技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种机械领域的铣床夹具，具体的说是一种铣曲轴键槽自动夹紧装置。The invention relates to a milling machine fixture in the mechanical field, in particular to an automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft keyways.
背景技术Background technique
在铣床上加工曲轴键槽时，通常是将曲轴的主轴颈支撑在V型块上，转动曲轴使曲轴的连杆颈靠在定位柱上，然后压紧曲轴。常用铣曲轴键槽夹紧装置有以下两种：一种是V型块和定位块直接固定在铣床的工作台上，用螺栓和压板压紧，这种压紧方式的不足之处是：压紧耗时长、操作者劳动强度大、压紧力大小不好控制、曲轴连杆颈在定位柱上的定位不可靠。另外一种结构是将V型块和定位块固定在夹具体上，用螺栓和压板压紧，或者使用气缸或液压缸自动压紧，这种压紧方式也有不足之处：V型块和定位块固定在夹具体上的位置相对固定，只能适应一种长度的曲轴，加工通用性差，同时也存在曲轴连杆颈在定位柱上的定位不可靠的问题。另外，由于中、大型曲轴较重，所以在将曲轴直接放到刚性的V型块上时，以上两种结构容易碰伤轴颈。When machining the crankshaft keyway on the milling machine, usually the main journal of the crankshaft is supported on the V-shaped block, and the crankshaft is rotated so that the connecting pin journal of the crankshaft leans against the positioning column, and then the crankshaft is pressed. There are two commonly used clamping devices for milling crankshaft keyways: one is that the V-shaped block and the positioning block are directly fixed on the worktable of the milling machine, and are pressed with bolts and pressure plates. The disadvantage of this pressing method is: It takes a long time, the labor intensity of the operator is high, the size of the pressing force is not easy to control, and the positioning of the crankshaft connecting rod neck on the positioning column is unreliable. Another structure is to fix the V-shaped block and the positioning block on the clamp body, and press it with bolts and pressure plates, or use an air cylinder or hydraulic cylinder to automatically compress it. This pressing method also has shortcomings: the V-shaped block and the positioning block The position that block is fixed on the fixture body is relatively fixed, can only be adapted to the crankshaft of a kind of length, and processing versatility is poor, also there is the problem that the location of crankshaft connecting rod neck on the locating post is unreliable simultaneously. In addition, because the medium and large crankshafts are heavy, when the crankshaft is directly placed on the rigid V-shaped block, the above two structures are easy to damage the journal.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单，使用方便，支撑、定位可以根据所需加工曲轴的长度进行调整，并且定位、压紧可靠，避免碰伤曲轴轴颈的铣曲轴键槽自动夹紧装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a simple structure, easy to use, support and positioning can be adjusted according to the length of the crankshaft to be processed, and the positioning and pressing are reliable, avoiding damage to the crankshaft shaft. Crankshaft keyway milling automatic clamping device for the neck.
本发明解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案是：一种铣曲轴键槽自动夹紧装置，其特征是：其设有底座，底座上安装有右压紧底板、左压紧底板和位于中间的预支撑底板，所述右压紧底板、左压紧底板和预支撑底板通过固定螺钉和T型槽螺母固定在底座的T型槽上，右压紧底板、左压紧底板上分别安装有一转角气缸和一支撑V型块，转角气缸上端相应地连接有右压紧臂、左压紧臂；所述左压紧底板上还安装有连杆颈限位块，左压紧臂上固定有连杆颈压紧块支臂；所述连杆颈压紧块支臂上安装有一连杆颈压紧块；所述预支撑底板上安装有预支撑气缸，在该汽缸上安装有由弹性材料制成的预支撑V型块。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: an automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft keyway, which is characterized in that: it is provided with a base, and a right compression base plate, a left compression base plate and a pre-support in the middle are installed on the base The base plate, the right compression base plate, the left compression base plate and the pre-support base plate are fixed on the T-shaped groove of the base through fixing screws and T-slot nuts, and a corner cylinder and a A supporting V-shaped block, the upper end of the corner cylinder is connected with a right compression arm and a left compression arm; the left compression bottom plate is also equipped with a connecting rod neck limit block, and a connecting rod neck is fixed on the left compression arm A compression block support arm; a connecting rod neck compression block is installed on the support arm of the connecting rod neck compression block; a pre-support cylinder is installed on the pre-support base plate, and a cylinder made of elastic material is installed on the cylinder Pre-supported V-blocks.
