所属技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及元素周期表上第一族主族元素容易失去最外层电子的性能和高压直流电源产生的静电场的作用，以及电子与水所发生的反应。The invention relates to the property that the main group elements of the first group on the periodic table are easy to lose the outermost electrons, the effect of the electrostatic field generated by the high-voltage DC power supply, and the reaction between the electrons and water.
背景技术Background technique
负离子水富含电子，能有效排除和灭活人体中致病致癌的自由基，而且对所有生物都有“神奇”的作用，如用于养殖，则成活率高，养得肥大鲜美；用于育种和灌浇植物，则种子发芽率高，枝条茁壮，结果多，生长速度提高等等.因此研制出高效能负离子水发生器已成为社会之急需。Negative ion water is rich in electrons, which can effectively eliminate and inactivate free radicals that cause disease and cancer in the human body, and has a "magic" effect on all living things. If it is used for breeding, it will have a high survival rate, and it will be fat and delicious; Breeding and watering plants will result in high germination rate of seeds, strong branches, many fruits, increased growth speed, etc. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency negative ion water generators has become an urgent need of the society.
在物理学里，已无可置疑地证实了阴极射线是电子流；在老式电子管中，为加大电子管内电子流的发射量，在丝极(阴极)旁增加了一块能受热发射电子的金属板，即制成旁热式电子管；利用金属铯(Cs)容易失去最外层的一个电子，发现了光电效应，后来光电管大量应用。In physics, it has been proved beyond doubt that the cathode ray is an electron flow; in the old-fashioned electron tube, in order to increase the emission of the electron flow in the electron tube, a piece of metal that can emit electrons when heated is added next to the filament (cathode) Plate, which is made into a side-heated electron tube; using metal cesium (Cs) to easily lose an electron in the outermost layer, the photoelectric effect was discovered, and later photoelectric tubes were widely used.
另外又在电化学中学到：2H2O+2e＝2OH-+H2.因而向水中发射电子，能使水中氢离子(H+)不断减少，相对氢氧根离子(OH-)不断增多，PH值不断增大。从这一思路出发，便设计了热电子发射负离子水发生器。In addition, I learned in electrochemistry: 2H2 O + 2e = 2OH- + H2 . Therefore, the emission of electrons into the water can continuously reduce the hydrogen ions (H+ ) in the water and increase the relative hydroxide ions (OH- ). The PH value keeps increasing. Starting from this train of thought, a thermal electron emission negative ion water generator is designed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
热电子发射式负离子水和臭氧发生器，主要由透明盛水之容器、高、低压直流电源、小功率电炉、热电子发射极(阴极)和阳极板以及杠铃式绝缘导体等构成。Thermionic emission negative ion water and ozone generator is mainly composed of transparent water container, high and low voltage DC power supply, low power electric furnace, thermionic emitter (cathode) and anode plate, and barbell type insulated conductor.
从热电子发射极发射出来的单位时间内的电子数量，在物理学电解质与气体中的电流章节里指明，是不遵从欧姆定律的。显然，它在单位时间内电子的发射量是与发射极内容易发射电子金属含量的的性质与多寡、发射极的温度、发射极与阳极相对的面积大小以及阴、阳极板间的电压高低有关。The number of electrons per unit time emitted from a thermionic emitter, specified in the chapter on Physics Electrolytes and Electric Currents in Gases, does not obey Ohm's law. Obviously, the amount of electrons it emits per unit time is related to the nature and amount of the metal that is easy to emit electrons in the emitter, the temperature of the emitter, the size of the area opposite the emitter and the anode, and the voltage between the cathode and anode plates. .
元素周期表上第一族的主族元素有：锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、钫(Fr)等.它们的最外层轨道上只有一个电子，容易脱离，今选择钾(K)作为制造热电子发射极的材料，其理由是：The main group elements of the first group on the periodic table are: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), francium (Fr), etc. Their outermost orbits There is only one electron on the surface, which is easy to detach. Potassium (K) is selected as the material for manufacturing thermionic emitters. The reasons are:
1)铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、钫(Fr)在自然界存在稀少，就是铯(Cs)市场上有，但价格极昂贵。1) Rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr) are rare in nature, and cesium (Cs) is available in the market, but the price is extremely expensive.
