CN103016152B - A new process supercritical air energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种新型流程的超临界空气储能/释能系统，它采用电站低谷（低价）电将空气压缩至超临界状态（同时存储压缩热），利用膨胀机使空气降温同时回收膨胀功驱动一级压缩机提高系统效率，并利用已存储的冷能将超临界空气冷却、液化并存储（储能）；在用电高峰，液态空气经过加压、吸热至超临界（同时回收冷能），并在进一步吸收压缩热或其他工业余热、太阳能集中供热等后通过涡轮驱动发电机发电（释能）。本发明的系统具有能量密度高、效率高、不受储能周期和地理条件限制、适用于各种电站（包括风能等可再生能源电站）、对环境友好、可回收中低温（热值）废热等优点。

The invention discloses a supercritical air energy storage/energy release system with a new process, which compresses the air to a supercritical state (while storing the compression heat) by using the power station's trough (low price) electricity, and uses the expander to cool down the air and recover it at the same time The expansion work drives the first-stage compressor to improve the system efficiency, and uses the stored cold energy to cool, liquefy and store the supercritical air (energy storage); at the peak of power consumption, the liquid air is pressurized and absorbs heat to supercritical (at the same time Recover cold energy), and after further absorbing compression heat or other industrial waste heat, solar central heating, etc., drive a generator to generate electricity (energy release) through a turbine. The system of the present invention has high energy density, high efficiency, is not limited by energy storage period and geographical conditions, is applicable to various power stations (including wind power and other renewable energy power stations), is environmentally friendly, and can recover medium and low temperature (calorific value) waste heat Etc.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种新型流程的超临界空气储能系统A new process supercritical air energy storage system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及能量储存技术领域，特别是一种新型流程的超临界空气储能/释能系统。 The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a supercritical air energy storage/release system of a novel process. the

背景技术Background technique

电力储能技术是目前调整电网峰谷、改善电力系统经济性和稳定性的重要手段，是制约不稳定、间歇式的可再生能源大规模利用的最重要瓶颈之一，也是分布式能源和智能电网的关键技术。目前已有电力储能技术包括抽水蓄能电站、压缩空气、蓄电池、超导磁能、飞轮和电容等。但由于容量、储能周期、能量密度、充放电效率、寿命、运行费用、环保等原因，目前已在大型商业系统中运行的只有抽水电站和压缩空气两种。 Power energy storage technology is currently an important means to adjust the peak and valley of the power grid and improve the economy and stability of the power system. It is one of the most important bottlenecks restricting the large-scale utilization of unstable and intermittent renewable energy. The key technology of power grid. At present, the existing electric energy storage technologies include pumped storage power stations, compressed air, storage batteries, superconducting magnetic energy, flywheels and capacitors. However, due to capacity, energy storage period, energy density, charge and discharge efficiency, lifespan, operating costs, environmental protection and other reasons, only pumped hydropower stations and compressed air have been used in large-scale commercial systems. the

传统压缩空气储能系统是基于燃气轮机技术开发的一种储能系统。在用电低谷，将空气压缩并存于储气室中，使电能转化为空气的内能存储起来；在用电高峰，高压空气从储气室释放，进入燃气轮机燃烧室同燃料一起燃烧，然后驱动透平发电。压缩空气储能系统具有储能容量较大、储能周期长、效率高（50%～70%）和单位投资相对较小等优点，但是，传统压缩空气储能系统不是一项独立的技术，它必须同燃气轮机电站配套使用，不能适合其他类型，如燃煤电站、核电站、风能和太阳能等电站，特别不适合我国以燃煤发电为主，不提倡燃气燃油发电的能源战略。而且，压缩空气储能系统仍然依赖燃烧化石燃料提供热源，一方面面临化石燃料 逐渐枯竭和价格上涨的威胁，另一方面其燃烧仍然产生氮化物、硫化物和二氧化碳等污染物，不符合绿色(零排放)、可再生的能源发展要求。更为致命的是，由于储能密度低，压缩空气储能系统也需要特定的地理条件建造大型储气室，如岩石洞穴、盐洞、废弃矿井等，从而大大限制了压缩空气储能系统的应用范围。 The traditional compressed air energy storage system is an energy storage system developed based on gas turbine technology. During the low electricity consumption, the air is compressed and stored in the gas storage chamber, so that the electric energy is converted into the internal energy of the air and stored; at the peak power consumption, the high-pressure air is released from the gas storage chamber, enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine and burns together with the fuel, and then drives Turbine power generation. The compressed air energy storage system has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long energy storage period, high efficiency (50% to 70%) and relatively small unit investment. However, the traditional compressed air energy storage system is not an independent technology. It must be used in conjunction with gas turbine power plants, and cannot be suitable for other types, such as coal-fired power plants, nuclear power plants, wind and solar power plants, and is especially not suitable for my country's energy strategy that focuses on coal-fired power generation and does not advocate gas-fired power generation. Moreover, the compressed air energy storage system still relies on the combustion of fossil fuels to provide heat sources. On the one hand, it faces the threat of the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and rising prices; Zero emissions), renewable energy development requirements. What's more fatal is that due to the low energy storage density, the compressed air energy storage system also requires specific geographical conditions to build large gas storage chambers, such as rock caves, salt caverns, abandoned mines, etc., which greatly limits the use of compressed air energy storage systems. application range. the

