技术领域technical field
本发明属于神经功能修复的装置及方法，具体涉及一种近红外光刺激神经的修复装置及方法。The invention belongs to a device and method for repairing nerve function, in particular to a repair device and method for stimulating nerves with near-infrared light.
背景技术Background technique
神经功能受损会给病人带来巨大痛苦，而目前又很难利用生物学方法治愈绝大部分的神经系统损伤。从神经功能信息传导通路的角度看，神经功能修复可以在感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经及效应器等层次展开。大脑皮层是最高级的神经中枢，是神经修复效果最好的神经假体方法，其刺激方法包括电刺激、磁刺激和光刺激等。Impaired nerve function will bring great suffering to patients, and it is currently difficult to use biological methods to cure most nervous system injuries. From the perspective of nerve function information transmission pathways, nerve function repair can be carried out at the levels of receptors, afferent nerves, nerve centers, efferent nerves, and effectors. The cerebral cortex is the most advanced nerve center, and it is the neural prosthesis method with the best nerve repair effect. The stimulation methods include electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and light stimulation.
随着科学技术和临床水平的提高，神经电刺激修复一度成为研究热点，其主要是利用神经微电极与功能恢复集成电路完全集成或混合集成的、可植入人体内的系统芯片，以实现神经功能的修复。然而，随着电刺激修复分辨率的提高、神经电刺激临床应用的开展，传统的电刺激逐渐暴露出以下局限性：With the improvement of science and technology and clinical level, nerve electrical stimulation restoration has become a research hotspot for a while, which mainly uses the system chip that is fully integrated or mixed integrated with nerve microelectrodes and functional recovery integrated circuits, and can be implanted in the human body to realize nerve stimulation. Functional fixes. However, with the improvement of the resolution of electrical stimulation repair and the development of clinical application of electrical nerve stimulation, the following limitations of traditional electrical stimulation are gradually exposed:
（1）电刺激方法存在伪迹，在组织液中需振荡才会消失，且时间较长；(1) There are artifacts in the electrical stimulation method, which need to be oscillated in the interstitial fluid to disappear, and it takes a long time;
（2）由于微电极尺寸受加工工艺的限制，且微电极在组织液中会被浸泡腐蚀，故电刺激分辨率的提高会受到微电极阵列的束缚；(2) Since the size of the microelectrode is limited by the processing technology, and the microelectrode will be soaked and corroded in the interstitial fluid, the improvement of the electrical stimulation resolution will be limited by the microelectrode array;
（3）电刺激的实现是电荷流动形式，生物组织中是离子流动形式，需要两种能量形式的转换，故需考虑电刺激能量在生物组织中的传递与转化，而且电刺激需要考虑植入电路以及植入电路的电源供应问题。(3) The realization of electrical stimulation is in the form of charge flow, and in biological tissue it is in the form of ion flow, which requires the conversion of two energy forms, so the transmission and conversion of electrical stimulation energy in biological tissue must be considered, and electrical stimulation needs to be considered for implantation Circuits and power supply issues for implanted circuits.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种近红外光刺激神经的修复装置及方法，能有效激活神经组织并使之诱发出神经冲动，以实现神经功能的修复，且伪迹时程较短、分辨率较高、与神经组织不直接接触。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a near-infrared light stimulation nerve repair device and method, which can effectively activate nerve tissue and induce nerve impulses to realize the repair of nerve function, and the time course of artifacts is shorter and the resolution is higher. High, no direct contact with nerve tissue.
