技术领域technical field
本发明涉及微电网技术，尤其涉及一种含旋转负荷的微电网储能调度方法，采取合理的调度方法使负荷安全启动，保证微电网稳定运行。The invention relates to micro-grid technology, in particular to a micro-grid energy storage scheduling method with rotating loads. A reasonable scheduling method is adopted to safely start the load and ensure the stable operation of the micro-grid.
背景技术Background technique
随着微电网技术的快速发展，对微电网供电可靠性的要求越来越高。然而微网中存在一些间歇性微源和动力负荷对微网系统的稳定运行产生不利影响。由于储能具有双向流动和响应速度较快的特点，能有效改善微网电能质量并提高系统稳定性，已成为微网中必不可少的一部分。With the rapid development of microgrid technology, the requirements for the reliability of microgrid power supply are getting higher and higher. However, there are some intermittent micro-sources and power loads in the micro-grid, which have adverse effects on the stable operation of the micro-grid system. Due to the characteristics of bidirectional flow and fast response, energy storage can effectively improve the power quality of microgrid and improve the stability of the system, and has become an indispensable part of microgrid.
目前已有的微电网储能调度策略，对含有普通负荷的微电网进行调度，即：实时判断电网电压和电网频率，根据频率偏差动态调度储能能量，能减小频率波动幅度和克服系统频率振荡加剧；并根据发电电量和负荷需求情况，储能电池荷电状态判断储能充放电运行方式。目前微电网中多采用价格较低的储能电池作为光伏发电和负荷的平衡，而深度放电对电池的寿命有严重的影响。另一方面，对含有旋转负荷的微电网，在旋转负荷启动时启动电流过大，无功需求大，储能电池配置容量需求很大，对微电网的经济性产生了一定的影响。The existing micro-grid energy storage dispatch strategy is to dispatch micro-grids with common loads, that is, to judge the grid voltage and grid frequency in real time, and dynamically dispatch energy storage energy according to the frequency deviation, which can reduce the frequency fluctuation and overcome the system frequency. The oscillation intensifies; and according to the power generation and load demand, the state of charge of the energy storage battery determines the charging and discharging operation mode of the energy storage. At present, low-cost energy storage batteries are mostly used in microgrids to balance photovoltaic power generation and loads, and deep discharge has a serious impact on battery life. On the other hand, for microgrids with rotating loads, the starting current is too large when the rotating loads are started, the demand for reactive power is large, and the capacity of energy storage batteries is required to be large, which has a certain impact on the economy of microgrids.
中国专利201020624601：一种电池储能监控调度系统，调度控制系统根据电网负荷预测系统生成的电网预测生成的电网预测和电池储能监控系统发送的各项信息，判断充放电模式，并将命令发送至电网接入系统和电池管理系统，控制储能电池组通过电网接入系统接入电网，并通过变电站系统变压后，与电网进行充放电操作。这种方法若用于含旋转负荷的微电网，要求储能电池有足够大的容量，影响其经济性。Chinese patent 201020624601: A battery energy storage monitoring and dispatching system. The dispatching control system judges the charging and discharging mode according to the grid forecast generated by the grid load forecasting system and the information sent by the battery energy storage monitoring system, and sends the command To the grid access system and battery management system, control the energy storage battery pack to connect to the grid through the grid access system, and perform charging and discharging operations with the grid after voltage transformation through the substation system. If this method is used in a microgrid with rotating loads, the energy storage battery is required to have a large enough capacity, which affects its economy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种具有高供电可靠性、高电能质量的微电网及其储能调度方法。The invention provides a microgrid with high power supply reliability and high power quality and an energy storage scheduling method thereof.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种微电网，其关键技术在于：其包括光伏组件、逆变器、储能电池、微电网交流母线、旋转负荷、普通负荷、超级电容器和变频启动装置；所述光伏组件通过逆变器接在微电网交流母线上，所述超级电容通过逆变器转换成交流电接在微电网交流母线上，所述储能电池通过逆变器接在微电网交流母线上，所述普通负荷直接接微电网交流母线，所述旋转负荷通过变频启动装置接微电网交流母线；所述储能电池和超级电容器构成储能系统。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a microgrid, the key technology of which is: it includes photovoltaic modules, inverters, energy storage batteries, microgrid AC busbars, rotating loads, ordinary loads, supercapacitors and a variable frequency starting device; the photovoltaic module is connected to the AC bus of the microgrid through the inverter, the supercapacitor is converted into alternating current through the inverter and connected to the AC bus of the microgrid, and the energy storage battery is connected to the AC bus of the microgrid through the inverter On the AC bus of the micro-grid, the ordinary load is directly connected to the AC bus of the micro-grid, and the rotating load is connected to the AC bus of the micro-grid through a frequency conversion starting device; the energy storage battery and the supercapacitor form an energy storage system.
