技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力系统继电保护技术领域，具体地说是涉及一种利用分布参数测量阻抗幅值特性实现线路相间故障单端测距方法。The invention relates to the technical field of electric power system relay protection, in particular to a single-end ranging method for phase-to-phase faults of lines by using distributed parameters to measure impedance amplitude characteristics.
背景技术Background technique
根据电气量来源划分，故障测距方法主要分为双端测距方法和单端测距方法。双端测距方法利用输电线路两端电气量进行故障定位，需要通过数据传输通道获取对端电气量，对数据传输通道依赖性强，实际使用中还易受双端采样值同步性的影响。超高压、特高压输电线路往往是远距离输电线路，铺设测距所需的数据传输通道需要附加投资大量资金，因此，单端测距方法比双端测距方法更具实用性。单端测距方法仅利用输电线路一端电气量进行故障定位，无须通讯和数据同步设备，运行费用低且算法稳定，在高中低压输电线路中获得广泛应用。According to the division of electrical quantity sources, fault location methods are mainly divided into double-ended location methods and single-ended location methods. The double-terminal ranging method uses the electrical quantities at both ends of the transmission line to locate faults. It needs to obtain the electrical quantities at the opposite end through the data transmission channel, which is highly dependent on the data transmission channel. EHV and UHV transmission lines are often long-distance transmission lines, and the laying of data transmission channels required for distance measurement requires a large amount of additional investment. Therefore, the single-end distance measurement method is more practical than the double-end distance measurement method. The single-ended ranging method only uses the electrical quantity at one end of the transmission line for fault location, does not require communication and data synchronization equipment, has low operating costs and stable algorithms, and is widely used in high, medium and low voltage transmission lines.
目前，单端故障测距方法主要分为行波法和阻抗法。行波法利用故障暂态行波的传送性质进行单端故障测距，精度高，不受运行方式、过度电阻等影响，但对采样率要求很高，需要专门的录波装置，应用成本高。阻抗法利用故障后的电压、电流量计算故障回路阻抗，根据线路长度与阻抗成正比的特性进行单端故障测距，简单可靠,但测距精度受到过渡电阻和负荷电流等因素影响严重，尤其过渡电阻较大时，阻抗法测距结果会严重偏离真实故障距离，甚至出现测距失败。由于超高压、特高压输电线路沿线存在较大的分布电容电流，当超高压、特高压输电线路发生中高阻短路故障时，单端阻抗法测距结果会严重偏离真实故障距离，不能满足现场的应用要求。因此，采用集中参数建模的单端阻抗法不能直接应用于超高压、特高压输电线路的单端故障测距。At present, single-ended fault location methods are mainly divided into traveling wave method and impedance method. The traveling wave method utilizes the transmission properties of fault transient traveling waves to perform single-ended fault location. It has high precision and is not affected by the operation mode and excessive resistance. However, it requires a high sampling rate, requires a special wave recording device, and has high application costs. . The impedance method uses the voltage and current after the fault to calculate the fault loop impedance, and performs single-ended fault distance measurement according to the characteristic that the line length is proportional to the impedance. It is simple and reliable, but the distance measurement accuracy is seriously affected by factors such as transition resistance and load current, especially When the transition resistance is large, the ranging result of the impedance method will seriously deviate from the real fault distance, and even the ranging failure will occur. Due to the large distributed capacitive currents along the ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission lines, when a medium-high resistance short-circuit fault occurs on the ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission lines, the distance measurement results of the single-ended impedance method will seriously deviate from the real fault distance, which cannot meet the requirements of the site. application requirements. Therefore, the single-ended impedance method using lumped parameter modeling cannot be directly applied to the single-ended fault location of EHV and UHV transmission lines.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服已有技术存在的不足，提供一种测距精度不受分布电容电流、过渡电阻和负荷电流影响的利用分布参数测量阻抗幅值特性实现线路相间故障单端测距方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a single-ended distance measurement method for phase-to-phase faults of lines by using distributed parameters to measure impedance amplitude characteristics without being affected by distributed capacitance current, transition resistance and load current.
