技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种测试瓦斯压力的装备和方法,尤其是适用于现场测压管内有水条件下确定瓦斯压力的富含水煤系地层瓦斯压力测试装备及方法。The invention relates to a device and method for testing gas pressure, in particular to the gas pressure testing device and method for water-rich coal-measure formations, which are suitable for determining the gas pressure under the condition of water in the piezometric pipe on site.
背景技术Background technique
我国煤矿的开采条件差,开采过程中受到瓦斯、水、火、粉尘、地压及热害的影响,其中瓦斯是我国煤矿的第一杀手。现阶段,煤矿瓦斯灾害又以煤与瓦斯突出危害性最大,而煤与瓦斯突出的防治难度也是世界公认的。煤矿瓦斯灾害均是由于煤层本身瓦斯压力较大,瓦斯含量较高所造成。为有效防治煤层瓦斯,需弄清煤层瓦斯赋存情况,而煤层瓦斯压力是预测煤层突出危险性的主要参数之一,现场准确测定煤层瓦斯压力尤为重要。The mining conditions of my country's coal mines are poor, and the mining process is affected by gas, water, fire, dust, ground pressure and heat damage, among which gas is the number one killer of my country's coal mines. At present, coal and gas outbursts are the most harmful of coal mine gas disasters, and the difficulty of preventing and controlling coal and gas outbursts is recognized worldwide. Coal mine gas disasters are all caused by the high gas pressure and high gas content of the coal seam itself. In order to effectively prevent coal seam gas, it is necessary to clarify the occurrence of coal seam gas, and coal seam gas pressure is one of the main parameters to predict the risk of coal seam outburst, and it is particularly important to accurately measure coal seam gas pressure on site.
煤层瓦斯压力测定方法是由岩巷或煤巷向预定测量瓦斯压力的地点施工钻孔,封孔后形成测压室,用测压管沟通测压室和压力表,从而测出煤层中的瓦斯压力。如果测定中能保证钻孔封孔严密不漏气,则压力测量结果较为准确,我国常用的测定瓦斯压力的封孔方法按其工艺可以分为5种:①黄泥封孔;②普通水泥浆封孔;③胶圈-粘液封孔;④胶囊-粘液封孔;⑤聚氨酯泡沫封孔。其中方法一、二、五的主要原理是利用固体(或液体凝固)物来充填测压管和钻孔壁之间的空间,以阻止煤层瓦斯的泄漏;而方法三和四是指在封闭段的两端固体物之间,注入粘液,粘液的压力高于预计的瓦斯压力,并渗入孔壁与固体物之间的空间,以阻止煤层瓦斯的泄漏。The coal seam gas pressure measurement method is to drill a hole from the rock roadway or coal roadway to the place where the gas pressure is expected to be measured, and form a pressure measurement chamber after sealing the hole, and use a pressure measurement tube to connect the pressure measurement chamber and the pressure gauge, thereby measuring the gas in the coal seam pressure. If the measurement can ensure that the hole sealing is tight and air-tight, the pressure measurement result will be more accurate. The sealing methods commonly used in my country to measure gas pressure can be divided into five types according to their processes: ① Yellow mud sealing; ② Ordinary cement slurry Sealing; ③Apron-mucus sealing; ④Capsule-mucus sealing; ⑤Polyurethane foam sealing. Among them, the main principle of methods 1, 2 and 5 is to use solid (or liquid solidification) to fill the space between the piezometric tube and the borehole wall to prevent the leakage of coal seam gas; while methods 3 and 4 refer to Mucus is injected between the two ends of the solid, the pressure of the mucus is higher than the estimated gas pressure, and it penetrates into the space between the hole wall and the solid to prevent the leakage of coal seam gas.
