技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种煤矿井下通风机变频器的调频控制方法，具体地说涉及一种轴流式矿井主通风机变频器的自动调频控制方法，并涉及实施该方法所采用的自动调频控制装置。The invention relates to a frequency modulation control method for a frequency converter of an underground ventilator in a coal mine, in particular to an automatic frequency modulation control method for an axial flow type mine main ventilator frequency converter, and an automatic frequency modulation control device for implementing the method.
背景技术Background technique
矿井通风机是矿井的关键设备，一方面，风机的正常、稳定运行直接影响到矿井生产和工人的人身安全；另一方面，风机又是耗电大户，通风机的耗电在整个煤矿生产中占有相当大的分量，因此需要对风机的风量进行有效地控制以达到节能的效果。传统上采用恒速电动机拖动风机，通过调节挡板或阀门来调节风机的风量，其功率损耗大，运行效率低。变频调速矿井主通风机是由变频器、电动机、风机等组成的机电一体化设备。采用变频调速技术后，可以根据矿井所需的风量来调节电动机转速，获得很好的控制性能和节能效果。采用变频调速的风量控制方式已逐步取代了风门、挡板、阀门的控制方式。Mine ventilators are key equipment in mines. On the one hand, the normal and stable operation of fans directly affects mine production and workers’ personal safety; Occupies a considerable weight, so it is necessary to effectively control the air volume of the fan to achieve the effect of energy saving. Traditionally, a constant-speed motor is used to drive the fan, and the air volume of the fan is adjusted by adjusting the baffle or valve, which results in large power loss and low operating efficiency. Frequency conversion and speed regulation mine main ventilator is a mechatronic equipment composed of frequency converter, motor, fan and so on. After adopting the frequency conversion speed regulation technology, the motor speed can be adjusted according to the air volume required by the mine, so as to obtain good control performance and energy saving effect. The air volume control method using frequency conversion speed regulation has gradually replaced the control method of damper, baffle, and valve.
目前，通风机变频器的频率调节基本上为开环调节方式，频率调节由人工设置来完成。这样，就给通风机操作人员提出了很高的要求，操作人员难于根据现场情况给出合理的频率值。由于现场通风条件是在随时变化的，所以无法及时调节通风机变频器的频率，难以获得很好的控制性能和节能效果。At present, the frequency adjustment of the ventilator frequency converter is basically an open-loop adjustment method, and the frequency adjustment is completed by manual setting. In this way, very high requirements are put forward for the fan operator, and it is difficult for the operator to give a reasonable frequency value according to the site conditions. Since the site ventilation conditions are changing at any time, it is impossible to adjust the frequency of the fan inverter in time, and it is difficult to obtain good control performance and energy-saving effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种通风机自动调频控制方法及其装置，它能够对通风机变频器的给定频率进行实时自动调控，使变频器工作在最佳频率工作范围内。The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic frequency regulation control method and device for a ventilator, which can automatically adjust the given frequency of the ventilator frequency converter in real time, so that the frequency converter can work within the optimal frequency range.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种通风机自动调频控制方法，风压传感器实时采集风机输出口的风压数据，并根据风压数据变换得到实际风量，将实际风量与给定风量进行比较，比较后得到风量偏差，将风量偏差送入PID控制器进行PID调节，PID控制器的输出信号作为通风机变频器的给定频率信号，通风机变频器的输出端连接通风机，进而调整通风机的转速和风量。An automatic frequency modulation control method for a ventilator. The wind pressure sensor collects the wind pressure data at the fan output port in real time, and converts the actual air volume according to the wind pressure data, compares the actual air volume with the given air volume, and obtains the air volume deviation after the comparison. The deviation is sent to the PID controller for PID adjustment. The output signal of the PID controller is used as the given frequency signal of the fan inverter. The output terminal of the fan inverter is connected to the fan to adjust the speed and air volume of the fan.
所述PID控制器的输入端还连接有通风机振动信号、电动机振动信号、通风机转速信号和通风机温度信号。The input end of the PID controller is also connected with the vibration signal of the fan, the vibration signal of the motor, the speed signal of the fan and the temperature signal of the fan.
