CN103256906B - A kind of precise calculation method for electronic theodolite stumpage timber volume - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种电子经纬仪立木材积精准测算方法，本发明是关于森林资源调查的方法，它属于一种无伐倒无损树干的材积测算方法。其特征在于：首先利用胸径尺测量立木地径和1.3米处直径，其次利用电子经纬仪测量树干1.3米处直径至树顶的水平夹角和天顶距，最后使用区分求积法计算立木材积。本方法充分利用了电子经纬仪精度高、灵活以及低成本的特点，降低了外业调查的成本，提高了立木材积测量外业操作和内业处理的效率。实验证明，本方法完全可以替代伐倒木区分求积。

The invention discloses a method for accurately measuring and calculating the volume of standing trees with an electronic theodolite. The invention relates to a method for investigating forest resources, which belongs to a method for measuring and calculating the volume of trees without felling or damaging trunks. It is characterized in that: firstly, the diameter of the standing tree and the diameter at 1.3 meters are measured by using the DBH ruler; secondly, the horizontal angle and the zenith distance from the diameter of the trunk at 1.3 meters to the top of the tree are measured by an electronic theodolite; The method fully utilizes the characteristics of high precision, flexibility and low cost of the electronic theodolite, reduces the cost of field investigation, and improves the efficiency of field operation and interior processing of standing tree volume measurement. Experiments have proved that this method can completely replace felled wood division and quadrature.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种电子经纬仪立木材积精准测算方法A Method for Accurately Calculating Standing Volume of Electronic Theodolite

一、技术领域1. Technical field

本发明是关于森林资源调查的方法，特别是关于一种立木材积精准测算的方法。The invention relates to a method for investigating forest resources, in particular to a method for accurately measuring and calculating the volume of standing trees.

二、技术背景2. Technical Background

树干材积是森林调查的重要基础信息之一，通过传统方法来测定这些数据会给我们带来测量精度不高、限制条件多、操作繁琐等不便。中国目前有几千个林场，每十年进行一次二类调查，这样每次就要伐倒近30万棵树来重新修订材积表。这种伐倒立木后然后利用区分求积式求算立木材积的方法虽然精度比较高，但对我国森林资源的损伤太大，不符合我们保护生态环境的宗旨。Trunk volume is one of the important basic information of forest surveys. Determination of these data by traditional methods will bring us inconvenience such as low measurement accuracy, many restrictive conditions, and cumbersome operations. There are thousands of forest farms in China at present, and a second-class survey is carried out every ten years, so nearly 300,000 trees have to be felled each time to revise the volume table. Although the method of calculating the volume of the standing tree by using the differential quadrature formula after felling the standing tree is relatively high, it does too much damage to the forest resources of our country and does not meet our purpose of protecting the ecological environment.

随着测绘技术的成熟和普及，电子经纬仪以其高精度、低成本的优点逐渐应用于各行各业。电子经纬仪在测树中的应用，不仅提高了测树速度、精度和效率。更重要的是不用伐倒林木和爬树，不对林木有任何损害就可以自动、实时获取测树因子。本方法就是在这样的背景下产生的。With the maturity and popularization of surveying and mapping technology, electronic theodolite is gradually used in various industries due to its advantages of high precision and low cost. The application of electronic theodolite in tree measurement not only improves the speed, accuracy and efficiency of tree measurement. More importantly, the tree measurement factor can be obtained automatically and in real time without felling trees and climbing trees, without any damage to the trees. This method is produced under such background.

三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是在不伐倒、不破坏树木的原则下精确获取树杆的胸径、上部直径、任意处高度等测树因子并且实现观测自动化、，数据采集自动化、数据存贮通讯自动化、单株木材积计算自动化。The purpose of the present invention is to accurately obtain tree measurement factors such as diameter at breast height, upper diameter, and height at any point of the tree under the principle of not felling or destroying trees, and to realize automatic observation, automatic data collection, automatic data storage and communication, and single Automatic tree volume calculation.