我国矿井多数煤系地层有含水层,受水的影响,瓦斯压力测定成功率大大降低。水主要来源于煤层及围岩,尤其是煤层围岩中的砂岩水,水压相对较高,导致钻孔测压气室进水,测定出来的压力并非煤层原始瓦斯压力。针对煤系地层富含水条件下煤层瓦斯压力测定,目前国内主要采用高压注浆堵水方法来解决,但受注浆工艺因素的影响,无法完全将水堵住,特别是煤层本身含水条件下,煤层瓦斯压力测定尤为困难。在测压钻孔封孔成功后,测压室内进水的情况下,如果判定煤层瓦斯压力测试失败,则会造成严重的工程浪费,且一遇到测压钻孔含水的条件就无法判定煤层的瓦斯压力,给煤与瓦斯突出危险性的预测带来困难。Most of the coal-measure formations in mines in my country have aquifers, and the success rate of gas pressure measurement is greatly reduced due to the influence of water. The water mainly comes from the coal seam and surrounding rock, especially the sandstone water in the surrounding rock of the coal seam. The water pressure is relatively high, which causes water to enter the borehole pressure measurement chamber. The measured pressure is not the original gas pressure of the coal seam. For the measurement of coal seam gas pressure under the condition of rich water in coal-measure strata, high-pressure grouting water blocking method is mainly used in China at present, but due to the influence of grouting process factors, the water cannot be completely blocked, especially under the condition of water content in the coal seam itself , coal seam gas pressure measurement is particularly difficult. After the piezometric borehole is successfully sealed and water enters the piezometer chamber, if it is judged that the gas pressure test of the coal seam fails, it will cause serious engineering waste, and it will not be possible to judge the coal seam when the piezometric borehole contains water The gas pressure brings difficulties to the prediction of coal and gas outburst risks.
瓦斯是微溶于水的,瓦斯在水中的溶解度受温度、压力、水质等因素的影响。一般情况下,井下水中富含矿物质,不同水质相同条件下对瓦斯的溶解度不同;受地温影响,不同矿井或同一矿井不同埋深,煤系地层的水温不同,在不同瓦斯压力下,钻孔内水对瓦斯的溶解度存在差异。因此,在遇到测压钻孔内含水情况,可通过测定现场环境下水对瓦斯的溶解度,结合实验室测试不同瓦斯压力下现场水样对瓦斯溶解度的测试结果,反推煤层瓦斯压力,为测定富含水煤系地层瓦斯压力提供一种新的方法。Gas is slightly soluble in water, and the solubility of gas in water is affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, and water quality. Under normal circumstances, underground water is rich in minerals, and the gas solubility is different under the same conditions of different water quality; affected by ground temperature, different mines or the same mine have different buried depths, and the water temperature of coal-measure strata is different. Under different gas pressures, drilling There are differences in the solubility of internal water to gas. Therefore, in case of water content in the piezometer borehole, the gas pressure of the coal seam can be reversed by measuring the solubility of water to gas in the field environment, combined with the test results of the gas solubility of field water samples under different gas pressures in the laboratory, as A new method is provided to measure the gas pressure of water-rich coal-measure formations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决富含水煤系地层中的测压钻孔内有水时无法确定煤层瓦斯压力的问题,本发明提供一种富含水煤系地层瓦斯压力测试装备及方法,该测试装备及方法采用不同条件下瓦斯在水中溶解度的差异,通过现场测试与实验室测试反推煤层瓦斯压力,为富含水煤系地层中煤层瓦斯压力测定提供一种新途径,另外,该测试方法操作简便,节省了测试成本,并且在测压钻孔封孔成功后测压室内进水的情况下,仍然能够切实可行测试煤层瓦斯压力,为煤矿瓦斯测试人员带来了很大的便利。In order to solve the problem that the coal seam gas pressure cannot be determined when there is water in the pressure measuring borehole in the water-rich coal-measure formation, the present invention provides a gas pressure testing equipment and method for the water-rich coal-measure formation. The difference of gas solubility in water under different conditions, and the inverse calculation of coal seam gas pressure through field tests and laboratory tests provide a new way for the measurement of coal seam gas pressure in water-rich coal-measure strata. In addition, this test method is easy to operate and saves The test cost is reduced, and in the case of water in the pressure test chamber after the pressure test drilling is successfully sealed, it is still feasible to test the coal seam gas pressure, which brings great convenience to the coal mine gas testers.