为解决传统压缩空气储能系统面临的主要问题，特别是对燃气轮机的依赖问题，最近几年国内外学者分别开展了地面压缩空气储能系统(SVCAES)、带回热的压缩空气储能系统(AACAES)、空气蒸汽联合循环压缩空气储能系统(CASH)等，使压缩空气储能系统基本可以脱离化石燃料燃烧热源。但由于不采用化石燃料热源，压缩空气储能系统的能量密度更低，更加凸显了对大型储气室依赖，同时效率也不够高，必须找到合理的解决办法，才能使空气储能系统得到更广泛而又有效地利用。 In order to solve the main problems faced by traditional compressed air energy storage systems, especially the dependence on gas turbines, scholars at home and abroad have developed ground compressed air energy storage systems (SVCAES), compressed air energy storage systems with heat recovery ( AACAES), air-steam combined cycle compressed air energy storage system (CASH), etc., so that the compressed air energy storage system can basically be separated from the fossil fuel combustion heat source. However, since no fossil fuel heat source is used, the energy density of the compressed air energy storage system is lower, which further highlights the dependence on large gas storage chambers, and the efficiency is not high enough. A reasonable solution must be found to make the air energy storage system more efficient. widely and effectively. the

近年来，中国科学院工程热物理研究所发展了超临界空气储能系统，它利用空气的超临界条件下的性质，解决传统压缩空气储能存在的主要技术瓶颈。但是超临界空气储能系统仍然存在储存容器体积大占地多、效率不高的问题，单一依赖节流阀液化的不可逆损失较大，系统流程不够合理，能量利用不充分，导致系统效率较低（大约只有65%左右）。 In recent years, the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a supercritical air energy storage system, which uses the properties of air under supercritical conditions to solve the main technical bottlenecks of traditional compressed air energy storage. However, the supercritical air energy storage system still has the problems of large volume of storage container and low efficiency. The irreversible loss of liquefaction solely relying on the throttle valve is relatively large. The system flow is not reasonable enough and the energy utilization is not sufficient, resulting in low system efficiency. (About only about 65%). the

本发明提出一种新型流程的超临界空气储能/释能系统，进一步提升空气储能系统的性能，同时降低成本。 The present invention proposes a supercritical air energy storage/energy release system with a new process, which further improves the performance of the air energy storage system and reduces costs at the same time. the

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是公开一种新型流程的超临界空气储能/释能系统，它利用系统流程创新，提升超临界空气储能系统性能，适合于各种类型电站 和电网储能。使用膨胀机或膨胀机与节流阀的组合后，可以有效利用气体的压力能，实现高品位能量的综合梯级利用，有利于提高系统液化率，摆脱外界的冷量补充，从而明显提高系统效率。 The purpose of this invention is to disclose a supercritical air energy storage/energy release system with a new process, which utilizes system process innovation to improve the performance of the supercritical air energy storage system, and is suitable for various types of power stations and grid energy storage. After using the expander or the combination of the expander and the throttling valve, the pressure energy of the gas can be effectively utilized to realize the comprehensive cascade utilization of high-grade energy, which is conducive to improving the liquefaction rate of the system and getting rid of external cooling capacity, thereby significantly improving the system efficiency. . the

为达到上述目的，本发明的技术解决方案是： For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:

