CN103196746A - Novel device for pseudo tri-axial creep of rock and earth engineering test block and using method of device - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置及其使用方法，包括包围岩土体试块的多块环绕钢板，每个环绕钢板与一个压力可调的弹簧垂直施压装置连接，在岩土体试块的顶部设有压力可调的纵向加载装置，弹簧垂直施压装置与环绕钢板间设有压力传感器，压力传感器和加载装置与控制装置连接，弹簧垂直施压装置与纵向加载装置连接。解决了以前实验中的诸多不便，弹簧压力简单而容易实现，便于调节；旋转螺丝挤压弹簧的方式避免了以往装置大量繁琐机械化控制，大幅度提升实验效率；蠕变过程变形较慢，通过适时调整旋转螺丝，避免弹簧略微伸长带来的轻微误差，保证了实验精度；压力传感器保证了蠕变围压的恒定，确保了低强度假三轴蠕变实验的准确性。

The present invention relates to a novel device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test blocks and its application method, comprising a plurality of surrounding steel plates surrounding the test block of rock and soil, and each surrounding steel plate is vertically pressed by a spring with adjustable pressure Device connection, a pressure-adjustable longitudinal loading device is provided on the top of the rock and soil test block, a pressure sensor is arranged between the spring vertical pressure device and the surrounding steel plate, the pressure sensor and the loading device are connected with the control device, and the spring vertical pressure device Connect with longitudinal loading device. It solves many inconveniences in the previous experiments, the spring pressure is simple and easy to realize, and is easy to adjust; the way of rotating the screw to squeeze the spring avoids a lot of cumbersome mechanized control of the previous device, and greatly improves the efficiency of the experiment; the deformation of the creep process is slow, and through timely Adjust the rotating screw to avoid the slight error caused by the slight elongation of the spring, ensuring the accuracy of the experiment; the pressure sensor ensures the constant creep confining pressure, ensuring the accuracy of the low-strength false triaxial creep experiment.

Description

Translated fromChinese

用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置及其使用方法Novel device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test block and its application method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to a novel device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test block and its application method.

背景技术Background technique

蠕变是指固体材料在保持应力不变的条件下，应变随时间延长而增加的现象。它与塑性变形不同，塑性变形通常在应力超过弹性极限之后才出现，而蠕变只要应力的作用时间相当长，它在应力小于弹性极限时也能出现。Creep refers to the phenomenon that the strain of a solid material increases with time under the condition of keeping the stress constant. It is different from plastic deformation, which usually occurs after the stress exceeds the elastic limit, and creep can occur when the stress is less than the elastic limit, as long as the stress is applied for a long time.

岩土工程中蠕变现象非常普遍，很多岩土工程灾害也与岩土体蠕变息息相关，如滑坡，塌方，地基沉降等，因此研究岩土体蠕变非常必要，这也是岩土工程安全的重要保证。Creep phenomenon is very common in geotechnical engineering, and many geotechnical engineering disasters are also closely related to rock and soil creep, such as landslides, landslides, foundation settlements, etc. Important guarantee.

目前，国内外对岩土体蠕变现象已进行了深入研究，相应的实验装置应运而生，单轴蠕变实验装置较为普遍，但不能准确描述试件的实际受力状态，三轴实验装置相对较少，如油压蠕变实验机，气压实验机等，但大多数都适用于高强度蠕变实验的研究，虽然可以进行对低强度试件的实验，但操作过于繁琐，效率低下；低强度蠕变实验装置比较少见，前人所研发的实验装置过于复杂，全电子操控，虽然基本满足精度的要求，但实验效率与实验操作存在较大问题，越来越难以满足岩土工程的发展需要。At present, the creep phenomenon of rock and soil has been deeply studied at home and abroad, and corresponding experimental devices have emerged. Uniaxial creep experimental devices are more common, but they cannot accurately describe the actual stress state of the specimen. Triaxial experimental devices There are relatively few, such as hydraulic creep testing machines, pneumatic testing machines, etc., but most of them are suitable for the research of high-strength creep experiments. Although experiments on low-strength specimens can be carried out, the operation is too cumbersome and inefficient; Low-strength creep experimental devices are relatively rare. The experimental devices developed by predecessors are too complicated and fully electronically controlled. Although they basically meet the requirements of accuracy, there are major problems in experimental efficiency and experimental operation, and it is increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of geotechnical engineering. development needs.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于设计一种用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置及其使用方法，有效保证实验精度，提高实验效率，方便实验操作。The purpose of the present invention is to design a novel device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test blocks and its use method, which can effectively ensure the accuracy of the experiment, improve the efficiency of the experiment, and facilitate the experiment operation.