本发明所述近红外光刺激神经的修复装置，包括激光器、光纤、微电极阵列、电极转接口、引线、多通道采集仪、传输光缆和计算机；The repairing device for nerve stimulation by near-infrared light of the present invention includes a laser, an optical fiber, a microelectrode array, an electrode transfer interface, a lead wire, a multi-channel acquisition instrument, a transmission optical cable and a computer;
所述光纤与激光器连接，激光器产生近红外激光，用于传送到预修复的神经组织上；The optical fiber is connected to a laser, and the laser generates near-infrared laser light for delivery to the pre-repaired nerve tissue;
所述微电极阵列用于插入到预修复的神经组织中，并通过电极转接口、引线与多通道采集仪连接，该多通道采集仪通过传输光缆与计算机连接，多通道采集仪将微电极阵列采集到的诱发电位放大、滤波和数字化处理，并通过计算机处理、显示和存储；The microelectrode array is used to be inserted into the pre-repaired nerve tissue, and is connected to a multi-channel acquisition instrument through an electrode transfer interface and a lead wire. The multi-channel acquisition instrument is connected to a computer through a transmission optical cable, and the multi-channel acquisition instrument connects the microelectrode array The collected evoked potentials are amplified, filtered and digitized, processed, displayed and stored by computer;
所述光纤的光纤长轴与记录微电极的轴线夹角为0～45°；The included angle between the optical fiber long axis of the optical fiber and the axis of the recording microelectrode is 0-45°;
所述激光器产生的近红外的波长范围为780～2526nm。The wavelength range of the near infrared generated by the laser is 780-2526nm.
还包括定位架，该定位架包括支撑架、第一固定棒、第二固定棒、角度调节机构和高度调节机构，所述第一固定棒通过角度调节机构与支撑架连接，光纤的输出端固定在第一固定棒上，并通过角度调节机构调节光纤输出端的空间位置，所述微电极阵列固定在第二固定棒上，并通过高度调节机构调节微电极阵列的空间位置。Also includes a positioning frame, the positioning frame includes a support frame, a first fixed rod, a second fixed rod, an angle adjustment mechanism and a height adjustment mechanism, the first fixed rod is connected to the support frame through an angle adjustment mechanism, and the output end of the optical fiber is fixed On the first fixed rod, the spatial position of the output end of the optical fiber is adjusted through an angle adjustment mechanism, and the microelectrode array is fixed on the second fixed rod, and the spatial position of the microelectrode array is adjusted through a height adjustment mechanism.
所述角度调节机构由第一螺钉、第二螺钉、连接件和金属球组成，金属球固定在支撑架上，连接件的一端与第一固定棒连接，且第一固定棒与连接件之间通过第一螺钉锁紧，连接件的另一端与金属球连接，且连接件与金属球之间通过第二螺钉锁紧；所述高度调节机构为第三螺钉。The angle adjustment mechanism is composed of a first screw, a second screw, a connecting piece and a metal ball, the metal ball is fixed on the support frame, one end of the connecting piece is connected with the first fixing rod, and the gap between the first fixing rod and the connecting piece The other end of the connecting piece is connected to the metal ball through the first screw locking, and the connecting piece and the metal ball are locked through the second screw; the height adjustment mechanism is the third screw.
所述激光器为脉冲式激光器，其脉宽＜10ms，频率＜100Hz，驱动电流幅度为＜4A，阈值电流为＜999mA，步长为10mA。The laser is a pulsed laser with a pulse width of <10ms, a frequency of <100Hz, a driving current amplitude of <4A, a threshold current of <999mA, and a step size of 10mA.
所述微电极阵列能采集预修复神经组织在近红外激光照射下诱发的局部场电位和SPIKE信号。The microelectrode array can collect the local field potential and SPIKE signal induced by the pre-repaired nerve tissue under near-infrared laser irradiation.