新型流程的超临界空气储能/释能系统包括压缩机组、蓄热/换热器组、蓄冷/换热器组、膨胀机组、低温储罐、阀门、低温泵、涡轮机组、发电机、驱动单元及多根管线。它与超临界空气储能系统的显著区别之一在于用膨胀机或膨胀机和节流阀的组合代替节流阀，膨胀机通过齿轮箱或联轴器驱动压缩机，显著提升系统效率，通过蓄热和蓄冷换热器组的应用减少材料消耗，降低系统成本。另一显著区别在于，蓄热/换热器组，至少包括两个处于不同的工作压力下的蓄热/换热器，储存取自压缩系统间冷的热量，并供涡轮机组使用；以及蓄冷/换热器组至少包括两个处于不同的工作压力下的蓄冷/换热器，储存储能和释能过程的冷量，通过不同压力设计，可以节约材料，降低系统造价。 The supercritical air energy storage/energy release system of the new process includes compressor unit, heat storage/heat exchanger unit, cold storage/heat exchanger unit, expansion unit, cryogenic storage tank, valve, cryopump, turbine unit, generator, drive Unit and multiple pipelines. One of the notable differences between it and the supercritical air energy storage system is that the throttle valve is replaced by an expander or a combination of an expander and a throttle valve. The expander drives the compressor through a gearbox or coupling, which significantly improves system efficiency. The application of heat storage and cold storage heat exchanger groups reduces material consumption and reduces system costs. Another notable difference is that the thermal storage/heat exchanger group, consisting of at least two thermal storage/heat exchangers at different operating pressures, stores heat taken from the intercooler of the compression system and is used by the turbine unit; and the cold storage The /heat exchanger group includes at least two cold storage/heat exchangers under different working pressures to store the cooling capacity in the process of energy storage and energy release. Through different pressure designs, materials can be saved and system cost can be reduced. the

本发明的压缩机组包括至少两台压缩机，相互串联或集成为整体多级压缩机，至少一台压缩机由膨胀机组直接驱动，以提高系统效率。膨胀机组最后一级的出口接入蓄冷/换热器后进入或直接进入节流阀稍微降温降压即可实现液化。压缩机和膨胀机均可以是活塞式、离心式、轴流式和组合式，其类型和台数视系统参数而定；膨胀机和压缩机可以设计成同轴组合，也可以通过变速箱连接提供压缩机动力，从而提高系统效率和经济性。系统布置如下： The compressor unit of the present invention includes at least two compressors, which are connected in series or integrated into an integral multi-stage compressor, and at least one compressor is directly driven by an expansion unit to improve system efficiency. The outlet of the last stage of the expansion unit is connected to the cold storage/heat exchanger and then enters or directly enters the throttle valve to reduce the temperature and pressure slightly to achieve liquefaction. Both the compressor and the expander can be piston type, centrifugal type, axial flow type and combined type, the type and number of which depend on the system parameters; the expander and compressor can be designed as a coaxial combination, and can also be provided through a gearbox connection compressor power, thereby increasing system efficiency and economy. The system layout is as follows:

各级压缩机经管线分别与蓄热/换热器组相连；按照压力匹配的设计 可以减少材料消耗，降低系统成本。存储压缩热后的高压空气经过管线进入蓄冷换热器组降温后进入膨胀机或先进入膨胀机，降温降压后再经过节流阀（也可以取消）经过管线进入低温储罐，在管线中设有阀门、至少一台低温泵，阀门位于低温泵上游；蓄热/换热器组合过热器经管线分别与涡轮机组相通连。 The compressors at all levels are respectively connected to the heat storage/heat exchanger group through pipelines; according to the design of pressure matching, it can reduce material consumption and system cost. After storing the heat of compression, the high-pressure air enters the cold storage heat exchanger group through the pipeline to cool down and then enters the expander or enters the expander first, then passes through the throttle valve (can also be canceled) after cooling down and enters the low-temperature storage tank through the pipeline, and in the pipeline Valves and at least one low-temperature pump are provided, and the valves are located upstream of the low-temperature pump; the heat storage/heat exchanger combination superheater is respectively connected with the turbine unit through pipelines. the

其工作流程为：储能时，利用驱动单元驱动组合式压缩机组，将一定量的空气压缩至超临界状态，每级的压缩热被回收并存储在蓄热/换热器中；然后一定参数的空气进入蓄冷/换热器组中冷却，再经过膨胀机组膨胀降温降压后，进一步通过节流阀或直接由膨胀机转变为液态空气进入低温储罐存储；释能时，低温泵对液态空气加压到一定压力，高压液态空气在蓄冷/换热器组中升温至超临界状态并回收冷能，在蓄热/换热器组和过热器中吸收压缩热使空气进一步升温，然后进入涡轮机组做功，带动发电机发电。 Its working process is: when storing energy, use the driving unit to drive the combined compressor unit to compress a certain amount of air to a supercritical state, and the compression heat of each stage is recovered and stored in the heat storage/heat exchanger; then certain parameters The air enters the cold storage/heat exchanger group for cooling, and after being expanded by the expansion unit to reduce temperature and pressure, it is further transformed into liquid air through the throttle valve or directly from the expander and enters the cryogenic storage tank for storage; when the energy is released, the cryopump The air is pressurized to a certain pressure, and the high-pressure liquid air heats up to a supercritical state in the cold storage/heat exchanger group and recovers cold energy, absorbs the compression heat in the heat storage/heat exchanger group and the superheater to further heat the air, and then enters The turbine set does work and drives the generator to generate electricity. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述驱动单元，是以电网或常规电站低谷电、核电、风电、太阳能发电、生物质发电、水电或潮汐发电其中的一种或多种电源带动的电机。 In the air energy storage system, the drive unit is a motor driven by one or more power sources of power grid or conventional power station, nuclear power, wind power, solar power, biomass power, hydropower or tidal power. the