本发明所述底座上设有一凹槽，所述右压紧底板、左压紧底板呈长方形板状结构，右压紧底板和左压紧底板的长度与该凹槽的宽度相同，右压紧底板、左压紧底板安装在该凹槽中。The base of the present invention is provided with a groove, the right compression bottom plate and the left compression bottom plate are rectangular plate-shaped structures, the lengths of the right compression bottom plate and the left compression bottom plate are the same as the width of the groove, and the right compression bottom plate Bottom plate, left pressing bottom plate are installed in this groove.
本发明所述底座的凹槽内还设有三条纵向T型槽。Three longitudinal T-shaped grooves are also arranged in the groove of the base according to the present invention.
本发明所述右压紧臂、左压紧臂呈长方形结构，在其一端上有一方孔，通过固定螺母固定在转角气缸上。The right pressing arm and the left pressing arm of the present invention are in a rectangular structure, and a square hole is arranged on one end thereof, and are fixed on the corner cylinder by a fixing nut.
本发明所述连杆颈压紧块支臂呈直角状，其中的一个边上有一圆孔，圆孔内安装有连杆颈压紧块，另一个边的侧面有长方形孔，通过固定螺钉与长方形孔配合固定在左压紧臂上。固定在左压紧臂上的连杆颈压紧块支臂，可以在左压紧臂上调整前后位置，使连杆颈压紧块对准曲轴连杆颈。The arm of the connecting rod neck pressing block of the present invention is in the shape of a right angle, and one side thereof has a round hole, and a connecting rod neck pressing block is installed in the round hole, and the side of the other side has a rectangular hole. The rectangular hole fits and is fixed on the left pressing arm. The connecting pin neck pressing block support arm fixed on the left pressing arm can adjust the front and rear positions on the left pressing arm, so that the connecting pin neck pressing block is aligned with the crankshaft pin neck.
本发明所述连杆颈压紧块呈阶梯轴状，其上部设有螺纹，中间套有弹簧，上部穿过连杆颈压紧块支臂上的圆孔，由固定螺母和开口销固定，中间的弹簧处于预压紧状态。固定在连杆颈压紧块支臂上的连杆颈压紧块，通过弹簧的伸缩可以上下滑动。The connecting rod neck pressing block of the present invention is in the shape of a stepped shaft, the upper part of which is provided with threads, and the middle is covered with a spring, and the upper part passes through the round hole on the arm of the connecting rod neck pressing block, and is fixed by a fixing nut and a cotter pin. The middle spring is preloaded. The connecting pin neck pressing block fixed on the support arm of the connecting pin neck pressing block can slide up and down through the expansion and contraction of the spring.
本发明所述预支撑气缸位于底座下部空间中。The pre-support cylinder of the present invention is located in the lower space of the base.
本发明装夹曲轴时，首先将曲轴吊装在由弹性材料制成的预支撑V型块上，然后向预支撑气缸中通入压缩空气，在预支撑气缸带动下，曲轴随同预支撑V型块，缓慢向下移动直至曲轴主轴颈落在支撑V型块上。向转角气缸通入压缩空气，右压紧臂、左压紧臂及固定在左压紧臂上的连杆颈压紧块支臂、连杆颈压紧块等向下运动。在运动的过程中，连杆颈压紧块首先接触到曲轴的连杆颈，并推动连杆颈绕曲轴的中心转动，直至连杆颈的下方接触到连杆颈限位块，曲轴及连杆颈压紧块停止运动，曲轴完成定位。在曲轴完成定位的过程中，右压紧臂、左压紧臂及连杆颈压紧块支臂继续向下运动，套装在连杆颈压紧块上的弹簧被压缩，直至右压紧臂、左压紧臂压紧支撑在V型块上的主轴颈为止。对照现有技术，本发明结构简单，使用方便，支撑、定位可以根据所需加工曲轴的长度进行调整，并且定位、压紧可靠，能有效避免碰伤曲轴轴颈，是一种理想的铣曲轴键槽自动夹紧装置。When the crankshaft is clamped in the present invention, the crankshaft is first hoisted on the pre-supported V-shaped block made of elastic material, and then compressed air is introduced into the pre-supported cylinder, driven by the pre-supported cylinder, the crankshaft is accompanied by the pre-supported V-shaped block , slowly move down until the crankshaft main journal rests on the supporting V-block. The compressed air is fed into the corner cylinder, and the right pressing arm, the left pressing arm and the connecting pin neck pressing block support arm and connecting pin neck pressing block etc. fixed on the left pressing arm move downward. In the process of movement, the connecting rod neck pressing block first touches the connecting rod neck of the crankshaft, and pushes the connecting rod neck to rotate around the center of the crankshaft until the lower part of the connecting rod neck touches the connecting rod neck limit block, and the crankshaft and connecting rod The hosel press block stops moving, and the crankshaft is positioned. When the crankshaft is positioned, the right compression arm, the left compression arm and the support arm of the connecting pin neck compression block continue to move downward, and the spring set on the connecting pin neck compression block is compressed until the right compression arm , The left pressing arm presses the main journal supported on the V-shaped block until it is pressed. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to use, the support and positioning can be adjusted according to the length of the crankshaft to be processed, and the positioning and pressing are reliable, and can effectively avoid damage to the crankshaft journal. It is an ideal milling crankshaft Keyway automatic clamping device.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明组成结构的主视图。Fig. 1 is a front view of the composition structure of the present invention.