所述旋转负荷为大型异步电机。The rotating load is a large asynchronous motor.
所述的光伏组件中的发电模块具有最大功率跟踪点模块。The power generation module in the photovoltaic module has a maximum power tracking point module.
本发明还提供了上述微电网的储能调度方法，在旋转负荷启动时，采用超级电容器放电平衡；在旋转负荷运行过程中，优先采用超级电容器出力，超级电容器放电结束，储能电池出力；The present invention also provides the above-mentioned energy storage dispatching method of the micro-grid. When the rotating load is started, the discharge balance of the supercapacitor is adopted; during the operation of the rotating load, the output of the supercapacitor is preferentially used, and when the discharge of the supercapacitor is completed, the energy storage battery outputs;
当微电网稳定运行时的调度方法步骤如下：The steps of the scheduling method when the microgrid is running stably are as follows:
1）系统获取光伏组件发电功率和负荷需求，再根据主网电压和主网频率，评断储能运行方式；1) The system obtains the power generation power and load demand of photovoltaic modules, and then judges the energy storage operation mode according to the main grid voltage and main grid frequency;
若主网电压和主网频率正常，采用并网运行,发电功率大于负荷需求，储能荷电状态不满的情况下，优先对超级电容器充电，再对储能电池充电；储能满电状态下，多余电量送入主网；发电功率小于负荷需求，储能荷电状态满足放电要求，光伏发电系统和储能系统同时向负荷供电，储能不足情况下，再向主网购电; 所述光伏组件和位于其后级的逆变器构成光伏发电系统。If the main grid voltage and main grid frequency are normal, grid-connected operation is adopted, the power generated is greater than the load demand, and the charging state of the energy storage is not satisfied, the supercapacitor is charged first, and then the energy storage battery is charged; when the energy storage is fully charged , the excess power is sent to the main grid; the generated power is less than the load demand, and the state of charge of the energy storage meets the discharge requirements. The photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage system supply power to the load at the same time. The components and the inverter behind it constitute a photovoltaic power generation system.
2)若主网电压和主网频率异常，采用离网运行，发电功率大于负荷需求，储能荷电状态不满的情况下，优先对超级电容器充电，再对储能电池充电，若电量还有剩余，限制光伏发电系统出力；发电功率小于负荷需求，储能荷电状态满足放电要求，光伏发电系统和储能系统同时向负荷供电。2) If the main grid voltage and main grid frequency are abnormal, off-grid operation is adopted, the power generated is greater than the load demand, and the state of charge of the energy storage is not satisfied, the priority is to charge the supercapacitor, and then charge the energy storage battery. The surplus limits the output of the photovoltaic power generation system; the power generated is less than the load demand, the state of charge of the energy storage meets the discharge requirements, and the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage system supply power to the load at the same time.
所述储能电池最低值为荷电状态的60%。The minimum value of the energy storage battery is 60% of the state of charge.
本发明微电网采用混合储能系统，即超级电容器和储能电池。混合储能系统一方面分担抑制频率波动，另一方面要维持微源和负荷的稳定。采用混合储能系统，利用超级电容器和变频启动装置抑制旋转负荷启动对微电网的频率冲击，并根据微电网状态调整储能运行。The microgrid of the present invention adopts a hybrid energy storage system, that is, a supercapacitor and an energy storage battery. On the one hand, the hybrid energy storage system is responsible for suppressing frequency fluctuations, and on the other hand, it must maintain the stability of micro-sources and loads. The hybrid energy storage system is adopted, and the supercapacitor and variable frequency starting device are used to suppress the frequency impact of the rotating load on the microgrid, and the energy storage operation is adjusted according to the state of the microgrid.