所述的空气储能系统，其储能过程在电力低谷、可再生能源限电或电能质量不符合上网要求时启用；释能过程在用电高峰、电力事故、可再生能源发电大幅波动时启用。 The air energy storage system described above, the energy storage process is activated when the power is low, renewable energy is limited or the power quality does not meet the requirements for grid connection; the energy release process is activated when the power consumption peaks, power accidents, and large fluctuations in renewable energy power generation . the

所述的空气储能系统，其压缩流程包括至少一台膨胀机，用于使压缩空气降温降压便于液化并回收膨胀功，提高系统效率。 In the air energy storage system, the compression process includes at least one expander, which is used to reduce the temperature and pressure of the compressed air for liquefaction and recovery of expansion work, so as to improve system efficiency. the

所述的空气储能系统，低温储罐中储存的介质是液态空气或其他可液 化工质，当工质不为空气时，低压压缩机进口和低压涡轮出口通过一个恒压变容的气囊连接，实现工质循环利用，液态工质在常压或带一定压力状况下储存。 In the air energy storage system, the medium stored in the cryogenic storage tank is liquid air or other liquefiable substances. When the working medium is not air, the inlet of the low-pressure compressor and the outlet of the low-pressure turbine are connected through a constant-pressure variable-capacity air bag , to realize the recycling of working fluid, and the liquid working fluid is stored under normal pressure or with a certain pressure. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述蓄热过热器设有管线，该管线与外界热源相通连，外界热源可以是太阳能集热器、工业余热和各类废热。所述余热、废热，为电厂、水泥行业、钢铁冶金行业、化工行业的余热、废热；余热、废热可储存在蓄热/换热器中，也可以存储在专用的蓄热过热器中。 In the air energy storage system, the heat storage superheater is provided with a pipeline, and the pipeline communicates with an external heat source, which can be a solar heat collector, industrial waste heat and various waste heat. The waste heat and waste heat are the waste heat and waste heat of power plants, cement industry, iron and steel metallurgy industry, and chemical industry; waste heat and waste heat can be stored in heat storage/heat exchangers, or can be stored in special heat storage superheaters. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述压缩机组；当为多台压缩机时，多台压缩机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接；各级压缩机的排气均经过对应的蓄热/换热器冷却降温。 The air energy storage system, the compressor unit; when there are multiple compressors, the multiple compressors are in the form of coaxial series connection or sub-shaft parallel connection; Connection; the exhaust air of the compressors at all levels is cooled by the corresponding heat storage/heat exchanger. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述涡轮机组，末级涡轮机排气接近常压；当为多台涡轮机时，多台涡轮机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接；各级涡轮机的进气均先经过对应的蓄热/换热器加热升温，或经过蓄热过热器继续升温。 In the air energy storage system, the exhaust gas of the turbine unit and the final stage turbine is close to normal pressure; when there are multiple turbines, the multiple turbines are in the form of coaxial series connection or split shaft parallel connection; in the parallel connection form, each The sub-shaft is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft; the intake air of the turbines at all levels is first heated by the corresponding heat storage/heat exchanger, or continues to heat up through the heat storage superheater. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述压缩机和膨胀机均可以是活塞式、离心式、轴流式、螺杆式或组合式。 In the air energy storage system, the compressor and the expander can be piston, centrifugal, axial, screw or combined. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述在多台压缩机、多台膨胀机时，多台压缩机、多台膨胀机分布在一根驱动轴或多根驱动轴上，通过变速箱连接。 In the air energy storage system, when there are multiple compressors and multiple expanders, the multiple compressors and multiple expanders are distributed on one drive shaft or multiple drive shafts, and are connected through a gearbox. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述蓄热/换热器组的蓄热形式是显热、潜热或化学反应热中的一种或几种；采用的蓄热介质是水、石蜡、生物质油、无机类结晶水合盐、熔融盐、金属及其合金、有机类脂肪酸、石头、岩石或混凝土，蓄热介质储存在绝热容器中。 In the air energy storage system, the heat storage form of the heat storage/heat exchanger group is one or more of sensible heat, latent heat or chemical reaction heat; the heat storage medium used is water, paraffin, raw Substance oil, inorganic crystalline hydrated salt, molten salt, metal and its alloy, organic fatty acid, stone, rock or concrete, heat storage medium is stored in an insulated container. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述蓄冷/换热器，将空气冷却至81K-150K（K为开氏温度单位），是显热蓄冷或固液相变蓄冷中的一种或组合；采用的显热蓄冷介质，是密封冰球、沙石子、混凝土、铝带盘或其它金属物质中的一种或几种；固液相变蓄冷介质，是固液相变温度在81K～273K之间的氨及其水溶液、盐类水溶液、烷烃类、烯烃类物质及其化合物，醇类及其水溶液中的一种或几种，蓄冷介质存储在绝热容器中；空气在蓄冷/换热器中与蓄冷介质直接接触换热或非直接接触换热；储能时，蓄冷/换热器对空气进行进一步冷却便于液化，释能时，蓄冷/换热器回收并储存高压液态空气升温过程中的冷量。 In the air energy storage system, the cold storage/heat exchanger cools the air to 81K-150K (K is the Kelvin temperature unit), which is one or a combination of sensible heat storage or solid-liquid phase change cold storage; The sensible heat storage medium used is one or more of sealed ice balls, sand and gravel, concrete, aluminum tape or other metal substances; the solid-liquid phase change cold storage medium is a solid-liquid phase change temperature between 81K ~ 273K One or more of ammonia and its aqueous solution, salt solution, alkanes, olefins and their compounds, alcohols and their aqueous solutions, the cold storage medium is stored in an insulated container; the air is stored in the cold storage/heat exchanger Heat exchange in direct contact with the cold storage medium or non-direct contact heat exchange; when storing energy, the cold storage/heat exchanger further cools the air for liquefaction; when releasing energy, the cold storage/heat exchanger recovers and stores the high-pressure liquid air during the heating process Cooling capacity. the

