The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that utilizes filter mud of sugar refinery to produceTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that utilizes filter mud of sugar refinery to produce.
Background technology
Sugarcane is the important sugar crop of China, and growth cycle is long, and fertilizer requirement is big, and the nutrient that needs is comprehensive.Using of chemical fertilizer only annotated in sugarcane district, sugar refinery for many years, and less application of organic fertilizers, long-term fertilizer for years can not get replenishing, and causes sugarcane field soil fertility degeneration serious, and the sugarcane production-increasing potentiality are more and more littler.Organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer is a kind ofly not only to have contained organic but also contain the compound fertilizer of an amount of chemical fertilizer.The utilization ratio of China's nitrogenous fertilizer is about 30% all the time now, and improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio has several approach, as development controlled release fertilizer, though breakthrough is also arranged, mainly is that cost is too high.In addition, be exactly being used of organic and inorganic fertilizer, the two is in conjunction with the specific absorption of nitrogenous fertilizer being brought up to 40%-45%.If organic and inorganic is made particulate state, the nitrogen fertilizer absorption rate can significantly improve this, is a present more feasible approach.Compound organic and inorganic fertilizer have control nutrient deenergized period to a greater extent, nutrient is comprehensive, utilization ratio is high, improve crop yield and quality, fertilizing soil, production continue, composition is various.
In the sugaring process, need add sodium hydroxide, sulfurous gas, phosphoric acid etc. to mixing juice and make the contained protein of mixing juice, non-sugar organism such as pectin substance, organic acid precipitates, resulting throw out is filter mud, the ratio of candy output and filter mud (water content 65%) is about 10:3, but be 1 ton of dry filter mud of 10 tons of sugar outputs of output, ton surplus the annual product sugar 1,000 ten thousand of China, 1,000,000 tons filter mud is arranged national every year, filter mud contains abundant nutrient, acid-basicity is moderate, is the desirable source of manure of preparation organic and inorganic fertilizer.
In the production, generally be to sell or give the sugarcane grower the fresh filter mud that does not have stack retting to cross, the sugarcane grower just can directly use fresh filter mud as base fertilizer afterwards.Directly use the disadvantageous effect that can cause the following aspects: the one, because in the sugar manufacturing process, be trapped in the alcohol slops often after the potassium element processing that sugarcane absorbs, the sugarcane grower can not pay attention to replenishing of potash fertilizer again in the application, tends to cause the sugarcane potassium deficiency; The 2nd, fresh filter mud moisture content is all more than 70%, only accounts for about 30% as the dry matter content of the source of manure, and this has strengthened the transportation cost of filter mud as fertilizer sources virtually and has used inconvenience; The 3rd, fresh filter mud just can be absorbed by sugarcane after needing fermentation to form inorganic nutrients in the process of being manured into soil, and can cause burning to death sugarcane root and sugarcane seedling owing to producing a large amount of heat and ammonia in the fermenting process, using immediately.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that utilizes filter mud of sugar refinery to produce, can effectively improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, be that sugarcane continues comprehensively to supply with nutrient, and be conducive to reduce directly use transportation cost height, fertilizer efficiency that filter mud causes low, influence that sugarcane emerges normally and problem such as growth.
For achieving the above object, the present invention fills a prescription with the proposition sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special of the regulation of fertilizer requirement science of sugarcane in conjunction with the nutrient situation of sugarcane district soil according to the principle of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer configuration and the compulsory execution standard of national compound organic and inorganic fertilizer again.Adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that utilizes filter mud of sugar refinery to produce prepares according to following raw materials by weight percent: urea 4.17-42.87%, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 11.52-60.87%, Repone K 3.33-16.66%, dry filter mud 25.0-37.5%; Preparation process is as follows:
(1) pile up filter mud spontaneous fermentation 30 ~ 40 d to the water content of filter mud be 25 ~ 35%, the filter mud of piling up is degenerated from top to bottom and is become ripe, the filter mud that will become thoroughly decomposed is spread out, thickness 10 ~ 15 cm, shining 2-3 d in the sun is 15 ~ 25% to water content, and it is stand-by with pulverizer filter mud to be crushed to 40 ~ 50 orders (being equivalent to 0.287 ~ 0.37 mm);
(2) filter mud of pulverizing through fermentation adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer according to material rate, and technology is through fragmentation, granulation, oven dry, cooling and screening routinely after the mixing, and packing gets product.
