技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光信号的发射方法及系统，尤其涉及多路载波光信号的并行发射方法和系统。The invention relates to a method and system for transmitting optical signals, in particular to a method and system for parallel transmitting of multi-channel carrier optical signals.
背景技术Background technique
随着光电技术的发展，光信号作为载波信号的场合越来越多，例如并行光谱检测技术中需要多路载波光同时发射，进入待检物质，并携带待检物质相关信息发送至接收端。这种多路光信号收发方案对多路光信号的频率，相位以及稳定程度有较高要求。再如，光通信是未来通信的主要方式，以光波作为信息载体发送有用信号，载波光作为光信号调制中的载波承担着至关重要的作用，无论是将电信号形式的有用信号转换为光信号直接发送，还是将有用信号调制在载波光信号上发送，光发射模块都是整个系统的核心环节。在无线通信应用中，信号以光波形式在空气中传播，发送至接收端，光波的发生亦如上所述在通信过程中起关键作用。With the development of optoelectronic technology, there are more and more occasions where optical signals are used as carrier signals. For example, in parallel spectral detection technology, multiple carrier lights are required to be transmitted simultaneously, enter the substance to be detected, and send information about the substance to be detected to the receiving end. This multi-channel optical signal transceiving solution has high requirements on the frequency, phase and stability of the multi-channel optical signal. Another example is that optical communication is the main way of future communication. Light waves are used as information carriers to send useful signals. Carrier light plays a vital role as a carrier in optical signal modulation. Whether the signal is sent directly or the useful signal is modulated on the carrier optical signal, the optical transmitter module is the core link of the whole system. In wireless communication applications, signals propagate in the air in the form of light waves and are sent to the receiving end. The generation of light waves also plays a key role in the communication process as mentioned above.
载波光应用如此广泛，作为上述应用场合的信号源，其性能的优劣直接决定了应用系统的工作性能，稳定的载波光发射十分重要。现有的载波光发射方式中，目前还没有一种针对多种应用场合设计的适应性强、扩展性强的载波光发射系统，现有载波光发射系统主要依赖信号发生器发射方波调制信号，用方波信号控制激光器或半导体激光器LD(LaserDiode，LD)发射载波光信号，该系统具有如下缺点：Carrier light is widely used. As a signal source in the above-mentioned applications, its performance directly determines the working performance of the application system. Stable carrier light transmission is very important. Among the existing carrier optical transmission methods, there is no adaptable and expandable carrier optical transmission system designed for various applications. The existing carrier optical transmission system mainly relies on the signal generator to transmit square wave modulation signals , use square wave signal to control laser or semiconductor laser LD (LaserDiode, LD) to emit carrier optical signal, this system has the following disadvantages:
(1)发射频率单一：现有载波光系统一般针对固定应用场合设计发射频率，载波光信号频率依赖信号发生器产生，只适用于固定应用场合设计的系统，不便加载于其他工作环境。(1) Single transmission frequency: The existing carrier optical system generally designs the transmission frequency for fixed applications, and the carrier optical signal frequency depends on the signal generator, which is only suitable for systems designed for fixed applications and is inconvenient to be loaded in other working environments.
(2)光路单一：不同的载波光应用场合对光路个数要求局限于自身需求，在需要扩展光路的情形时现有系统难以应对。(2) Single optical path: The requirements for the number of optical paths in different carrier optical applications are limited to their own needs, and the existing system is difficult to cope with the need to expand the optical path.
(3)频率切换问题：一般载波光发射系统频率固定，不便调节，少数频率可调系统在切换频率时存在相位不连续，切换速度较慢，有一定延迟等问题，不适用于需要快速切换频率，并且切换时要求相位连续的场合。(3) Frequency switching problem: Generally, the carrier optical transmission system has a fixed frequency and is inconvenient to adjust. A few frequency adjustable systems have phase discontinuity, slow switching speed, and certain delays when switching frequency, and are not suitable for fast switching frequency. , and requires phase continuity when switching.
(4)载波光发射功率不稳定：载波光作为光源信号其发射功率的稳定性极其重要，现有系统一般依赖恒流驱动等电路控制输出功率，LED驱动模块存在一定的电流漂移，另外发光器件本身性能也不能保证驱动电流稳定的情况下不产生瞬时跳变，整体性能有待提高。(4) Carrier light transmission power is unstable: The stability of the transmission power of carrier light as a light source signal is extremely important. Existing systems generally rely on circuits such as constant current drive to control output power. There is a certain current drift in the LED driver module. In addition, the light emitting device The performance itself cannot guarantee that there will be no instantaneous jump when the driving current is stable, and the overall performance needs to be improved.