利用分布参数测量阻抗幅值特性实现线路相间故障单端测距方法，包括如下依序步骤：Using distributed parameters to measure the impedance amplitude characteristics to realize the method of single-ended fault distance measurement between phases of the line, including the following steps in sequence:
（1）保护装置测量输电线路保护安装处的故障相间电压、故障相间电流和故障相间负序电流，作为输入量；其中，φφ=AB、BC、CA相；(1) The protection device measures the fault phase-to-phase voltage at the protection installation of the transmission line , fault current between phases and negative sequence current between fault phases , as the input quantity; among them, φφ=AB, BC, CA phase;
（2）保护装置计算分布参数测量阻抗；其中，为故障相间电压；为故障相间电流；为故障相间负序电流；φφ=AB、BC、CA相；；(2) The protection device calculates the distributed parameters and measures the impedance ;in, is the fault phase-to-phase voltage; is the fault current between phases; Negative sequence current between fault phases; φφ=AB, BC, CA phases; ;
；lset为保护整定范围；；；γ1为输电线路正序传播常数，Zc1为输电线路正序波阻抗；tanh(.)为双曲正切函数； ; lset is the protection setting range; ; ; γ1 is the positive sequence propagation constant of the transmission line, Zc1 is the positive sequence wave impedance of the transmission line; tanh(.) is the hyperbolic tangent function;
（3）保护装置选取故障距离初始值为lx，计算距输电线路保护安装处lx点的分布参数阻抗幅值|Zc1tanh(γ1lx)|与分布参数测量阻抗幅值|Zφφ|二者之间差值的绝对值f(lx)：(3) The protection device selects the initial value of the fault distance as lx , and calculates the distribution parameter impedance amplitude |Zc1 tanh(γ1 lx )| of the point lx from the transmission line protection installation point and the distribution parameter measurement impedance amplitude |Zφφ |Absolute value f(lx ) of the difference between the two:
（4）故障距离以步长Δl逐次增加，返回步骤（3），依次计算输电线路上每一点的分布参数阻抗幅值|Zc1tanh(γ1lx)|与分布参数测量阻抗幅值|Zφφ|二者之间差值的绝对值f(lx)直至输电线路全长，选取f(lx)值最小的点距输电线路保护安装处的距离为故障距离。(4) The fault distance increases step by step Δl, return to step (3), and calculate the distribution parameter impedance amplitude |Zc1 tanh(γ1 lx )| and the distribution parameter measurement impedance amplitude of each point on the transmission line in turn| Zφφ |The absolute value f(lx ) of the difference between the two reaches the entire length of the transmission line, and the distance between the point with the smallest value of f(lx ) and the installation of the transmission line protection is taken as the fault distance.
本发明的特点及技术成果：Features and technical achievements of the present invention:
本发明方法物理模型采用分布参数模型，测距精度不受分布电容电流的影响，适用于任何电压等级，特别是超高压/特高压输电线路相间短路故障的单端测距。本发明方法根据输电线路相间短路故障点处对应的分布参数阻抗幅值与分布参数测量阻抗幅值二者之间差值的绝对值达到最小这一特性实现输电线路相间故障单端测距，测距精度不受过渡电阻的影响，不受负荷电流的影响，具有很高的测距精度，具有很强的实用价值。The physical model of the method of the invention adopts a distributed parameter model, and the ranging accuracy is not affected by the distributed capacitive current, and is suitable for any voltage level, especially for single-end ranging of ultra-high voltage/ultra-high voltage transmission line phase-to-phase short-circuit faults. According to the characteristic that the absolute value of the difference between the impedance amplitude of the distributed parameter corresponding to the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point of the transmission line and the measured impedance amplitude of the distribution parameter reaches the minimum, the method of the present invention realizes the single-end distance measurement of the phase-to-phase fault of the transmission line. The distance accuracy is not affected by the transition resistance and the load current. It has high distance measurement accuracy and has strong practical value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为应用本发明的线路输电系统示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a line transmission system applying the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面根据说明书附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细表述。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail according to the accompanying drawings.
图1为应用本发明的线路输电系统示意图。图1中CVT为电压互感器、CT为电流互感器。保护装置对输电线路保护安装处的电压互感器CVT的电压和电流互感器CT的电流波形进行采样得到电压、电流瞬时值，然后保护装置对采集到的电压、电流瞬时值利用傅里叶算法计算输电线路保护安装处的故障相间电压、故障相间电流和故障相间负序电流，作为输入量；其中，φφ=AB、BC、CA相。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a line transmission system applying the present invention. In Fig. 1, CVT is a voltage transformer, and CT is a current transformer. The protection device samples the voltage of the voltage transformer CVT and the current waveform of the current transformer CT at the installation place of the transmission line protection to obtain the instantaneous value of the voltage and current, and then the protection device uses the Fourier algorithm to calculate the collected instantaneous value of the voltage and current Fault phase-to-phase voltage at transmission line protection installation , fault current between phases and negative sequence current between fault phases , as the input quantity; among them, φφ=AB, BC, CA phase.
