本发明涉及一种洒水器。The present invention relates to a sprinkler.
作为花园洒水装置的洒水器典型地具有形成水出口的洒水喷头，所述洒水喷头带有喷嘴装置，所述喷嘴装置相对于包含水入口的基体围绕一枢转轴线能够枢转。对于扇形洒水器，其枢转轴线典型地为竖直定位的，而对于矩形洒水器，其枢转轴线为水平定位的。洒水喷头通常借助于由涡轮机叶轮驱动的洒水器传动机构进行枢转。为了切换两个可调节枢转角度极限之间的旋转运动的转动方向，优选地涡轮机能够在两个相反的转动方向上可切换地转动，为了达到这一目的，提供了两个分离的供给通道以及安置在供给通道上游的切换装置，所述切换装置将供给通道中之一可切换地连接至水入口，以便用于推进水流。经由所述涡轮机，从水入口流至水出口的水流至少部分地用作推进水流，并且经由弹簧阀典型地作为旁通水流，其中所述旁通水流通常大于所述推进水流。这样的配置通常是已知的。Sprinklers as garden sprinklers typically have a sprinkler head forming a water outlet with a nozzle arrangement that is pivotable about a pivot axis relative to a base body containing the water inlet. For fan-shaped sprinklers, the pivot axis is typically oriented vertically, while for rectangular sprinklers, the pivot axis is oriented horizontally. The sprinkler head is typically pivoted by means of a sprinkler drive driven by a turbine wheel. In order to switch the direction of rotation of the rotary movement between two adjustable pivot angle limits, preferably the turbine is switchably turnable in two opposite directions of rotation, for this purpose two separate supply channels are provided and switching means disposed upstream of the supply channels, said switching means switchably connecting one of the supply channels to the water inlet for advancing water flow. Through the turbine, the water flow from the water inlet to the water outlet is at least partly used as propulsion flow, and typically via a spring valve as bypass flow, wherein the bypass flow is generally greater than the propulsion flow. Such configurations are generally known.
在EP0489679A1中披露了具有由涡轮机驱动的涡轮机的这种洒水器。独立的涡轮机叶片形成袋状腔，其以狭窄的径向槽开口朝向由涡轮机叶片的环包围的空隙打开。带有平行于涡轮机轴线的圆形第一部分的两个供给通道向上远离切换装置，并且展开至更狭窄的第二部分中，所述更狭窄的第二部分在对立角度段以弧形形式包围涡轮机。在每种情况中，多个狭窄的喷嘴通道在朝向涡轮机的角度下远离所述第二部分被供料。Such a sprinkler with a turbine driven by the turbine is disclosed in EP0489679A1. The individual turbine blades form pocket-like cavities which open with narrow radial slot openings towards the interspace enclosed by the ring of the turbine blades. Two feed channels with a circular first part parallel to the turbine axis go upwards away from the switching device and open into a narrower second part which surrounds the turbine in an arc in opposite angular sections . In each case, a plurality of narrow nozzle channels are fed away from the second portion at an angle towards the turbine.
这种洒水器的问题是，由于该系统，由推进水流施加在涡轮机上的力只有很小，因此当重启时或在多个切换操作的一个操作期间，存在涡轮机不启动的风险。由于用于灌溉花园的洒水器必须能成本低廉地制造，因此限制了设计可能性。The problem with this type of sprinkler is that, thanks to this system, the force exerted on the turbine by the propulsion water is only small, so there is a risk that the turbine will not start when restarting or during one of several switching operations. Since sprinklers for watering gardens have to be manufactured cost-effectively, the design possibilities are limited.
本发明基于以下目标，即，对具有由涡轮机驱动的洒水器传动机构的洒水器进行具体说明，其中涡轮机的启动特性仅需微小努力就得到了改善。The invention is based on the object of specifying a sprinkler with a sprinkler drive driven by a turbine, the start-up behavior of the turbine being improved with only minimal effort.
在独立权利要求中描述了根据本发明的解决方法。从属权利要求包含了本发明的有利实施例以及其发展。The solution according to the invention is described in the independent claims. The dependent claims contain advantageous embodiments of the invention as well as developments thereof.
已经示出的是，根据本发明的措施显著地改善了推进水流从中流过的水路径的流动特性。特别地，发明人已经认识到，由于所描述的措施，可实现减少湍流的形成，并且因此可大幅减少推进水流的能量损失，因此更大比例的能量留存下来作为作用在涡轮机上的力并且可实现更大的启动扭矩。It has been shown that the measures according to the invention significantly improve the flow behavior of the water path through which the propulsion water flows. In particular, the inventors have realized that, thanks to the measures described, a reduction in the formation of turbulence can be achieved, and thus a substantial reduction in the energy losses propelling the water flow, whereby a greater proportion of the energy is retained as a force acting on the turbine and can be Achieve greater starting torque.