(5)便携性差：现有载波光系统集成度低，并未考虑将所有模块整合，本身体积较大，便携性低。(5) Poor portability: The existing carrier optical system has a low degree of integration and does not consider the integration of all modules. It has a large volume and low portability.
(6)智能化程度低：载波光系统工作时不能做到智能化，调节过程较为复杂，依赖手动调节，使用不够方便。(6) Low degree of intelligence: The carrier optical system cannot be intelligent when it works, the adjustment process is relatively complicated, and it relies on manual adjustment, which is not convenient enough to use.
(7)功耗高：信号发生器本身需要220V电压，供电功耗较大，且发光器件多采用激光器和LD，功耗比LED高，不够环保节能。(7) High power consumption: The signal generator itself needs 220V voltage, and the power consumption is relatively large, and the light-emitting devices mostly use lasers and LDs, and the power consumption is higher than that of LEDs, which is not environmentally friendly and energy-saving.
总之，现有载波光发射系统设计工作模式单一、切换速度低、相位不连续、可选发射频率较少、光路扩展性差、整体便携性低、功耗高、不环保，虽能应付一定应用场合，但可适应性不高，智能化程度低。In short, the existing carrier optical transmission system has a single design working mode, low switching speed, discontinuous phase, less optional transmission frequency, poor optical path expansion, low overall portability, high power consumption, and is not environmentally friendly. Although it can cope with certain applications , but the adaptability is not high, and the degree of intelligence is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，迫切需要开发一种多路载波光信号的并行发射方法和系统。In view of the above problems, it is urgent to develop a method and system for parallel transmission of multiple carrier optical signals.
由此，本发明提出如下思路来解决上述问题，本发明涉及一种多路载波光信号的并行发射系统，包含方波发生模块、LED驱动模块、光反馈模块、控制终端模块，其中Therefore, the present invention proposes the following ideas to solve the above problems. The present invention relates to a parallel transmission system of multi-channel carrier optical signals, including a square wave generation module, an LED driver module, an optical feedback module, and a control terminal module, wherein
至少两组方波发生模块，其中每一组方波发生模块包括一个直接数字频率合成(DirectDigitalSynthesizer，DDS)芯片和芯片外围电路来产生一路方波信号；At least two groups of square wave generating modules, wherein each group of square wave generating modules includes a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) chip and chip peripheral circuits to generate a square wave signal;
至少两组LED驱动模块，其中每一组包括一个LED发光二级管和相关连接电路，分别与对应组的方波发生模块匹配来实现LED光信号的输出；At least two groups of LED drive modules, each of which includes an LED light-emitting diode and related connection circuits, are respectively matched with the corresponding group of square wave generating modules to realize the output of LED light signals;
至少两组光反馈模块，其中每一组包括光电转换二极管、运算放大器，以及相关连接电路，分别接收对应组LED驱动模块的光信号输出来对LED驱动模块的光信号输出实现反馈控制；At least two groups of optical feedback modules, each of which includes photoelectric conversion diodes, operational amplifiers, and related connection circuits, respectively receive the optical signal output of the corresponding group of LED driver modules to implement feedback control on the optical signal output of the LED driver module;
控制终端模块，包括单片机、单片机外围电路、单片机控制程序和控制输入接口红外遥控模块，用于对每一组方波发生模块的输出进行控制。The control terminal module includes the single-chip microcomputer, the peripheral circuit of the single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer control program and the infrared remote control module of the control input interface, and is used for controlling the output of each group of square wave generating modules.
优选地，所述的至少两组LED驱动模块，可以根据对应组光反馈模块输出的反馈信号来对LED不稳定波动功率进行调整，使对应组LED驱动模块以长功率模式输出功率稳定的载波光信号。Preferably, the at least two groups of LED drive modules can adjust the unstable and fluctuating power of the LEDs according to the feedback signal output by the corresponding group of light feedback modules, so that the corresponding group of LED drive modules can output the carrier light with stable power in the long power mode. Signal.
优选地，还包括至少两组高速开关电路模块，所述每一组高速开关电路模块位于对应组的方波信号模块与LED驱动模块之间，实现LED闪烁的快速稳定切换。Preferably, at least two groups of high-speed switch circuit modules are also included, and each group of high-speed switch circuit modules is located between the corresponding group of square wave signal modules and the LED driver module to realize fast and stable switching of LED blinking.
