CN103259280A - Achievement method for direct current centralized control center applied to large-scale direct current output - Google Patents
Achievement method for direct current centralized control center applied to large-scale direct current outputDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力系统领域，具体涉及一种适用于大规模直流外送的直流集控中心的实现方法。The invention belongs to the field of electric power systems, and in particular relates to a realization method of a DC centralized control center suitable for large-scale DC external transmission.
背景技术Background technique
利用高压直流输电系统有功和无功高度可控的特点，在多条直流输电的系统中，可实现在一条直流系统故障时，合理控制其它正常直流输电线增加输送功率，实现不同直流传输线路之间的功率支援，从而稳定交流系统的频率和电压，获得对全系统性能的改善。直流集中控制中心的建设，将实现对换流站的集中统一管理，是合理利用资源，提高劳动生产率、电网安全性、经济效益和现代化管理水平的有效途径。Utilizing the highly controllable active and reactive power characteristics of the HVDC transmission system, in a multiple DC transmission system, it is possible to reasonably control other normal DC transmission lines to increase the transmission power when one DC system fails, and to realize the connection between different DC transmission lines. The power support between them stabilizes the frequency and voltage of the AC system and improves the performance of the whole system. The construction of the DC centralized control center will realize the centralized and unified management of the converter station, which is an effective way to rationally utilize resources and improve labor productivity, power grid security, economic benefits and modern management level.
综合考虑各换流站的设备状况、地理位置、电网结构和现有生产管理体系等因素，现有的高压直流集中控制的整体结构规划为图1和图2所示的2种方案：Considering the equipment status, geographical location, power grid structure and existing production management system of each converter station comprehensively, the overall structure planning of the existing HVDC centralized control is two schemes shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2:
方案1，集中控制中心与电网调度中心整合实现集中控制，即在调度自动化系统的局域网上加装集控工作站，如图1所示；Scheme 1, the centralized control center is integrated with the power grid dispatching center to realize centralized control, that is, a centralized control workstation is installed on the local area network of the dispatching automation system, as shown in Figure 1;
方案2，设立一个集中控制中心，对多回直流的所有换流站(包括整流站和逆变站)进行集中管理，在送端与受端分别设置维护和检修队伍，如图2所示。Option 2, set up a centralized control center to centrally manage all converter stations (including rectifier stations and inverter stations) of multi-circuit DC, and set up maintenance and repair teams at the sending end and receiving end, as shown in Figure 2.
但上述两种方案存在这不足之处，分别为：However, the above two solutions have disadvantages, namely:
对于方案1，集中控制中心自动化系统与调度自动化系统共享局域网，共用历史服务器和实时服务器。由于设备配置精炼，该模式的集中控制中心自动化系统造价较低，主要针对调度系统规模不大、通道容量允许的情况。然而，由于直流集中控制中心需要的换流站本体信息量庞大，信息类型多样，对通信通道的带宽和速率要求高，可导致系统的可靠性降低。For scheme 1, the automation system of the centralized control center and the dispatching automation system share the local area network, share the history server and the real-time server. Due to the refined equipment configuration, the cost of the centralized control center automation system in this mode is low, and it is mainly aimed at the situation where the dispatching system is not large in scale and the channel capacity is allowed. However, due to the large amount of information on the converter station body required by the DC centralized control center and various types of information, the bandwidth and rate of the communication channel are high, which can lead to a decrease in system reliability.
对于方案2，工程实施时，某些换流站可能距离集中控制中心较远。For option 2, when the project is implemented, some converter stations may be far away from the centralized control center.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种适用于大规模直流外送的直流集控中心的实现方法，采用层次化设计，结合实际运行过程中的经验和数据，实现多回直流系统的集中统一调控，以达到合理利用资源，提高电网安全性、经济效益和现代化管理水平的目的。Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a method for implementing a DC centralized control center suitable for large-scale DC external transmission, adopts a hierarchical design, and combines the experience and data in the actual operation process to realize the centralized control of multi-circuit DC systems Unified regulation to achieve rational use of resources, improve power grid security, economic efficiency and modern management level.