第一个显著的改善来自于重新设计了偏转区域，在该区域中供给通道从带有基本平行于涡轮机轴线的流动进展部的第一通道区段进展到第二通道区段，其中第二通道区段的流动方向基本处于垂直于涡轮机轴线的平面中。有利地，第二通道区段以围绕安置有涡轮机的空间的弧形形式存在。The first significant improvement comes from the redesign of the deflection area in which the feed channel progresses from a first channel section with a flow progression substantially parallel to the turbine axis to a second channel section, where the second channel The flow direction of the sections lies substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the turbine. Advantageously, the second channel section is present in the form of an arc around the space in which the turbine is accommodated.
所述偏转区域设计成用于流动增强以及降低湍流，其中在偏转区域中界定供给通道的外部路径的至少一个外壁相对于流动方向的改变是弯曲的。可对于流动方向的改变假想出一虚构偏转轴线。第一外壁为供给通道的边界，该边界相对于偏转区域中这样的偏转轴线位于径向外部。第一外壁的曲率半径在偏转的路线上可改变，并且有利地不小于偏转区域中的供给通道的高度的30%，特别是不小于该高度的60%。可将外壁距第一内壁的最小径向距离认为是供给通道的高度，所述第一内壁径向内部地界定供给通道，其在偏转的路线上可改变，其中，如果供给通道的横截面不是恒定平行于偏转区域中的假想偏转轴线的话，则必须认为其处于偏转区域中的供给通道的横截面区域的中心处。The deflection area is designed for flow enhancement and turbulence reduction, wherein at least one outer wall delimiting the outer path of the supply channel in the deflection area is curved relative to a change in flow direction. An imaginary deflection axis can be imagined for a change in flow direction. The first outer wall is the boundary of the feed channel, which is located radially on the outside with respect to such a deflection axis in the deflection region. The radius of curvature of the first outer wall is variable over the course of the deflection and is advantageously not less than 30%, in particular not less than 60%, of the height of the feed channel in the deflection region. The minimum radial distance of the outer wall from the first inner wall can be considered as the height of the feed channel which delimits the feed channel radially inwardly, which can be changed on the course of the deflection, wherein if the cross-section of the feed channel is not Constantly parallel to the imaginary deflection axis in the deflection region, it must be considered to be in the center of the cross-sectional area of the feed channel in the deflection region.
有利地，供给通道的第一内壁在偏转区域中不具有锐弯或阶部，特别是具有均匀的弯曲，其中，有利地，内壁的可能变化的曲率半径不小于供给通道的所述高度的20%，特别是不小于该高度的40%。Advantageously, the first inner wall of the supply channel has no sharp bends or steps in the deflection region, in particular a uniform curvature, wherein, advantageously, the possibly variable radius of curvature of the inner wall is not less than 20 of the height of the supply channel %, especially not less than 40% of the height.
为了有利并且具有成本效益地制造所述洒水器，特别是用注塑件制造所述洒水器，供给通道在偏转区域中由底部部分的表面以及固定于其的盖界定，其中，第一通道区段形成在偏转装置与偏转区域之间的底部部分中。有利地，第一内壁形成在底部部分上并且第一外壁形成在盖上，因此形成了用于底部部分和盖（甚至用于偏转区域中的供给通道的边界的弯曲进展部的注塑成型工具）的有利设计。For an advantageous and cost-effective production of the sprinkler, in particular from an injection-molded part, the supply channel is delimited in the deflecting region by the surface of the bottom part and the cover fastened thereto, wherein the first channel section Formed in the bottom portion between the deflection means and the deflection area. Advantageously, the first inner wall is formed on the bottom part and the first outer wall on the cover, thus forming an injection molding tool for the bottom part and the cover (even for the curved progression of the boundary of the supply channel in the deflection area) favorable design.
另一个显著的改善来自于对最后通道部分的流动增强和低湍流的设计，下文中将所述最后通道部分称为第三通道区段，其在入口喷嘴处结束，并且针对其假定了围绕涡轮机轴线的至少30°的角度延伸。所述设计规定外壁以不带有锐弯的连续弯曲方式存在，所述外壁相对于涡轮机轴线位于径向向外并且界定供给通道，并且在下文中也将其称为第三外壁。有利地，第三外壁的曲率半径不小于涡轮机半径的15%，特别是不小于所述半径的25%，其中理解的是，涡轮机半径是指涡轮机叶片的环状布置的外部半径。所述曲率半径在第三通道区段的路线中可改变。Another significant improvement comes from the flow enhancement and low turbulence design of the final channel section, hereinafter referred to as the third channel section, which ends at the inlet nozzle and for which it is assumed that the surrounding turbine The axis extends at an angle of at least 30°. The design provides for the presence of an outer wall in a continuously curved manner without sharp bends, said outer wall lying radially outward with respect to the turbine axis and delimiting the feed channel, and which is also referred to below as the third outer wall. Advantageously, the radius of curvature of the third outer wall is not less than 15% of the turbine radius, in particular not less than 25% of said radius, wherein the turbine radius is understood to mean the outer radius of the annular arrangement of turbine blades. The radius of curvature can vary in the course of the third channel section.