所述的空气储能系统，其所述低温储罐，为杜瓦储罐或低温储槽，液态空气在常压或带压力状况下储存。 In the air energy storage system, the low-temperature storage tank is a Dewar storage tank or a low-temperature storage tank, and liquid air is stored under normal pressure or under pressure. the

所述的空气储能系统，其储能时，通过控制第一级压缩机进气量来调节储能能力。所述的空气储能系统，其所述控制第一级压缩机进气量，是通过调节压缩机负载、阀门开度、驱动转速、开停部分压缩机或调节压比来实现进气量的控制。其释能时，通过控制液态空气流量来调节发电能力。 In the air energy storage system, when storing energy, the energy storage capacity is adjusted by controlling the intake air volume of the first-stage compressor. In the air energy storage system, the air intake volume of the first-stage compressor is controlled by adjusting the compressor load, valve opening, driving speed, starting and stopping some compressors, or adjusting the pressure ratio to realize the air intake volume. control. When releasing energy, the power generation capacity is adjusted by controlling the flow of liquid air. the

本发明的优点在于：代替节流阀的膨胀机与压缩机同轴或通过齿轮箱互联传动，储能效率比超临界空气系统提高、系统成本降低10%左右，具有广阔的使用前景。 The advantages of the present invention are: the expander instead of the throttle valve is coaxial with the compressor or interconnected with the transmission through the gear box, the energy storage efficiency is higher than that of the supercritical air system, and the system cost is reduced by about 10%, which has broad application prospects. the

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的新型流程的超临界空气储能系统实施例1结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the supercritical air energy storage system of novel flow process of the present invention;

图2为本发明的新型流程的超临界空气储能系统实施例2结构示意 图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the supercritical air energy storage system of the novel process of the present invention. the

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下参照附图并举实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。 In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. the