主要发明内容：Main invention content:

①一种只需测量胸径、地径、胸径以上任意处树干的水平夹角和天顶距、以及树顶天顶距就可以精确计算立木材积的方法。①A method that can accurately calculate the volume of standing trees only by measuring the diameter at breast height, the ground diameter, the horizontal angle and the zenith distance of the trunk at any place above the diameter at breast height, and the zenith distance at the top of the tree.

②任意处树干直径和树高的获取。②Acquisition of tree trunk diameter and tree height at any place.

③树高及材积计算模型建立。③Establishment of tree height and volume calculation model.

本发明具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:

(1)大大提高了相关数据的精度，由于本研究采用了高精度测绘仪器——电子经纬仪作为数据采集工具，较传统测树方法精度有数量级的提高，这样获得的数据作为测树因子数据来源，必然大大提高这些数据的精度；(1) The accuracy of relevant data has been greatly improved. Since this study uses a high-precision surveying and mapping instrument—electronic theodolite as a data collection tool, the accuracy of the traditional tree measurement method has an order of magnitude improvement. The data obtained in this way are used as the data source of the tree measurement factor , it is bound to greatly improve the accuracy of these data;

(2)显著提高森林资源调查的工作效率，传统的森林资源调查中，调查数据需要笔记，并配合计算器进行计算，工序繁琐。本研究开发了配套的测树软件，可以实现数据的实时采集、处理和保存，大大提高了野外工作的自动化程度；(2) Significantly improve the work efficiency of forest resource survey. In traditional forest resource survey, the survey data needs notes and calculations with a calculator, and the process is cumbersome. This research has developed supporting tree measuring software, which can realize real-time data collection, processing and storage, greatly improving the automation of field work;

(3)实现了对树木的无损伤测量，传统方法对小班标准木通常都采取做解析木的途径，工作繁琐，且对森林造成伤害。通过电子经纬仪和胸径尺，不用伐倒林木和爬树，不对林木有任何损害就可以自动、实时获取测树因子。这对于当前我国正大力推行的森林可持续经营政策显得尤为重要。(3) The non-damage measurement of the trees is realized. The traditional method usually adopts the method of analyzing the standard wood of the small class, which is cumbersome and causes damage to the forest. Through the electronic theodolite and DBH, the tree measurement factor can be obtained automatically and in real time without felling and climbing trees, without any damage to the trees. This is particularly important for the current sustainable forest management policy that our country is vigorously promoting.

四、附图说明4. Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and examples.

图1为本发明操作过程示意图。图2为本发明斜距测量原理示意图。图3为本发明树干材积分段计算原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of slant distance measurement in the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of tree trunk volume segmented in the present invention.

五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation

首先利用胸径尺测量立木地径和1.3米处直径，其次利用电子经纬仪测量树干1.3米处直径至树顶的水平夹角和天顶距，最后使用区分求积法计算立木材积，具体步骤如下：First, use the DBH to measure the ground diameter of the standing tree and the diameter at 1.3 meters, and then use the electronic theodolite to measure the horizontal angle and zenith distance from the diameter of the tree trunk at 1.3 meters to the top of the tree, and finally calculate the volume of the standing tree using the differential quadrature method. The specific steps are as follows:

(1)使用胸径尺测量地径d₀，树高1.3处直径d₁；(1) Use a DBH ruler to measure the ground diameter d₀ , and the diameter d₁ at the tree height of 1.3;

(2)安置电子经纬仪，从树高1.3米处至树顶按顺序依次分段瞄准树干边缘，获取电子经纬仪望远镜视线瞄准立木左沿、右沿时的水平夹角α₁，α₂，…，α_i，…，α_n-1，α_n和瞄准立木右沿时的天顶距γ₁，γ₂，…，γ_i，…，γ_n-1，γ_n，其中下角标i为分段号；(2) Install the electronic theodolite, aim at the edge of the trunk sequentially and sequentially from the height of 1.3 meters to the top of the tree, and obtain the horizontal angle α₁ , α₂ , ... α_i , ..., α_n-1 , α_n and the zenith distance γ₁ , γ₂ , ..., γ_i , ..., γ_n-1 , γ_n when aiming at the right edge of the standing tree, where the subscript i is segment No;

