological shape, the corresponding data can be listed, and the core layer of the specific refractive index distribution we need can be designed 11. Similarly, the refractive index distribution of the impedance matching layer can be obtained.
本实施例中，核心层片层的结构设计可通过计算机仿真(CST仿真)得到，具体如下：In this embodiment, the structural design of the core layer sheet can be obtained by computer simulation (CST simulation), as follows:
(1)确定第一金属微结构的附着基材(第一基材)。例如介电常数为2.25的介质基板，介质基板的材料可以是FR-4、F4b或PS。(1) Determine the attachment substrate (first substrate) of the first metal microstructure. For example, a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.25, the material of the dielectric substrate can be FR-4, F4b or PS.
(2)确定超材料单元的尺寸。超材料单元的尺寸的尺寸由天线的中心频率得到，利用频率得到其波长，再取小于波长的五分之一的一个数值做为超材料单元D的长度CD与宽度KD。例如对应于11.95G的天线中心频率，所述超材料单元D为如图2所示的长CD与宽KD均为2.8mm、厚度HD为0.543mm的方形小板。(2) Determine the size of the metamaterial unit. The size of the metamaterial unit is obtained from the center frequency of the antenna, its wavelength is obtained by using the frequency, and a value less than one-fifth of the wavelength is taken as the length CD and width KD of the metamaterial unit D. For example, corresponding to the antenna center frequency of 11.95G, the metamaterial unit D is a small square plate with a length CD and a width KD of 2.8 mm and a thickness HD of 0.543 mm as shown in FIG. 2 .
(3)确定金属微结构的材料及拓扑结构。本发明中，金属微结构的材料为铜，金属微结构的拓扑结构为图5所示的平面雪花状的金属微结构，其线宽W各处一致；此处的拓扑结构，是指拓扑形状演变的基本形状。(3) Determine the material and topology of the metal microstructure. In the present invention, the material of the metal microstructure is copper, and the topological structure of the metal microstructure is a plane snowflake-like metal microstructure shown in Figure 5, and its line width W is consistent everywhere; the topological structure here refers to the topological shape Evolved basic shapes.
(4)确定金属微结构的拓扑形状参数。如图5所示，本发明中，平面雪花状的金属微结构的拓扑形状参数包括金属微结构的线宽W，第一金属线J1的长度a，第一金属分支F1的长度b。(4) Determine the topological shape parameters of the metal microstructure. As shown in FIG. 5 , in the present invention, the topological shape parameters of the planar snowflake-like metal microstructure include the line width W of the metal microstructure, the length a of the first metal line J1 , and the length b of the first metal branch F1 .
(5)确定金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变限制条件。本发明中，金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变限制条件有，金属微结构之间的最小间距WL(即如图5所示，金属微结构与超材料单元的长边或宽边的距离为WL/2)，金属微结构的线宽W，超材料单元的尺寸；由于加工工艺限制，WL大于等于0.1mm，同样，线宽W也是要大于等于0.1mm。第一次仿真时，WL可以取0.1mm，W可以取0.3mm，超材料单元的尺寸为长与宽为2.8mm，厚度为0.543mm，此时金属微结构的拓扑形状参数只有a和b两个变量。金属微结构的拓扑形状通过如图7至图8所示的演变方式，对应于某一特定频率(例如11.95GHZ)，可以得到一个连续的折射率变化范围。(5) Determine the evolution constraints of the topological shape of the metal microstructure. In the present invention, the evolution restriction condition of the topological shape of the metal microstructure has, the minimum spacing WL between metal microstructures (that is, as shown in Figure 5, the distance between the metal microstructure and the long side or wide side of the metamaterial unit is WL /2), the line width W of the metal microstructure, and the size of the metamaterial unit; due to the limitation of the processing technology, WL is greater than or equal to 0.1mm, and similarly, the line width W must also be greater than or equal to 0.1mm. In the first simulation, WL can be 0.1mm, W can be 0.3mm, the size of the metamaterial unit is 2.8mm in length and width, and the thickness is 0.543mm. At this time, the topological shape parameters of the metal microstructure are only a and b. variables. The topological shape of the metal microstructure corresponds to a specific frequency (for example, 11.95GHZ) through the evolution shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 8, and a continuous range of refractive index variation can be obtained.