本发明提供的一种适用于大规模直流外送的直流集控中心的实现方法，其改进之处在于，在输电断面安装状态信息采集装置，将采集的参数上传至直流集控中心，直流集控中心通过对采集的数据进行计算分析，将控制指令下发给各个换流站，实现多回直流系统的集中统一调控。The present invention provides a method for implementing a DC centralized control center suitable for large-scale direct current transmission. The control center calculates and analyzes the collected data, and sends control commands to each converter station to realize the centralized and unified control of the multi-circuit DC system.
其中，所述方法包括如下步骤：Wherein, the method comprises the steps of:
(1)在输电断面安装状态信息采集装置，包括电压互感器、电流互感器、功率计量单元，光纤发送和接收装置；(1) Install state information acquisition devices on transmission sections, including voltage transformers, current transformers, power metering units, optical fiber sending and receiving devices;
(2)所述状态信息采集装置将采集的线路电压、电流、有功功率参数上传至直流集控中心；(2) The state information acquisition device uploads the collected line voltage, current, and active power parameters to the DC centralized control center;
(3)所述直流集控中心与电网调度中心通信，将所述状态信息采集装置传输的数据进行分析；(3) The DC centralized control center communicates with the power grid dispatching center, and analyzes the data transmitted by the state information collection device;
(4)所述直流集控中心将分析结果发送给电网调度中心，并根据分析结果将控制指令下发给各个换流站；(4) The DC centralized control center sends the analysis results to the power grid dispatching center, and sends control instructions to each converter station according to the analysis results;
(5)所述电网调度中心根据分析结果改变运行方式，用于减小直流功率变化对电网的影响。(5) The power grid dispatching center changes the operation mode according to the analysis result, so as to reduce the impact of the DC power change on the power grid.
其中，步骤(2)所述状态信息采集装置将采集的线路电压、电流、有功功率参数通过光纤上传至直流集控中心。Wherein, the state information collection device in step (2) uploads the collected line voltage, current, and active power parameters to the DC centralized control center through optical fiber.
其中，所述集中控制中心用于处理所辖直流系统的信息；Wherein, the centralized control center is used to process the information of the DC system under its jurisdiction;
所述电网调度中心用于监控与电网运行安全相关的参数。The grid dispatching center is used for monitoring parameters related to grid operation safety.
其中，所述相关的参数包括功率、电压和电流。Wherein, the relevant parameters include power, voltage and current.
其中，所述直流集控中心与电网调度中心共享局域网，共用历史服务器和实时服务器，用于实现数据统一管理。Wherein, the DC centralized control center and the power grid dispatching center share a local area network, share a history server and a real-time server, and are used to realize unified management of data.
其中，所述直流集控中心与交流控制中心通过光纤连接，实现交流系统与直流系统的协调控制，与交流控制中心控制的串联可控电容补偿，进行高压直流输电和串联可控电容补偿的协调控制。Wherein, the DC centralized control center and the AC control center are connected by optical fibers to realize the coordinated control of the AC system and the DC system, and the series controllable capacitor compensation controlled by the AC control center to coordinate the high-voltage direct current transmission and the series controllable capacitor compensation control.
与现有技术比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本方法改变了传统的集控方案，实现了在线状态信息的采集和应用，是对传统设计方案的进一步提升，为实际电网运行提供了重要的指导作用，有助于提高实际电网运行的安全性。This method changes the traditional centralized control scheme, realizes the collection and application of online status information, is a further improvement on the traditional design scheme, provides an important guiding role for the actual power grid operation, and helps to improve the safety of the actual power grid operation .
本发明采用层次化设计，它通过在主要输电断面安装状态信息采集装置，采集线路电压、电流、有功功率参数通过光纤通道上传至直流集控中心，集控中心通过对采集的数据进行计算分析，将控制指令下发给各个换流站，结合实际运行过程中的经验和数据，实现多回直流系统的集中统一调控。The present invention adopts a hierarchical design. By installing a state information acquisition device on the main transmission section, the collected line voltage, current, and active power parameters are uploaded to the DC centralized control center through the optical fiber channel. The centralized control center calculates and analyzes the collected data. The control command is sent to each converter station, combined with the experience and data in the actual operation process, to realize the centralized and unified regulation of the multi-circuit DC system.