有利地，第三通道区段朝向入口喷嘴的连续变窄，其与朝向入口喷嘴增大的推进水流速度相关。第三通道区段的不具有锐弯且没有出现湍流或低湍流的连续弯曲进展导致了从入口喷嘴朝向涡轮机叶片的推进水流的低流动阻力和高出口速度以及有利地导致了涡轮机上的高扭矩。Advantageously, the continuous narrowing of the third channel section towards the inlet nozzle correlates with the increasing velocity of the propulsive water flow towards the inlet nozzle. The continuous curved progression of the third channel section without sharp bends and without the occurrence of turbulence or low turbulence leads to low flow resistance and high outlet velocity of the propulsion water flow from the inlet nozzle towards the turbine blades and advantageously to high torque on the turbine .
有利地，第三通道区段的内壁也以不具有锐弯或阶部的形式存在，且特别地具有均匀的弯曲。Advantageously, the inner wall of the third channel section is also present without sharp bends or steps, and in particular has a uniform curvature.
对于所述类型洒水器中的涡轮机的涡轮机叶片存在的设计局限特别地在于：需要多对叶片导向面以便提供双向旋转的能力，在每种情况中成对的叶片导向面都相对于径向线镜像对称地安置；并且涡轮机典型地由塑料注塑件实施。对于后一个原因，涡轮机叶片通常在相对于涡轮机轴线的一侧上轴向地连接至对于所有叶片共用的垫圈，并且涡轮机叶片在其在远离所述垫圈的平面的直角处的延伸部中具有基本恒定截面。因此可通过平行于垫圈平面的截面中的线来描绘导向面的形状。Design limitations exist for the turbine vanes of the turbines in sprinklers of this type, in particular that multiple pairs of vane guide surfaces are required in order to provide bi-directional rotation capability, in each case pairs of vane guide surfaces relative to a radial line Mirror symmetrically placed; and the turbine is typically implemented by a plastic injection molded part. For the latter reason, the turbine blades are usually connected axially on one side relative to the turbine axis to a gasket common to all blades, and the turbine blades have substantially constant section. The shape of the guide surface can thus be described by a line in a section parallel to the plane of the washer.
当水从当前入口喷嘴作用于其上的处于相互面对导向面之间的中间空间流出时，以这种方式设计导向面，即，使得导向面以一定角度在径向内端边缘处形成锥形，所述径向内端边缘相对于径向线具有排放角度，这影响了由涡轮机叶片的环包围的中间空间中的水排放方向，该排放方向具有切向流动分量，该切向流动分量与涡轮机的相应旋转方向相对且提供有助于涡轮机的启动扭矩的力。所述导向面凹入地弯曲成远离所述中间空间。在每种情况中，涡轮机叶片优选地具有两个相互背向远离的导向面，并且在每种情况中，与涡轮机的两个旋转方向中的一个相联系，并且优选地在位于径向向外的端部处比径向向内端部处更窄。When water flows out of the intermediate space between the mutually facing guide surfaces on which the front inlet nozzle acts, the guide surfaces are designed in such a way that they form a cone at an angle at the radially inner end edge shape, said radially inner end edge has a discharge angle with respect to the radial line, which affects the discharge direction of water in the intermediate space surrounded by the ring of turbine blades, which discharge direction has a tangential flow component, the tangential flow component Opposite the respective direction of rotation of the turbine and provide a force that contributes to the starting torque of the turbine. The guide surface is concavely curved away from the intermediate space. In each case, the turbine blade preferably has two guide surfaces facing away from each other and in each case associated with one of the two directions of rotation of the turbine and preferably located radially outward Narrower at the end than at the radially inward end.
位于两个相互面对的导向面之间的涡轮机叶片的径向向内端部处的间隙（水经由所述间隙以所述排放角度从中间空间流出）沿圆周方向具有一宽度，所述宽度有利地介于连续间隙之间距离的30%至200%之间，优选地介于连续间隙之间距离的50%至150%之间。同时，连续间隙之间的距离通常等于涡轮机叶片在其径向向内端部处的最大宽度。The gap at the radially inward end of the turbine blade between two mutually facing guide surfaces, through which the water flows out of the intermediate space at the discharge angle, has a width in the circumferential direction, which Advantageously between 30% and 200% of the distance between consecutive gaps, preferably between 50% and 150% of the distance between consecutive gaps. At the same time, the distance between successive gaps is generally equal to the maximum width of the turbine blade at its radially inward end.
