Background technology
In the processing of chemical fibre class textiles and use, polyamide fiber all can produce electrification phenomenon each other or with other object contact frictions, if electric charge constantly accumulates and fails to eliminate, will cause various electrostatic phenomenons.Static makes polyamide textiles processing difficulties, easily adsorbs dust in the product use, and the electric spark that static produces can set off an explosion and fire.Therefore conduction and antistatic fibre be as the polymer fiber material of a kind of high-tech, high added value, civilian, industry with, decoration with and aspect such as military have extremely important and demand widely.
Antistatic approach commonly used is: (1) pure conduction high polymer fiber, and this fibrid antistatic effect is good, but cost is too high; (2) metal fibre, this fibrid antistatic effect is good, but fabric can not dye, and feel is poor; (3) Polymer Surface carburizing fiber, this kind fabric antistatic effect is good, but fastness to washing and stainability are poor; (4) carbon element conductive fiber, this fibrid antistatic effect is good, but stainability not, cost is higher; (5) composite conducting fiber adds fibrous inside and surface with little molecule antistatic additive, but it exists shortcomings such as lack of homogeneity, fastness to washing are poor, gas permeability difference.
Chinese patent application CN102021670A relates to a kind of conductive sheath-core conjugate fiber and manufacture method thereof, specifically, the component that relates to a kind of cortex is that metal or metal alloy, sandwich layer component are the conductive sheath-core conjugate fiber of thermoplastic polyester, and preparation method thereof.The composite fibre cortex component of this invention and the weight ratio of sandwich layer component are 10/90～30/70, and described metal is selected from indium, tin, polonium, bismuth or cadmium.The metal or metal alloy of this composite fibre cortex improves fiber antistatic behaviour, electric conductivity, shielding property greatly, can be applied in the industry of various high-antistatics, anti-radiation requirement.But its feel is poor, and stainability is poor, and cost is higher.
Adopt the complex of inorganic matter among the Chinese patent application CN1099823A, as sodium hydrogensulfite, sodium thiosulfate, ammonium vanadate, copper sulphate etc., and on-macromolecular organic compound, as quaternary ammonium alkyl chloride, alkylamide halide etc. fabric is handled, make it have antistatic effect, such arrangement type processing mode, the fabric that this kind mode is handled, has antistatic effect preferably at the use initial stage, but this kind fabric is wash resistant not, after repeatedly washing, its antistatic effect also reduces gradually even disappears.
Chinese patent CN101205651B discloses a kind of nano durable antistatic textile, and the fiber in the fiber of composition textiles more than 85% is the epithelium fiber; The nano involucra resin bed that the filament surface recombination of described epithelium fiber is made up of one or more resins in polyurethanes, aziridine, esters of acrylic acid, Carbodiimides, the melamine class, the thickness of this nano involucra resin bed is below the 1500nm, and wherein to contain diameter be the following nano level metal conductive particles of 200nm.Metal conductive particles is one or more in silver, copper, the gold.This kind fabric relative cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned defective, the invention provides a kind of antistatic, moisture absorption, dyeable core-skin composite fiber, this fiber has advantages such as good mechanical strength, hygroscopicity, antistatic behaviour and stainability.
This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of antistatic, moisture absorption, dyeable core-skin composite fiber, and it comprises cortex and sandwich layer, the skin/core mass ratio is that 90/10～10/90(is also referred to as skin/core ratio); Sandwich layer is the fiber that has polyhydroxy or many carboxyls with good moisture pick-up properties, stainability energy and antistatic property; But cortex is the high polymer of melt-spun.
The sandwich layer of a kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber is the fiber that has polyhydroxy or many carboxyls with good moisture pick-up properties, stainability energy and antistatic property, at least a in preferred cotton fiber, bamboo fibre, the flax fibre, further preferred bamboo fibre or flax fibre, most preferably bamboo fibre.
But the cortex of a kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber is the high polymer of other melt-spun, and is at least a in preferred polyethylene terephthalate, High Temperature High Pressure type cation dyeable polyester, boiling dyeing at normal pressure type cation dyeable polyester, boiling dyeing at normal pressure type disperse dye dyeable polyester, polypropylene, polyamide 6 or the polyamide 66; More preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66 most preferably are polyamide 6.