图2是本发明的俯视图。Figure 2 is a top view of the present invention.
图3是图1中曲轴主轴颈被压紧后的右侧视图。Fig. 3 is a right side view of the crankshaft main journal in Fig. 1 after being compressed.
图4是图1中曲轴连杆颈被压紧后的B-B剖视图。Fig. 4 is a B-B cross-sectional view of the crankshaft pin in Fig. 1 after being compressed.
图5是本发明工件放置在预支撑V型块上，尚未压紧的侧面视图。Fig. 5 is a side view of the workpiece of the present invention placed on the pre-supported V-shaped block and not yet compressed.
图6是图1中工件放置在预支撑V型块上，尚未下落时的A-A剖视图。Fig. 6 is an A-A sectional view when the workpiece in Fig. 1 is placed on the pre-supported V-shaped block and has not yet fallen.
图7是图4中I部的放大视图。Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of part I in Fig. 4 .
图中的标号是：1.底座、2.右压紧底板、3.转角气缸、4.右压紧臂、5.固定螺母、6.预支撑底板、7.预支撑气缸、8.预支撑V型块、9.弹簧、10.固定螺母、11.开口销、12.连杆颈压紧块、13.连杆颈压紧块支臂、14.连杆颈限位块、15.左压紧臂、16.左压紧底板、17.固定螺钉、18.支撑V型块、19.T型槽螺母、20.曲轴。The labels in the figure are: 1. Base, 2. Right compression base plate, 3. Corner cylinder, 4. Right compression arm, 5. Fixing nut, 6. Pre-support base plate, 7. Pre-support cylinder, 8. Pre-support V-shaped block, 9. Spring, 10. Fixed nut, 11. Cotter pin, 12. Connecting rod neck pressing block, 13. Connecting rod neck pressing block support arm, 14. Connecting rod neck limiting block, 15. Left Compression arm, 16. left compression bottom plate, 17. fixing screw, 18. supporting V-shaped block, 19. T-slot nut, 20. crankshaft.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述和说明。The present invention will be described and illustrated in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
从图1、图2中可以看出，一种铣曲轴键槽自动夹紧装置，其设有底座1，底座上安装有右压紧底板2、左压紧底板16和位于中间的两个预支撑底板6。It can be seen from Figures 1 and 2 that an automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft keyways is provided with a base 1 on which a right compression base plate 2, a left compression base plate 16 and two pre-supports in the middle are installed. Bottom plate6.
本发明所述底座1上设有一凹槽，所述右压紧底板2、左压紧底板16呈长方形板状结构，右压紧底板2和左压紧底板16的长度与底座1上的凹槽的宽度相同，右压紧底板2、左压紧底板16安装在该凹槽中。所述底座的凹槽内设有三条纵向T型槽。所述右压紧底板2、左压紧底板16分别通过固定螺钉17和T型槽螺母19固定在底座的T型槽上，如图2、图4所示。松开固定螺钉17，右压紧底板2、左压紧底板16可以在底座1的凹槽内沿T型槽移动，以适应不同长度的曲轴加工。The base 1 of the present invention is provided with a groove, and the right compression base plate 2 and the left compression base plate 16 are rectangular plate-shaped structures, and the lengths of the right compression base plate 2 and the left compression base plate 16 are the same as the concave grooves on the base 1. The width of the groove is the same, and the right pressing base plate 2 and the left pressing base plate 16 are installed in the groove. Three longitudinal T-shaped grooves are arranged in the groove of the base. The right compression base plate 2 and the left compression base plate 16 are respectively fixed on the T-shaped groove of the base by fixing screws 17 and T-shaped slot nuts 19, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 . Loosen the fixing screw 17, the right compression base plate 2 and the left compression base plate 16 can move along the T-shaped groove in the groove of the base 1, so as to adapt to crankshaft processing of different lengths.