参考附图，下面基于优选的示例性实施方式对本发明进行更详细的阐明。在附图中：Referring to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be explained in more detail below based on preferred exemplary embodiments. In the attached picture:
图1为洒水器的部分切除的截面图，Figure 1 is a partially cut-away sectional view of a sprinkler,
图2为带有供给通道的涡轮机的平面图，Figure 2 is a plan view of a turbine with feed channels,
图3示出了图2的一个变形，Figure 3 shows a variant of Figure 2,
图4示出了涡轮机的一个优选实施方式，Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the turbine,
图5为入口喷嘴区域的放大截面图。Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the inlet nozzle area.
以稍微倾斜的斜视图，图1示出了部分切除的洒水器传动机构，其外壳具有底部部分UT和顶部部分OT，所述底部部分和顶部部分制造为独立部件，特别是制造成注塑模具部件，并且随后以示出的方式接合在一起。外壳以部分切除的形式示出，并且这样做特别地提供了看到两个供给通道的视角。切换装置UE仅以虚线示出，其中两个供给通道中的一个能借助于所述切换装置连接至洒水器的水入口。In a slightly oblique oblique view, FIG. 1 shows a partially cutaway sprinkler drive, the housing of which has a bottom part UT and a top part OT, which are manufactured as separate parts, in particular as injection molded parts , and are subsequently joined together in the manner shown. The housing is shown partially cut away, and doing so notably provides a view into the two supply channels. The switching device UE is shown only in dashed lines, by means of which one of the two supply channels can be connected to the water inlet of the sprinkler.
带有喷嘴装置的洒水喷头可连接至出口开口GA，其中这种连接的洒水喷头可借助于洒水器传动机构围绕转动轴线DA双向枢转，其中水流过所述洒水器传动机构。在正常操作位置，转动轴线DA在扇形洒水器中为竖直的，并且在矩形洒水器中为水平的。在下述附图的描述中采用一种具有竖直转动轴线的扇形洒水器，并且诸如顶部或底部的位置信息是指其相对于竖直转动轴线的正常操作位置。A sprinkler head with a nozzle arrangement can be connected to the outlet opening GA, wherein such a connected sprinkler head can be bidirectionally pivoted about an axis of rotation DA by means of a sprinkler drive through which water flows. In the normal operating position, the axis of rotation DA is vertical in sector sprinklers and horizontal in rectangular sprinklers. In the description of the figures below, a fan-shaped sprinkler having a vertical axis of rotation is used, and positional information such as top or bottom refers to its normal operating position relative to the vertical axis of rotation.
在图1中可看到作为底部部分的部分的两个第一通道区段，即第一供给通道的第一通道区段K11和第二供给通道的第一通道区段K21，它们通过偏转区域（下面将详细描述）连接至两个通道区段，即，第一供给通道的通道区段K12和第二供给通道的通道区段K22。除非明确说明，否则在下面每种情况中均仅描述两个供给通道中的一个。这两个供给通道相对于包含涡轮机轴线的中心平面基本镜像对称。In FIG. 1 two first channel sections can be seen as part of the bottom part, namely the first channel section K11 of the first supply channel and the first channel section K21 of the second supply channel, which pass through the deflection area (to be described in detail below) are connected to two channel sections, namely channel section K12 of the first supply channel and channel section K22 of the second supply channel. Only one of the two supply channels is described in each case below unless explicitly stated otherwise. The two feed channels are substantially mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central plane containing the turbine axis.
在切换装置UE下游与朝向偏转区域之间的第一通道区段K1、K12基本为竖直的，并且平行于洒水器传动机构的涡轮机的涡轮机轴线，其中涡轮机轴典型地（并且在本实施例中也示出为）平行于转动轴线DA。The first channel section K1, K12 between downstream of the switching device UE and towards the deflection area is substantially vertical and parallel to the turbine axis of the turbine of the sprinkler drive, wherein the turbine axis is typically (and in this embodiment Also shown in ) parallel to the axis of rotation DA.
从图2可以看出，第二通道区段K12、K22呈围绕涡轮机TR的弧形，其中该涡轮机围绕涡轮机轴线TA可转动地安装。第二通道区段结合于第三通道区段K13、K23，所述第三通道区段在入口喷嘴AD处结束，并且在其前端沿流动方向在至少为30°的角度范围W3上延伸。有利地，第二通道区段和第三通道区段通过不带有阶部且不带有锐弯的连续弯曲部相互结合。It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the second channel section K12 , K22 is arc-shaped around the turbine TR, wherein the turbine is mounted rotatably about the turbine axis TA. The second channel section joins a third channel section K13 , K23 , which ends at the inlet nozzle AD and extends at its front end in the direction of flow over an angular range W3 of at least 30°. Advantageously, the second channel section and the third channel section are joined to each other by a continuous bend without steps and without sharp bends.