本发明所述的近红外光刺激神经的修复方法，其步骤如下：The method for repairing nerves stimulated by near-infrared light according to the present invention has the following steps:
步骤一、将光纤与激光器连接，将多通道采集仪通过电极转接口、引线与微电极阵列连接，并将多通道采集仪通过传输光缆与计算机连接；Step 1. Connect the optical fiber to the laser, connect the multi-channel acquisition instrument to the microelectrode array through the electrode transfer interface and the lead wire, and connect the multi-channel acquisition instrument to the computer through the transmission optical cable;
步骤二、将微电极阵列固定在定位架上，并将微电极阵列插入到预修复的神经组织区域中；Step 2, fixing the microelectrode array on the positioning frame, and inserting the microelectrode array into the pre-repaired nerve tissue area;
步骤三、将光纤的输出端固定在定位架上，且光纤的输出端对准预修复的神经组织区域，使激光器输出的近红外激光能照射在预修复的神经组织区域上；Step 3. Fix the output end of the optical fiber on the positioning frame, and align the output end of the optical fiber with the pre-repaired nerve tissue area, so that the near-infrared laser output from the laser can be irradiated on the pre-repaired nerve tissue area;
步骤四、调节激光器的驱动电流、脉宽、频率参数控制激光器输出不同波长的激光，微电极阵列采集预修复的神经组织在近红外激光照射下的诱发电位，并通过电极转接口、引线输入多通道采集仪，多通道采集仪将微电极阵列采集到的诱发电位放大、滤波和数字化处理，并通过传输光缆输入计算机进行处理、显示和存储。Step 4. Adjust the driving current, pulse width, and frequency parameters of the laser to control the laser to output lasers of different wavelengths. The microelectrode array collects the evoked potential of the pre-repaired nerve tissue under near-infrared laser irradiation, and inputs multiple signals through the electrode interface and leads. The channel acquisition instrument and the multi-channel acquisition instrument amplify, filter and digitize the evoked potential collected by the microelectrode array, and input it into the computer through the transmission optical cable for processing, display and storage.
所述步骤二中，所述微电极阵列固定在定位架的第二固定棒上，并通过第三螺钉调节微电极阵列的空间位置。In the second step, the microelectrode array is fixed on the second fixing bar of the positioning frame, and the spatial position of the microelectrode array is adjusted by the third screw.
所述步骤三中，所述光纤的输出端固定在定位架的第一固定棒上，并通过第一螺钉、第二螺钉和金属球调节光纤输出端的空间位置。In the third step, the output end of the optical fiber is fixed on the first fixing rod of the positioning frame, and the spatial position of the optical fiber output end is adjusted by the first screw, the second screw and the metal ball.
上述所述的用近红外光刺激神经的修复装置对神经组织进行修复的方法，The above-mentioned method for repairing nerve tissue with a repair device that stimulates nerves with near-infrared light,
（1）由于光能量的吸收较快，故伪迹时程较短；(1) Due to the faster absorption of light energy, the artifact time course is shorter;
（2）由于不会受到微电极加工工艺、微电极材料生物相容性的限制，故光刺激神经功能修复技术的分辨率较高；(2) Since it will not be limited by the microelectrode processing technology and the biocompatibility of microelectrode materials, the resolution of the nerve function restoration technology by light stimulation is relatively high;
（3）由于近红外光在组织中的穿透深度可达5cm以上，能直接作用到皮肤、皮下组织的血管、淋巴管、神经末梢，故采用近红外激光刺激方法无需与组织直接接触、无需在生物组织体内安置电路，无需考虑植入电路的电源问题。(3) Since the penetration depth of near-infrared light in the tissue can reach more than 5cm, it can directly affect blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, so the near-infrared laser stimulation method does not require direct contact with the tissue, and does not require There is no need to consider the power supply of the implanted circuit to place the circuit in the body of the biological tissue.