保护装置计算Zc1tanh(γ1lx)的角度；The protective device calculates the angle of Zc1 tanh(γ1 lx ) ;
保护装置计算领先的角度；Protection device calculation take the lead Angle ;
保护装置计算领先的角度；Protection device calculation take the lead Angle ;
保护装置计算的相角；Protection device calculation phase angle of ;
其中，lset为保护整定范围；γ1为输电线路正序传播常数，Zc1为输电线路正序波阻抗；tanh(.)为双曲正切函数。Among them, lset is the protection setting range; γ1 is the positive sequence propagation constant of the transmission line, Zc1 is the positive sequence wave impedance of the transmission line; tanh(.) is the hyperbolic tangent function.
保护装置计算分布参数测量阻抗。Calculation of distribution parameters of protection devices and measurement of impedance .
保护装置选取故障距离初始值为lx，计算距输电线路保护安装处lx点的分布参数阻抗幅值The protection device selects the initial value of the fault distance as lx , and calculates the distribution parameter impedance amplitude of the point lx away from the protection installation of the transmission line
|Zc1tanh(γ1lx)|与分布参数测量阻抗幅值|Zφφ|二者之间差值的绝对值f(lx)：The absolute value f(lx ) of the difference between |Zc1 tanh(γ1 lx )| and the distribution parameter measurement impedance amplitude |Zφφ |:
故障距离以步长Δl逐次增加，反复利用式（1），依次计算输电线路上每一点的分布参数阻抗幅值|Zc1tanh(γ1lx)|与分布参数测量阻抗幅值|Zφφ|二者之间差值的绝对值f(lx)直至输电线路全长，选取f(lx)值最小的点距输电线路保护安装处的距离为故障距离。The fault distance is gradually increased by the step size Δl, and the formula (1) is used repeatedly to calculate the distribution parameter impedance amplitude |Zc1 tanh(γ1 lx )| and the distribution parameter measurement impedance amplitude |Zφφ at each point on the transmission line in turn |The absolute value f(lx ) of the difference between the two reaches the full length of the transmission line, and the distance between the point with the smallest value of f(lx ) and the installation of the transmission line protection is taken as the fault distance.
本发明方法物理模型采用分布参数模型，测距精度不受分布电容电流的影响，适用于任何电压等级，特别是超高压/特高压输电线路相间短路故障的单端测距。本发明方法根据输电线路相间短路故障点处对应的分布参数阻抗幅值与分布参数测量阻抗幅值二者之间差值的绝对值达到最小这一特性实现输电线路相间故障单端测距，测距精度不受过渡电阻的影响，不受负荷电流的影响，具有很高的测距精度，具有很强的实用价值。The physical model of the method of the invention adopts a distributed parameter model, and the ranging accuracy is not affected by the distributed capacitive current, and is suitable for any voltage level, especially for single-end ranging of ultra-high voltage/ultra-high voltage transmission line phase-to-phase short-circuit faults. According to the characteristic that the absolute value of the difference between the impedance amplitude of the distributed parameter corresponding to the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point of the transmission line and the measured impedance amplitude of the distribution parameter reaches the minimum, the method of the present invention realizes the single-end distance measurement of the phase-to-phase fault of the transmission line. The distance accuracy is not affected by the transition resistance and the load current. It has high distance measurement accuracy and has strong practical value.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention , should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201310185898.XACN103293445B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Distribution parameter measurement impedance magnitude characteristic is utilized to realize circuit inter-phase fault single-end ranging |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310185898.XACN103293445B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Distribution parameter measurement impedance magnitude characteristic is utilized to realize circuit inter-phase fault single-end ranging |
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| CN103293445Btrue CN103293445B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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| CN201310185898.XAActiveCN103293445B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Distribution parameter measurement impedance magnitude characteristic is utilized to realize circuit inter-phase fault single-end ranging |
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