在所述的PID控制器中采用变结构PID控制算法进行调节。In the PID controller, a variable structure PID control algorithm is used for adjustment.
一种通风机自动调频控制装置，它包括风压传感器，风压传感器将采集的风压数据通过信号变送模块转换成0—5V模拟信号送入数据采集卡，数据采集卡将0—5V模拟信号转变为数字信号后送入PID控制器，PID控制器调节后输出给定频率信号至通风机变频器，通风机变频器的输出端连接通风机，进而调整通风机的转速和风量。An automatic frequency modulation control device for a ventilator, which includes a wind pressure sensor, the wind pressure sensor converts the collected wind pressure data into a 0-5V analog signal through a signal transmission module and sends it to a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card converts the 0-5V analog signal The signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the PID controller. After adjustment, the PID controller outputs a given frequency signal to the fan inverter. The output terminal of the fan inverter is connected to the fan to adjust the speed and air volume of the fan.
在通风机的外壳上设置测试管，测试管内设置风压传感器。A test tube is arranged on the casing of the ventilator, and a wind pressure sensor is arranged in the test tube.
PID控制器的输入端还连接有振动传感器、温度传感器和转速传感器；所述的振动传感器分别设置在风机和电动机外壳的水平和垂直方向上；所述的温度传感器包括轴承温度传感器和定子绕组温度传感器，二者均安装在电动机的内部；所述的转速传感器设置在电动机轴端部。The input end of the PID controller is also connected with a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor and a speed sensor; the vibration sensor is respectively arranged on the horizontal and vertical directions of the blower fan and the motor casing; the temperature sensor includes a bearing temperature sensor and a stator winding temperature sensor. Sensors, both of which are installed inside the motor; the rotational speed sensor is arranged at the end of the motor shaft.
所述数据采集卡的输出端连接频率给定输出电路。The output end of the data acquisition card is connected to a given frequency output circuit.
PID控制器位于工控机中，工控机输出端还连接有液晶显示器。The PID controller is located in the industrial computer, and the output end of the industrial computer is also connected with a liquid crystal display.
采用上述技术方案的本发明，具有以下优点：The present invention adopting above-mentioned technical scheme has the following advantages:
（1）通风机自动调频控制装置可以实时显示通风机的工作状态，可以实时调节变频器的频率给定值，实现风量闭环调节，保证风量达到给定值要求，从而既满足矿井通风要求，又获取最佳节能效果和经济效益。(1) The automatic frequency modulation control device of the fan can display the working status of the fan in real time, adjust the frequency given value of the frequency converter in real time, realize the closed-loop adjustment of the air volume, and ensure that the air volume meets the requirements of the given value, so as to meet the mine ventilation requirements and Get the best energy saving effect and economic benefits.
（2）进一步采用先进的变结构PID控制算法，根据现场风量和负压的情况，实时闭环调节变频器的给定频率，满足风量闭环调节的要求。这样，可以充分发挥变频器的节能作用，同时降低通风机操作的难度。(2) The advanced variable structure PID control algorithm is further adopted to adjust the given frequency of the frequency converter in a real-time closed-loop according to the on-site air volume and negative pressure to meet the requirements of air volume closed-loop adjustment. In this way, the energy-saving function of the frequency converter can be fully utilized, and the difficulty of fan operation can be reduced at the same time.
（3）通风机自动调频控制装置通过频率给定输出电路与变频器进行联系，频率给定输出电路支持模拟量输出和串行通信两种方式，并且与变频器实现隔离，不影响变频器的工作。(3) The automatic frequency modulation control device of the fan communicates with the frequency converter through the given frequency output circuit. The frequency given output circuit supports two modes of analog output and serial communication, and is isolated from the frequency converter without affecting the frequency converter. Work.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中数据采集的原理框图。Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of data acquisition in the present invention.
图2为本发明外部接线原理图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the external wiring of the present invention.