本发明所述右压紧底板2、左压紧底板16上分别安装有一转角气缸3和一支撑V型块18。左、右支撑V型块18位于曲轴20主轴颈的下方，用来支撑曲轴。转角气缸3上端相应地连接有右压紧臂4、左压紧臂15。所述右压紧臂4、左压紧臂15呈长方形结构，在其一端上有一方孔，通过固定螺母5固定在转角气缸3上。A corner cylinder 3 and a supporting V-shaped block 18 are respectively installed on the right pressing base plate 2 and the left pressing base plate 16 of the present invention. The left and right support V-shaped blocks 18 are located below the main journal of the crankshaft 20 and are used to support the crankshaft. The upper end of the angle cylinder 3 is correspondingly connected with a right pressing arm 4 and a left pressing arm 15 . Described right pressing arm 4, left pressing arm 15 are rectangular structure, have a square hole on one end thereof, are fixed on the angle cylinder 3 by fixing nut 5.
本发明所述左压紧底板16上还安装有连杆颈限位块14，连杆颈限位块14位于曲轴20连杆颈的下方，用来限制支撑在支撑V型块18上的曲轴的转动角度。The pin neck limiting block 14 is also installed on the left pressing bottom plate 16 of the present invention, and the connecting pin pin limiting block 14 is located below the crankshaft 20 connecting pin, and is used to limit the crankshaft supported on the supporting V-shaped block 18. of rotation angle.
本发明左压紧臂15上固定有连杆颈压紧块支臂13；所述连杆颈压紧块支臂13上安装有一连杆颈压紧块12。所述连杆颈压紧块支臂13呈直角状，其中的一个边上有一圆孔，圆孔内安装有连杆颈压紧块12，另一个边的侧面有长方形孔，通过固定螺钉17与长方形孔配合固定在左压紧臂15上。固定在左压紧臂15上的连杆颈压紧块支臂13，可以在左压紧臂15上调整前后位置，使连杆颈压紧块12对准曲轴20连杆颈。A connecting pin neck pressing block support arm 13 is fixed on the left pressing arm 15 of the present invention; a connecting pin neck pressing block support arm 13 is mounted with a connecting pin neck pressing block 12 . The connecting pin neck pressing block support arm 13 is in the shape of a right angle, and there is a round hole on one of the sides, and the connecting pin neck pressing block 12 is installed in the round hole, and the side of the other side has a rectangular hole, through which the fixing screw 17 Cooperate with the rectangular hole and be fixed on the left pressing arm 15. The connecting pin neck pressing block support arm 13 fixed on the left pressing arm 15 can adjust the front and rear positions on the left pressing arm 15, so that the connecting pin neck pressing block 12 is aligned with the crankshaft 20 connecting pins.
本发明所述连杆颈压紧块12呈阶梯轴状，其上部设有螺纹，也就是在较细的一端的末端有螺纹，中间套有弹簧9，上部穿过连杆颈压紧块支臂13上的圆孔，由固定螺母10和开口销11固定，中间的弹簧9处于预压紧状态。固定在连杆颈压紧块支臂13上的连杆颈压紧块12，通过弹簧9的伸缩可以上下滑动，压紧曲轴的连杆轴颈。。如图4、图7所示。The connecting rod neck pressing block 12 of the present invention is in the shape of a stepped shaft, and its upper part is provided with threads, that is, there are threads at the end of the thinner end, and a spring 9 is sleeved in the middle, and the upper part passes through the connecting rod neck pressing block for support. The circular hole on the arm 13 is fixed by a fixed nut 10 and a cotter pin 11, and the spring 9 in the middle is in a pre-compressed state. The connecting rod neck pressing block 12 fixed on the connecting rod neck pressing block support arm 13 can slide up and down by the expansion and contraction of the spring 9, and compresses the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft. . As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 7.
本发明所述预支撑底板6通过固定螺钉17和T型槽螺母19固定在底座的T型槽上，如图2、图6所示。所述预支撑底板6也呈长方形板状结构，在预支撑底板6上安装有预支撑气缸7，在该汽缸上安装有由弹性材料制成的可以防止碰伤曲轴轴颈的预支撑V型块8。所述预支撑气缸7位于底座1下部空间中。如图6所示。松开固定螺钉17，预支撑底板6可以在底座1的凹槽内沿T型槽移动，以适应不同长度的曲轴加工。The pre-support base plate 6 of the present invention is fixed on the T-shaped groove of the base through fixing screws 17 and T-shaped groove nuts 19, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 6 . The pre-support base plate 6 is also in the shape of a rectangular plate, and a pre-support cylinder 7 is installed on the pre-support base plate 6. A pre-support V-shaped cylinder made of elastic material that can prevent the crankshaft journal from being damaged is installed on the cylinder. Block 8. The pre-support cylinder 7 is located in the lower space of the base 1 . As shown in Figure 6. Loosen the fixing screw 17, the pre-support base plate 6 can move along the T-shaped groove in the groove of the base 1, so as to adapt to the processing of crankshafts of different lengths.
