技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种便携式电能计量终端现场综合校验仪。The invention relates to a portable on-site comprehensive calibrator for electric energy metering terminals.
背景技术Background technique
随着国民经济的迅速发展，人民生活水平的日益提高，以及地区经济的快速发展，用电客户的需求早已不是“有电照个亮”就可以满足的，而是需要“用电安全、供电可靠、电能质优、办事高效、收费合理、服务周到”。目前电力服务市场的服务水平，与经济发展和客户需求还有很大差距，客户的许多需求还不能够满足或者很好地满足。客户需求决定市场发展方向，因此当前对优质、高效、周到的电力技术服务的潜在需求非常大，也非常强烈。With the rapid development of the national economy, the improvement of people's living standards, and the rapid development of the regional economy, the needs of electricity customers can no longer be satisfied by "lighting up with electricity", but "safety in electricity use, power supply Reliable, high-quality power, efficient work, reasonable charges, and thoughtful service.” At present, the service level of the electric power service market still has a big gap with the economic development and customer needs, and many needs of customers cannot be met or well met. Customer needs determine the direction of market development, so the current potential demand for high-quality, efficient, and thoughtful power technology services is very large and very strong.
目前的电能计量装置现场校验仪一般由电压采样模块、电流采样模块、模拟开关、A/D转换器、处理器、脉冲输入模块、键盘和显示器组成，现场校验时，被校电能表的电压和电流信号接入仪器的采样模块，由处理器控制模拟开关进行信号的转换，并通过AD转换器将模拟信号转换为数字信号，实时计算电参量，校验电压、电流的大小，并采集脉冲信号，检测电能的大小，最终实现电能计量装置的校验。但现有的这种校验仪一般就是校验电流、电压、功率、电能的大小，校验功能单一，而且只通过一个模拟开关来进行电压、电流信号的切换，切换速度慢、功耗较高。The current on-site calibrator for electric energy metering devices generally consists of a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module, an analog switch, an A/D converter, a processor, a pulse input module, a keyboard and a display. The voltage and current signals are connected to the sampling module of the instrument, and the processor controls the analog switch to convert the signal, and converts the analog signal into a digital signal through the AD converter, calculates the electrical parameters in real time, verifies the magnitude of the voltage and current, and collects The pulse signal is used to detect the size of the electric energy, and finally realize the verification of the electric energy metering device. However, the existing calibrators generally calibrate the current, voltage, power, and electric energy. The calibration function is single, and only one analog switch is used to switch the voltage and current signals. The switching speed is slow and the power consumption is low. high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种便携式电能计量终端现场综合校验仪，用以解决现有电能计量装置现场校验仪校验功能单一的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a portable on-site integrated calibrator for electric energy metering terminals, which is used to solve the problem of single calibrating function of the existing on-site calibrator for electric energy metering devices.
为实现上述目的，本发明的方案是：一种便携式电能计量终端现场综合校验仪，包括运算处理器（1）、运算处理器（2）、电压采样模块、电流采样模块、有功和无功脉冲输入模块、AD转换器、显示器、键盘、采样切换模块和增益放大模块，所述采样切换模块为模拟开关，所述电压采样模块连接所述增益放大模块，该增益放大模块通过所述AD转换器连接运算处理器（1），所述电流采样模块连接所述模拟开关，该模拟开关连接所述增益放大模块，所述增益放大模块通过所述AD转换器连接到运算处理器（1），所述有功和无功脉冲输入模块连接运算处理器（1）的输入端口，该校验仪还包括开关量输出模块、控制检测输入模块、载波通信模块、有功和无功脉冲输出模块，所述控制检测输入模块输入连接运算处理器（1），用于电能参数计算与控制；所述运算处理器（1）通过一个输出切换模块连接到脉冲输出模块和开关量输出模块，所述脉冲输出模块用于更高精度仪器计量检测，所述开关量输出模块用于控制信号输出和被检设备开关量输入，所述载波通信模块与所述运算处理器（1）输入连接，用于借助红外通信接口，完成红外及载波通信的检测。In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the present invention is: a portable electric energy metering terminal on-site comprehensive calibrator, including an operation processor (1), an operation processor (2), a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module, active power and reactive power A pulse input module, an AD converter, a display, a keyboard, a sampling switching module and a gain amplification module, the sampling switching module is an analog switch, the voltage sampling module is connected to the gain amplification module, and the gain amplification module passes through the AD conversion The circuit breaker is connected to the operation processor (1), the current sampling module is connected to the analog switch, the analog switch is connected to the gain amplification module, and the gain amplification module is connected to the operation processor (1) through the AD converter, The active and reactive pulse input module is connected to the input port of the arithmetic processor (1), and the calibrator also includes a switch output module, a control detection input module, a carrier communication module, and an active and reactive pulse output module. The input of the control detection input module is connected to the operation processor (1), which is used for the calculation and control of electric energy parameters; the operation processor (1) is connected to the pulse output module and the switch output module through an output switching module, and the pulse output module For higher-precision instrument measurement detection, the switch output module is used for control signal output and switch input of the equipment under test, and the carrier communication module is connected to the input of the arithmetic processor (1) for infrared communication interface to complete the detection of infrared and carrier communication.