2)钾(K)在市场上能大量供应，价格相对也便宜。2) Potassium (K) can be supplied in large quantities in the market, and the price is relatively cheap.
3)这几个第一族主族元素的熔点、沸点、离解能、昇华热和电离势等相互比较如下：3) The melting point, boiling point, dissociation energy, sublimation heat and ionization potential of these first group main group elements are compared with each other as follows:
电离势是原子失去电子变为正离子所需要的最小电势。The ionization potential is the minimum potential required for an atom to lose electrons and become a positive ion.
从上表表明：钾(K)与铯(Cs)其性能很接近，价格也可以，因此是最可取的。It can be seen from the above table that potassium (K) and cesium (Cs) are very close in performance and price, so they are the most desirable.
由于钾(K)的活泼性比钠(Na)大，与水或与空气作用都要发生燃烧，为此，这就要求在真空或充满如氮气或二氧化碳等气体的密闭器内，把钾从煤油中取出，放入两金属板之间，合起来后再封好四周的夹缝，即制成了热电子发射极。Because the activity of potassium (K) is greater than that of sodium (Na), it will burn when it interacts with water or air. For this reason, it is required to remove potassium from the air in a vacuum or in a closed container filled with gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Take it out from the kerosene, put it between the two metal plates, seal the cracks around it after closing them together, and then make a thermionic emitter.
这个密闭器可以这样来制作，上面用玻璃板，其它部位是金属或木材都可以.。侧面开两个左、右手可以伸入的口子，取长袖口的塑料手套一付，把手套的两个口子与密闭器的两个口子的边缘作无缝粘合，使两只手戴着这副手套能在密闭器内操作。先把金属片和钾以及所需封闭材料和工具放入密闭器内，然后，可用二氧化碳以向上排空气法注入宻闭器，尔后密闭。获取二氧化碳的方法很多，碳酸钙与盐酸作用是实验室制取方法，即2HCl+CaCO3＝CaCl2+H2O+CO2可参照使用。This airtight device can be made like this, glass plate is used on the top, and other parts can be metal or wood. There are two openings on the side where the left and right hands can reach in, take a pair of plastic gloves with long cuffs, and glue the two openings of the gloves to the edges of the two openings of the obturator seamlessly, so that both hands can wear This pair of gloves is able to operate inside the enclosure. First put the metal sheet and potassium, as well as the required sealing materials and tools into the closed device, and then use carbon dioxide to inject the closed device with upward air discharge, and then seal it. There are many ways to obtain carbon dioxide. The reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is a laboratory preparation method, that is, 2HCl+CaCO3 =CaCl2 +H2 O+CO2 can be used as a reference.
从电场强度的定义式：E＝F/q(E为电场强度，F为放在电场某点上电荷q所受到电场的作用力)，由此导出F＝qE.显而易见，因电子带负电荷，要获得对它有较大的作用力F，必须加大电场强度E.而在物理学的基本静电现象的章节里，已详细阐明：，平行板间的电场强度E，是与两极板间的电压U成正比，与两板间的距离d成反比，其关係式是：E＝U/d.于是就按需要可选择高压直流电源正、负极板之间的电压和距离.来进行设计。From the definition formula of electric field strength: E=F/q (E is the electric field strength, F is the force of the electric field on the electric charge q placed on a certain point of the electric field), which leads to F=qE. Obviously, because the electron is negatively charged , to obtain a larger force F on it, the electric field strength E must be increased. In the chapter of the basic electrostatic phenomena in physics, it has been clarified in detail: the electric field strength E between parallel plates is the same as that between the two polar plates The voltage U is proportional to the voltage U, and is inversely proportional to the distance d between the two plates. The relationship is: E=U/d. Therefore, the voltage and distance between the positive and negative plates of the high-voltage DC power supply can be selected according to the needs. To design .