在第一供给通道的第一通道区段K11与第二通道区段K12之间的偏转区域中，推进水流的流动从第一通道区段K11中的初始竖直主流动方向转向为如下主流方向，所述主流方向在进入第二通道区段时为水平的并且相对于涡轮机轴线TA大致为切向的，以使在偏转区域上在主流动方向上的变化大约为90°。箭头MS指流动的中心。假想的偏转轴线可分配给该经过90°的偏转，偏转轴线的方向垂直于第一和第二主流动方向并且位于这两个主流动方向的内角处，而且供给通道的径向外边界和供给通道的径向内边界相对于该偏转轴线存在于偏转区域中。供给通道的相对于该假想偏转轴线的径向外边界由第一外壁AU1提供，并且内边界由第一内壁IU1提供。In the deflection region between the first channel section K11 and the second channel section K12 of the first supply channel, the flow of the propulsion water flow is deflected from the initial vertical main flow direction in the first channel section K11 to the following main flow direction , the main flow direction is horizontal when entering the second channel section and is approximately tangential to the turbine axis TA, so that the change in the main flow direction over the deflection area is approximately 90°. Arrows MS indicate the center of flow. An imaginary deflection axis can be assigned to this deflection through 90°, the direction of the deflection axis is perpendicular to the first and second main flow direction and is located at the inner corner of these two main flow directions, and the radially outer boundary of the supply channel and the supply The radially inner boundary of the channel exists in the deflection zone with respect to the deflection axis. The radially outer boundary of the feed channel with respect to this imaginary axis of deflection is provided by the first outer wall AU1 and the inner boundary by the first inner wall IU1 .
第一外壁AU1远离供给通道的内部形成弯曲，其中曲率半径可沿流动方向在外壁的路线中改变。所述外壁的一个位置处示出了曲率半径RA。The first outer wall AU1 is curved away from the interior of the supply channel, wherein the radius of curvature can change in the course of the outer wall in the flow direction. The radius of curvature RA is shown at one location of the outer wall.
以相似的方式，第一内壁IU1在偏转区域中朝向供给通道的内部形成弯曲。同样在一个位置处示出了作为第一内壁IU1的曲率的曲率半径RI。将第一外壁AU1至第一内壁IU1的距离指定为偏转区域中的供给通道的高度UH。In a similar manner, the first inner wall IU1 is curved towards the inside of the supply channel in the deflection region. The radius of curvature RI as the curvature of the first inner wall IU1 is also shown at one position. The distance from the first outer wall AU1 to the first inner wall IU1 is designated as the height UH of the feed channel in the deflection area.
曲率半径RA、RI以及高度UH可在偏转区域的路线中改变。有利地，在偏转期间，供给通道的深度（该深度沿假想偏转轴线UA的方向作为横截面尺寸进行测量）从第一通道区段K11的结束部分至第二通道区段K12的起始部分基本保持不变。如果偏转区域中的供给通道的横截面偏离矩形形状，则在每种情况中都沿穿过流动的中部且基本垂直于所述流动的方向测量供给通道的深度、供给通道的高度UH以及第一外壁AU1的半径RA和第一内壁IU1的半径RI。The radii of curvature RA, RI and the height UH can vary in the course of the deflection zone. Advantageously, during the deflection, the depth of the supply channel (measured as a cross-sectional dimension in the direction of the imaginary deflection axis UA) from the end of the first channel section K11 to the start of the second channel section K12 is substantially constant. If the cross-section of the supply channel in the deflection area deviates from a rectangular shape, the depth of the supply channel, the height UH of the supply channel and the first The radius RA of the outer wall AU1 and the radius RI of the first inner wall IU1.
有利地，曲率半径RA不小于偏转区域中的供给通道的最大高度UH值的30%，特别是不小于该高度的60%。有利地，第一内壁IU1的曲率半径RI不小于高度UH的20%，特别是不小于该高度的40%。Advantageously, the radius of curvature RA is not less than 30% of the value of the maximum height UH of the feed channel in the deflection area, in particular not less than 60% of this height. Advantageously, the radius of curvature RI of the first inner wall IU1 is not less than 20% of the height UH, in particular not less than 40% of this height.