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:该测试装备及方法所用的测试装置包括胶皮球、排气阀、脱吸罐、金属网、压力表Ⅰ、针型阀、压力表Ⅱ、阀门Ⅰ、乳胶膜、温度计、液位标尺;所述脱吸罐的底部竖直设有液位标尺及温度计,脱吸罐的上部侧面通过排气阀连接有胶皮球,脱吸罐的侧面上部并连通有压力表Ⅰ,所述乳胶膜的边沿固定在脱吸罐的上部边沿,脱吸罐的上部罐盖上开有与外界相连的通孔,通孔中分布有金属网,脱吸罐的下部侧面通过阀门Ⅰ与针型阀的侧面相连,针型阀入口通过导管与测压管相连通,针型阀与导管的连接处设有压力表Ⅱ。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the testing device used in the testing equipment and method includes a rubber ball, an exhaust valve, a suction tank, a metal mesh, a pressure gauge I, a needle valve, a pressure gauge II, a valve 1. Latex film, thermometer, liquid level gauge; the bottom of the desuction tank is vertically provided with a liquid level gauge and a thermometer, and the upper side of the desuction tank is connected with a rubber ball through an exhaust valve, and the upper side of the desuction tank is connected Connected with a pressure gauge I, the edge of the latex film is fixed on the upper edge of the desuction tank, and the upper tank cover of the desuction tank has a through hole connected with the outside world, and a metal mesh is distributed in the through hole, and the desuction tank The side of the lower part is connected to the side of the needle valve through valve I, the inlet of the needle valve is connected to the pressure measuring tube through a conduit, and a pressure gauge II is installed at the connection between the needle valve and the conduit.
该测试方法包括现场测试和实验室测试两部分,其具体步骤如下:The test method includes two parts: on-site test and laboratory test, and the specific steps are as follows:
1.当瓦斯压力测试钻孔封孔成功且压力表Ⅱ数值稳定后,打开压力表针型阀发现测压孔内有水,立刻关闭针形阀,则压力表Ⅱ数值很快恢复至原始数值,判定该地点水压较高;1. When the gas pressure test is successfully drilled and sealed and the value of the pressure gauge II is stable, open the needle valve of the pressure gauge and find that there is water in the pressure measuring hole. Close the needle valve immediately, and the value of the pressure gauge II will quickly return to the original value. It is determined that the water pressure at this location is high;
2.将脱吸罐与压力表针型阀连接,脱吸罐内乳胶膜将脱吸罐分隔为上下两个空间,采用胶皮球抽空脱吸罐下部空间气体,关闭脱吸罐与胶皮球之间的排气阀,打开压力表针形阀,则测压管内水进入脱吸罐;2. Connect the desuction tank with the needle valve of the pressure gauge. The latex film in the desuction tank separates the desuction tank into upper and lower spaces. Use a rubber ball to evacuate the gas in the lower space of the desuction tank, and close the space between the desuction tank and the rubber ball. When the exhaust valve of the pressure gauge is opened, the water in the pressure measuring tube enters the desuction tank;
3.测压管内水进入脱吸罐过程中,乳胶膜向上膨胀,脱吸罐上部空间的气体通过上部气孔排出,当脱吸罐上压力表Ⅰ出现升高现象时,立即关闭脱吸罐与压力表针型阀之间的阀门Ⅰ,并记录此时的水温T1;3. When the water in the pressure measuring tube enters the desuction tank, the latex film expands upwards, and the gas in the upper space of the desuction tank is discharged through the upper air hole. When the pressure gauge Ⅰ on the desuction tank rises, immediately close the desuction tank and Valve I between the needle valves of the pressure gauge, and record the water temperature T1 at this time;