The sandwich layer too high levels, though moisture pick-up properties, stainability energy and antistatic property are more excellent, but fibre strength descends, and the operability of spinning process worsens, and the fastness to washing of fabric descends; Sandwich layer content is low excessively, then can not get due moisture absorption, antistatic etc. functional.Emphasis of the present invention has carried out experimental study to the skin/core ratio (mass ratio) of core-sheath compound fibre, and it is 70/30～30/70 o'clock that skin/core ratio (mass ratio) is preferably, and this composite fibre has better antistatic, moisture absorption, stainability energy.Skin/core ratio (mass ratio) more preferably 65/35～40/60 most preferably is 45/55.The specification of this composite fibre and physical and mechanical properties can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
A kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber can be made as follows: above-mentioned cortex and core material are adopted composite spinning equipment, with 2 screw extruders difference fusion skins, sandwich layer high polymer, high polymer molten is transported to composite spining module extrudes after measuring pump metering, the melt strand cools off, oiling, reeling obtains core-sheath compound fibre after stretching, finalizing the design.
A kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber can adopt conventional low speed spinning-stretching (UDY-DT), high speed spinning-stretching (POY-DT), high speed spinning-false twist texturing (POY-DTY), spin-lead associating one-step method processing technologys such as (FDY) makes drafted fibre, also can adopt the POY-DTY processing technology to make false twist yarn, to meet the different needs.
The cross section of a kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber for circular or other can reality can accept shape; The sandwich layer cross section can be circle, square, cross, rice font or other machinable figure.
A kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber can spin long and short fiber, as woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-weaving cloth, have good hygroscopicity, dry and comfortable soft hand feeling and high dyefastness.Be applicable to purposes such as high-purity stationary ring such as clothes, curtain, wallpaper, bedding, filling cotton and electronics, medicine border Work Clothes.
The present invention has also developed a kind of cloth, and it is made up of antistatic, moisture absorption, dyeable core-skin composite fiber and photocatalyst coating, and described photocatalyst coating is nano titanium oxide, and the photocatalyst coating layer thickness is 20nm.
The present invention is antistatic, moisture absorption, dyeable core-skin composite fiber be as basic unit's cloth, disinfect oven dry in alcohol after, spraying contains the photocatalyst of nano titanium oxide, forms the photocatalyst coating, and then oven dry, namely gets a kind of cloth with disinfection function.This cloth has antibiotic and sterilizing, effectively removes organic pollution, continuation and safe advantages such as formaldehyde.
The nano titanium oxide photocatalyst is light source with ultraviolet light, sunshine, fluorescent lamp, excite the electronics (e-) on the valence band to transit to conduction band, produce corresponding hole (h+) in valence band, generation has superoxide ion free radical, hydroxyl radical free radical, the super oxygen hydroxyl radical free radical of extremely strong oxidation, and the oxidation Decomposition such as pollutant, foul smell, bacterium that is attached to fabric face is become harmless CO2And H2O, product have the antiseptic property of high-efficiency broad spectrum, can effectively control the cross infection of bacterium, virus and remove the stink peculiar smell, reach the purpose of control bacterial reproduction and deodorizing.Simultaneously, this product has good absorption to ultraviolet ray, spreads upon textile surface or adds in the textile raw material and not only can effectively reduce ultraviolet ray transmissivity, and be conducive to improve the ageing resistace of textiles.In addition, the nano titanium oxide photocatalyst has good self-cleaning anti-pollution function.This product itself does not change and loss only provides a reacting environment, has lasting, continuous action of time, safe, nontoxic advantage, does not produce secondary pollution, is the free of contamination product of internationally recognized environmental protection.
There is data to show, to the good killing effect that has of bacteriums such as staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, Escherichia coli.Test result shows that also nano titanium oxide can produce unique photocatalysis under the effect of light, airborne toxic and harmful can not only be decomposed and eliminate, and bacterium, mould, virus are had very strong killing action.For example pernicious gases such as the nano antibacterial coating formaldehyde that interior decoration can be produced, toluene, dimethylbenzene, ammonia, TVOC are powerful decomposes and eliminates, and makes room air more pure and fresh, the harm of having avoided toxic and harmful that human body is caused.
Product can be widely used in knitting underwear, sportswear, socks, carpet etc.Antibiotic short fiber can be made medical sheet, operation dress, working doctor clothes, patient's gown, food service industry specialty clothes and various bedding, UPHOLSTERY FABRIC, bunting and various underwear, clothes etc. with cotton blending.