此外，本发明还涉及一种多路载波光信号的并行发射方法，包含以下步骤：In addition, the present invention also relates to a parallel transmission method of multiple carrier optical signals, comprising the following steps:
通过控制终端模块实现总体的智能化控制，驱动直接数字频率合成器芯片产生方波信号，该方波信号控制LED，在光反馈模块的监测下和LED驱动模块的控制下以固定频率闪烁。The overall intelligent control is realized by controlling the terminal module, and the direct digital frequency synthesizer chip is driven to generate a square wave signal, which controls the LED to blink at a fixed frequency under the monitoring of the optical feedback module and the control of the LED driver module.
此外，本发明还涉及一种多路载波光信号的并行发射方法，包含以下步骤：In addition, the present invention also relates to a parallel transmission method of multiple carrier optical signals, comprising the following steps:
在控制终端模块的控制下，至少两组方波发生模块各自产生一路方波信号；Under the control of the control terminal module, at least two groups of square wave generating modules each generate a square wave signal;
所述每一路方波信号控制至少两组LED驱动模块中的对应一组LED驱动模块，实现每一路LED光信号的输出；Each of the square wave signals controls a corresponding group of LED driver modules in at least two groups of LED driver modules, so as to realize the output of each LED light signal;
至少两组光反馈模块中的对应组的光反馈模块监测对应组的LED光信号的输出，并对对应组LED驱动模块进行反馈控制。The corresponding group of optical feedback modules in the at least two groups of optical feedback modules monitors the output of the corresponding group of LED light signals, and performs feedback control on the corresponding group of LED drive modules.
优选地，所述的方波信号频率和相位连续可控，驱动LED以固定频率闪烁。Preferably, the frequency and phase of the square wave signal are continuously controllable, and the LED is driven to blink at a fixed frequency.
优选地，所述的方波信号控制LED，在光反馈模块和LED驱动模块的控制下以固定功率闪烁，光反馈模块采用光电转换二极管将接收的LED功率不稳定波动反馈，LED驱动模块根据LED功率不稳定波动调整功率波动，使其以长功率模式输出功率稳定的载波光信号。Preferably, the LED is controlled by the square wave signal, and blinks with a fixed power under the control of the optical feedback module and the LED driver module. The optical feedback module uses a photoelectric conversion diode to feed back the unstable fluctuation of the received LED power. Unstable power fluctuations adjust power fluctuations so that they can output carrier optical signals with stable power in long power mode.
优选地，所述方法根据不同应用场合可进行多路载波光发射扩展，所述扩展功能基于控制模块的程序更新以及各独立通路的连接方案，通路扩展数目不限，但每个单独通路连接方式不变。Preferably, the method can carry out multi-channel carrier light emission expansion according to different application occasions. The expansion function is based on the program update of the control module and the connection scheme of each independent channel. The number of channel expansion is not limited, but the connection mode of each individual channel constant.
本发明由于采取以上技术方案，具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme:
1、电脉冲信号产生：DDS采用全数字技术，它具有如下优势：(1)频率转换快：DDS无任何反馈环节，频率转换时间由频率控制字状态改变时间和电路延迟时间决定，转换时间很短(最小可达400ns)；(2)频率分辨率高，频点数多：DDS输出频率的分辨率和频点数随相位累加器的位数成指数增长，分辨率可达微赫兹，可满足精细频率控制要求；(3)相位连续：DDS在改变频率时，只需改变频率控制字，而不改变原有相位累加值，因此在频率改变时相位漂移小；(4)相位噪声小：DDS相位噪声主要取决于参考源的相位噪声，如果参考时钟源相位噪声小，那么DDS产生的频率相位噪声也小；(5)控制容易，稳定可靠。1. Electric pulse signal generation: DDS adopts all-digital technology, which has the following advantages: (1) Fast frequency conversion: DDS does not have any feedback link, and the frequency conversion time is determined by the frequency control word state change time and circuit delay time, and the conversion time is very short. Short (minimum up to 400ns); (2) High frequency resolution and large number of frequency points: the resolution of DDS output frequency and the number of frequency points increase exponentially with the number of bits in the phase accumulator, and the resolution can reach microhertz, which can meet fine Frequency control requirements; (3) Continuous phase: when DDS changes the frequency, it only needs to change the frequency control word without changing the original phase accumulation value, so the phase drift is small when the frequency changes; (4) Small phase noise: DDS phase The noise mainly depends on the phase noise of the reference source. If the phase noise of the reference clock source is small, the frequency phase noise generated by DDS is also small; (5) It is easy to control, stable and reliable.