本发明在电网调度中心与直流换流站之间建立多回直流系统集中控制中心，实现对换流站的集中统一管理，是实现合理利用资源，提高劳动生产率、电网安全性、经济效益和现代化管理水平的有效途径。对保证电网正常运行的经济性、安全性、可靠性具有重要的意义。The invention establishes a multi-circuit DC system centralized control center between the power grid dispatching center and the DC converter station to realize centralized and unified management of the converter station, realize rational use of resources, improve labor productivity, power grid safety, economic benefits and modernization Effective way to manage level. It is of great significance to ensure the economy, safety and reliability of the normal operation of the power grid.
本发明实施集中控制后，各级自动化系统局域网上的信息流量适中，信息类型规范。其信息流程体系可便利地在直流集中控制中心搭建“直流对交流通道的阻尼控制、直流间的相互紧急功率转移、直流对交流受端和送端系统的紧急功率支援和暂态稳定控制等”控制功能，从而有效改善交直流混联电网的阻尼特性，整体提升电网暂态和动态安全稳定水平。After the centralized control is implemented in the present invention, the information flow on the local area network of automation systems at all levels is moderate and the information types are standardized. Its information flow system can conveniently set up "damping control of DC to AC channel, mutual emergency power transfer between DC, emergency power support and transient stability control of DC to AC receiving and sending end systems, etc." in the DC centralized control center. Control function, so as to effectively improve the damping characteristics of the AC-DC hybrid power grid, and improve the transient and dynamic safety and stability of the power grid as a whole.
本发明的直流集控中心拥有独立的实时数据库、历史数据库和运行人员工作站，系统可靠性高。The DC centralized control center of the present invention has independent real-time databases, historical databases and operator workstations, and has high system reliability.
本发明的直流集控中心与交流控制中心直接有信号联系并实现信息共享，交流和直流状态信息独立采样和独占通信通道，扰动发生时可迅速动作，同时由于采用功率调制而避免切除部分发电机组或切除部分负荷，提高了系统运行的经济性。The DC centralized control center of the present invention has direct signal connection with the AC control center and realizes information sharing. The AC and DC status information is independently sampled and monopolizes the communication channel. When a disturbance occurs, it can act quickly and at the same time avoid cutting off part of the generator set due to the use of power modulation. Or cut off part of the load, which improves the economy of system operation.
本发明提出的直流集控中心结构合理、功能完善，能够应用于实际电网中，满足大规模直流外送要求。The DC centralized control center proposed by the invention has a reasonable structure and perfect functions, can be applied to an actual power grid, and meets the requirements for large-scale direct current transmission.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为常规高压直流集中控制结构规划方案一。Figure 1 is the planning scheme 1 of the conventional HVDC centralized control structure.
图2为常规高压直流集中控制结构规划方案二。Figure 2 shows the second scheme of conventional HVDC centralized control structure planning.
图3为本发明提供的适用于大规模直流外送的直流集中控制结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC centralized control structure suitable for large-scale direct current transmission provided by the present invention.
图4为本发明提供的直流系统的调度关系图。Fig. 4 is a diagram of the scheduling relationship of the DC system provided by the present invention.
图5为本发明提供的换流站、集控中心与西北电网总调三者之间的信息流示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of information flow between the converter station, the centralized control center and the Northwest Power Grid General Dispatcher provided by the present invention.
图6为本发明提供的状态采样和控制信号流程体系结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the state sampling and control signal flow architecture provided by the present invention.
图7为本发明提供的直流集控中心控制流程图。Fig. 7 is a control flow chart of the DC centralized control center provided by the present invention.