The advantage of compared with prior art, a kind of antistatic, moisture absorption of the present invention, dyeable core-skin composite fiber is:
1. this core-sheath compound fibre possesses intensity height, moisture absorption, anlistatig advantage simultaneously.When the specification of this core-sheath compound fibre was 75dtex/36f, fracture strength was greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.The hygroscopicity that has 5-30% under this core-sheath compound fibre normal temperature.The ratio resistance value of this core-sheath compound fibre can reach 107Ω cm, and with the increase of sandwich layer content, descending than resistance value has durable antistatic, but skin/core ratio (mass ratio) most preferably is 65/35～40/60.
2. this core-sheath compound fibre degree of staining is full, and COLOR FASTNESS is good, and this core-sheath compound fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing.
3. this core-sheath compound fibre wash resistant.
4. partly draw materials natural material, recyclable materials of this core-sheath compound fibre, the protection environment has reduced cost.
5, this core-sheath compound fibre has antibiotic and sterilizing in conjunction with the cloth that the photocatalyst coating makes, and effectively removes organic pollution, continuation and safe advantages such as formaldehyde.
The specific embodiment
Following content be in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment to further describing that the present invention does, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some simple deduction or replace; all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention; the present invention uses but the technology and the indexing section that do not describe, is prior art.
Antistatic property test employing standard GB/T12703-91 of the present invention, GB/T 15738-1995, ASTM D257; Antistatic durability is 0217 No. 103 standard of process JIS L; Washing fastness adopts UNI EN 20105794; GB/T 13783-1992 is adopted in the test of fibrous fracture specific strength; The mensuration of acid and alkali-resistance COLOR FASTNESS is pressed GB/T 3922.
Embodiment 1
The core-sheath compound fibre of synthetic following proportioning: the mass ratio of dyeable polyester/cotton fiber is 70/30.
With two screw rods, control temperature separately, respectively fusion constitute skin-core High Temperature High Pressure type cation dyeable polyester (CDP) (A), two kinds of raw materials of cotton fiber, be transported to spinning manifold through separately melt pipeline, by measuring pump melt is sent into the precursor that obtains the sheath-core type composite fibre after the core-skin type composite spining module is extruded, cools off, oils, reeled in accordance with regulations quantitatively again, precursor drawn typing more just can obtain the finished product sheath core fiber.255 ℃ of spinning temperatures, winding speed can be adjusted in the 2000m/min scope, 90 ℃ of draft temperatures, 160 ℃ of setting temperatures, 2.0 times of draw ratios.
The equilibrium moisture regain of this fiber is 2.1%, can dye any color.
Above-mentioned fibre is carried out the antistatic property test, and testing standard adopts ASTM D257.
The result is as follows: 21.5 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of relative humidity 60%, the resistivity that records sample surfaces is 7.3 * 1011Ω/sq.This core-skin fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing, has durable antistatic.
The specification of this core-skin composite fiber is 75dtex/36f or 125dtex/36f etc., and fracture strength is greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
The initial friction electrostatic pressure of this core-sheath compound fibre only is 7.9kV, and the half-life is 10s, and the speed of electrostatic attenuation is very fast, and electrostatic pressure only remains 3.8kV behind the 10s, decays to 0 more slowly then.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic performance.
The antistatic durability of this core-sheath compound fibre is for pressing determination method standard test result through after JIS L 0217 No. 103 standard wash 20 times below 3000V in JIS L 1094 frictional electrifications.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic endurance quality.
Embodiment 2
The core-sheath compound fibre of synthetic following proportioning: the mass ratio of polyethylene terephthalate/cotton fiber is 30/70.
With two screw rods, control temperature separately, fusion constitutes High Temperature High Pressure type CATION polyethylene terephthalate, two kinds of raw materials of cotton fiber of skin-core respectively, be transported to spinning manifold through separately melt pipeline, by measuring pump melt is sent into the precursor that obtains the sheath-core type composite fibre after the core-skin type composite spining module is extruded, cools off, oils, reeled in accordance with regulations quantitatively again, precursor drawn typing more just can obtain the finished product sheath core fiber.270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, winding speed can be adjusted in the 1900m/min scope, 95 ℃ of draft temperatures, 170 ℃ of setting temperatures, 2.0 times of draw ratios.
The equilibrium moisture regain of this fiber is 3.7%, can dye any color.
Above-mentioned fibre is carried out the antistatic property test, and testing standard adopts ASTM D257.