DDS的上述优点直接决定本系统的方波信号具有频率稳定、频点多、相位噪声小、相位连续、控制方便等特点，因此本发明载波光应用广泛，适用性强。The above-mentioned advantages of DDS directly determine that the square wave signal of this system has the characteristics of stable frequency, multiple frequency points, small phase noise, continuous phase, and convenient control. Therefore, the carrier light of the present invention is widely used and has strong applicability.
2、LED恒流驱动：本发明采用恒流二极管驱动LED，恒流二极管集成度高，适应性强，稳定度显著，实现电路简洁，电流及电压控制只需依靠多个恒流二极管的串并联即可实现。2. LED constant current drive: This invention uses constant current diodes to drive LEDs. The constant current diodes have high integration, strong adaptability, and remarkable stability. The circuit is simple, and the current and voltage control only needs to rely on the series and parallel connections of multiple constant current diodes. can be achieved.
3、LED光反馈：光反馈模块采集LED驱动模块瞬时噪声产生的不稳定光信号，将其转化为电信号反馈回驱动电路，对光功率进行微调，使LED发射光信号功率恒定，因此系统可用于利用载波光作为测量手段以及对载波光功率稳定性要求高的场合。3. LED optical feedback: The optical feedback module collects the unstable optical signal generated by the instantaneous noise of the LED driver module, converts it into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the driving circuit, and fine-tunes the optical power to keep the power of the LED emitted optical signal constant, so the system can be used It is used in occasions where the carrier light is used as a measurement method and the stability of the carrier light power is required to be high.
4、高速开关电路：高速开关电路衔接方波电信号发生模块和LED驱动模块，克服LED驱动模块可能存在的响应延迟等缺点，使最终载波光信号占空比稳定，频率高，可应用于高频场合。4. High-speed switching circuit: The high-speed switching circuit connects the square wave electrical signal generation module and the LED driver module, overcomes the possible shortcomings of the LED driver module such as response delay, and makes the final carrier optical signal duty cycle stable and high in frequency, which can be applied to high frequent occasions.
5、控制终端控制多个光路：控制终端机可编程操作DDS芯片发生多路独立方波信号，每路信号相互完全独立，可用来控制LED实现不同频率载波光信号发生，并且各路方波信号可根据不同应用需求编程实现频率的切换，使用单片机作为控制模块时，可加入红外遥控输入频率和相位，并且使系统实现小型化，智能化，操作简单易用，调试快速方便等优点。5. The control terminal controls multiple optical paths: the control terminal can be programmed to operate the DDS chip to generate multiple independent square wave signals. It can be programmed to switch frequencies according to different application requirements. When using a single-chip microcomputer as a control module, infrared remote control input frequency and phase can be added, and the system can be miniaturized, intelligent, easy to operate, and fast and convenient to debug.
6、多路载波光发生：本发明中，一路载波光对应一个DDS芯片，根据不同应用场合，可按需扩展光路。只需对对应光路进行设置，即可产生所需载波光信号，并通过控制终端整合多路信号，扩展性强，扩展方便易实现，适用于多通道载波光信号调制以及多通道光信号发射。6. Generation of multi-channel carrier light: In the present invention, one channel of carrier light corresponds to one DDS chip, and the optical path can be expanded as required according to different application occasions. Only need to set the corresponding optical path to generate the required carrier optical signal, and integrate multi-channel signals through the control terminal. It has strong scalability, convenient and easy expansion, and is suitable for multi-channel carrier optical signal modulation and multi-channel optical signal transmission.