该校验仪还包括触摸控制模块，该模块连接所述运算处理器（2）；The calibrator also includes a touch control module, which is connected to the arithmetic processor (2);
所述电压采样模块包括三相电压输入信号端、过压保护模块和分压滤波模块，三相输入电压经过所述过压保护模块后，由所述分压滤波模块进行采样。The voltage sampling module includes a three-phase voltage input signal terminal, an overvoltage protection module and a voltage divider filter module, and the three-phase input voltage is sampled by the voltage divider filter module after passing through the overvoltage protection module.
所述电流采样模块包括电流互感器和钳形电流互感器，在所述电流互感器和钳形电流互感器二次侧分别采用金属膜采样电阻进行采样。The current sampling module includes a current transformer and a clamp current transformer, and metal film sampling resistors are used for sampling on the secondary sides of the current transformer and the clamp current transformer respectively.
所述增益放大模块为档位切换模块，所述档位切换模块为具有多种增益的可编程增益放大器，用于根据需要选择不同的增益进行放大。The gain amplification module is a gear switching module, and the gear switching module is a programmable gain amplifier with multiple gains, which is used to select different gains for amplification as required.
所述脉冲输入和输出模块采用6N173高速光耦合器。The pulse input and output modules use 6N173 high-speed optocouplers.
所述显示器采用带触摸功能的液晶显示器。The display adopts a liquid crystal display with touch function.
所述运算处理器（1）和运算处理器（2）采用型号为STM32F103VET6的高速ARM运算处理器。The arithmetic processor (1) and arithmetic processor (2) adopt a high-speed ARM arithmetic processor modeled as STM32F103VET6.
所述可编程增益放大器采用AD526JNZ。The programmable gain amplifier adopts AD526JNZ.
本发明达到的有益效果：（1）本发明电流采样模块的电流信号先通过模拟开关进行切换，然后再输入到两级可编程增益放大器进行放大，采用了初级加次级两级增益放大器和模拟开关切换的方式，切换速度更快功耗更低，而且选择具有不同增益的增益放大器，电压和电流信号通过不同增益放大采样，可以得到不同的信号输入，使小电压和小电流也非常稳定；The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: (1) The current signal of the current sampling module of the present invention is first switched through an analog switch, and then input to a two-stage programmable gain amplifier for amplification, using a primary plus a secondary two-stage gain amplifier and an analog Switching mode, the switching speed is faster and the power consumption is lower, and the gain amplifier with different gains is selected, the voltage and current signals are amplified and sampled through different gains, and different signal inputs can be obtained, so that small voltage and small current are also very stable;
（2）本发明不仅具有键盘控制模块，还设有触摸控制模块，显示器具有触摸的功能，在进行电量参数的计算时，可以采用键盘和触摸两种方式输入需要测量的参量，当其中一个发生故障时，可以使用另一种方式进行工作，提高了工作的可靠性；(2) The present invention not only has a keyboard control module, but also has a touch control module. The display has the function of touch. When calculating the power parameters, the parameters to be measured can be input by keyboard and touch. When one of them occurs In case of failure, another way can be used to work, which improves the reliability of work;
（3）本发明现场校验仪包括电流采样、电压采样、脉冲输入输出、控制输入、开关量的输出，不仅能够进行电压、电流和电能检测，还能进行脉冲输入检测、控制检测和遥信检测，可实现多功能检测。(3) The on-site calibrator of the present invention includes current sampling, voltage sampling, pulse input and output, control input, and switch output, which can not only detect voltage, current and electric energy, but also perform pulse input detection, control detection and remote signaling Detection, can realize multi-function detection.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明便携式电能计量终端现场综合校验仪原理框图；Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a portable electric energy metering terminal on-site comprehensive calibrator of the present invention;