4.过一段时间,待脱吸罐内气体解吸平衡后,将脱吸罐放平,记录脱吸罐内液面高度及上部气体高度,同时记录该时刻水温T2,计算水中瓦斯溶解度,则完成现场测试步骤,采集水样送实验室进行测试;4. After a period of time, after the desorption of gas in the desorption tank is balanced, put the desorption tank flat, record the liquid level in the desorption tank and the height of the upper gas, and record the water temperature T2 at the same time, calculate the gas solubility in the water, and then complete On-site test steps, collect water samples and send them to the laboratory for testing;
5.将现场采集水样注入实验室溶解平衡罐中,将平衡罐放入恒温水浴Ⅱ中,恒温水浴Ⅱ水温设置为T1,平衡罐与甲烷钢瓶通过稳压阀连接,开启甲烷钢瓶及稳压阀,向平衡罐内注入甲烷并稳定在设定压力值P,开启恒温水浴Ⅱ与搅拌机,进行溶解瓦斯平衡实验;5. Inject the water sample collected on site into the laboratory dissolution balance tank, put the balance tank into the constant temperature water bath II, set the water temperature of the constant temperature water bath II to T1, connect the balance tank and the methane cylinder through the pressure stabilizing valve, open the methane cylinder and the pressure stabilizing valve, Inject methane into the balance tank and stabilize it at the set pressure value P, turn on the constant temperature water bath II and the mixer, and conduct the dissolved gas balance experiment;
6.待溶解平衡后,关闭搅拌机,将现场测试所用的脱吸罐放置另外一个恒温水浴Ⅰ中,水温设置为T2,将脱吸罐与平衡罐连接,打开阀门Ⅱ,则平衡罐内瓦斯溶解饱和水溶液进入脱吸罐中,进行步骤3与步骤4的操作,则可得出甲烷压力为P时,现场水样对瓦斯的溶解度,改变注入平衡罐中的甲烷气体压力,重复上述操作,则可得出不同甲烷气体压力P条件下,现场水样对甲烷的溶解度;6. After the dissolution balance, turn off the mixer, put the desorption tank used in the field test in another constant temperature water bath Ⅰ, set the water temperature to T2, connect the desorption tank to the balance tank, open the valve Ⅱ, and the gas in the balance tank will dissolve Enter the saturated aqueous solution into the desorption tank, carry out the operation of step 3 and step 4, then the solubility of the on-site water sample to gas can be obtained when the methane pressure is P, change the pressure of the methane gas injected into the balance tank, and repeat the above operations, then Under different methane gas pressure P conditions, the solubility of on-site water samples to methane can be obtained;
7.根据实验室所测现场水样对瓦斯的溶解度,找出现场测试水对瓦斯溶解度值所对应的平衡甲烷气体压力,即为该测压钻孔实测的煤层瓦斯压力。7. According to the gas solubility of the field water samples measured in the laboratory, find out the equilibrium methane gas pressure corresponding to the gas solubility value of the field test water, which is the coal seam gas pressure actually measured by the piezometric drilling.
本发明的有益效果是,该测试装备及方法采用不同条件下瓦斯在水中溶解度的差异,通过现场测试与实验室测试反推煤层瓦斯压力,为富含水煤系地层中煤层瓦斯压力测定提供一种新途径,另外,该测试方法操作简便,节省了测试成本,并且在测压钻孔封孔成功后测压室内进水的情况下,仍然能够切实可行测试煤层瓦斯压力,为煤矿瓦斯测试人员带来了很大的便利。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the test equipment and method adopt the difference of gas solubility in water under different conditions, reverse the coal seam gas pressure through on-site testing and laboratory testing, and provide a method for measuring coal seam gas pressure in water-rich coal measure strata. In addition, this test method is easy to operate, saves the test cost, and it is still feasible to test the coal seam gas pressure under the condition of water in the pressure test chamber after the pressure test drilling is successfully sealed. Bring great convenience.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
图1是本发明所用测试装置的安装位置示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the test device used in the present invention.
图2是本发明所用测试装置的结构原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of the test device used in the present invention.
图3是本发明所用测试装置沿Ⅰ-Ⅰ剖面图。Fig. 3 is a sectional view along I-I of the test device used in the present invention.
图4是本发明实验室所用测试装置示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the testing device used in the laboratory of the present invention.