为实现上述目的，本设计采用如下方案：In order to achieve the above purpose, this design adopts the following scheme:

一种用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置，它包括包围岩土体试块的多块环绕钢板，每个环绕钢板与一个压力可调的弹簧垂直施压装置连接，在岩土体试块的顶部设有压力可调的纵向加载装置，弹簧垂直施压装置与环绕钢板间设有压力传感器，压力传感器和加载装置与控制装置连接，弹簧垂直施压装置与纵向加载装置连接。A new type of device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test blocks, which includes multiple surrounding steel plates surrounding the rock and soil mass test block, each surrounding steel plate is connected with a pressure-adjustable spring vertical pressure device, in The top of the rock and soil test block is equipped with a pressure-adjustable longitudinal loading device. A pressure sensor is installed between the spring vertical pressure device and the surrounding steel plate. The pressure sensor and the loading device are connected with the control device. The spring vertical pressure device and the longitudinal loading device connect.

所述弹簧垂直施压装置包括一个高强度弹簧，在高强度弹簧两侧是弹簧侧挡板，两端分别为弹簧两端挡板，同时高强度弹簧与调节螺丝连接，调节螺丝与支撑钢板连接，支撑钢板与两个弹簧侧挡板一端连接，两弹簧侧挡板的另一端与环绕钢板连接，支撑钢板与纵向加载装置连接。The spring vertical pressing device includes a high-strength spring, on both sides of the high-strength spring are spring side baffles, and the two ends are respectively spring two-end baffles, and the high-strength spring is connected to the adjusting screw, and the adjusting screw is connected to the supporting steel plate The supporting steel plate is connected to one end of the two spring side baffles, the other end of the two spring side baffles is connected to the surrounding steel plate, and the supporting steel plate is connected to the longitudinal loading device.

所述环绕钢板与岩土体试块间设有橡胶圈。A rubber ring is provided between the surrounding steel plate and the rock-soil test block.

所述纵向加载装置包括一个置于岩土体试块顶部的下托盘，下托盘上方为上部支撑连接，上部支撑为一个十字架，传压轴穿过上部支撑，传压轴一端与下托盘连接，另一端与上托盘连接；上部支撑通过固定螺丝与支撑钢板连接。The longitudinal loading device includes a lower tray placed on the top of the rock and soil mass test block, above the lower tray is an upper support connection, the upper support is a cross, the pressure transmission shaft passes through the upper support, one end of the pressure transmission shaft is connected with the lower tray, and the other end It is connected with the upper tray; the upper support is connected with the supporting steel plate through fixing screws.

一种用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置的使用方法，包括以下几步：A method for using a novel device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test blocks, comprising the following steps:

（1）将岩土体试块放置于装置地板中部，外围加套橡胶圈；(1) Place the rock and soil test block in the middle of the device floor, and add a rubber ring around it;

（2）将多组环绕钢板与传感器以及弹簧连接好，使环绕钢板贴紧橡胶圈，保持岩土体试块在地板中心的位置；(2) Connect multiple sets of surrounding steel plates with sensors and springs, make the surrounding steel plates stick to the rubber ring, and keep the rock and soil mass test block in the center of the floor;

（3）安置稳定后，按需要调节旋转调节螺丝控制高强度弹簧长度，当压力传感器示数达目标值且四组示数一致时停止调节；(3) After the placement is stable, adjust the rotation adjustment screw to control the length of the high-strength spring as required, and stop the adjustment when the pressure sensor reading reaches the target value and the four sets of readings are consistent;