图2是本发明电压校验部分的原理示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the voltage calibration part of the present invention;
图3是本发明电流校验部分的原理示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the current checking part of the present invention;
图4是本发明脉冲输出的原理示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the pulse output of the present invention;
图5是本发明脉冲输入的原理示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the pulse input of the present invention;
图6为本发明互感器校验原理图。Fig. 6 is a principle diagram of transformer calibration in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明现场校验仪包括电压采样模块、电流采样模块、采样模块切换、档位切换模块、高速AD转换模块、RS232通信模块、RS485通信模块、有功、无功脉冲输入和输出模块、控制检测输入模块、开关量输出模块、载波通信模块、输出切换模块、液晶显示和触摸控制模块以及键盘控制模块组成。As shown in Figure 1, the on-site calibrator of the present invention includes a voltage sampling module, a current sampling module, a sampling module switch, a gear switch module, a high-speed AD conversion module, an RS232 communication module, an RS485 communication module, active and reactive pulse inputs and It consists of an output module, a control detection input module, a switch output module, a carrier communication module, an output switching module, a liquid crystal display and touch control module, and a keyboard control module.
电压信号由电压采样模块采样，采样得到的信号经过档位切换开关选择适当的增益进行增益放大，然后经过AD转换器，再被送入运算处理单元1；电流采样模块包括互感器采样和钳表采样，采样后的两路电流信号经过采样切换模块的选择后，送入档位切换开关选择适当的增益进行增益放大，然后经过AD转换器，再被送入运算处理单元1；脉冲输入模块产生的有功和无功脉冲输入信号经过限幅、脉冲整形和隔离被送入运算处理器1；控制检测、开关量输入及输出切换均由光耦TLP521控制，输入量经过TLP521给运算处理器1，输出量经过TLP521送出，输入和输出均由四通道模拟开关切换；运算处理器1根据接收到的各种信号，进行运算、判断，并将结果送入运算处理器2，运算处理器2根据键盘或触摸控制输入的的需要测量的参量和电能表常数，计算需要校验的参数，并将计算结果通过显示器显示。The voltage signal is sampled by the voltage sampling module, and the sampled signal is amplified by selecting an appropriate gain through the gear switch, and then sent to the operation processing unit 1 through the AD converter; the current sampling module includes transformer sampling and clamp meter Sampling, the sampled two-way current signal is selected by the sampling switching module, sent to the gear switch to select the appropriate gain for gain amplification, and then passed through the AD converter, and then sent to the arithmetic processing unit 1; the pulse input module generates The active and reactive pulse input signals are sent to the operation processor 1 after limiting, pulse shaping and isolation; the control detection, switch input and output switching are all controlled by the optocoupler TLP521, and the input is sent to the operation processor 1 through the TLP521. The output is sent through TLP521, and the input and output are switched by the four-channel analog switch; the arithmetic processor 1 performs calculations and judgments according to various signals received, and sends the results to the arithmetic processor 2, and the arithmetic processor 2 performs calculations according to the keyboard Or touch the input parameters to be measured and energy meter constants, calculate the parameters to be verified, and display the calculation results on the display.