附图说明Description of drawings
为进一步说明本发明的结构、特征及其目的，以下结合附图及较佳具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明，其中：In order to further illustrate the structure, characteristics and purpose of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred specific embodiments, wherein:
图1是本发明的多路载波光并行发射模块的整体原理框图；Fig. 1 is the overall principle block diagram of multi-channel carrier optical parallel transmission module of the present invention;
图2是本发明的高速开关、LED恒流以及光反馈模块的连接原理框图；Fig. 2 is the block diagram of connection principle of high-speed switch, LED constant current and optical feedback module of the present invention;
图3是本发明的方波信号产生模块以及与控制终端的连接原理框图；Fig. 3 is a square wave signal generating module of the present invention and a block diagram of the connection with the control terminal;
图4是本发明的多路载波光扩展功能实现原理框图。Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of the implementation of the multi-carrier optical extension function of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本系统分为以下模块：方波发生模块、LED驱动模块、光反馈模块、控制终端模块，详细介绍如下：As shown in Figure 1, the system is divided into the following modules: square wave generator module, LED driver module, optical feedback module, control terminal module, detailed introduction is as follows:
1、载波光承担加载其他有用光信号任务，应用中对其性能要求很高。因此载波光方波频率和占空比必须稳定而精确，这一要求不仅体现在发射端，对于任何接收端而言，稳定的频率和占空比对后期信号的转换及解调都是必要的。本发明的方波发生模块采用DDS产生方波作为电脉冲信号，DDS是一种全数字化的频率合成器，给定参考时钟频率后，输出信号频率只取决于频率控制字，不受其他因素干扰，应用场合广泛。1. The carrier light undertakes the task of loading other useful optical signals, and its performance is highly required in the application. Therefore, the frequency and duty cycle of the carrier optical square wave must be stable and accurate. This requirement is not only reflected in the transmitting end, but also for any receiving end. Stable frequency and duty cycle are necessary for the conversion and demodulation of the later signal. . The square wave generation module of the present invention uses DDS to generate square waves as electric pulse signals. DDS is a fully digital frequency synthesizer. After a reference clock frequency is given, the output signal frequency only depends on the frequency control word and is not interfered by other factors. , a wide range of applications.
2、在LED驱动模块中，LED负责将电脉冲信号转化为光信号以实现光信号的发送，LED广泛应用于背光、信号显示、照明等领域，具有体积小，功耗低，寿命长，便于调节和控制及无污染等特点。LED是电流驱动的，其输出功率直接决定于电流强度，为保证LED发光高效、均匀，LED驱动源应为恒流输出。当前LED驱动电路设计多数存在电路复杂，效率不高和电路成本高等特点。本发明设计的LED驱动电路采用恒流二极管，恒流二极管正向导通，输出恒流，反向截止，无输出。只要按要求接入电路中，回路即可实现恒流目的。2. In the LED driver module, the LED is responsible for converting the electrical pulse signal into an optical signal to realize the transmission of the optical signal. LED is widely used in backlight, signal display, lighting and other fields. It has small size, low power consumption, long life, and convenient Adjustment and control and pollution-free and other characteristics. LED is driven by current, and its output power is directly determined by the current intensity. In order to ensure efficient and uniform LED light emission, the LED drive source should be a constant current output. Most of the current LED drive circuit designs have the characteristics of complex circuits, low efficiency and high circuit costs. The LED driving circuit designed in the present invention adopts a constant current diode, which conducts in a forward direction, outputs a constant current, cuts off in a reverse direction, and has no output. As long as it is connected to the circuit as required, the circuit can achieve the purpose of constant current.
3、任何电路都存在瞬时噪声，对于LED恒流驱动模块亦然。当载波光应用于对光功率稳定性要求较高的场合时，这一点便决定了系统的工作性能。为了防止瞬时噪声对电流的影响以致LED发光功率不稳定，本发明加入光反馈模块，将不稳定光信号反馈至LED驱动模块，对电流进行微调，保证LED发光功率的稳定。3. Instantaneous noise exists in any circuit, and the same is true for LED constant current drive modules. When the carrier light is used in occasions that require high stability of optical power, this determines the performance of the system. In order to prevent the influence of instantaneous noise on the current and cause the LED luminous power to be unstable, the present invention adds an optical feedback module to feed back the unstable optical signal to the LED drive module to fine-tune the current to ensure the stability of the LED luminous power.
4、考虑到载波光可能应用于高频场合，LED驱动模块响应速度可能造成最终光信号频率漂移和方波信号延迟，电平切换时间过长等因素。本发明在方波信号模块与LED驱动模块间加入高速开关电路模块，实现LED闪烁的快速稳定切换，适合高频载波光发生，光信号占空比稳定，高低功率间切换速度快，延迟短。4. Considering that the carrier light may be used in high-frequency applications, the response speed of the LED driver module may cause frequency drift of the final optical signal, delay of the square wave signal, and long time for level switching. The invention adds a high-speed switch circuit module between the square wave signal module and the LED drive module to realize fast and stable switching of LED flickering, is suitable for high-frequency carrier light generation, has stable optical signal duty cycle, fast switching speed between high and low power, and short delay.