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一歩说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
图1是热电子发射式负离子水和臭氧发生器的结构及线路联接示意图。Fig. 1 is the structure and circuit connection schematic diagram of thermionic emission type anion water and ozone generator.
图2是热电子发射极的结构及外形示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and appearance of the thermionic emitter.
图3是杠铃式绝缘导体的结构及外形示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure and appearance of the barbell-type insulated conductor.
图4是热电子发射式负离子水和臭氧发生器的外形示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the thermionic emission type negative ion water and ozone generator.
图1-4中，1-定时器、2-变阻器、3-原线圈、4-低压输出副线圈、5-原线圈、6-高压输出副线圈、7-整流器、8-电磁继电器、9-弹簧、10-衔铁、11-大地、12-地线、13-透明盛水之容器、14-阳极板、15-绝缘材料、16-出水管、17-阀门、18-水、19-溢水口、20-杠铃式绝缘导体、21-透明盛水容器之盖、22-热电子发射极、23-小功率电炉、24-电热絲、25-排气阀、26-进水管、27-阀门、、28-转柄开关、29-电磁铁、30-一能发红光的指示灯、31-能发绿光的指示灯、32-整流器、33-高、低压直流电源、34-电键、35-插头、36-金属钾、37-金属板、38-耐高温封闭材料、39-金属板、40-高、低压直流电源之绝缘外箱。In Figure 1-4, 1-timer, 2-varistor, 3-primary coil, 4-low voltage output secondary coil, 5-primary coil, 6-high voltage output secondary coil, 7-rectifier, 8-electromagnetic relay, 9- Spring, 10-armature, 11-earth, 12-ground wire, 13-transparent water container, 14-anode plate, 15-insulating material, 16-outlet pipe, 17-valve, 18-water, 19-overflow , 20-barbell insulated conductor, 21-cover of transparent water container, 22-thermal electron emitter, 23-low power electric furnace, 24-heating wire, 25-exhaust valve, 26-inlet pipe, 27-valve, , 28-handle switch, 29-electromagnet, 30-an indicator light that can emit red light, 31-an indicator light that can emit green light, 32-rectifier, 33-high and low voltage DC power supply, 34-electric key, 35 -plug, 36-potassium metal, 37-metal plate, 38-high temperature resistant sealing material, 39-metal plate, 40-insulated outer box for high and low voltage DC power supply.
在诸多零部件中，高、低压直流电源(33)、电磁继电器(8)、小功率电炉(23)、定时器(1)、变阻器(2)、能发红光的指示灯(30)、能发绿光的指示灯(31)、电键(34)、插头(35)以及阀门(17)、(27)等，市场上都容易采购得到。Among many components, high and low voltage DC power supply (33), electromagnetic relay (8), low-power electric furnace (23), timer (1), rheostat (2), indicator lamp (30) that can emit red light, The indicator lamp (31), electric key (34), plug (35) and valve (17), (27) etc. that can emit green light are all easily purchased on the market.
透明盛水之容器(13)用玻璃或有机玻璃制成，透明盛水容器之盖(21)用耐高温又机械强度好的陶瓷材料制成，高、低压直流电源外箱(40)须用绝缘性能好又机械强度好的塑料来制造。The transparent water container (13) is made of glass or plexiglass, and the cover (21) of the transparent water container is made of high temperature resistant and mechanically strong ceramic material, and the high and low voltage DC power supply outer box (40) must use It is made of plastic with good insulation performance and good mechanical strength.