具有最小值曲率半径的第一外壁表面AU1和第一内壁表面IU1的曲率有利地导致了流动的偏转，其阻止了典型流速下的推进水流的湍流或与已知的实施例相比至少充分地减少了湍流。有利地，这使得在该点避免了推进水流的能量损失，并且实现了涡轮机上的推进水流的更大驱动力，这导致了涡轮机的更高启动扭矩和改进的启动特性。The curvature of the first outer wall surface AU1 and the first inner wall surface IU1 having a minimum radius of curvature advantageously results in a deflection of the flow which prevents turbulence of the propulsion flow at typical flow velocities or at least substantially Reduced turbulence. Advantageously, this avoids energy loss of the propulsion water at this point and achieves a greater driving force of the propulsion water on the turbine, which results in a higher starting torque and improved start-up characteristics of the turbine.
为了实现所述的有利偏转区域，有利地，供给通道的第一内壁表面IU1形成在底部部分UT中，并且第一外壁AU1形成在顶部部分OT中。这就导致了注塑成型工具的有利设计，其中用于底部部分和用于顶部部分的注塑成型工具均可这样设计，即，在每种情况中可使得工具半部沿转动轴线的方向上相对于彼此移动，并且不需诸如滑块等额外的工具部件，所述额外的工具部件会增加工具和制造注塑模具的成本。在示出的例子中，顶部部分OT形成壶形，其在底部开口并且其外壁以盖的形式包围底部部分的外侧，在其盖表面DE上，第一外壁AU1沿底部部分的方向形成为延伸部VD。在示出的优选例子中，盖表面DE的形成第一外壁AU1的延伸部VD紧紧地倚靠形成在底部部分的供给通道的竖直壁，与第一通道区段K11连续。在偏转区域中，在从第一外壁AU1的区域中从底部部分至顶部部分的过渡处也可具有带有互补阶部的其他过渡。对于所述曲率半径而言，没有考虑该过渡的均匀连续弯曲的小扰乱。In order to achieve said advantageous deflection area, advantageously, the first inner wall surface IU1 of the supply channel is formed in the bottom part UT and the first outer wall AU1 is formed in the top part OT. This leads to an advantageous design of the injection molding tool, wherein both the injection molding tool for the bottom part and the top part can be designed in such a way that in each case it is possible to make the tool half in the direction of the axis of rotation relative to the move each other, and without the need for additional tooling parts, such as slides, which would increase the cost of tooling and making the injection mold. In the example shown, the top part OT is formed in the shape of a pot which is open at the bottom and whose outer wall surrounds the outside of the bottom part in the form of a cover, on whose cover surface DE a first outer wall AU1 is formed extending in the direction of the bottom part Ministry of VD. In the preferred example shown, the extension VD of the cover surface DE forming the first outer wall AU1 rests tightly against the vertical wall of the supply channel formed in the bottom part, continuous with the first channel section K11 . In the deflection region there may also be other transitions with complementary steps at the transition from the bottom part to the top part in the region of the first outer wall AU1 . Small perturbations in the uniform continuous curvature of the transition are not taken into account for the radius of curvature.
从图2可看出，在有利实施方式中，供给通道在第二通道区段K11中连续地变窄且不具有锐弯或阶部，并且连续地与通向入口喷嘴AD的第三通道区段K13结合。第二通道区段K12也可设计为具有恒定截面。第三通道区段K13在其通向入口喷嘴AD的路线中连续地变窄，因此，推进水流的水流动速度朝向入口喷嘴AD增大。有利地，第三通道区段K13具有连续的弯曲外壁A3和/或连续的弯曲内壁13。外壁A3或内壁13也可具有朝向入口喷嘴AD的直线路线。有利地，外壁A3的曲率半径不小于涡轮机TR的半径RT的20%，特别是不小于该半径的40%。有利地，内壁13的曲率半径不小于涡轮机TR的半径RT的15%，特别是不小于该半径的25%。来自于入口喷嘴AD的水的主流动方向ES与在入口喷嘴处关于涡轮机相切方向之间的角度（下文称为入射角，图5中的EW）有利地不大于45°。As can be seen from FIG. 2 , in an advantageous embodiment, the supply channel narrows continuously in the second channel section K11 without sharp bends or steps and is continuous with the third channel area leading to the inlet nozzle AD. Segment K13 binds. The second channel section K12 can also be designed with a constant cross section. The third channel section K13 narrows continuously on its way to the inlet nozzle AD, so that the water flow velocity of the propelling water flow increases towards the inlet nozzle AD. Advantageously, the third channel section K13 has a continuous curved outer wall A3 and/or a continuous curved inner wall 13 . The outer wall A3 or the inner wall 13 may also have a straight course towards the inlet nozzle AD. Advantageously, the radius of curvature of the outer wall A3 is not less than 20% of the radius RT of the turbine TR, in particular not less than 40% of this radius. Advantageously, the radius of curvature of the inner wall 13 is not less than 15% of the radius RT of the turbine TR, in particular not less than 25% of this radius. The angle between the main flow direction ES of the water coming from the inlet nozzle AD and the direction tangential to the turbine at the inlet nozzle (hereinafter referred to as angle of incidence, EW in FIG. 5 ) is advantageously not greater than 45°.