本发明的新型流程的超临界空气储能系统，采用电站低谷(低价)电能将空气压缩至超临界状态(同时存储压缩热)，然后利用膨胀机组使空气降温降压同时回收膨胀功提高效率，此过程中膨胀机与压缩机同轴或通过齿轮箱互联，有助于提高效率降低成本，利用已存储的冷能将压缩空气冷却、液化并存储（储能）；在用电高峰，液态空气加压吸热至超临界状态(同时液态空气中的冷能被回收存储)，并进一步吸收存储的压缩热后通过涡轮机组驱动发电机发电(释能)，在此过程中一些工业废热可以被回收以提高系统效率。 The supercritical air energy storage system of the new process of the present invention uses the power station’s trough (low price) electric energy to compress the air to the supercritical state (while storing the compression heat), and then uses the expansion unit to cool the air and recover the expansion work to improve the efficiency In this process, the expander and the compressor are coaxial or interconnected through a gearbox, which helps to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The stored cold energy is used to cool, liquefy and store the compressed air (energy storage); The air is pressurized to absorb heat to the supercritical state (at the same time, the cold energy in the liquid air is recovered and stored), and after further absorbing the stored compression heat, the turbine unit drives the generator to generate electricity (energy release). During this process, some industrial waste heat can be is recycled to improve system efficiency. the

实施例： Example:

图1为本发明的新型流程的超临界空气储能系统实施例1。包括压缩组C1、C2，蓄热/换热器组2、5，膨胀机组E1、E2、蓄冷/换热器组8、10，低温储罐15，阀门13、17，低温泵19，涡轮机组T1、T2，发电机29，驱动电机32，管线A、1、3、4、6、7、9、11、12、14、16、18、20、21、22、23、24、25、27、28等。 Fig. 1 is the embodiment 1 of the supercritical air energy storage system of the novel process of the present invention. Including compression group C1, C2, heat storage/heat exchanger group 2, 5, expansion unit E1, E2, cold storage/heat exchanger group 8, 10, cryogenic storage tank 15, valves 13, 17, cryopump 19, turbine unit T1, T2, generator 29, drive motor 32, pipeline A, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27 , 28, etc. the

驱动电机32与压缩机组C1、C2的共有传动轴固接，发电机29与涡轮机组T1、T2的共有传动轴固接。压缩机组C1、C2经管线1、3、4、6分别与蓄热/换热器组2、5相连。低压压缩机C1入口接空气。经过蓄热/换热器5的超临界空气经管线6、7、9、11通过蓄冷/换热器组8、10和膨 胀机组E1、E2降温降压，再经过节流阀13液化。蓄热/换热器组2、5和蓄热过热器26经管线22、23、24、25、27分别与膨胀机组T1、T2相连，低压涡轮T1的气体出口通大气。蓄热过热器26经管线30、31与外界热源相通连。 The drive motor 32 is fixedly connected to the common transmission shafts of the compressor units C1 and C2, and the generator 29 is fixedly connected to the common transmission shafts of the turbine units T1 and T2. Compressor sets C1, C2 are connected to heat storage/heat exchanger sets 2, 5 via pipelines 1, 3, 4, 6 respectively. The inlet of low pressure compressor C1 is connected with air. The supercritical air passing through the heat storage/heat exchanger 5 passes through the pipelines 6, 7, 9, and 11 to pass through the cold storage/heat exchanger groups 8, 10 and the expansion units E1, E2 to reduce the temperature and pressure, and then pass through the throttle valve 13 to liquefy. Heat storage/heat exchanger groups 2, 5 and heat storage superheater 26 are respectively connected to expansion units T1, T2 via pipelines 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, and the gas outlet of low-pressure turbine T1 is vented to atmosphere. The thermal storage superheater 26 communicates with the external heat source through pipelines 30 and 31 . the

储能时，利用驱动单元32驱动压缩机组C1、C2，将一定量的空气压缩至超临界状态，每级的压缩热被回收并存储在蓄热/换热器组2、5的相应罐体中；然后一定参数的空气进入蓄冷/换热器组8、10中冷却，再经过膨胀机组E1、E2膨胀降温降压后，进一步经过蓄冷换热器组或直接通过节流阀13或直接由膨胀机转变为液态空气进入低温储罐存储15；释能时，低温泵19对液态空气加压到一定压力，高压液态空气在蓄冷/换热器组8、10中升温至超临界状态并回收冷能，在蓄热/换热器组2、5和过热器26中吸收压缩热使空气进一步升温，然后进入涡轮机组T1、T2做功，带动发电机29发电。 When storing energy, the drive unit 32 is used to drive the compressor units C1 and C2 to compress a certain amount of air to a supercritical state, and the compression heat of each stage is recovered and stored in the corresponding tanks of the heat storage/heat exchanger groups 2 and 5 Then the air with a certain parameter enters the cold storage/heat exchanger groups 8 and 10 for cooling, and then expands and cools down through the expansion units E1 and E2, and then further passes through the cold storage heat exchanger group or directly passes through the throttle valve 13 or directly by The expander transforms into liquid air and enters the cryogenic storage tank for storage 15; when the energy is released, the cryopump 19 pressurizes the liquid air to a certain pressure, and the high-pressure liquid air is heated to a supercritical state in the cold storage/heat exchanger groups 8 and 10 and recovered The cold energy absorbs the heat of compression in the heat storage/heat exchanger groups 2, 5 and the superheater 26 to further heat up the air, and then enters the turbine units T1 and T2 to do work, driving the generator 29 to generate electricity. the