图3为本发明自动调频控制的原理框图。Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the automatic frequency modulation control of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图3所示，一种通风机自动调频控制方法，风压传感器实时采集风机输出口的风压数据，并根据风压数据变换得到实际风量，将实际风量与给定风量进行比较，比较后得到风量偏差，将风量偏差送入PID控制器进行PID调节，PID控制器的输出信号作为通风机变频器的给定频率信号，通风机变频器的输出端连接通风机，进而调整通风机的转速和风量。本装置以变化的风量为参量来控制变频器的给定频率，进而控制主通风机的转速，能够自动地、大范围地调节主通风机转速，使其在最佳的工况条件下工作，满足井下通风要求，大大降低因主通风机长期恒速运转而造成的吨煤耗电量。同时，变频器也使主通风机的起动和调节速度时更加平滑，减少起动过程中的瞬间冲击。As shown in Figure 3, a fan automatic frequency modulation control method, the wind pressure sensor collects the wind pressure data of the fan outlet in real time, and converts the actual air volume according to the wind pressure data, compares the actual air volume with the given air volume, and compares the actual air volume with the given air volume. The air volume deviation is obtained, and the air volume deviation is sent to the PID controller for PID adjustment. The output signal of the PID controller is used as the given frequency signal of the fan inverter, and the output terminal of the fan inverter is connected to the fan to adjust the speed of the fan. and air volume. This device controls the given frequency of the frequency converter with the variable air volume as a parameter, and then controls the speed of the main fan, and can automatically and widely adjust the speed of the main fan to make it work under the best working conditions. Meet the underground ventilation requirements and greatly reduce the power consumption per ton of coal caused by the long-term constant speed operation of the main ventilator. At the same time, the frequency converter also makes the starting and speed adjustment of the main fan smoother, reducing the instantaneous impact during the starting process.
上述PID控制器的输入端还连接有通风机振动信号、电动机振动信号、通风机转速信号和通风机温度信号。The input end of the above-mentioned PID controller is also connected with the vibration signal of the fan, the vibration signal of the motor, the speed signal of the fan and the temperature signal of the fan.
在PID控制器中采用变结构PID控制算法进行调节，且上述的变结构PID控制算法为本领域普通技术人员所熟知的技术。本发明根据现场风量和负压的情况，实时闭环调节变频器的给定频率，满足风量闭环调节的要求。这样，可以充分发挥变频器的节能作用，同时降低通风机操作的难度。In the PID controller, a variable structure PID control algorithm is used for adjustment, and the above variable structure PID control algorithm is well known to those skilled in the art. According to the situation of air volume and negative pressure on site, the present invention adjusts the given frequency of the frequency converter in a real-time closed-loop to meet the requirements of air volume closed-loop adjustment. In this way, the energy-saving function of the frequency converter can be fully utilized, and the difficulty of fan operation can be reduced at the same time.
通风机自动调频控制装置的软件具有管理员功能菜单、信号实时监测、数字控制器、频率给定输出、打印查询、故障诊断、报警解除、数据共享等功能。各模块主要功能如下：The software of the ventilator automatic frequency modulation control device has the functions of administrator function menu, signal real-time monitoring, digital controller, frequency given output, print query, fault diagnosis, alarm release, data sharing and other functions. The main functions of each module are as follows:
(1)参数设置模块：修正参数设置模块主要用于对风压、振动、温度、转速等传感器及变送器的放大系数进行设置，克服传感器及变送器的误差。(1) Parameter setting module: The correction parameter setting module is mainly used to set the amplification factors of sensors and transmitters such as wind pressure, vibration, temperature, and rotational speed, so as to overcome the errors of sensors and transmitters.
(2)实时监测模块：能够实时监测风压、振动、温度、转速等信号，可以给出上述信号的运行曲线和数值，并可以根据需要放大某一信号的曲线图。(2) Real-time monitoring module: It can monitor wind pressure, vibration, temperature, speed and other signals in real time, and can give the operation curve and value of the above signals, and can enlarge the graph of a certain signal as needed.
(3)频率给定输出模块：能够通过频率给定输出电路与变频器进行联系，频率给定输出电路支持模拟量输出和串行通信两种方式。(3) Frequency given output module: It can communicate with the frequency converter through the frequency given output circuit, and the frequency given output circuit supports two modes of analog output and serial communication.
(4)打印查询模块：能够实现10年内风压、振动、温度、转速等信号运行数据的保留、查询和打印。(4) Print query module: It can realize the retention, query and printing of wind pressure, vibration, temperature, speed and other signal operation data within 10 years.