（4）安置岩土体试块上方加载装置，在上托盘加载，计算总压力，达到目标之后停止加载；(4) Install the loading device above the rock and soil test block, load on the upper tray, calculate the total pressure, and stop loading after reaching the target;

（5）每隔一定时间量测每组环绕钢板的位移量，取其平均值作为环向位移，并做好记录，同时适当旋转调节螺丝，保证压力传感器示数恒定，最大程度上避免弹簧因蠕变产生的压力改变，减小实验误差。(5) Measure the displacement of each group of surrounding steel plates at regular intervals, take the average value as the circumferential displacement, and make a record, and at the same time properly rotate the adjustment screw to ensure that the pressure sensor shows a constant value, and to the greatest extent avoid the spring due to The pressure change caused by creep reduces the experimental error.

本发明与以往的测量方法相比具有以下优点：Compared with previous measurement methods, the present invention has the following advantages:

1本发明解决了以前实验中的诸多不便，弹簧压力简单而容易实现，便于调节；1. The present invention solves many inconveniences in previous experiments, and the spring pressure is simple and easy to realize, and it is convenient to adjust;

2通过旋转螺丝挤压弹簧的方式避免了以往装置大量繁琐机械化的控制，大幅度提升实验效率；2 By rotating the screw to squeeze the spring, it avoids a lot of cumbersome mechanized control of the previous device, and greatly improves the experimental efficiency;

3蠕变过程变形较慢，通过适时调整旋转螺丝，避免弹簧略微伸长带来的轻微误差，保证了实验精度，足以满足低强度蠕变实验的需要；3. The deformation of the creep process is relatively slow. By timely adjusting the rotating screw, the slight error caused by the slight elongation of the spring is avoided, and the accuracy of the experiment is guaranteed, which is enough to meet the needs of low-strength creep experiments;

4压力传感器的安装保证了蠕变围压的恒定，确保了低强度假三轴蠕变实验的准确性。4 The installation of the pressure sensor ensures the constant creep confining pressure and the accuracy of the low-strength false triaxial creep experiment.

5装置上方重物加载的方式较为便捷，传压轴确保了压力的垂直施加，避免偏压。5. The method of loading heavy objects above the device is more convenient, and the pressure transmission shaft ensures the vertical application of pressure and avoids bias.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的弹簧垂直施压装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a spring vertical pressing device of the present invention;

图2为本发明的加载装装置结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the loading device of the present invention;

其中，1岩土体试块；2橡胶圈；3环绕钢板；4压力传感器；5弹簧侧挡板；6弹簧两端挡板；7支撑钢板；8高强度弹簧；9调节螺丝；10底板；11上托盘；12传压轴；13上部支撑；14下托盘；15；固定螺丝。Among them, 1 rock and soil test block; 2 rubber ring; 3 surrounding steel plate; 4 pressure sensor; 5 spring side baffle; 11 upper tray; 12 pressure transmission shaft; 13 upper support; 14 lower tray; 15; fixing screw.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实例对本发明做进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example the present invention will be further described:

图1、图2中，一种用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置，加载装置主要包括上托盘11，下托盘14，传压轴12及上部支撑13；弹簧垂直施压装置主要包括环绕钢板3，弹簧侧挡板5和弹簧两端挡板6，高强度弹簧8，压力传感器4，调节螺丝9以及支撑钢板7。In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a new device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test blocks, the loading device mainly includes anupper tray 11, alower tray 14, apressure transmission shaft 12 and anupper support 13; a spring vertical pressure applying device It mainly includes a surroundingsteel plate 3, aspring side baffle 5 and aspring end baffle 6, a high-strength spring 8, apressure sensor 4, an adjustingscrew 9 and a supportingsteel plate 7.