The result is as follows: 21.5 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of relative humidity 60%, the resistivity that records sample surfaces is 2.1 * 109Ω/sq.This core-skin fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing, has durable antistatic.
The specification of this core-skin composite fiber is 75dtex/36f or 125dtex/36f etc., and fracture strength is greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
The initial friction electrostatic pressure of this core-sheath compound fibre only is 6.3kV, and the half-life is 7.6s, and the speed of electrostatic attenuation is very fast, and electrostatic pressure only remains 1.9kV behind the 10s, decays to 0 more slowly then.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic performance.
The antistatic durability of this core-sheath compound fibre is for pressing determination method standard test result through after JIS L 0217 No. 103 standard wash 20 times below 3000V in JIS L 1094 frictional electrifications.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic endurance quality.
Embodiment 3
The core-sheath compound fibre of synthetic following proportioning: the mass ratio of boiling dyeing at normal pressure type cation dyeable polyester/bamboo fibre is 65/35.
With two screw rods, control temperature separately, the High Temperature High Pressure type cation normal-pressure of fusion formation skin-core boils and dyes type cation dyeable polyester, two kinds of raw materials of bamboo fibre respectively, be transported to spinning manifold through separately melt pipeline, by measuring pump melt is sent into the precursor that obtains the sheath-core type composite fibre after the core-skin type composite spining module is extruded, cools off, oils, reeled in accordance with regulations quantitatively again, precursor drawn typing more just can obtain the finished product sheath core fiber.255 ℃ of spinning temperatures, winding speed can be adjusted in the 1800m/min scope, 90 ℃ of draft temperatures, 170 ℃ of setting temperatures, 2.1 times of draw ratios.
The equilibrium moisture regain of this fiber is 2.9%, can dye any color.
Above-mentioned fibre is carried out the antistatic property test, and testing standard adopts ASTM D257.
The result is as follows: 21.5 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of relative humidity 60%, the resistivity that records sample surfaces is 5.1 * 1010Ω/sq.This core-skin fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing, has durable antistatic.
The specification of this core-skin composite fiber is 75dtex/36f or 125dtex/36f etc., and fracture strength is greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
The initial friction electrostatic pressure of this core-sheath compound fibre only is 7.2kV, and the half-life is 9.1s, and the speed of electrostatic attenuation is very fast, and electrostatic pressure only remains 5.1kV behind the 10s, decays to 0 more slowly then.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic performance.
The antistatic durability of this core-sheath compound fibre is for pressing determination method standard test result through after JIS L 0217 No. 103 standard wash 20 times below 3000V in JIS L 1094 frictional electrifications.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic endurance quality.
Embodiment 4
The core-sheath compound fibre of synthetic following proportioning: the mass ratio of polyamide 6/bamboo fibre is 45/55.
With two screw rods, control temperature separately, fusion constitutes two kinds of raw materials of High Temperature High Pressure type cationic polyamide 6, bamboo fibre of skin-core respectively, be transported to spinning manifold through separately melt pipeline, by measuring pump melt is sent into the precursor that obtains the sheath-core type composite fibre after the core-skin type composite spining module is extruded, cools off, oils, reeled in accordance with regulations quantitatively again, precursor drawn typing more just can obtain the finished product sheath core fiber.230 ℃ of spinning temperatures, winding speed can be adjusted in the 2000m/min scope, 85 ℃ of draft temperatures, 160 ℃ of setting temperatures, 2.1 times of draw ratios.
The equilibrium moisture regain of this fiber is 6.2%, can dye any color.
21.5 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of relative humidity 60%, the resistivity that records sample surfaces is 3.5 * 107Ω/sq.This core-skin fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing, has durable antistatic.
The specification of this core-skin composite fiber is 75dtex/36f or 125dtex/36f etc., and fracture strength is greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
The initial friction electrostatic pressure of this core-sheath compound fibre only is 0.14V, and the half-life is 2.0s, and the speed of electrostatic attenuation is very fast, and electrostatic pressure only remains 0.05kV behind the 10s, decays to 0 very soon then.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic performance.
The antistatic durability of this core-sheath compound fibre is for pressing determination method standard test result through after JIS L 0217 No. 103 standard wash 20 times below 3000V in JIS L 1094 frictional electrifications.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic endurance quality.
Embodiment 5
The core-sheath compound fibre of synthetic following proportioning: the mass ratio of polyamide 6/flax fibre is 45/55.