图8为本发明提供的分层控制与结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of hierarchical control and structure provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
在分析现有集控中心优缺点基础上，本实施例综合考虑各换流站的设备状况、地理位置、电网结构和现有生产管理体系等因素，适用于大规模直流外送的高压直流集中控制的整体结构规划可如图3所示的方案：On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing centralized control center, this embodiment comprehensively considers the equipment status, geographical location, power grid structure and existing production management system of each converter station, and is suitable for centralized high-voltage direct current transmission of large-scale direct current. The overall structure planning of the control can be shown in Figure 3:
该方案的特点是：①系统中各个部分的功能和职责明确，集中控制中心处理所辖直流系统的全部信息，电网调度中心则主要监控与电网运行安全相关的参数；②实施集中控制后，各级自动化系统局域网上的信息流量适中，信息类型规范；③集中控制中心拥有独立的实时数据库、历史数据库和运行人员工作站，系统可靠性高。The characteristics of this scheme are: ①The functions and responsibilities of each part of the system are clear, the centralized control center handles all the information of the DC system under its jurisdiction, and the power grid dispatching center mainly monitors the parameters related to the safety of the power grid operation; ②After the implementation of centralized control, each The information flow on the local area network of the level automation system is moderate, and the information types are standardized; ③The centralized control center has independent real-time databases, historical databases and operating personnel workstations, and the system has high reliability.
据此，本实施例提出的一种适用于大规模直流外送的直流集控中心的实现方法，是在输电断面安装状态信息采集装置，将采集的线路电压、电流、有功功率参数上传至直流集控中心，直流集控中心通过对采集的数据进行计算分析，将控制指令下发给各个换流站，实现多回直流系统的集中统一调控，其具体步骤包括：Accordingly, a method for implementing a DC centralized control center suitable for large-scale DC external transmission proposed in this embodiment is to install a state information collection device on the transmission section, and upload the collected line voltage, current, and active power parameters to the DC Centralized control center, the DC centralized control center calculates and analyzes the collected data, sends control instructions to each converter station, and realizes the centralized and unified control of the multi-circuit DC system. The specific steps include:
(1)在输电断面安装状态信息采集装置，包括电压互感器、电流互感器、功率计量单元，光纤发送和接收装置；(1) Install state information acquisition devices on transmission sections, including voltage transformers, current transformers, power metering units, optical fiber sending and receiving devices;
(2)所述状态信息采集装置将采集的线路电压、电流、有功功率参数上传至直流集控中心；(2) The state information acquisition device uploads the collected line voltage, current, and active power parameters to the DC centralized control center;
(3)所述直流集控中心与电网调度中心通信，将所述状态信息采集装置传输的数据进行分析；(3) The DC centralized control center communicates with the power grid dispatching center, and analyzes the data transmitted by the state information collection device;
(4)所述直流集控中心将分析结果发送给电网调度中心，并根据分析结果将控制指令下发给各个换流站，主要是基于电力网络方程，进行直流调制量计算，指令通过光纤通道发送给直流换流站用于调节直流控制系统和换流变压器分接头开关。(4) The DC centralized control center sends the analysis results to the power grid dispatching center, and sends control instructions to each converter station according to the analysis results, mainly based on the power network equation, to calculate the DC modulation amount, and the instructions pass through the optical fiber channel Sent to the DC converter station for regulation of the DC control system and converter transformer tap changer.
(5)所述电网调度中心根据分析结果改变运行方式，用于减小直流功率变化对电网的影响。(5) The power grid dispatching center changes the operation mode according to the analysis result, so as to reduce the impact of the DC power change on the power grid.
其中：in:
现有的高压直流系统的远方集中控制尚无工程先例可循,本实施例运行、维护和管理模式应采用积极稳妥的原则。初期采用集控中心控制、换流站有人值守的模式;待积累一定的运行经验和技术条件成熟后,远期采取无人值班模式。直流集控中心作为西北电网总调与换流站之间联系的重要纽带,遵循上下级的运行管理模式，其调度关系如图5所示。直流集控中心作为中间环节分别向各换流站下发指令。具体的，换流站、集控中心与西北电网总调三者之间的信息流关系如图5所示。There is no engineering precedent for the remote centralized control of the existing high-voltage direct current system. The operation, maintenance and management mode of this embodiment should adopt the principle of active and steady. In the initial stage, the mode of centralized control center control and manned converter stations will be adopted; after a certain amount of operating experience and technical conditions are matured, the unattended mode will be adopted in the long term. As an important link between the general dispatching and the converter station of the Northwest Power Grid, the DC centralized control center follows the operation and management mode of the upper and lower levels, and its dispatching relationship is shown in Figure 5. As an intermediate link, the DC centralized control center issues instructions to each converter station respectively. Specifically, the information flow relationship between the converter station, the centralized control center and the general dispatching of the Northwest Power Grid is shown in Figure 5.