热电子发射极(22)是由金属板(37)和金属板(39)把金属钾(36)夹在中间，由于金属钾(K)遇空气便被氧化而发生燃烧，遇水与水作用放出氢气也发生燃烧，平时都浸沒在煤油中保存。因此必须在真空或充满氮或二氧化碳的密闭器内，把钾放在两金属板(37)、(39)之间，合起来后，对周边夹缝用耐高温封闭材料(38)密封起来。金属板材料可采用不锈钢、铜或铝.耐高温封闭材料(38)可用水玻璃与水泥拌和或其他具有相同性能的材料。Thermionic emitter (22) is sandwiched by metal plate (37) and metal plate (39) between metal potassium (36), because metal potassium (K) is oxidized and burns when it encounters air, it reacts with water Release hydrogen and also burn, usually submerged in kerosene for preservation. Therefore must in vacuum or be full of the airtight device of nitrogen or carbon dioxide, potassium is placed between two metal plates (37), (39), after shutting up, seal up with high temperature resistant sealing material (38) to the peripheral crack. The metal plate material can be stainless steel, copper or aluminum. The high temperature resistant sealing material (38) can be mixed with water glass and cement or other materials with the same performance.
杠铃式绝缘导体(20)可采用铁铸件，其外表面必须用绝缘材料(15)封闭，绝缘材料(15)可用绝缘性能好，沒有毒性又价格便宜的聚乙烯塑料。Barbell type insulated conductor (20) can adopt iron casting, and its outer surface must be closed with insulating material (15), and insulating material (15) available insulating performance is good, does not have toxicity cheap polyethylene plastics again.
把杠铃式绝缘导体(20)放在热电子发射极(22)与阳极板(14)之间，是利用它能发生静电感应的现象。这时，欲计祘阴、阳极板间的电场强度再不是应用热电子发射极(22)与阳极板(14)之间的距离，而是热电子发射极(22)到杠铃式绝缘导体(20)顶部的距离。缩短了杠铃式绝缘导体(20)高度的这段距离，电场强度得到大幅度加强，就使热电子发射极(22)发射电子的能力大大提高。Putting the barbell type insulated conductor (20) between the thermal electron emitter (22) and the anode plate (14) is to utilize the phenomenon that it can generate electrostatic induction. At this time, the electric field intensity between the cathode and the anode plate is no longer applied to the distance between the thermionic emitter (22) and the anode plate (14), but the distance between the thermionic emitter (22) and the barbell type insulated conductor ( 20) Distance from the top. The height of the barbell-type insulated conductor (20) is shortened, and the electric field intensity is greatly enhanced, which greatly improves the ability of the thermionic emitter (22) to emit electrons.
为了产生强电场，从热电子发射极(22)至杠铃式绝缘导体(20)的距离，是越小越好，但是，过于小要发生击穿而产生电弧，因此这个距离是有限度的。在普通物理电解质与气体中电流的章节里，列有在大气压力下，不同电极形状的两电极间发生击穿时，两极间电压与两极间的距离的关係表，抄录如下：In order to generate a strong electric field, the distance from the thermionic emitter (22) to the barbell-type insulated conductor (20) should be as small as possible, but if it is too small, breakdown will occur and arc will be generated, so this distance is limited. In the chapter of ordinary physical electrolyte and current in gas, there is a table of the relationship between the voltage between the two electrodes and the distance between the two electrodes when breakdown occurs between two electrodes of different electrode shapes under atmospheric pressure, and the transcription is as follows:
如果平面状电极的表面不光滑，存在着细齿上凹凸不平，则就不能作为平面状来对待。If the surface of the planar electrode is not smooth and has unevenness on the serrations, it cannot be treated as planar.
下面是通过实施例进一步详细说明热电子发射式负离子水和臭氧发生器的原理和操作方法：Below is the principle and method of operation of the thermionic emission type anion water and ozone generator in further detail through the embodiment:
打开阀门(27)加水，至水面高过杠铃式绝缘导体(20)的顶部，把插头(35)接上220伏特的市电，又把定时器(1)设置在使用高电压发射热电子所需之时间的刻度上。变阻器(2)可调节原线圈(5)两端的电压，也就是能对输出高压副线圈(6)的高压输出可以进行调节，以控制发射极在单位时间内热电子发射量的多少。Open the valve (27) and add water, to the top of the barbell type insulated conductor (20), the plug (35) is connected to 220 volts of commercial power, and the timer (1) is set to use the high voltage to emit thermionic electrons again. on the scale of the required time. The rheostat (2) can adjust the voltage at both ends of the primary coil (5), that is, it can adjust the high-voltage output of the output high-voltage secondary coil (6), so as to control the amount of thermal electrons emitted by the emitter per unit time.