With two screw rods, control temperature separately, fusion constitutes two kinds of raw materials of High Temperature High Pressure type cationic polyamide 6, flax fibre of skin-core respectively, be transported to spinning manifold through separately melt pipeline, by measuring pump melt is sent into the precursor that obtains the sheath-core type composite fibre after the core-skin type composite spining module is extruded, cools off, oils, reeled in accordance with regulations quantitatively again, precursor drawn typing more just can obtain the finished product sheath core fiber.230 ℃ of spinning temperatures, winding speed can be adjusted in the 2000m/min scope, 85 ℃ of draft temperatures, 160 ℃ of setting temperatures, 2.5 times of draw ratios.
The equilibrium moisture regain of this fiber is 3.0%, can dye any color.
21.5 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of relative humidity 60%, the resistivity that records sample surfaces is 7.2 * 109Ω/sq.This core-skin fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing, has durable antistatic.
The specification of this core-skin composite fiber is 75dtex/36f or 125dtex/36f etc., and fracture strength is greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
The initial friction electrostatic pressure of this core-sheath compound fibre only is 5.9kV, and the half-life is 8.7s, and the speed of electrostatic attenuation is very fast, and electrostatic pressure only remains 1.7kV behind the 10s, decays to 0 more slowly then.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic performance.
The antistatic durability of this core-sheath compound fibre is for pressing determination method standard test result through after JIS L 0217 No. 103 standard wash 20 times below 3000V in JIS L 1094 frictional electrifications.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic endurance quality.
Embodiment 6
The core-sheath compound fibre of synthetic following proportioning: the mass ratio of polyamide 66/flax fibre is 45/55.
With two screw rods, control temperature separately, fusion constitutes two kinds of raw materials of High Temperature High Pressure type cationic polyamide 66, flax fibre of skin-core respectively, be transported to spinning manifold through separately melt pipeline, by measuring pump melt is sent into the precursor that obtains the sheath-core type composite fibre after the core-skin type composite spining module is extruded, cools off, oils, reeled in accordance with regulations quantitatively again, precursor drawn typing more just can obtain the finished product sheath core fiber.285 ℃ of spinning temperatures, winding speed can be adjusted in the 1800m/min scope, 95 ℃ of draft temperatures, 180 ℃ of setting temperatures, 2.6 times of draw ratios.
The equilibrium moisture regain of this fiber is 3.5%, can dye any color.
21.5 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of relative humidity 60%, the resistivity that records sample surfaces is 9.7 * 108Ω/sq.More excellent before the ratio resistance value of dyeing back fiber dyes, show that this core-skin fibre can stand the high-temperature process of dyeing and finishing processing, has durable antistatic.
The specification of this core-skin composite fiber is 75dtex/36f or 125dtex/36f etc., and fracture strength is greater than 3.0cN/dtex, and extension at break is 20%～25%, can satisfy the requirement of weaving processing fully.
The initial friction electrostatic pressure of this core-sheath compound fibre only is 3.1kV, and the half-life is 3.5s, and the speed of electrostatic attenuation is very fast, and electrostatic pressure only remains 0.9kV behind the 10s, comparatively fast decays to 0 then.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic performance.
The antistatic durability of this core-sheath compound fibre is for pressing determination method standard test result through after JIS L 0217 No. 103 standard wash 20 times below 3000V in JIS L 1094 frictional electrifications.Illustrate that this core-sheath compound fibre has good antistatic endurance quality.
Embodiment 7
A kind of cloth, it is made up of antistatic, moisture absorption, dyeable core-skin composite fiber and photocatalyst coating, and described photocatalyst coating is nano titanium oxide, and the photocatalyst coating layer thickness is 20nm.
The preparation method, antistatic, moisture absorption, the dyeable core-skin composite fiber of getting embodiment 1-6 preparation are woven into basic unit's cloth, after disinfecting oven dry in alcohol, spraying contains the photocatalyst (used photocatalyst meets the examination criteria of CMA sterilization detection, harmful substance degraded and nontoxic experiment) of nano titanium oxide, form the photocatalyst coating, the photocatalyst coating layer thickness is 20nm, and then the oven dry, namely a kind of cloth with disinfection function.This cloth detects according to GB/T 20944.1-2007 and GB/T 20944.3-2008 and GB/T18883-2002, has antibiotic and sterilizing, effectively remove the effect of formaldehyde, and these effects has persistence.