图中,1.水,2.瓦斯气室,3.钻孔,4.含水煤体,5.煤层,6.含水层,7.测压管,8.水泥浆,9.回浆管,10.注浆管,11.钻场,12.胶皮球,13.排气阀,14.脱吸罐,15.金属网,16.压力表Ⅰ,17.针型阀,18.压力表Ⅱ,19.阀门Ⅰ,20.乳胶膜,21.温度计,22.液位标尺,23.密封,24.恒温水浴Ⅰ,25.恒温水浴Ⅱ,26.平衡罐,27.搅拌机,28.稳压阀,29.甲烷钢瓶,30.阀门Ⅱ。In the figure, 1. Water, 2. Gas chamber, 3. Borehole, 4. Water-bearing coal body, 5. Coal seam, 6. Aquifer, 7. Piezometric tube, 8. Cement slurry, 9. Slurry return tube, 10. Grouting pipe, 11. Drilling site, 12. Rubber ball, 13. Exhaust valve, 14. Desuction tank, 15. Metal mesh, 16. Pressure gauge Ⅰ, 17. Needle valve, 18. Pressure gauge Ⅱ , 19. Valve Ⅰ, 20. Latex film, 21. Thermometer, 22. Liquid level gauge, 23. Seal, 24. Constant temperature water bath Ⅰ, 25. Constant temperature water bath Ⅱ, 26. Balance tank, 27. Mixer, 28. Regulator Valve, 29. Methane cylinder, 30. Valve II.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在图中,该测试装备及方法所用的测试装置包括胶皮球12、排气阀13、脱吸罐14、金属网15、压力表Ⅰ16、针型阀17、压力表Ⅱ18、阀门Ⅰ19、乳胶膜20、温度计21、液位标尺22;所述脱吸罐14的底部竖直设有液位标尺22及温度计21,脱吸罐14的上部侧面通过排气阀13连接有胶皮球12,脱吸罐14的侧面上部并连通有压力表Ⅰ16,所述乳胶膜20的边沿固定在脱吸罐14的上部边沿,脱吸罐14的上部罐盖上开有与外界相连的通孔,通孔中分布有金属网15,脱吸罐14的下部侧面通过阀门Ⅰ19与针型阀17的侧面相连,针型阀17入口通过导管与测压管7相连通,针型阀17与导管的连接处设有压力表Ⅱ18。In the figure, the test device used in the test equipment and method includes rubber ball 12, exhaust valve 13, desuction tank 14, metal mesh 15, pressure gauge I16, needle valve 17, pressure gauge II18, valve I19, latex membrane 20, thermometer 21, liquid level scale 22; The bottom of described desuction tank 14 is vertically provided with liquid level scale 22 and thermometer 21, and the upper side of desuction tank 14 is connected with rubber ball 12 by exhaust valve 13, desuction The upper side of the tank 14 is connected with a pressure gauge I16. The edge of the latex film 20 is fixed on the upper edge of the desuction tank 14, and the upper tank cover of the desuction tank 14 is provided with a through hole connected with the outside world. Metal mesh 15 is distributed, the lower side of the desuction tank 14 is connected to the side of the needle valve 17 through the valve I19, the inlet of the needle valve 17 is connected to the pressure measuring tube 7 through the conduit, and the connection between the needle valve 17 and the conduit is set There is a pressure gauge II18.
该测试方法包括现场测试和实验室测试两部分,其具体步骤如下:The test method includes two parts: on-site test and laboratory test, and the specific steps are as follows:
1.当瓦斯压力测试钻孔封孔成功且压力表Ⅱ18数值稳定后,打开压力表针型阀17发现测压孔内有水,立刻关闭针形阀,则压力表Ⅱ18数值很快恢复至原始数值,判定该地点水压较高;1. When the gas pressure test is successfully drilled and sealed and the value of the pressure gauge Ⅱ18 is stable, open the needle valve 17 of the pressure gauge and find that there is water in the pressure measuring hole, then close the needle valve immediately, and the value of the pressure gauge Ⅱ18 will soon return to the original value , it is determined that the water pressure at this location is high;
2.将脱吸罐14与压力表针型阀17连接,脱吸罐14内乳胶膜20将脱吸罐14分隔为上下两个空间,采用胶皮球12抽空脱吸罐14下部空间气体,关闭脱吸罐14与胶皮球12之间的排气阀13,打开压力表针形阀17,则测压管7内水进入脱吸罐14;2. Connect the desuction tank 14 with the pressure gauge needle valve 17. The latex film 20 in the desuction tank 14 divides the desuction tank 14 into upper and lower spaces. Use the rubber ball 12 to evacuate the gas in the lower space of the desuction tank 14, and close the desorption tank 14. The exhaust valve 13 between the suction tank 14 and the rubber ball 12 opens the pressure gauge needle valve 17, and the water in the pressure measuring tube 7 enters the desuction tank 14;