1)集控中心与直流换流站的信息交换：为实现集控中心运行人员的监控操作,换流站与集控中心之间传递信息,包括SCADA、功率、AC保护、AC/DC故障录波等的数据和信号。这些信号分为：换流站到集控中心的上传信号、集控中心到换流站的指令信息、换流站到集控中心的事件信息等。1) Information exchange between the centralized control center and the DC converter station: In order to realize the monitoring operation of the operators of the centralized control center, information is transmitted between the converter station and the centralized control center, including SCADA, power, AC protection, and AC/DC fault records. Waves and other data and signals. These signals are divided into: the upload signal from the converter station to the centralized control center, the command information from the centralized control center to the converter station, the event information from the converter station to the centralized control center, etc.
2)西北电网总调与换流站的信息交换：西北电网总调与换流站之间的通信已经非常成熟,在建立集控中心后,两者之间的通信信号基本保持不变。2) Information exchange between the general dispatching of the Northwest Power Grid and the converter station: The communication between the general dispatching of the Northwest Power Grid and the converter station is very mature. After the establishment of the centralized control center, the communication signals between the two remain basically unchanged.
3)集控中心与西北电网总调的信息交换：集控中心汇集了较全面的高压直流系统信息,并与西北电网总调之间建构信息交换通道,该通道可以作为西北电网总调与换流站之间通信的备用通道。集控中心可对系统信息进行统计分析，并将结果上传。3) Information exchange between the centralized control center and the general dispatching of the Northwest Power Grid: the centralized control center has collected more comprehensive high-voltage DC system information, and constructed an information exchange channel with the general dispatching of the Northwest Power Grid. Alternate channel for communication between streaming stations. The centralized control center can conduct statistical analysis on system information and upload the results.
因此,集控中心可部分分担原来由西北电网调度承担的工作,减轻调度的数据处理及调度工作压力。Therefore, the centralized control center can partly share the work originally undertaken by the dispatching of the Northwest Power Grid, and reduce the data processing and dispatching work pressure of dispatching.
在信息采集时：When collecting information:
本实施例实施以下状态量的采样信息和控制信号流程体系结构，如图6所示。集控中心根据调度中心和实时采集的数据，将控制指令下发回换流站，实现统一调控。本实施例电力系统采用分层控制体系，确定状态量的采样信息和控制信号的流程体系后，即可设计直流集中控制中心的分层控制策略及其结构。对于图6所展示的信号流体系，其整体实现的系统如图7所示。This embodiment implements the following state quantity sampling information and control signal flow architecture, as shown in FIG. 6 . The centralized control center sends control commands back to the converter station based on the dispatch center and real-time collected data to achieve unified control. The power system of this embodiment adopts a layered control system. After determining the sampling information of the state quantities and the process system of the control signal, the layered control strategy and structure of the DC centralized control center can be designed. For the signal flow system shown in Figure 6, its overall implementation system is shown in Figure 7.
且由图8可知，全网交直流系统的安全防御控制策略会给出一个全局优化的直流辅助指令，而全网的经济调度会给出一个直流基本指令。这样直流集中控制中心逐步演变为一个多回直流系统集中控制、任务分配和调度的执行机构。And it can be seen from Fig. 8 that the security defense control strategy of the whole network AC and DC system will give a globally optimized DC auxiliary command, and the economic dispatch of the whole network will give a DC basic command. In this way, the DC centralized control center has gradually evolved into an executive body for centralized control, task assignment and scheduling of multi-circuit DC systems.
本实施例不仅可以实现图1和图2中的高级控制功能，且能将直流和交流集控都纳入到全网的安全控制体系中去，实现最终全网的经济调度和安全防御控制。This embodiment can not only realize the advanced control functions shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, but also incorporate both DC and AC centralized control into the security control system of the entire network to achieve economic dispatch and security defense control of the entire network.
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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