具体地，所述金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变包括两个阶段(拓扑形状演变的基本形状为图5所示的金属微结构)：Specifically, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure includes two stages (the basic shape of the topological shape evolution is the metal microstructure shown in Figure 5):
第一阶段：根据演变限制条件，在b值保持不变的情况下，将a值从最小值变化到最大值，此演变过程中的金属微结构均为“十”字形(a取最小值时除外)。本实施例中，a的最小值即为0.3mm(线宽W)，a的最大值为(CD-WL)。因此，在第一阶段中，金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变如图8所示，即从边长为W的正方形JX1，逐渐演变成最大的“十”字形拓扑形状JD1。在第一阶段中，随着金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变，与其对应的超材料单元的折射率连续增大(对应天线一特定频率)。The first stage: According to the evolution constraints, under the condition that the value of b remains unchanged, the value of a is changed from the minimum value to the maximum value. except). In this embodiment, the minimum value of a is 0.3 mm (line width W), and the maximum value of a is (CD-WL). Therefore, in the first stage, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure is shown in Figure 8, that is, it gradually evolves from a square JX1 with side length W to the largest topological shape JD1 of a "cross". In the first stage, as the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves, the refractive index of the corresponding metamaterial unit increases continuously (corresponding to a specific frequency of the antenna).
第二阶段：根据演变限制条件，当a增加到最大值时，a保持不变；此时，将b从最小值连续增加到最大值，此演变过程中的金属微结构均为平面雪花状。本实施例中，b的最小值即为0.3mm，b的最大值为(CD-WL-2W)。因此，在第二阶段中，金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变如图9所示，即从最大的“十”字形拓扑形状JD1，逐渐演变成最大的平面雪花状的拓扑形状JD2，此处的最大的平面雪花状的拓扑形状JD2是指，第一金属分支J1与第二金属分支J2的长度b已经不能再伸长，否则第一金属分支与第二金属分支将发生相交。在第二阶段中，随着金属微结构的拓扑形状的演变，与其对应的超材料单元的折射率连续增大(对应天线一特定频率)。The second stage: According to the evolution constraints, when a increases to the maximum value, a remains unchanged; at this time, b is continuously increased from the minimum value to the maximum value, and the metal microstructure in this evolution process is planar snowflake shape. In this embodiment, the minimum value of b is 0.3 mm, and the maximum value of b is (CD-WL-2W). Therefore, in the second stage, the evolution of the topological shape of the metal microstructure is shown in Fig. 9, that is, from the largest "ten" topological shape JD1 to the largest planar snowflake-like topological shape JD2, where The largest planar snowflake topological shape JD2 means that the length b of the first metal branch J1 and the second metal branch J2 can no longer be extended, otherwise the first metal branch and the second metal branch will intersect. In the second stage, as the topological shape of the metal microstructure evolves, the refractive index of the corresponding metamaterial unit increases continuously (corresponding to a specific frequency of the antenna).
通过上述演变得到超材料单元的折射率变化范围如果满足设计需要(即此变化范围包含了nmin-nmax的范围)。如果上述演变得到超材料单元的折射率变化范围不满足设计需要，例如最大值太小，则变动WL与W，重新仿真，直到得到我们需要的折射率变化范围。If the change range of the refractive index of the metamaterial unit meets the design requirements through the above evolution (that is, the change range includes the range of nmin -nmax ). If the range of refractive index variation obtained from the above evolution does not meet the design requirements, for example, the maximum value is too small, then change WL and W, and re-simulate until the range of refractive index variation we need is obtained.
根据公式(1)至(4)，将仿真得到的一系列的超材料单元按照其对应的折射率排布以后(实际上就是不同拓扑形状的多个第一人造微结构在第一基材上的排布)，即能得到本发明的核心层片层。According to formulas (1) to (4), after a series of metamaterial units obtained by simulation are arranged according to their corresponding refractive indices (actually, a plurality of first artificial microstructures with different topological shapes on the first substrate arrangement), that is, the core layer sheet of the present invention can be obtained.
同理，根据公式(5)-(6)可以得到本发明的阻抗匹配层片层。Similarly, the impedance matching layer of the present invention can be obtained according to formulas (5)-(6).
如图10所示，本发明的另一种实施例中，所述超材料平板100不具有阻抗匹配层，其等效厚度D等于核心层厚度的两倍，其它的与上述的实施例相同。As shown in FIG. 10 , in another embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial slab 100 does not have an impedance matching layer, and its equivalent thickness D is equal to twice the thickness of the core layer. Others are the same as the above-mentioned embodiments.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.
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