综上所述，本发明利用近红外光照射神经组织，能够有效激活神经组织并使之诱发出神经冲动，从而达到神经功能修复的目的，具有伪迹时程较短、分辨率较高、刺激方向性较好，并与神经组织不直接接触的优点。In summary, the present invention uses near-infrared light to irradiate nerve tissue, which can effectively activate nerve tissue and induce nerve impulses, thereby achieving the purpose of nerve function restoration. It has the advantages of good directionality and no direct contact with nerve tissue.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1 是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1所示的近红外光刺激神经的修复装置，包括激光器1、光纤2、微电极阵列10、电极转接口8、引线4、多通道采集仪5、传输光缆6和计算机7；光纤2与激光器1连接，激光器1产生近红外激光，用于传送到预修复的神经组织9上；微电极阵列10用于插入到预修复的神经组织9中，并通过电极转接口8、引线4与多通道采集仪5连接，该多通道采集仪5通过传输光缆6与计算机7连接，多通道采集仪5将微电极阵列10采集到的诱发电位放大、滤波和数字化处理，并通过计算机7处理、显示和存储；光纤2的光纤长轴与记录微电极10的轴线夹角为0～45°。The repairing device for nerve stimulation by near-infrared light as shown in Figure 1 includes a laser 1, an optical fiber 2, a microelectrode array 10, an electrode transfer interface 8, a lead wire 4, a multi-channel acquisition instrument 5, a transmission optical cable 6 and a computer 7; an optical fiber 2 Connected with the laser 1, the laser 1 generates near-infrared laser light for delivery to the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9; the microelectrode array 10 is used for inserting into the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9, and through the electrode transfer interface 8, the lead wire 4 and the The multi-channel acquisition instrument 5 is connected, and the multi-channel acquisition instrument 5 is connected with the computer 7 through the transmission optical cable 6. The multi-channel acquisition instrument 5 amplifies, filters and digitizes the evoked potential collected by the microelectrode array 10, and processes it through the computer 7, Display and storage; the angle between the long axis of the optical fiber 2 and the axis of the recording microelectrode 10 is 0-45°.
该近红外光刺激神经的修复装置通过光纤2取代电刺激中的电极，通过激光取代电刺激中的刺激信号发生源，将光纤2置于预修复的神经细胞上方，传导激光照射神经细胞来激活或抑制神经冲动，从而修复皮层靶区域对应的神经功能。The near-infrared light-stimulated nerve repair device replaces the electrodes in the electrical stimulation with the optical fiber 2, replaces the stimulation signal source in the electrical stimulation with the laser, places the optical fiber 2 above the pre-repaired nerve cells, and conducts the laser to irradiate the nerve cells to activate them. Or inhibit nerve impulses, thereby restoring the corresponding neural function of the cortical target area.
还包括定位架3，该定位架3包括支撑架3h、第一固定棒3a、第二固定棒3f、角度调节机构和高度调节机构，所述第一固定棒3a通过角度调节机构与支撑架3h连接，光纤2的输出端用医用胶带包缠在第一固定棒3a上，并通过角度调节机构调节光纤2输出端的空间位置进行精确调节（即：调节光纤2长轴与预修复神经组织9水平面的夹角以及光纤2输出端与预修复的神经组织9的距离），以确保激光器1输出的近红外激光能较好地照射在预修复的神经组织9区域上，所述微电极阵列10通过引线4用医用胶带包缠在第二固定棒3f上，并通过高度调节机构调节微电极阵列10的空间位置进行精确调节，以确保调节微电极阵列10垂直插入预修复神经组织9，并精确定位记录微电极的插入深度。Also include a positioning frame 3, the positioning frame 3 includes a support frame 3h, a first fixed rod 3a, a second fixed rod 3f, an angle adjustment mechanism and a height adjustment mechanism, and the first fixed rod 3a is connected to the support frame 3h by an angle adjustment mechanism connection, the output end of the optical fiber 2 is wrapped on the first fixing rod 3a with medical adhesive tape, and the spatial position of the output end of the optical fiber 2 is adjusted through the angle adjustment mechanism for precise adjustment (that is, adjusting the long axis of the optical fiber 2 and the horizontal plane of the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 angle and the distance between the output end of the optical fiber 2 and the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9), to ensure that the near-infrared laser output from the laser 1 can be better irradiated on the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 area, and the microelectrode array 10 passes through The lead wire 4 is wrapped on the second fixing rod 3f with medical tape, and the spatial position of the microelectrode array 10 is adjusted through the height adjustment mechanism for precise adjustment, so as to ensure that the adjusted microelectrode array 10 is vertically inserted into the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 and accurately positioned Record the insertion depth of the microelectrodes.