本发明工作过程是：该夹紧装置装夹曲轴之前处于非夹紧状态，右压紧臂4、左压紧臂15及连杆颈压紧块12在转角气缸3的作用下，向上抬起并转向侧面，如图5所示。预支撑V型块8在预支撑气缸7作用下向上抬起并高于支撑V型块18。装夹曲轴时，首先将曲轴20吊装在由弹性材料制成的预支撑V型块8上，然后向预支撑气缸7中通入压缩空气，曲轴随同预支撑V型块8，在预支撑气缸7带动下，缓慢向下移动直至曲轴主轴颈落在支撑V型块18上，如图6所示。在向预支撑气缸7中通入压缩空气的同时，向转角气缸3通入压缩空气，右压紧臂4、左压紧臂15及固定在左压紧臂15上的连杆颈压紧块支臂13、连杆颈压紧块12等向下运动。在运动的过程中，连杆颈压紧块12首先接触到曲轴的连杆颈，并推动连杆颈绕曲轴的中心转动，直至连杆颈的下方接触到连杆颈限位块14，曲轴及连杆颈压紧块12停止运动，曲轴完成定位，如图3、图4所示。在曲轴完成定位的过程中，右压紧臂4、左压紧臂15及连杆颈压紧块支臂13继续向下运动，套装在连杆颈压紧块12上的弹簧9被压缩，直至右压紧臂4、左压紧臂15压紧支撑在V型块18上的主轴颈为止，如图3、图4所示。The working process of the present invention is: the clamping device is in a non-clamping state before the crankshaft is clamped, and the right clamping arm 4, the left clamping arm 15 and the connecting rod neck clamping block 12 are lifted up under the action of the corner cylinder 3 And turned sideways, as shown in Figure 5. The pre-supporting V-shaped block 8 is lifted up under the action of the pre-supporting cylinder 7 and is higher than the supporting V-shaped block 18 . When clamping the crankshaft, the crankshaft 20 is first hoisted on the pre-supported V-shaped block 8 made of elastic material, and then compressed air is passed into the pre-supported cylinder 7, and the crankshaft, together with the pre-supported V-shaped block 8, is placed on the pre-supported cylinder. Driven by 7, slowly move down until the main journal of the crankshaft falls on the supporting V-shaped block 18, as shown in Figure 6. When the compressed air is passed into the pre-support cylinder 7, the compressed air is passed into the corner cylinder 3, and the right pressing arm 4, the left pressing arm 15 and the connecting rod neck pressing block fixed on the left pressing arm 15 The support arm 13, the connecting pin neck pressing block 12, etc. move downward. During the movement, the pin pin pressing block 12 first touches the pin pin of the crankshaft, and pushes the pin pin to rotate around the center of the crankshaft until the pin pin stopper 14 is touched under the pin pin, and the crankshaft And the connecting rod neck compression block 12 stops moving, and the crankshaft completes the positioning, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 . When the crankshaft is positioned, the right pressing arm 4, the left pressing arm 15 and the connecting pin neck pressing block support arm 13 continue to move downward, and the spring 9 set on the connecting pin neck pressing block 12 is compressed. Until the right pressing arm 4 and the left pressing arm 15 press the main journal supported on the V-shaped block 18, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 .
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310074297.1ACN103111884B (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2013-03-08 | Automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft key groove |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310074297.1ACN103111884B (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2013-03-08 | Automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft key groove |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103111884A CN103111884A (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| CN103111884Btrue CN103111884B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310074297.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN103111884B (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2013-03-08 | Automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft key groove |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103111884B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0763177A1 (en)* | 1994-06-03 | 1997-03-19 | Otmar Fahrion | Holder for workpieces with a non-ideal rigidity |
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| CN201685112U (en)* | 2010-05-11 | 2010-12-29 | 林素伟 | Drilling fixture for crankshaft straight oil holes |
| CN101966662A (en)* | 2010-07-30 | 2011-02-09 | 天润曲轴股份有限公司 | Polyhedron-milling dividing device |
| CN202219409U (en)* | 2011-09-08 | 2012-05-16 | 杭州杭机数控机床有限公司 | flexible rapid clamp device |
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| CN203109644U (en)* | 2013-03-08 | 2013-08-07 | 天润曲轴股份有限公司 | Automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft key groove |
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN103111884A (en) | 2013-05-22 |
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| CN103111884B (en) | Automatic clamping device for milling crankshaft key groove | |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20150513 Termination date:20160308 |