为了解释本发明，第二和第三通道区段（当过渡部分为连续的时，所述第二和第三通道区段本身并未清晰地分隔开）以如下方式相互被约束，即，使得第三通道区段在入口喷嘴AD之前以至少30°的角度部分W3在涡轮机轴线TA周围延伸。For the purpose of explaining the invention, the second and third channel sections (which themselves are not clearly separated when the transition section is continuous) are constrained to each other in such a way that Such that the third channel section extends around the turbine axis TA at an angular portion W3 of at least 30° before the inlet nozzle AD.
以这种方式限定的第三通道区段也由图3中描绘的带有较为复杂结构的供给通道的变体提供。由于具有这种较为复杂的通道结构，因此第二通道区段K12不仅连接第三通道区段K13，而且还连接额外的辅助通道KH，该辅助通道供入到指向涡轮机的额外入口喷嘴，并且相对于入口喷嘴AD沿圆周方向偏离。A third channel section defined in this way is also provided by the variant of the supply channel depicted in FIG. 3 with a more complex structure. Due to this more complex channel structure, the second channel section K12 is connected not only to the third channel section K13, but also to an additional auxiliary channel KH which feeds an additional inlet nozzle directed towards the turbine and is relatively The inlet nozzle AD deviates in the circumferential direction.
推进水流从入口喷嘴AD流至涡轮机TR的涡轮机叶片，并且在其上施加力或扭矩。在有利的实施例中，推进水流被引导进入内部空间IR，所述内部空间由以环形形式安置的涡轮机叶片包围。在优选实施例中，在总量上通常大于推进水流的旁路水流也被引导经过内部空间IR，其中，弹簧加载旁路阀安置在内部空间IR上游的旁路中，以使先前分离的流动路径在内部空间中再次汇合，并且沿连接部GA或水出口的方向上供入与之连接的喷嘴装置中。The propulsion water flows from the inlet nozzle AD to the turbine blades of the turbine TR and exerts a force or torque thereon. In an advantageous embodiment, the propulsion water flow is directed into an inner space IR surrounded by turbine blades arranged in annular form. In a preferred embodiment, a bypass flow, which is generally greater in total than the propulsion flow, is also directed through the interior space IR, wherein a spring-loaded bypass valve is placed in the bypass upstream of the interior space IR so that the previously separated flow The paths merge again in the interior space and feed into the nozzle arrangement connected thereto in the direction of the connection GA or the water outlet.
有利地，为了将从外部径向地引导至涡轮机叶片上的推进水流偏转至内部空间IR，推进水流流入其中的位于连续涡轮机叶片之间的中间空间通过连续涡轮机叶片之间的位于其径向内端处的孔连接至内部空间。Advantageously, in order to deflect the propulsion flow directed radially from the outside onto the turbine blades to the inner space IR, the intermediate space between successive turbine blades into which the propulsion flow flows passes Holes at the ends connect to the interior space.
图4示出了具有多个涡轮机叶片TS的涡轮机TR的优选实施方式，所述涡轮机叶片TS以围绕涡轮机轴线TA的环形形式的规则配置安置，并且形成为来自普通垫圈SR的轴向投影。在该有利的实施例中，涡轮机叶片具有导向面的形式，其以参考图5的更详细描述的方式对作用在涡轮机上的扭矩施加了辅助作用，特别是用于启动涡轮机。涡轮机叶片TS本身相对于穿过涡轮机轴线TA的反射平面镜像对称地形成，因此，由于涡轮机叶片的规则布置，该镜像对称也可应用于相对于镜像对称平面的连续涡轮机叶片之间的中间空间ZR，所述镜像对称平面经过所述中间空间并且包含涡轮机轴线TA。这种镜像对称是能够被双向驱动的洒水器传动机构的涡轮机常见的情况。Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a turbine TR with a plurality of turbine blades TS arranged in a regular arrangement in the form of a ring around the turbine axis TA and formed as an axial projection from a common gasket SR. In this advantageous embodiment, the turbine blades have the form of guide surfaces which, in the manner described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5 , exert an assisting effect on the torque acting on the turbine, in particular for starting the turbine. The turbine blades TS themselves are formed mirror-symmetrically with respect to a reflection plane passing through the turbine axis TA, so, due to the regular arrangement of the turbine blades, this mirror-symmetry also applies to the intermediate spaces ZR between successive turbine blades with respect to the plane of mirror symmetry , the mirror-image plane of symmetry passes through the intermediate space and contains the turbine axis TA. Such mirror symmetry is common for turbines of sprinkler drives that can be driven in both directions.