(5)故障诊断模块：能够对测得的风压、振动、温度、转速等信号及其历史数据进行综合分析，从而确定通风机和主要检测部件是否处于故障状态。(5) Fault diagnosis module: It can comprehensively analyze the measured wind pressure, vibration, temperature, speed and other signals and their historical data, so as to determine whether the fan and main detection components are in a fault state.
(6)报警解除模块：当通风机处于故障状态时，此时“通风机工况”指示灯变为红色。诊断系统具有记忆故障诊断结果的功能，只有按下“报警解除”按钮，诊断系统才清除所记忆的故障诊断结果，恢复成正常显示。(6) Alarm release module: When the ventilator is in a fault state, the indicator light of "ventilator working condition" turns red. The diagnosis system has the function of memorizing the fault diagnosis results. Only by pressing the "alarm release" button can the diagnosis system clear the memorized fault diagnosis results and return to the normal display.
(7)数据共享模块：能够允许用户利用网络实现远程监测和数据查询。(7) Data sharing module: it can allow users to use the network to realize remote monitoring and data query.
如图1、图2所示，一种通风机自动调频控制装置，它包括风压传感器，风压传感器将采集的风压数据通过信号变送模块转换成0—5V模拟信号送入数据采集卡，数据采集卡将0—5V模拟信号转变为数字信号后送入PID控制器，PID控制器调节后输出给定频率信号至通风机变频器，通风机变频器的输出端连接通风机，进而调整通风机的转速和风量。上述数据采集卡插在PCI插槽上，其输出端连接频率给定输出电路。其中数据采集卡。本发明采用模块化结构，具有可靠性高、结构简单、维护方便的特点。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, an automatic frequency modulation control device for ventilators includes a wind pressure sensor, and the wind pressure sensor converts the collected wind pressure data into a 0-5V analog signal through the signal transmission module and sends it to the data acquisition card , the data acquisition card converts the 0-5V analog signal into a digital signal and sends it to the PID controller. After the PID controller is adjusted, it outputs a given frequency signal to the fan inverter. Fan speed and air volume. The above-mentioned data acquisition card is inserted in the PCI slot, and its output terminal is connected to the frequency given output circuit. Among them, the data acquisition card. The invention adopts a modular structure and has the characteristics of high reliability, simple structure and convenient maintenance.
本发明中传感器的布置如下：(1)在风机外壳上焊接测试管，安装2只风压传感器，用于测量风机的风压情况；(2)在风机外壳的水平和垂直方向各安装1只振动传感器，用于测量风机的振动情况；(3)在电动机外壳的水平和垂直方向各安装1只振动传感器，用于测量电动机的振动情况；(4)轴承温度传感器和定子绕组温度传感器均安装在电动机的内部，具体安装位置由电动机生产厂家决定，电动机出厂时温度传感器已经安装完毕，不必考虑安装，温度传感器的输出由电动机的接线盒引出；(5)在电动机轴端部安装1只转速传感器，用于测量电动机的转速值。The arrangement of sensor among the present invention is as follows: (1) weld test pipe on the blower fan casing, install 2 wind pressure sensors, be used to measure the wind pressure situation of blower fan; Vibration sensors are used to measure the vibration of the fan; (3) One vibration sensor is installed in the horizontal and vertical directions of the motor casing to measure the vibration of the motor; (4) The bearing temperature sensor and the stator winding temperature sensor are installed Inside the motor, the specific installation location is determined by the motor manufacturer. The temperature sensor has been installed when the motor leaves the factory, so there is no need to consider the installation. The output of the temperature sensor is drawn from the junction box of the motor; (5) Install a speed sensor at the end of the motor shaft The sensor is used to measure the rotational speed value of the electric motor.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110384412.6ACN103133381B (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2011-11-28 | Ventilator automatic frequency adjustment controlling method and device thereof |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110384412.6ACN103133381B (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2011-11-28 | Ventilator automatic frequency adjustment controlling method and device thereof |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103133381A CN103133381A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
| CN103133381Btrue CN103133381B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201110384412.6AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103133381B (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2011-11-28 | Ventilator automatic frequency adjustment controlling method and device thereof |
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