进一步，角度调节机构由第一螺钉3b、第二螺钉3c、连接件3g和金属球3d组成，金属球3d固定在支撑架3h上，连接件3g的一端与第一固定棒3a连接，且第一固定棒3a与连接件3g之间通过第一螺钉3b锁紧，连接件3g的另一端与金属球3d连接，且连接件3g与金属球3d之间通过第二螺钉3c锁紧；所述高度调节机构为第三螺钉3e。Further, the angle adjustment mechanism is composed of a first screw 3b, a second screw 3c, a connecting piece 3g and a metal ball 3d, the metal ball 3d is fixed on the support frame 3h, one end of the connecting piece 3g is connected with the first fixing rod 3a, and the second The first screw 3b is used to lock between a fixed rod 3a and the connector 3g, the other end of the connector 3g is connected to the metal ball 3d, and the second screw 3c is used to lock the connector 3g and the metal ball 3d; The height adjustment mechanism is the third screw 3e.
所述激光器1为脉冲式激光器，包括激光二极管、电源和驱动电路、光路系统、光纤接口。驱动电路由定时电路、脉冲发生器、电子开关和供电电源组成。通过调节驱动电流、脉宽、频率参数控制激光器1发出不同波长的低能量激光（连续或不同脉宽、不同频率的脉冲信号），该激光器1的脉宽＜10ms，频率＜100Hz，驱动电流幅度为＜4A，阈值电流为＜999mA，步长为10mA。该激光器1产生的近红外的波长范围为780～2526nm。The laser 1 is a pulsed laser, including a laser diode, a power supply and a driving circuit, an optical system, and an optical fiber interface. The driving circuit is composed of a timing circuit, a pulse generator, an electronic switch and a power supply. By adjusting the driving current, pulse width, and frequency parameters, the laser 1 is controlled to emit low-energy lasers of different wavelengths (continuous or pulse signals with different pulse widths and different frequencies). The pulse width of the laser 1 is <10ms, the frequency is <100Hz, and the driving current amplitude is <4A, the threshold current is <999mA, and the step size is 10mA. The wavelength range of the near infrared generated by the laser 1 is 780-2526nm.
所述微电极阵列10能采集预修复神经组织9在近红外激光照射下诱发的局部场电位和SPIKE信号。The microelectrode array 10 can collect the local field potential and SPIKE signal induced by the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 under near-infrared laser irradiation.
本发明所述的预修复神经组织9包括视皮层、运动皮层及耳蜗等神经组织。The pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 of the present invention includes nerve tissues such as visual cortex, motor cortex, and cochlea.
本发明所述的近红外光刺激神经的修复方法，其步骤如下：The method for repairing nerves stimulated by near-infrared light according to the present invention has the following steps:
步骤一、将光纤2与激光器1连接，将多通道采集仪5通过电极转接口8、引线4与微电极阵列10连接，并将多通道采集仪5通过传输光缆6与计算机7连接；Step 1. Connect the optical fiber 2 to the laser 1, connect the multi-channel acquisition instrument 5 to the microelectrode array 10 through the electrode transfer interface 8 and the lead wire 4, and connect the multi-channel acquisition instrument 5 to the computer 7 through the transmission optical cable 6;
步骤二、将微电极阵列10固定在定位架3的第二固定棒3f上，并调节第三螺钉3e对微电极阵列10的空间位置进行精确定位，并将微电极阵列10插入到预修复的神经组织9区域；Step 2, fix the microelectrode array 10 on the second fixing rod 3f of the positioning frame 3, and adjust the third screw 3e to precisely position the spatial position of the microelectrode array 10, and insert the microelectrode array 10 into the pre-repaired Nervous tissue 9 area;
步骤三、将光纤2的输出端固定在定位架3的第一固定棒3a上，并通过第一螺钉3b、第二螺钉3c和金属球3d调节光纤2输出端的空间位置，以确保光纤2的输出端对准预修复的神经组织9区域，以确保激光器1输出的近红外激光能较好地照射在预修复的神经组织9区域上；Step 3, fix the output end of the optical fiber 2 on the first fixing rod 3a of the positioning frame 3, and adjust the spatial position of the output end of the optical fiber 2 through the first screw 3b, the second screw 3c and the metal ball 3d, so as to ensure that the optical fiber 2 The output end is aimed at the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 area, so as to ensure that the near-infrared laser output by the laser 1 can be better irradiated on the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 area;