Utilization ratio height of the present invention, stable performance, simple, with low cost, there is not wet junction phenomena, be beneficial to large scale application.The sugarcane compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that filter mud is produced, have fertilizer efficiency and grow, improve the soil, increase fertility of land, avoid advantages such as soil compaction, simultaneously because the contained organic matter of filter mud and various nutritive ingredient, be to absorb in the sugarcane production process and get, turn back in the soil again by making fertilizer, be conducive to form the benign cycle of industrial and agricultural production, keep the Nature eubiosis.Test shows that the special compound fertilizer for sugar-cane prescription can effectively improve the per unit area yield 0.5-1.0 ton of sugarcane and improve sugar 0.5-1.0 percentage point of sugarcane, can improve 3～5 percentage points of the utilization ratios of chemical fertilizer simultaneously, and this technology is fit to China's sugarcane district widespread usage.Can predict, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer that utilizes the special use of filter mud fiting chemical fertiliser production sugarcane is an effective way that improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, has bright development prospect.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one
The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special prescription that relates to of the present invention can be produced according to formula rate by middle-size and small-size fertilizer enterprise.
Produce 1 ton of urea and account for 10%, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate account for 55%, and Repone K accounts for 10%, and dry filter mud accounts for 25.0% sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, need contain the urea 100kg of N amount 46%; Contain P2O5The fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 550kg of amount 16%; Contain K2O measures 60% Repone K 100kg, dry filter mud 250kg.
Preparation process is as follows:
(1) pile up filter mud spontaneous fermentation 30 ~ 40 d to the water content of filter mud be 30%, the filter mud of piling up is degenerated from top to bottom and is become ripe, the filter mud that will become thoroughly decomposed is spread out, thickness 10 ~ 15 cm, shining 2-3 d in the sun is 20% to water content, and it is stand-by with pulverizer filter mud to be crushed to 40 ~ 50 orders (being equivalent to 0.287 ~ 0.37 mm);
(2) filter mud of pulverizing through fermentation adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer according to material rate, and technology is through fragmentation, granulation, oven dry, cooling and screening routinely after the mixing, and packing gets product.
Embodiment two
The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special prescription that relates to of the present invention can be produced according to formula rate by middle-size and small-size fertilizer enterprise.
Produce 1 ton of urea and account for 25%, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate account for 40%, and Repone K accounts for 10%, and dry filter mud accounts for 25.0% sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, need contain the urea 250kg of N amount 46%; Contain P2O5The fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 400kg of amount 16%; Contain K2O measures 60% Repone K 100kg, dry filter mud 250kg.
Preparation process is as follows:
(1) pile up filter mud spontaneous fermentation 30 ~ 40 d to the water content of filter mud be 25%, the filter mud of piling up is degenerated from top to bottom and is become ripe, the filter mud that will become thoroughly decomposed is spread out, thickness 10 ~ 15 cm, shining 2-3 d in the sun is 15% to water content, and it is stand-by with pulverizer filter mud to be crushed to 40 ~ 50 orders (being equivalent to 0.287 ~ 0.37 mm);
(2) filter mud of pulverizing through fermentation adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer according to material rate, and technology is through fragmentation, granulation, oven dry, cooling and screening routinely after the mixing, and packing gets product.
Embodiment three
The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special prescription that relates to of the present invention can be produced according to formula rate by middle-size and small-size fertilizer enterprise.
Produce 1 ton of urea and account for 25%, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate account for 35%, and Repone K accounts for 10%, and dry filter mud accounts for 30.0% sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, need contain the urea 250kg of N amount 46%; Contain P2O5Calcium superphosphate or the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 350kg of amount 16%; Contain K2O measures 60% Repone K 100kg, dry filter mud 300kg.
Preparation process is as follows:
(1) pile up filter mud spontaneous fermentation 30 ~ 40 d to the water content of filter mud be 35%, the filter mud of piling up is degenerated from top to bottom and is become ripe, the filter mud that will become thoroughly decomposed is spread out, thickness 10 ~ 15 cm, shining 2-3 d in the sun is 25% to water content, and it is stand-by with pulverizer filter mud to be crushed to 40 ~ 50 orders (being equivalent to 0.287 ~ 0.37 mm);
(2) filter mud of pulverizing through fermentation adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer according to material rate, and technology is through fragmentation, granulation, oven dry, cooling and screening routinely after the mixing, and packing gets product.
Embodiment four
The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special prescription that relates to of the present invention can be produced according to formula rate by middle-size and small-size fertilizer enterprise.
Produce 1 ton of urea and account for 40%, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate account for 25%, and Repone K accounts for 10%, and dry filter mud accounts for 25% sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, need contain the urea 400kg of N amount 46%; Contain P2O5Calcium superphosphate or the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 250kg of amount 16%; Contain K2O measures 60% Repone K 100kg, dry filter mud 250kg.
Preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment five
The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special prescription that relates to of the present invention can be produced according to formula rate by middle-size and small-size fertilizer enterprise.
Produce 1 ton of urea and account for 35%, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate account for 25%, and Repone K accounts for 10%, and dry filter mud accounts for 30% sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, need contain the urea 350kg of N amount 46%; Contain P2O5Calcium superphosphate or the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 250kg of amount 16%; Contain K2O measures 60% Repone K 100kg, dry filter mud 300kg.
Preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.