参考图5的放大部分，对根据图4的涡轮机叶片的有利实施例的特征进行更详细的解释，图5示出了在根据图2至图3的外壳中的图4所示类型的涡轮机。The features of an advantageous embodiment of the turbine blade according to FIG. 4 are explained in more detail with reference to the enlarged part of FIG. 5 , which shows a turbine of the type shown in FIG. 4 in a casing according to FIGS. 2 to 3 .
在从入口喷嘴AD出现时，从推进喷嘴AD出来的推进水流具有主流动方向ES，其在角度EW下相对于涡轮机回转圆的切向方向以折射角EW形成角度，其中，有利地，这种折射角不大于45°。由于水从入口喷嘴AD流出且进入两个相邻涡轮机叶片之间的中间空间，因此，水同时被迫从该中间空间ZR流出，并且经过导向面的端部边缘之间的间隙LU流入内部空间IR，其中导向面相对地关于涡轮机轴TA径向向内，并且界定中间空间ZR。有利地，来自入口喷嘴AD的水流作用于其上的导向面可凹入地远离中间空间ZR形成弯曲。在其相对于涡轮机轴线TA的向内端部处，来自入口喷嘴AD的推进水流作用于其上的导向面以排放角度AW相对于径向线形成锥形，所述径向线成角度地进入内部空间。在通过相邻涡轮机叶片之间的间隙LU从中间空间ZR出来时，从中间空间ZR被迫流出的水具有流动方向AS，该流动方向指向与入口喷嘴AD相关的涡轮机的转动方向DR相反的径向方向。因此，额外的力施加在涡轮机上（特别是在启动情形中施加在涡轮机上），并且增加了涡轮机的启动扭矩。有利地，排放角度AT至少为15°，特别地至少为25°。有利地，排放角度不大于50°。在涡轮机的转动方向DR的测量中，间隙LU的宽度LL有利地介于相邻间隙之间的距离LS的30%至200%之间，优选地介于该距离的50%至120%之间。On emerging from the inlet nozzle AD, the propulsion water flow coming out of the propulsion nozzle AD has a main flow direction ES which is angled at an angle EW with respect to the tangential direction of the turbine circle of revolution by a refraction angle EW, wherein, advantageously, such The refraction angle is not greater than 45°. As the water flows out of the inlet nozzle AD and into the intermediate space between two adjacent turbine blades, the water is simultaneously forced out of this intermediate space ZR and into the inner space through the gap LU between the end edges of the guide surfaces IR, wherein the guide surface is relatively radially inward with respect to the turbine axis TA and delimits an intermediate space ZR. Advantageously, the guide surface on which the water flow from the inlet nozzle AD acts can be curved concavely away from the intermediate space ZR. At its inward end with respect to the turbine axis TA, the guide surface on which the propelling water flow from the inlet nozzle AD acts is tapered at a discharge angle AW relative to a radial line which enters at an angle into interior space. On exiting the intermediate space ZR through the gap LU between the adjacent turbine blades, the water forced out of the intermediate space ZR has a flow direction AS which points to a radial direction opposite to the direction of rotation DR of the turbine associated with the inlet nozzle AD. direction. Consequently, additional forces are exerted on the turbine, especially in a start-up situation, and the start-up torque of the turbine is increased. Advantageously, the discharge angle AT is at least 15°, in particular at least 25°. Advantageously, the discharge angle is not greater than 50°. The width LL of the gaps LU, measured in the direction of rotation DR of the turbine, is advantageously between 30% and 200% of the distance LS between adjacent gaps, preferably between 50% and 120% of this distance .
可有利地可单独地或以各种组合实施上述和权利要求中的以及图中示出的具体特征。本发明不受所述示例性实施例的限制，并且在本领域的技术人员的能力范围内可以多种方式进行改进。The specific features described above and in the claims and shown in the figures can be advantageously implemented alone or in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described and can be modified in various ways within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2010/064108WO2012037979A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2010-09-24 | Sprinkler |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103118794A CN103118794A (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| CN103118794Btrue CN103118794B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080069217.8AActiveCN103118794B (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2010-09-24 | Water sprinkler |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2618939B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103118794B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2618939T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2527780C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012037979A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI882793B (en)* | 2024-05-08 | 2025-05-01 | 黄紫琳 | Controlled field sprinkler |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right | Owner name:HUSQVARNA AB Free format text:FORMER OWNER: GARDENA KRESS+KASTNER GMBH Effective date:20130717 | |
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| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | Effective date of registration:20130717 Address after:Swedish huskvarna Applicant after:Husqvarna AB Address before:Ulm Applicant before:Gardena Kress+kastner GmbH | |
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