其中上部的传压轴12嵌套入十字形上部支撑13中间的圆孔中，两端分别与上下托盘11和14相连；下部分为四组相同结构的弹簧垂直施压装置，环绕钢板3外接压力传感器4，高强度弹簧8两侧为弹簧侧挡板5避免侧向变形，高强度弹簧8两端有弹簧两端挡板6，其中内侧的弹簧两端挡板6与压力传感器4相连，外侧的弹簧两端挡板6与调节螺丝9相接触，调节螺丝9穿透支撑钢板7，通过旋转调节螺丝9可调节伸入钢板的长度从而控制高强度弹簧8伸长量。Among them, the upperpressure transmission shaft 12 is nested into the round hole in the middle of the cross-shapedupper support 13, and the two ends are respectively connected with the upper andlower trays 11 and 14; the lower part is composed of four sets of vertical spring pressure devices with the same structure, which surround thesteel plate 3 and externally connect the pressure Thesensor 4, the high-strength spring 8 hasspring side baffles 5 on both sides to avoid lateral deformation, and the two ends of the high-strength spring 8 have spring two-end baffles 6, wherein the inner spring two-end baffle 6 is connected to thepressure sensor 4, and the outer side Thebaffle plate 6 at both ends of the spring is in contact with theadjustment screw 9, and theadjustment screw 9 penetrates thesupport steel plate 7, and the length of the steel plate can be adjusted by rotating theadjustment screw 9 to control the elongation of the high-strength spring 8.

一种用于岩土工程试块假三轴蠕变的新型装置，其操作方法包括以下几步：A new device for pseudo-triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test block, its operation method includes the following steps:

（1）按实验需要选择合适的岩土体试块1放置于底板10上，外围套有橡胶圈2，使受力更加均匀。(1) According to the needs of the experiment, select a suitable rock andsoil test block 1 and place it on thebottom plate 10, with arubber ring 2 on the periphery to make the force more uniform.

（2）将环绕钢板3，压力传感器4和高强度弹簧8等装置连接好后，将四组环绕钢板3紧贴橡胶圈2放置，尽量保证试块处于底板10的中心位置。(2) After connecting the surroundingsteel plate 3, thepressure sensor 4 and the high-strength spring 8 and other devices, place the four sets of surroundingsteel plates 3 close to therubber ring 2, and try to ensure that the test block is at the center of thebottom plate 10.

（3）将调节螺丝9拧入支撑钢板7，并与外侧的弹簧两端挡板6接触，旋转调节螺丝9并观察压力传感器4的示数，达到预期压力值且四组压力传感器4示数一致时停止调节。(3) Screw the adjustingscrew 9 into the supportingsteel plate 7, and make contact with thebaffles 6 at both ends of the spring on the outside. Rotate the adjustingscrew 9 and observe the readings of thepressure sensors 4. When the expected pressure value is reached and the four groups ofpressure sensors 4 are readings Stop adjusting when consistent.

（4）将传压轴12套入上部支撑13，两端分别与上下托盘11和14相连，下托盘14放置于岩土体试块1正上方，通过固定螺丝15将上部支撑与下部的支撑钢板7固定在一起。(4) Insert thepressure transmission shaft 12 into theupper support 13, and connect the two ends with the upper andlower trays 11 and 14 respectively. Thelower tray 14 is placed directly above the rock andsoil test block 1, and the upper support and the lower support steel plate are connected byfixing screws 15. 7 fixed together.

（5）在上托盘11上加载，计算上部荷载总重，达到预期压力时停止加载。(5) Load on theupper pallet 11, calculate the total weight of the upper load, and stop loading when the expected pressure is reached.

（6）定期测量四组环绕钢板3的位移，取平均值作为环向蠕变位移，取下托盘14沉降位移作为试块轴向蠕变位移，做好记录。(6) Regularly measure the displacements of the four groups surrounding thesteel plate 3, take the average value as the circumferential creep displacement, remove the settlement displacement of thetray 14 as the axial creep displacement of the test block, and make a record.