闭合电键(34)，对相互成并联的小功率电炉(23)内的电热丝(24)、原线圈(4)和原线圈(5)都通上了电。Closing electric key (34) has all passed on electricity to heating wire (24), primary coil (4) and primary coil (5) in the small power electric furnace (23) that becomes parallel with each other.
小功率电炉(23)内的电热丝(24)便把组成热电子发射极(22)的金属板(37)、(39)和金属钾(36)加热，由于金属钾(36)的沸点是770℃，很快就变成蒸气，在普通化学里还指出，这时金属钾(36)都呈单原子状态，其原子最外层轨道上仅有的这一个电子就很容易失去。The heating wire (24) in the low-power electric furnace (23) just heats the metal plates (37), (39) and potassium metal (36) forming the thermionic emitter (22), because the boiling point of potassium metal (36) is At 770°C, it will soon become a vapor. It is also pointed out in general chemistry that metal potassium (36) is in the state of a single atom at this time, and the only electron on the outermost orbit of its atom is easy to lose.
在低压输出副线圈(4)与整流器(32)组成的迴路上有电流通过。于是整流器(32)与相互并联的指示灯(30)、指示灯(31)和电磁铁(29)都能够成为通上电流的迴路。当转柄开关(28)置于a点时，能发红光的指示灯(30)发光，而能发绿光的指示灯(31)不亮，电磁铁(29)上的线圈因沒有电流通过，衔铁(10)不能被电磁铁(29)吸引，高压迴路上的A、A就不能接通。因此，能发红光的指示灯(30)发光，表示热电子发射极(22)在被加热，但不存在热电子发射。.Current passes through the loop formed by the low-voltage output secondary coil (4) and the rectifier (32). So the rectifier (32) and the indicator lights (30), indicator lights (31) and electromagnets (29) connected in parallel can all become the loops that pass through the current. When the rotary handle switch (28) was placed at point a, the indicator light (30) that could emit red light was luminous, and the indicator light (31) that could emit green light was not bright, and the coil on the electromagnet (29) had no current Through, armature (10) can not be attracted by electromagnet (29), and A, A on the high voltage circuit just can not be connected. Therefore, the indicator light (30) capable of emitting red light is illuminated, indicating that the thermionic emitter (22) is being heated, but no thermionic emission is present. .
当转柄开关(28)置于b点时，整流器(32)与相互并联着的能发绿光的指示灯(31)和电磁铁(29)组成的迴路就有电流通过。这时，能发红光的指示灯(30)熄灭，而发绿光的指示灯(31)发光，同时电磁铁(29)上线圈有电流通过，衔铁(10)便被电磁铁(29)吸引，弹簧(9)被拉长，A、A两点被导通。于是能输出高压直流电的整流器(7)的负极与衔铁(10)和热电子发射极(22)成为串联接通，又因整流器(7)的正极与阳极板(14)相联，置于透明盛水之容器(13)内的杠铃式绝缘导体(20)，势必受阳极板(14)感应作用而发生静电感应，这时，热电子发射极(22)与杠铃式绝缘导体(20)顶部之间的电场强度大大增强。从金属钾(36)脫离出来的电子在电场力的作用下，就穿越金属板(39)并飞入空间，飞向杠铃式绝缘导体(20)的顶部，结果都落入到杠铃式绝缘导体(20)上面的水中，从《现代电化学》中学到，电子与水接触，即起反应：When the rotary handle switch (28) was placed on point b, the circuit formed by the rectifier (32) and the green light indicator (31) and electromagnet (29) connected in parallel with each other just had an electric current to pass through. At this time, the indicator light (30) that can emit red light is extinguished, and the indicator light (31) that emits green light is luminous, and the coil on the electromagnet (29) has current to pass through simultaneously, and the armature (10) is just driven by the electromagnet (29). Attract, spring (9) is elongated, and A, A two points are conducted. So the negative pole of the rectifier (7) capable of outputting high-voltage direct current is connected in series with the armature (10) and the thermionic emitter (22), and because the positive pole of the rectifier (7) is connected with the anode plate (14), it is placed in a transparent The barbell type insulated conductor (20) in the container (13) of holding water, certainly will be subjected to the anode plate (14) induction effect