5、为了扩大本系统的应用场合，本发明利用DDS芯片的可编程特性，采用单片机和计算机作为上位机对DDS芯片写入频率和相位控制字，实现即时的、相位连续的方波切换以及多路方波信号产生，适用于需要多个光信号通道的场合，实现多路载波光输出。5. In order to expand the application occasions of this system, the present invention utilizes the programmable characteristics of the DDS chip, adopts a single-chip microcomputer and a computer as an upper computer to write frequency and phase control words to the DDS chip, and realizes instant, phase-continuous square wave switching and multiple One square wave signal generation, suitable for occasions that require multiple optical signal channels, to achieve multi-channel carrier optical output.
如图2所示，本发明采用方波信号控制LED光源以固定频率闪烁，产生所需载波光。方波信号由DDS芯片产生，例如AnalogDevices公司的AD7008、AD9833、AD0952等，DDS连接外部晶振源，对外部晶振分频，编程写入DDS控制位OPBITEN使其置1，DDS可以输出其DAC数据的MSB，这一信号是方波形式，而具体的频率和相位信息则通过计算确定所需频率对应频率控制字对DDS芯片频率控制寄存器加载特定值，产生固定频率的方波信号，并且利用DDS芯片的相位控制寄存器，写入特定相位控制字，实现对相位的控制需求。整个方波发生过程中，频率控制寄存器和相位控制寄存器可随时重置，以加载不同的频率控制字和相位控制字，整个转换过程只要外部晶振稳定可靠，发生的方波信号可以做到相位连续，频率稳定，频率分辨率高。As shown in Figure 2, the present invention uses a square wave signal to control the LED light source to flicker at a fixed frequency to generate the required carrier light. The square wave signal is generated by the DDS chip, such as AD7008, AD9833, AD0952 of Analog Devices, etc., the DDS is connected to the external crystal oscillator source, divides the frequency of the external crystal oscillator, and writes the DDS control bit OPBITEN to set it to 1, and the DDS can output its DAC data. MSB, this signal is in the form of a square wave, and the specific frequency and phase information is calculated to determine the required frequency corresponding to the frequency control word. Load a specific value to the frequency control register of the DDS chip to generate a square wave signal with a fixed frequency, and use the DDS chip to The phase control register, write a specific phase control word, to achieve the phase control requirements. During the entire square wave generation process, the frequency control register and phase control register can be reset at any time to load different frequency control words and phase control words. As long as the external crystal oscillator is stable and reliable during the entire conversion process, the generated square wave signal can achieve continuous phase , stable frequency and high frequency resolution.
方波信号控制高速开关电路，以便控制LED快速响应，稳定闪烁，高速开关电路采用高速开关三极管，基极连接方波信号，射极接地，集电极接电源及相应负载。方波低电平到来时，三极管射极和集电极断开，电源所加负载无法接地，回路不通，负载无电流通过；方波高电平到来时，三极管射极和集电极导通，电源所加负载回路导通，电路中有电流通过，负载开始工作，高速三级管响应速度快，可将方波信号以尽可能小的延迟转换为负载工作和停止状态。The square wave signal controls the high-speed switching circuit in order to control the LED to respond quickly and flash stably. The high-speed switching circuit uses a high-speed switching transistor, the base is connected to the square wave signal, the emitter is grounded, and the collector is connected to the power supply and the corresponding load. When the square wave low level arrives, the emitter and collector of the triode are disconnected, the load applied by the power supply cannot be grounded, the circuit is blocked, and the load has no current passing through; when the high level of the square wave arrives, the emitter and collector of the triode are turned on, and the power supply The load circuit is turned on, the current flows through the circuit, and the load starts to work. The high-speed triode has a fast response speed, and can convert the square wave signal into the load working and stopping states with the smallest possible delay.
上述高速开关负载接入LED驱动模块，方波信号即可控制LED驱动模块的工作和停止，以实现LED闪烁，并且闪烁时发光功率恒定。LED驱动模块利用恒流二极管和LED串联形式，如果LED所需电流大可并联多个恒流二极管来增大驱动电流。电路连接方案简单，集成度高，功耗小。The above-mentioned high-speed switching load is connected to the LED driver module, and the square wave signal can control the operation and stop of the LED driver module, so as to realize the LED blinking, and the luminous power is constant when blinking. The LED drive module uses constant current diodes and LEDs in series. If the current required by the LED is large, multiple constant current diodes can be connected in parallel to increase the drive current. The circuit connection scheme is simple, the integration degree is high, and the power consumption is small.