(3)通过数模①H＝L·[tan(90°-γ_n)-tan(90°-γ₁)]+1.3求得树高H，其中平距L通过数模②求得；通过数模③h_i＝L·[tan(90°-γ_i)-tan(90°-γ_i-1)](i＝2，3，…，n)求得树干任意处分段高度；通过数模④求得任意处直径D_i；(3) Obtain the height H of the tree through the digital model ①H=L·[tan(90°-γ_n )-tan(90°-γ₁ )]+1.3, where the horizontal distance L is passed through the digital model ② Obtained; through the digital model ③_{h i} =L [tan(90°-γ_i )-tan(90°-γ_i-1 )] (i=2,3,...,n) to obtain the section height at any point of the trunk ; Through the digital model ④ Obtain the diameter D_i at any place;

(4)通过数模⑤求得立木材积V。(4) Through digital model ⑤ Calculate the standing volume V.

Claims (1)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种电子经纬仪立木材积精准测算方法，其特征是：首先利用胸径尺测量立木地径和1.3米处直径，其次利用电子经纬仪测量树干1.3米处直径至树顶的水平夹角和天顶距，最后使用区分求积法计算立木材积，具体步骤如下：1. An electronic theodolite standing tree volume accurate measurement method is characterized in that: first utilize the diameter at breast height to measure the standing tree ground diameter and the diameter at 1.3 meters, and secondly utilize the electronic theodolite to measure the horizontal angle and zenith from the diameter at 1.3 meters of the trunk to the top of the tree distance, and finally calculate the volume of the standing timber using the method of differentiation and quadrature, the specific steps are as follows:(1)使用胸径尺测量地径d₀，树高1.3处直径d₁；(1) Use a DBH ruler to measure the ground diameter d₀ , and the diameter d₁ at the tree height of 1.3;(2)安置电子经纬仪，从树高1.3米处至树顶按顺序依次分段瞄准树干边缘，获取电子经纬仪望远镜视线瞄准立木左沿、右沿时的水平夹角α₁，α₂，…，α_i，…，α_n-1，α_n和瞄准立木右沿时的天顶距γ₁，γ₂，…，γ_i，…，γ_n-1，γ_n，其中下角标i为分段号；(2) Install the electronic theodolite, aim at the edge of the trunk sequentially and sequentially from the height of 1.3 meters to the top of the tree, and obtain the horizontal angle α₁ , α₂ , ... α_i , ..., α_n-1 , α_n and the zenith distance γ₁ , γ₂ , ..., γ_i , ..., γ_n-1 , γ_n when aiming at the right edge of the standing tree, where the subscript i is segment No;(3)通过数模①H＝L·[tan(90°-γ_n)-tan(90°-γ₁)]+1.3求得树高H，其中平距L通过数模②求得；通过数模③h_i＝L·[tan(90°-γ_i)-tan(90°-γ_i-1)](i＝2，3，…，n)求得树干任意处分段高度；通过数模④求得任意处直径D_i；(3) Obtain the height H of the tree through the digital model ①H=L·[tan(90°-γ_n )-tan(90°-γ₁ )]+1.3, where the horizontal distance L is passed through the digital model ② Obtained; through the digital model ③_{h i} =L [tan(90°-γ_i )-tan(90°-γ_i-1 )] (i=2,3,...,n) to obtain the section height at any point of the trunk ; Through the digital model ④ Obtain the diameter D_i at any place;(4)通过数模⑤求得立木材积V。(4) Through digital model ⑤ Calculate the standing volume V.