图2为本发明的新型流程的超临界空气储能系统实施例2。其结构同实施例1基本相同，但膨胀机均位于蓄冷/换热器8、10之前，经过膨胀机组后的低温空气进入蓄冷/换热器组冷却后进入节流阀13进一步液化。其他工作流程同实施例1类似。 Fig. 2 is the embodiment 2 of the supercritical air energy storage system of the novel process of the present invention. Its structure is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, but the expanders are all located before the cold storage/heat exchangers 8 and 10, and the low-temperature air after passing through the expansion units enters the cold storage/heat exchanger group for cooling and then enters the throttle valve 13 for further liquefaction. Other workflows are similar to Example 1. the

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不因此而限定本发明的保护范围。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. the

Claims (12)

1. novel flow process supercritical air energy storage/release can system, comprise Motorized drive unit (32), compressor bank (C1, C2), low-temperature storage tank (15), cryopump (19), turbines (T1, T2), generator (29), it is characterized in that:

Described system also comprises accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5), described accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5) matches with compressor bank (C1, C2) and turbines (T1, T2), at least comprise two accumulation of heat/heat exchangers, respectively under different working pressures, when system stored energy, store and take from heat and final stage exhaust gas heat cold between compressor bank (C1, C2), system release can time in order to heat the working gas of turbines (T1, T2);

Described system also comprises cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10), described cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10) matches with expansion unit (E1, E2) and turbines (T1, T2), at least comprise two cold-storage/heat exchangers, respectively under different working pressures, the cold of stocking system energy storage and exoergic process;

Described system also comprises expansion unit (E1, E2), compressor bank described in when system stored energy (C1, C2) by air compressing to supercritical state, with the combination of throttle valve (13), supercritical air decrease temperature and pressure is extremely liquid by described expansion unit (E1, E2) or described expansion unit (E1, E2), liquid air is stored in described low-temperature storage tank (15); Described expansion unit (E1, E2) is coaxially connected with at least one compressor in compressor bank (C1, C2), or is connected power is provided by gearbox (33), or for other equipment power supplies or power is provided;

Described system is divided into energy storage subtense angle and releases energy subtense angle: in described energy storage subtense angle, described driver element (32), compressor bank (C1, C2), accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5), expansion unit (E1, E2), cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10), low-temperature storage tank (15) are through a pipeline group (1,3,4,6,7,9,11,12,14) successively order UNICOM; Described releasing in energy subtense angle, described low-temperature storage tank (15), modulating valve (17), cryopump (19), cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10), accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5), turbines (T1, T2), generator (29) are through another pipeline group (16,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,27,28) successively order UNICOM;

Described compressor bank (C1, C2) comprise at least two compressors, separate unit pressure ratio is between 2～4, mutually connect or be integrated into overall multistage compression unit, wherein the suction port of first order compressor (C1) connects air-source (A), upper level compressor outlet is connected with the suction port of next stage compressor through after the accumulation of heat/heat exchanger (2) of corresponding pressure through pipeline, the air outlet of afterbody compressor is the high pressure accumulation of heat/heat exchanger (5) through described accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package through pipeline (4), successively enter expansion unit (E1, and cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8 E2), 10) after through pipeline (12, 14) enter low-temperature storage tank (15), described turbines (T1, T2) comprise at least one turbo machine, separate unit pressure ratio is between 2～6, mutually connect or be integrated into overall multistage turbine unit, liquid air in described low-temperature storage tank (15) passes through modulating valve (17) successively through pipeline, cryopump (19), cold-storage/heat exchanger package (10, 8), accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (5, 2) pass into turbines after changing the air of supercritical state into, in each stage turbine, the air outlet of upper level turbo machine is connected with the suction port of next stage turbo machine after pipeline is through a heat absorption in described accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package, the logical atmosphere in air outlet of afterbody turbo machine (T1),

Described low-temperature storage tank (15) is Dewar storage tank or low temperature storing tank, the medium storing is liquid air or other liquefiable working medium, in the time that working medium is not air, the air outlet pipeline (28) of turbines (T1, T2) is connected by the air bag of a constant voltage transfiguration with the suction port pipeline (A) of compressor bank (C1, C2), realize working medium circulation utilization, liquid refrigerant stores under normal pressure or band certain pressure situation.