LED发出光信号还要经过光反馈模块进行反馈，LED发出光信号由PD光电转换管采集，PD管将采集的光信号转换成电信号，经过反馈电路接回LED驱动模块，对LED驱动模块电流反馈，具体过程如下：反馈模块中MOS管和LED并联，分流恒流二极管电流，LED发射光漂移超出设定工作电流时，PD将此光信号转换成电流信号通过反馈回路控制MOS管分流增大，这样LED电流回到正常值，当LED发射光漂移低于设定工作电流时，PD将此信号反馈回MOS管，反馈回路控制MOS管分流降低，LED分流增大回到工作电流，这样便实现了LED发射光功率恒定，将光信号直接反馈回驱动电路，不需依赖于恒流电路的性能，整个发射过程稳定可靠。The optical signal sent by the LED needs to be fed back through the optical feedback module. The optical signal emitted by the LED is collected by the PD photoelectric conversion tube. The PD tube converts the collected optical signal into an electrical signal, and connects it back to the LED driver module through the feedback circuit. Feedback, the specific process is as follows: the MOS tube and the LED in the feedback module are connected in parallel, and the current of the constant current diode is shunted. , so that the LED current returns to the normal value. When the LED emission drifts below the set operating current, the PD feeds this signal back to the MOS tube. The feedback loop controls the MOS tube shunt to reduce, and the LED shunt increases to return to the operating current, so that Realize the constant emission light power of the LED, and directly feed back the light signal to the drive circuit without relying on the performance of the constant current circuit, and the entire emission process is stable and reliable.
如图3所示，本发明控制终端采用PC机编写串口通信程序并加载至单片机，利用单片机串口连接DDS芯片控制寄存器端口，对DDS芯片写入所需频率以及相位控制字，并使能DDS芯片开始发生方波信号。As shown in Figure 3, the control terminal of the present invention uses a PC to write a serial port communication program and loads it to the single-chip microcomputer, uses the single-chip microcomputer serial port to connect to the DDS chip control register port, writes the required frequency and phase control words to the DDS chip, and enables the DDS chip A square wave signal starts to occur.
如图4所示，由于单片机具有多路IO端口，可将单片机串口RX及DX端接入DDS的SCLK及SDATA端分别作为DDS芯片的数据写入时钟信号通路和数据信号通路，其他IO端口作为使能端接至DDS芯片的FYNC使能控制端口，控制频率及相位数据的写入和停止。考虑到多路发生的扩展，多个DDS芯片共用一个单片机的RX和DX端口共享数据发送通路和数据发送时钟通路，而每个DDS分别接入一路单片机IO接口，通过程序控制IO接口电平高低控制对应DDS芯片方波发生使能，实现时分形式的多路DDS芯片控制。只需一片单片机就可控制多个DDS芯片发生不同的频率，IO口不够用时还可利用编译码电路对整个DDS使能端地址编码，单片机IO口通过编程寻址使能对应DDS，这样便可根据不同场合扩展信号通路，实现多路扩展功能。As shown in Figure 4, since the single-chip microcomputer has multiple IO ports, the SCLK and SDATA ports of the serial port RX and DX of the single-chip microcomputer can be connected to the SCLK and SDATA ports of the DDS respectively as the data writing clock signal path and data signal path of the DDS chip, and other IO ports as The enable terminal is connected to the FYNC enable control port of the DDS chip to control the writing and stopping of frequency and phase data. Considering the expansion of multiple channels, multiple DDS chips share the RX and DX ports of a single-chip microcomputer to share the data transmission path and data transmission clock path, and each DDS is respectively connected to one single-chip IO interface, and the level of the IO interface is controlled by the program. Control the corresponding DDS chip square wave to enable, and realize the multi-channel DDS chip control in the form of time division. Only one single-chip microcomputer can control multiple DDS chips to generate different frequencies. When the IO port is not enough, the encoding and decoding circuit can be used to encode the address of the entire DDS enable end. Expand the signal path according to different occasions to realize multi-channel expansion function.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201310102602.3ACN103166904B (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2013-03-27 | A kind of parallel transmitting method of multichannel carrier light signal and system |
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