步骤四、调节激光器1的驱动电流、脉宽、频率参数控制激光器1输出不同波长的低能量激光（连续或不同脉宽、不同频率的脉冲信号），当近红外激光照射预修复的神经组织9时，近红外激光能使该区域的神经组织9兴奋，以达到修复不同神经功能的目的，微电极阵列10采集预修复的神经组织9在近红外激光照射下的诱发电位，并通过电极转接口8、引线4输入多通道采集仪5，多通道采集仪5将微电极阵列10采集到的诱发电位放大、滤波和数字化处理，并通过传输光缆6输入计算机7进行处理、显示和存储，通过计算机7观察到光刺激诱发出的神经响应。Step 4. Adjust the driving current, pulse width, and frequency parameters of laser 1 to control laser 1 to output low-energy lasers of different wavelengths (continuous or pulse signals with different pulse widths and different frequencies). When the near-infrared laser irradiates the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 The near-infrared laser can excite the nerve tissue 9 in this area to achieve the purpose of repairing different nerve functions. The microelectrode array 10 collects the evoked potential of the pre-repaired nerve tissue 9 under the near-infrared laser irradiation, and transmits it through the electrode transfer interface. 8. The lead wire 4 is input into the multi-channel acquisition instrument 5, and the multi-channel acquisition instrument 5 amplifies, filters and digitizes the evoked potential collected by the microelectrode array 10, and inputs it into the computer 7 through the transmission optical cable 6 for processing, display and storage, and passes the computer 7 Neural responses evoked by light stimulation were observed.
以下以视皮层神经为例，对本发明所述的修复方法做进一步的说明：Taking the visual cortical nerve as an example, the repair method of the present invention will be further described:
剪开动物头部皮肤，暴露颅骨，准确定位视皮层区域，从而定位出微电极阵列10的插入位置，后沿此区域开出骨窗，待硬脑膜完全暴露后，将微电极阵列10插入到视皮层神经区域，并将光纤长轴与记录微电极的轴线夹角调整为20°，且光纤2的输出端与视皮层神经组织的垂直距离为1~2mm，调节激光器1的驱动电流、脉宽、频率参数控制激光器1输出特定波长的低能量激光（连续或不同脉宽、不同频率的脉冲信号），通过计算机7观察所采集到的诱发电位，并记录和存储以供后续详细分析。Cut the skin of the head of the animal, expose the skull, and accurately locate the visual cortex area, thereby locating the insertion position of the microelectrode array 10, and then open a bone window along this area. After the dura mater is completely exposed, insert the microelectrode array 10 into the The nerve area of the visual cortex, and the angle between the long axis of the optical fiber and the axis of the recording microelectrode was adjusted to 20°, and the vertical distance between the output end of the optical fiber 2 and the nerve tissue of the visual cortex was 1-2 mm, and the driving current and pulse of the laser 1 were adjusted. Wide and frequency parameters control the laser 1 to output low-energy lasers of specific wavelengths (continuous or pulse signals of different pulse widths and frequencies), and the collected evoked potentials are observed through the computer 7, recorded and stored for subsequent detailed analysis.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310052800.3ACN103071246B (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2013-02-19 | The neuroactive prosthetic device of near infrared light |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310052800.3ACN103071246B (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2013-02-19 | The neuroactive prosthetic device of near infrared light |
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| CN201310052800.3AActiveCN103071246B (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2013-02-19 | The neuroactive prosthetic device of near infrared light |
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