and electrostatic induction will take place, at this moment, between the thermionic emitter (22) and the barbell type insulated conductor (20) top The electric field strength between them is greatly enhanced. Under the action of the electric field force, the electrons detached from metal potassium (36) just pass through the metal plate (39) and fly into the space, and fly to the top of the barbell-type insulated conductor (20), and all fall into the barbell-type insulated conductor (20). In the water above the conductor (20), learn from "Modern Electrochemistry" that electrons will react when they contact water:
水是弱电解质，是极性分子，在强电场作用下有更多的水分子被电离，产生了更多的氢离子(H+)和氢氧根离子(OH-)，于是氢离子(H+)就必然要与发射来的电子相结合，即Water is a weak electrolyte and a polar molecule. Under the action of a strong electric field, more water molecules are ionized, producing more hydrogen ions (H+ ) and hydroxide ions (OH- ), so hydrogen ions (H+ ) must combine with the emitted electrons, that is
从(1)、(2)式说明：在水中的氢离子(H+)数与氢氧根离子(OH-)数，本来是相等的，如今隨看反应时间的增长，使氢离子(H+)不断减少，相对氢氧根离子(OH-)数不断增多，于是水的PH值便越来越大，就制成了负离子水.Explanation from (1), (2) formula: the number of hydrogen ions (H+ ) and the number of hydroxide ions (OH- ) in water are originally equal, and now with the growth of reaction time, hydrogen ions (H+ ) keeps decreasing, and the number of relative hydroxide ions (OH- ) keeps increasing, so the pH value of the water is getting bigger and bigger, and negative ion water is made.
在热电子发射极(22)的金属板(37)、(39)上，必须接上地线(12)，与大地(11)相联，因为热电子发射极(22)发射电子后本身电势便升高，如不接地，热电子发射就只是短暂的。这时，热电子发射极(22)因失去大量电子其电势就高于大地(11)，大地(11)就会通过地线(12)传导，把电子传送给热电子发射极(22)，而使电子发射可持续进行.On the metal plates (37), (39) of the thermal electron emitter (22), the ground wire (12) must be connected and connected with the earth (11), because the thermal electron emitter (22) itself has an electric potential after emitting electrons. If it is not grounded, the thermionic emission will only be short-lived. At this time, the potential of the thermionic emitter (22) is higher than that of the earth (11) due to the loss of a large amount of electrons, and the earth (11) will be conducted through the ground wire (12) to transmit electrons to the thermionic emitter (22). so that electron emission can continue.
由于热电子发射穿越空间，电子在强电场作用下具有较大能量，它能电离空气中的氧，因此，在热电子穿越的途径上，势必可看到紫藍色电晕，说明在不断产生臭氧，即(是可逆反应：向左为放热反应，向右为吸热反应。)臭氧的溶解度是氧的13倍，所以易溶于水，它具有极強的杀菌和消除具致癌性的有机毒物的能力。Because thermionic electrons are emitted through space, electrons have greater energy under the action of a strong electric field, which can ionize oxygen in the air. Therefore, on the way through which thermionic electrons travel, a purple-blue corona is bound to be seen, indicating that the electrons are constantly generating ozone, i.e. (It is a reversible reaction: to the left is an exothermic reaction, and to the right is an endothermic reaction.) The solubility of ozone is 13 times that of oxygen, so it is easily soluble in water. It has strong sterilization and elimination of carcinogenic organic poisons. ability.
在透明盛水之容器(13)的上部侧壁，开有溢水口(19)，用于溢水，防止不小心注入水量过多，以保护热电子发射极(22).同时也可起到排气和进气的作用。On the upper side wall of the transparent water container (13), there is an overflow port (19), which is used for overflowing water, prevents too much water from being accidentally injected, and protects the thermionic emitter (22). The function of gas and air intake.