在运算处理器1上还连接有RS232通讯模块、RS485通讯模块和载波通信模块，通过通用的232接口，方便接到电脑，可以用于抄表等多种功能，RS485通讯模块通过内部状态机和附加的接收比较器，可判断当前驱动总线的是器件本身还是网络上的其他节点，并通过与外部上拉下拉电阻的配合，能够实现数据传输的自动换向。The arithmetic processor 1 is also connected with RS232 communication module, RS485 communication module and carrier communication module, through the general 232 interface, it is convenient to connect to the computer, and can be used for various functions such as meter reading, RS485 communication module through the internal state machine and The additional receiving comparator can judge whether the current driving bus is the device itself or other nodes on the network, and through the cooperation with the external pull-up and pull-down resistors, the automatic commutation of data transmission can be realized.
对集中器、采集器带有载波通信模块的设备进行载波通信功能检测，可以借助红外通信接口，完成红外及载波通信的检测：通过红外接口向被检测设备发生测试命令，如果被检测设备收到命令，则通过载波接口向校验仪返回测试数据，经过校验仪验证后给出通信检测结果，完成红外及载波通信的检测。同时可以配置不同中心频率的载波模块，对各种常用采集终端的载波通信进行检测。For concentrators and collectors with carrier communication modules, the carrier communication function detection can be carried out by means of the infrared communication interface to complete the detection of infrared and carrier communication: send a test command to the detected device through the infrared interface, if the detected device receives command, the test data is returned to the calibrator through the carrier interface, and the communication detection result is given after verification by the calibrator, and the detection of infrared and carrier communication is completed. At the same time, carrier modules with different center frequencies can be configured to detect the carrier communication of various commonly used acquisition terminals.
对电能表、集中器和专变采集终端的电能计量功能校验，可将校验仪的电压输入端并接到被检测设备上，通过电流端将现校仪串入被检测设备的电流输入端，并连接串行接口或被检测设备的脉冲输出端，通过电流、电压矢量进行实时检测与处理，实现对被校验设备电能计量单元的测试；通过串口RS232或RS485对这些设备的数据传输进行对比校验，或通过脉冲检测端口读取被检测设备的脉冲输出进行计量，完成对被校验设备电能计量功能的检测。To verify the energy metering function of electric energy meters, concentrators and special transformer acquisition terminals, the voltage input terminal of the calibrator can be connected to the tested equipment, and the current calibrator can be connected to the current input of the tested equipment through the current terminal. Terminal, and connected to the serial interface or the pulse output terminal of the tested equipment, real-time detection and processing through the current and voltage vectors, to realize the test of the electric energy measurement unit of the tested equipment; through the serial port RS232 or RS485 to the data transmission of these equipment Carry out comparative verification, or read the pulse output of the tested equipment through the pulse detection port for measurement, and complete the detection of the power metering function of the tested equipment.
对集中器、专变采集终端的控制功能检测，连接被检测设备的控制输出与校验仪的控制检测输入端，当被检测设备发出相应的控制信号时，校验仪的控制输入检测单元对这些设备的控制输出功能进行检测，检测其控制输出的信号脉冲宽度和波形进行检测，完成对设备的各种控制模块检测和测试。For the control function detection of concentrators and special transformer acquisition terminals, connect the control output of the tested equipment with the control detection input of the calibrator. When the detected equipment sends out the corresponding control signal, the control input detection unit of the calibrator will The control output function of these devices is tested, the signal pulse width and waveform of the control output are detected, and the detection and testing of various control modules of the device are completed.