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：采用本发明其能够有效解决旋转负荷启动对电网稳定产生的影响，并有效提高储能系统使用寿命，高效利用清洁能源。The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned technical solution are: adopting the present invention can effectively solve the influence of the rotation load start-up on the stability of the power grid, effectively improve the service life of the energy storage system, and efficiently utilize clean energy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，微电网主要包括光伏组件、逆变器、储能电池、微电网交流母线（即400V交流汇流母线）、旋转负荷、普通负荷（比如各种家用电器）、超级电容和电机变频启动装置（即变频启动器），旋转负荷实行软启动，并由超级电容器抑制启动及运行时的频率波动；光伏组件通过逆变器接在微电网交流母线上，并通过MPPT方法使光伏组件输出维持在最大功率点，超级电容通过逆变器转换成交流电接在微电网交流母线上，储能电池通过逆变器接在微电网交流母线上。工作时，实时测量主网电压和主网频率，来确定微电网并网离网运行方式。As shown in Figure 1, the microgrid mainly includes photovoltaic modules, inverters, energy storage batteries, microgrid AC busbars (that is, 400V AC busbars), rotating loads, ordinary loads (such as various household appliances), supercapacitors and motors The variable frequency starting device (that is, the variable frequency starter), the rotating load is soft-started, and the frequency fluctuation during startup and operation is suppressed by the super capacitor; the photovoltaic module is connected to the AC bus of the microgrid through the inverter, and the photovoltaic module is connected to the microgrid through the MPPT method. The output is maintained at the maximum power point, the supercapacitor is converted into AC by the inverter and connected to the AC bus of the microgrid, and the energy storage battery is connected to the AC bus of the microgrid through the inverter. When working, measure the main grid voltage and main grid frequency in real time to determine the grid-connected and off-grid operation mode of the microgrid.
微电网内部实时考察频率偏差，优先利用超级电容器抑制频率波动，并结合电机变频装置，使含旋转负荷的微电网稳定运行。The frequency deviation is investigated in real time inside the microgrid, and the supercapacitor is preferentially used to suppress frequency fluctuations, and combined with the motor frequency conversion device, the microgrid with rotating loads can operate stably.
并网运行情况下：In the case of grid-connected operation:
1）当光伏发电系统（也叫微源，下同）发电不足，超级电容器有容量，储能电池SOC>60%，由光伏发电系统和储能系统共同为负荷供电，优先利用储能电池；1) When the photovoltaic power generation system (also called Microsource, the same below) generates insufficient power, the supercapacitor has capacity, and the SOC of the energy storage battery is >60%, the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage system will jointly supply power to the load, and the energy storage battery will be used first;
2）当光伏发电系统发电不足，超级电容器无容量，储能电池SOC<60%，由光伏发电系统和主网共同为负荷供电、为储能充电，避免储能电池的深度充放电循环，延长储能电池的使用寿命；2) When the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system is insufficient, the supercapacitor has no capacity, and the SOC of the energy storage battery is less than 60%, the photovoltaic power generation system and the main grid will jointly supply power to the load and charge the energy storage, so as to avoid deep charge and discharge cycles of the energy storage battery and prolong the life of the battery. The service life of the energy storage battery;
3）当光伏发电系统发电充足且大于负荷需求，超级电容器和储能电池都未充满，优先为超级电容器充电，再为储能电池充电，多余电量送入主网。3) When the photovoltaic power generation system generates enough power and is greater than the load demand, the supercapacitor and the energy storage battery are not fully charged, the supercapacitor is charged first, and then the energy storage battery is charged, and the excess power is sent to the main grid.
离网情况下：In the case of off-grid:
1）当光伏发电系统发电不足，则由光伏发电系统和储能系统共同为负荷供电。1) When the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system is insufficient, the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage system will jointly supply power to the load.
2）当光伏发电系统发电充足且大于负荷需求，优先为超级电容器充电，再为储能电池充电。2) When the photovoltaic power generation system generates enough power and is greater than the load demand, the supercapacitor is charged first, and then the energy storage battery is charged.
本发明微电网根据频率偏差判断储能出力，且由超级电容器优先放电，超级电容器放完，再由储能电池供电。在平衡光伏发电系统和负荷时，储能电池优先供电。对混合储能系统充电，超级电容器优先充电，充满后对储能电池进行充电。本发明含旋转负荷的微电网具有直流过压保护、过流保护、短路保护。本发明充分利用清洁可再生能源，并且避免了清洁可再生能源的浪费；在保障了用户的供电可靠性的同时，增加了微电网整体的使用寿命。The microgrid of the present invention judges the energy storage output according to the frequency deviation, and the supercapacitor is preferentially discharged, and the supercapacitor is fully discharged, and then powered by the energy storage battery. When balancing photovoltaic power generation systems and loads, energy storage batteries give priority to power supply. To charge the hybrid energy storage system, the supercapacitor is charged first, and the energy storage battery is charged after it is fully charged. The microgrid with rotating load of the present invention has DC overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection and short circuit protection. The invention makes full use of clean and renewable energy, and avoids the waste of clean and renewable energy; while ensuring the reliability of power supply for users, it increases the overall service life of the microgrid.
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| CN201210588833.5ACN103050986B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | A kind of micro-capacitance sensor and energy storage dispatching method thereof |
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