在透明盛水容器之盖(21)上，有一排气阀(25)，因在制取臭氧时需要空气，由于热电子发射极(22)在不断释放热量，水面上气体也被加热，打开排气阀(25)，热空气由此排出，冷空气便从溢水口(19)进入，带来了氧气，以供制取臭氧。On the cover (21) of the transparent water container, there is an exhaust valve (25), because air is needed when producing ozone, because the thermionic emitter (22) is constantly releasing heat, the gas on the water surface is also heated, open Exhaust valve (25), hot air discharges thus, and cold air just enters from overflow port (19), has brought oxygen, for producing ozone.
在电子与水和氢离子(H+)反应过程中，放出的氢气(H2)，也可从打开的排气阀(25)或溢水口(19)排出。During the reaction of electrons with water and hydrogen ions (H+ ), the released hydrogen (H2 ) can also be discharged from the opened exhaust valve (25) or overflow port (19).
经强电场的作用，水从原来由13个～16个水分子联成的水分子团，变成了由6个水分子甚至更少联成的小水分子团组成，这种水容易通过人体的细胞膜，能把更多营养物质进入细胞，同时把更多废弃物质排出，这便成为被联合国世界卫生组织(WHO)确认的健康长寿水。Under the action of a strong electric field, the water changes from a water molecular cluster composed of 13 to 16 water molecules to a small water molecular cluster composed of 6 water molecules or even less. This kind of water can easily pass through the human body. The cell membrane can bring more nutrients into the cells and expel more waste substances at the same time. This has become the healthy and long-lived water confirmed by the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO).
最后，为操作和使用好热电子发射负离子水发生器，再作以下几点说明：Finally, in order to operate and use the thermal electron emission negative ion water generator well, the following points are explained:
1.PH值的测定，应采用玻璃电极法，以取得比较精确的数据，不要用比较粗略的试纸比色法测定。1. For the determination of pH value, the glass electrode method should be used to obtain more accurate data, and the rough test paper colorimetric method should not be used for determination.
2.对人体最适宜的PH值是7.4～7.6.如果制得的负离子水PH值＞7.6，则可以用普通水搀兑，把PH值降至7.4～7.6。2. The most suitable pH value for the human body is 7.4-7.6. If the pH value of the prepared negative ion water is greater than 7.6, it can be mixed with ordinary water to reduce the pH value to 7.4-7.6.
3.要特别重视敷设好地线(12)，使接地电阻尽量減小，保证大地(11)对热电子发射极(22)电子的传导供给。3. Special attention should be paid to laying the ground wire (12), so as to minimize the ground resistance and ensure the conduction supply of the electrons from the ground (11) to the thermionic emitter (22).
4.判断臭氧是否从排气阀(25)排出引发污染环境，可在排气口(25)迎着气流放置一片浸过KI溶液的红色石蕊试纸.，如果有臭氧逸出，这时石蕊试纸上即发生化学反应：4. To judge whether the discharge of ozone from the exhaust valve (25) causes environmental pollution, a piece of red litmus paper soaked in KI solution can be placed at the exhaust port (25) facing the airflow. If there is ozone escaping, the stone will A chemical reaction occurs on the core test paper:
2KI+O3+H2O＝2KOH+I2+O22KI+O3 +H2 O＝2KOH+I2 +O2
反应后如能使试纸变蓝和接触淀粉能使淀粉呈现蓝紫色，就可以证实有KOH和I2.也就证实了有臭氧逸出。After the reaction, if the test paper turns blue and the starch appears blue-purple after contact with the starch, it can be confirmed that there is KOH and I2 . It also proves that there is ozone escaping.
5.如果有臭氧逸出，则可以：5. If there is ozone escaping, you can:
1)用皮管接出通入瓶装的水中，制成是很好消毒剂的臭氧饱和溶液。1) Connect the bottled water with a leather tube to make an ozone-saturated solution that is a good disinfectant.