2. air energy storage according to claim 1/release energy system, is characterized in that: described expansion unit (E1, E2) comprises at least one decompressor, for making pressurized air decrease temperature and pressure be convenient to liquefy and reclaim expansion work, improves system effectiveness; Described expansion unit (E1, E2) can directly drive certain one-level in described compressor bank (C1, C2) by gearbox (33); Described driver element (32) is affixed with the transmission shaft of compressor bank (C1, C2); Described generator (29) is affixed with the transmission shaft of turbines (T1, T2).

3. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that: described accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5) is heat-insulating container, heat storage medium is stored in container, supercritical air therein with heat storage medium direct contact heat transfer or non-direct contact heat exchange, heat storage type is a kind of or combination in sensible heat, latent-heat storage; When energy storage, accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5) reclaims and stores the heat of compression that compressor produces, release can time, heat into the pressurized air before each stage turbine.

4. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that: described cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10) is heat-insulating container, cool storage medium is stored in container, supercritical air or liquid air therein with cool storage medium direct contact heat transfer or non-direct contact heat exchange, its cold-storage form is a kind of or combination in sensible heat cold-storage or solid-liquid phase change cold-storage; When energy storage, supercritical air is cooled to 81K-150K by cold-storage/heat exchanger (8,10), while releasing energy, and the cold discharging in recovery storing liquid atmosphere temperature rising process.

5. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that, its workflow is: when energy storage, utilize driver element (32) drive compression unit (C1, C2), by a certain amount of air compressing, to supercritical state, the heat of compression is recovered and is stored in accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5); Pressurized air successively enters expansion unit (E1, E2) and the middle decrease temperature and pressure of cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10) and reclaims expansion work, Cryogenic air is by complete after throttle valve (13) or overwhelming majority liquefaction, and liquid air enters low-temperature storage tank (15) storage; While releasing energy, cryopump (19) liquid towards air pressurized is to supercritical pressure, high-pressure liquid air is warming up to supercritical state and reclaims cold energy in cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10), in accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5), absorbing the heat of compression heats supercritical air, or further heat up through an accumulation of heat superheater (26) again, enter turbines (T1, T2) expansion acting, drive generator (29) generating.

6. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that: described driver element (32) is the motor driving with electrical network or conventional power plant trough-electricity, nuclear power, wind-powered electricity generation, solar electrical energy generation, biomass power generation, water power or tidal power generation one or more power supplys wherein.

7. air energy storage according to claim 5/release can system, it is characterized in that: described accumulation of heat superheater (26) is also provided with the pipeline (30,31) being connected with extraneous thermal source, and extraneous thermal source is solar thermal collector, industrial exhaust heat or various used heat.

8. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that: described accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (2,5), adopting heat storage medium is water, paraffin, bio-oil, mineral-type crystalline hydrate salt, fuse salt, metal and alloy, organic fatty acid, rock or concrete.

9. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that: described cold-storage/heat exchanger package (8,10), the sensible heat cool storage medium adopting is one or more in sealing ice hockey, sandstone, concrete, aluminium strip dish or other metallics; Solid-liquid phase change cool storage medium, is ammonia and the aqueous solution, salts solution, alkanes, olefines material and the compound thereof of solid-liquid phase change temperature between 81K～273K, one or more in alcohols and the aqueous solution thereof.

10. air energy storage according to claim 2/release can system, it is characterized in that: described expansion unit (E1, E2) comprises many decompressors, every grade of expander inlet is all connected with the outlet of the cold-storage/heat exchanger of corresponding pressure, and the outlet of afterbody decompressor is connected with throttle valve (13).

11. air energy storage according to claim 2/release can system, it is characterized in that: described expansion unit (E1, E2) comprises many decompressors, every grade of expander inlet is all connected with the outlet of the cold-storage/heat exchanger of corresponding pressure, and the outlet of afterbody decompressor is connected with throttle valve (13) through after the hold/heat exchanger of low pressure (10) of described cold-storage/heat exchanger package through pipeline (12).

12. air energy storage according to claim 1/release can system, it is characterized in that: in some level of turbines, upper level turbo machine is given vent to anger and also enter next stage turbine inlet through an accumulation of heat superheater (26) after one in described accumulation of heat/heat exchanger package (5,2), further improve temperature, increase acting ability.