（7）记录完成后，略微旋转调节螺丝9，使压力传感器4的压力值保持恒定，尽量减少高强度弹簧8因蠕变伸长而带来的误差，之后定期重复测量。(7) After the recording is completed, turn the adjustingscrew 9 slightly to keep the pressure value of thepressure sensor 4 constant, and minimize the error caused by the creep and elongation of the high-strength spring 8, and then repeat the measurement regularly.

本发明解决了以前实验中的诸多不便，弹簧压力简单而容易实现，便于调节；通过旋转螺丝挤压弹簧的方式避免了以往装置大量繁琐机械化的控制，大幅度提升实验效率；蠕变过程变形较慢，通过适时调整旋转螺丝，避免弹簧略微伸长带来的轻微误差，保证了实验精度；压力传感器的安装保证了蠕变围压的恒定，确保了低强度假三轴蠕变实验的准确性。与前人的装置相比，本装置操作上具明显优势，实验效率显著提高，精度上足以满足低强度蠕变实验的需要，更具实用性与推广性。The invention solves many inconveniences in the previous experiments, the spring pressure is simple and easy to realize, and is convenient to adjust; the way of rotating the screw to squeeze the spring avoids a large number of cumbersome mechanized control of the previous device, and greatly improves the experimental efficiency; the deformation in the creep process is relatively small. Slow, by timely adjusting the rotating screw, avoiding the slight error caused by the slight elongation of the spring, ensuring the accuracy of the experiment; the installation of the pressure sensor ensures the constant creep confining pressure, ensuring the accuracy of the low-strength false triaxial creep experiment . Compared with the previous devices, this device has obvious advantages in operation, the experimental efficiency is significantly improved, the accuracy is sufficient to meet the needs of low-strength creep experiments, and it is more practical and popular.

Claims (5)

1. new device that is used for the false triaxial creepage of Geotechnical Engineering test block, it is characterized in that: it comprises that the polylith that surrounds the test block of ground body is around steel plate, each is connected with the vertical device for exerting of spring of an adjustable in pressure around steel plate, be provided with vertical charger of adjustable in pressure at the top of ground body test block, the vertical device for exerting of spring and around being provided with pressure transducer between steel plate, pressure transducer is connected with control device with charger, and the vertical device for exerting of spring is connected with vertical charger.

2. the new device for the false triaxial creepage of Geotechnical Engineering test block as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the vertical device for exerting of described spring comprises a high-strength spring, are spring side shields in the high-strength spring both sides, two ends are respectively the both ends of the spring baffle plate, high-strength spring is connected with adjusting screw simultaneously, adjusting screw is connected with supporting steel plate, supporting steel plate is connected with two spring side shield one ends, the other end of two spring side shields be connected around steel plate, supporting steel plate is connected with vertical charger.

3. the new device for the false triaxial creepage of Geotechnical Engineering test block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described around being provided with rubber ring between steel plate and the test block of ground body.

4. the new device for the false triaxial creepage of Geotechnical Engineering test block as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described vertical charger comprises a following pallet that places ground body test block top, following pallet top connects for upper support, upper support is a cross, the pressure transmission axle passes upper support, pressure transmission axle one end is connected with following pallet, and the other end is connected with top tray; Upper support is connected with supporting steel plate by fixed screw.

5. a using method that adopts the described new device for the false triaxial creepage of Geotechnical Engineering test block of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises following a few step:

(1) test block of ground body is positioned over middle part, device floor, the periphery adds the cover rubber ring;

(2) will organize around steel plate and sensor and spring more and connect, and make around steel plate and be adjacent to rubber ring, and keep the test block of ground body in the position at center, floor;

(3) after arrangement is stablized, regulate rotation adjusting screw control high-strength spring length on demand, when the pressure transducer registration reaches desired value and four groups of registrations unanimities, stop adjusting;

(4) settle ground body test block top charger, load in top tray, calculate general pressure, reach target and stop afterwards loading;

(5) measure every group at regular intervals around the displacement of steel plate, get its mean value as the hoop displacement, and carry out record, suitably rotate adjusting screw simultaneously, guarantee that the pressure transducer registration is constant, avoid spring because of the pressure change that creep produces to the full extent, reduce experimental error.

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