如图2，电压采集模块包括三相电压输入信号端、过压保护电路和分压滤波电路，输入的三相电压信号经过压保护电路后，进入分压滤波电路，采用精度高、热稳定性好的金属膜电阻分压网络对电压采样，取样电阻选择120Ω，则分压电阻应选4个50kΩ，电阻的精度为0.1%，温度系数为5ppm，其最大可测量576V峰值相电压。采样后的电压信号经过精密程控可编程放大器(PGA)，输出至∑-Δ模数转换器(ADC)，最后被送入运算处理器进行处理运算。电压数据的计算公式如下：As shown in Figure 2, the voltage acquisition module includes a three-phase voltage input signal terminal, an overvoltage protection circuit and a voltage divider filter circuit. After the input three-phase voltage signal passes through the voltage protection circuit, it enters the voltage divider filter circuit. A good metal film resistor divider network samples the voltage. If the sampling resistor is 120Ω, then four divider resistors should be 50kΩ. The accuracy of the resistor is 0.1%, and the temperature coefficient is 5ppm. It can measure the peak phase voltage of 576V at most. The sampled voltage signal is output to the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) through the precision program-controlled programmable amplifier (PGA), and finally sent to the arithmetic processor for processing and operation. The calculation formula of the voltage data is as follows:
如图3，电流采集模块包括电流互感器和钳形电流互感器，电流互感器选用量程为0～20A的微型精密电流互感器CT-X-1，其二次额定电流有效值为10mA，采样电阻R=18Ω，精度等级为0.01级；钳形电流互感器采用的型号为KLC-8C型，一次电流最大10A，二次测电流10mA，精度0.1级，负载电阻2欧姆。互感器二次侧使用金属膜电阻采样，采样后的互感器输出信号和钳表输出信号使用低内阻模拟开关MAX4679E进行切换，经过PGA放大后，输出至ADC，然后进入运算处理器进行处理运算。电流数据的计算公式如下：As shown in Figure 3, the current acquisition module includes a current transformer and a clamp current transformer. The current transformer is a miniature precision current transformer CT-X-1 with a range of 0 to 20A. The resistance R=18Ω, the precision grade is 0.01; the model of the clamp current transformer is KLC-8C, the maximum primary current is 10A, the secondary measurement current is 10mA, the precision is 0.1 grade, and the load resistance is 2 ohms. The secondary side of the transformer is sampled by a metal film resistor. The sampled transformer output signal and clamp meter output signal are switched by a low internal resistance analog switch MAX4679E. After being amplified by the PGA, they are output to the ADC, and then enter the arithmetic processor for processing and calculation. . The calculation formula of the current data is as follows:
如图4和图5所示，有功、无功脉冲输入和输出电路采用高速光耦合器6N137，脉冲输入和输出量都由ARM运算处理器来提供，并经过6N137隔离。高频和低频输入脉冲通过四通道的模拟开关74HC4052进行切换,高频脉冲经过10000分频产生低频脉冲。校验仪输入脉冲使用高速光耦进行电气隔离，保护处理器，并提高设备抗干扰能力,输入脉冲误差计算采用定时计数模式，在一定的时间内，统计高频脉冲和输入脉冲个数，并根据用户设置的脉冲常数计算电能脉冲误差,比使用固定脉冲圈数更加准确和高效。通过脉冲输入检测完成对设备的遥测、遥信功能，通过特定的脉冲类型及宽度来判断被测设备的各种状态及部分功能是否正常。As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the active and reactive pulse input and output circuits use high-speed optocoupler 6N137, and the pulse input and output are provided by the ARM operation processor and isolated by 6N137. The high-frequency and low-frequency input pulses are switched through the four-channel analog switch 74HC4052, and the high-frequency pulses are divided by 10000 to generate low-frequency pulses. The input pulse of the calibrator uses a high-speed optocoupler for electrical isolation to protect the processor and improve the anti-interference ability of the equipment. The input pulse error calculation adopts the timing counting mode. Within a certain period of time, the number of high-frequency pulses and input pulses is counted, and Calculate the energy pulse error according to the pulse constant set by the user, which is more accurate and efficient than using a fixed number of pulse turns. Through the pulse input detection, the remote measurement and remote signaling functions of the equipment are completed, and the various states and partial functions of the equipment under test are judged through the specific pulse type and width.
如图6，在互感器检测上，设备提供互感器一次测试信号，并同时在二次侧测量其输出信号，计算互感器变比的精度和稳定性。在测试过程中可根据测量数据大小自动切换量程；自动存贮：可存贮50组（满载及轻载）测量数据；自动化整：可根据被试互感器的准确度等级自动进行误差数据化整，并判断是否超差；S级直接测量；可直接测量S级互感器，测量范围宽；可根据规程要求的测量点，按不同精度要求，自动进行满载及轻载测量。As shown in Figure 6, in the detection of the transformer, the equipment provides the primary test signal of the transformer, and at the same time measures its output signal on the secondary side, and calculates the accuracy and stability of the transformation ratio of the transformer. During the test process, the range can be automatically switched according to the size of the measurement data; automatic storage: 50 sets of (full load and light load) measurement data can be stored; automatic adjustment: the error data can be automatically adjusted according to the accuracy level of the tested transformer , and judge whether it is out of tolerance; S-level direct measurement; S-level transformer can be directly measured, and the measurement range is wide; according to the measurement point required by the regulations, it can automatically perform full-load and light-load measurement according to different accuracy requirements.