3.测压管7内水进入脱吸罐14过程中,乳胶膜20向上膨胀,脱吸罐14上部空间的气体通过上部气孔排出,当脱吸罐14上压力表Ⅰ16出现升高现象时,立即关闭脱吸罐14与压力表针型阀17之间的阀门Ⅰ19,并记录此时的水温T1;3. When the water in the pressure measuring tube 7 enters the desuction tank 14, the latex film 20 expands upwards, and the gas in the upper space of the desuction tank 14 is discharged through the upper air holes. When the pressure gauge I16 on the desuction tank 14 rises, Immediately close the valve I19 between the desuction tank 14 and the pressure gauge needle valve 17, and record the water temperature T1 at this time;
4.过一段时间,待脱吸罐14内气体解吸平衡后,将脱吸罐14放平,记录脱吸罐14内液面高度及上部气体高度,同时记录该时刻水温T2,计算水中瓦斯溶解度,则完成现场测试步骤,采集水样送实验室进行测试;4. After a period of time, after the desorption of gas in the desorption tank 14 is balanced, put the desorption tank 14 flat, record the height of the liquid level in the desorption tank 14 and the height of the upper gas, and record the water temperature T2 at the same time, and calculate the gas solubility in the water , complete the on-site test steps, collect water samples and send them to the laboratory for testing;
5.将现场采集水样注入实验室溶解平衡罐26中,将平衡罐26放入恒温水浴Ⅱ25中,恒温水浴Ⅱ25水温设置为T1,平衡罐26与甲烷钢瓶29通过稳压阀28连接,开启甲烷钢瓶29及稳压阀28,向平衡罐26内注入甲烷并稳定在设定压力值P,开启恒温水浴Ⅱ25与搅拌机27,进行溶解瓦斯平衡实验;5. Inject the water sample collected on site into the laboratory dissolution balance tank 26, put the balance tank 26 into the constant temperature water bath II 25, set the water temperature of the constant temperature water bath II 25 to T1, connect the balance tank 26 to the methane cylinder 29 through the pressure stabilizing valve 28, and open the methane cylinder 29 and the pressure stabilizing valve 28, inject methane into the balance tank 26 and stabilize it at the set pressure value P, open the constant temperature water bath II 25 and the mixer 27, and conduct the dissolved gas balance experiment;
6.待溶解平衡后,关闭搅拌机27,将现场测试所用的脱吸罐14放置另外一个恒温水浴Ⅰ24中,水温设置为T2,将脱吸罐14与平衡罐26连接,打开阀门Ⅱ30,则平衡罐26内瓦斯溶解饱和水溶液进入脱吸罐14中,进行步骤3与步骤4的操作,则可得出甲烷压力为P时,现场水样对瓦斯的溶解度,改变注入平衡罐26中的甲烷气体压力,重复上述操作,则可得出不同甲烷气体压力P条件下,现场水样对甲烷的溶解度;6. After the dissolution is balanced, turn off the mixer 27, place the desorption tank 14 used in the field test in another constant temperature water bath I24, set the water temperature to T2, connect the desorption tank 14 to the balance tank 26, open the valve II30, and then balance Dissolve the saturated aqueous solution of gas in the tank 26 and enter the desorption tank 14, carry out the operation of step 3 and step 4, then it can be obtained that when the methane pressure is P, the solubility of the on-site water sample to the gas can be changed, and the methane gas injected into the balance tank 26 can be changed. Pressure, repeat the above operation, then can draw the solubility of the field water sample to methane under the condition of different methane gas pressure P;
7.根据实验室所测现场水样对瓦斯的溶解度,找出现场测试水对瓦斯溶解度值所对应的平衡甲烷气体压力,即为该测压钻孔实测的煤层瓦斯压力。7. According to the gas solubility of the field water samples measured in the laboratory, find out the equilibrium methane gas pressure corresponding to the gas solubility value of the field test water, which is the coal seam gas pressure actually measured by the piezometric drilling.
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