臭氧通入瓶装水中，是否达到饱和，同样可用浸过KI溶液的红色石蕊试纸放在瓶口来测定。When ozone is passed into bottled water, whether it reaches saturation can also be determined by placing red litmus paper soaked in KI solution on the mouth of the bottle.
在标准状况下每升水溶液中，最多可溶解0.65升臭氧，其质量为1392毫克，由于臭氧消毒使用量，保特0.045～0.45毫克/升就有很好作用，经计祘，这种臭氧饱和溶液对容器消毒，每1升容积只需滴入0.71毫升(含0.46毫克)就可以了，所以是很有价值的。Under standard conditions, 0.65 liters of ozone can be dissolved in each liter of aqueous solution at most, and its mass is 1392 milligrams. Due to the amount of ozone used for disinfection, 0.045-0.45 milligrams per liter of protection will have a good effect. According to calculations, this kind of ozone is saturated The solution sterilizes the container, and only 0.71 milliliters (containing 0.46 milligrams) is needed for every 1 liter of volume, so it is very valuable.
2)可关闭排气阀(25)，透明盛水之容器(13)内的空间，就不产生对流，空气也就不会从溢水口(19)进入，容器内的空气有限，就让这些空气和制成的臭氧，溶入水中或留在空间。由于水中的臭氧浓度达到每升约1392毫克就不再溶解。又臭氧的半衰期是15分钟30～分钟，所以容器内含臭氧浓度较高的水，只要臭氧停止发生，数小时后浓度就下降到可以应用的程度。2) the exhaust valve (25) can be closed, the space in the container (13) of transparent water will not produce convection, and the air will not enter from the overflow port (19). The air in the container is limited, so these Air and make ozone, which dissolves in water or stays in space. Since the ozone concentration in water reaches about 1392 mg per liter, it will no longer dissolve. The half-life of ozone is 15 minutes to 30 minutes, so the container contains water with higher ozone concentration. As long as the ozone stops occurring, the concentration will drop to the applicable level after a few hours.
6.用转柄开关(28)通过电磁继电器(8)来控制高压迴赂的通断，这是一个安全装置，防止操作人员遭到高压电击。6. Use the rotary handle switch (28) to control the on-off of the high-voltage return bribe by the electromagnetic relay (8), which is a safety device to prevent the operator from being shocked by the high-voltage electric shock.
参考资料References
【普通物理学】(原苏联)福里斯季莫列娃著商务印书馆【General Physics】(Former Soviet Union) by Fristy Moreva The Commercial Press
【普通化学教程】(原苏联)涅克拉索夫著商务印书馆[General Chemistry Course] (former Soviet Union) Nekrasov's Commercial Press
【现代电化学】龚竹青王志兴编著中南大学出【Modern Electrochemistry】Edited by Gong Zhuqing and Wang Zhixing Published by Central South University
【水与人体健康】李俊杰马文华编著金盾出版社[Water and Human Health] edited by Li Junjie and Ma Wenhua Golden Shield Publishing House
【环保与健康新材料——托玛琳】姚鼎山主编中国纺织大学出版社【Environmental Protection and Healthy New Materials—Tomaline】Edited by Yao Dingshan China Textile University Press
【供水水源保护与微污染水体净化】朱亮主编化学工业出版社与环境科学与工程出版社[Water supply source protection and micro-polluted water body purification] Zhu Liang edited by Chemical Industry Press and Environmental Science and Engineering Press
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| CN200988797Y (en)* | 2006-12-20 | 2007-12-12 | 董晟荣 | Ozone water machine for producing large flow ozone water |
| CN101306854A (en)* | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-19 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Water treatment device |
| CN101939261A (en)* | 2007-09-27 | 2011-01-05 | 生命之水有限责任公司 | Ultraviolet water purification system |
| CN101746850A (en)* | 2009-12-15 | 2010-06-23 | 青岛海德威船舶科技有限公司 | Multi-dimensional nanomaterial micro-current electron exciting electrode and preparation method thereof |
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