测量范围：Measuring range:
同相分量（%）：0.0001～19.99分辨率：0.001In-phase component (%): 0.0001～19.99 Resolution: 0.001
正交分量（分）：0.001～500分辨率：0.001Orthogonal component (point): 0.001～500 Resolution: 0.001
阻抗（W）：0.0001～6.99分辨率：0.001Impedance (W): 0.0001～6.99 Resolution: 0.001
导纳（ms）：0.0001～6.99分辨率：0.001Admittance (ms): 0.0001～6.99 Resolution: 0.001
工作范围：The scope of work:
电流：（1%~150%）In（In=5A）Current: (1%~150%) In (In=5A)
（5%~150%）In（In=1A）(5%~150%) In (In=1A)
电压：（5%~150%）Un（Un=100V，150V，100V/）Voltage: (5%~150%) Un (Un=100V, 150V, 100V/)
（5%~190%）Un（Un=100V/3）(5%~190%) Un (Un=100V/3)
本发明现场综合校验仪包括电能采集主板、控制底板和操作面板，该电能采集主板包括电流采集电路、电压采集电路、脉冲输入输出电路、控制检测电路、485通信电路、232通信电路和电池电量采集电路，用于采集三相电压、电流、相角，计算有功功率、无功功率和功率因数，并将计量参数传送到控制底板，能够检验专变采集终端、负控终端、互感器、集中器及采集器的基本功能及其通信功能是否正常；The on-site comprehensive calibrator of the present invention includes an electric energy collection main board, a control bottom board and an operation panel, and the electric energy collection main board includes a current collection circuit, a voltage collection circuit, a pulse input and output circuit, a control detection circuit, a 485 communication circuit, a 232 communication circuit and battery power Acquisition circuit, used to collect three-phase voltage, current, phase angle, calculate active power, reactive power and power factor, and transmit measurement parameters to the control board, capable of testing special transformer acquisition terminals, negative control terminals, transformers, centralized Whether the basic functions and communication functions of the collector and collector are normal;
操作面板提供各种接线插孔、连接端子、电源插座和控制开关，电源插座用于给系统提供电源，控制开关用于控制系统状态，接线插孔用于引入三相电压和三相电流，连接端子用于脉冲检测、遥信检测、连接钳形互感器以及与专变采集终端通信，具备互感器输出信号和二次输入端信号检测功能，操作面板还用于连接集中器或采集器的低压电力载波通信模块及红外通信模块，用来校验集中器的通信功能；The operation panel provides various wiring jacks, connection terminals, power sockets and control switches. The power sockets are used to supply power to the system, the control switches are used to control the The terminals are used for pulse detection, remote signal detection, connection of clamp transformers and communication with special transformer acquisition terminals. They have the functions of transformer output signal and secondary input signal detection. The operation panel is also used to connect the low voltage of the concentrator or collector. The power carrier communication module and the infrared communication module are used to verify the communication function of the concentrator;
控制底板和操作面板相连，该控制底板包括载波输入输出端口、键盘、触摸屏控制电路、信号输出接口、USB通信电路和电源电路，具有专变采集终端、集中器、采集器配变终端、和负控终端的功能监测，可以检测这些设备的交流采样单元、数据传输单元和输出控制单元。The control bottom board is connected with the operation panel. The control bottom board includes carrier input and output ports, keyboard, touch screen control circuit, signal output interface, USB communication circuit and power supply circuit. The function monitoring of the control terminal can detect the AC sampling unit, data transmission unit and output control unit of these devices.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210503041.3ACN103149546B (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | The field integrated tester of a kind of portable electric energy measuring terminal |
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| CN201210503041.3ACN103149546B (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | The field integrated tester of a kind of portable electric energy measuring terminal |
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