技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种医疗器械，尤其涉及一种治疗四肢骨折的固定器。The invention relates to a medical device, in particular to a fixer for treating limb fractures.
背景技术Background technique
四肢骨折是日常生活中最为常见的骨损伤，尤其是随着交通事业和建筑业的发展，呈增加趋势。因此，如何更简单、更牢固地固定四肢骨折，如何尽量减少对骨折处血供的影响从而促进骨折愈合一直是骨科医师关注的重点与难点。当骨断裂时，需要将断骨固定在一起，以便于正确的愈合，否则，很容易发生诸如错位等不良愈合。Fractures of extremities are the most common bone injuries in daily life, especially with the development of the transportation industry and the construction industry, there is an increasing trend. Therefore, how to fix extremity fractures more easily and more firmly, and how to minimize the impact on the blood supply of the fracture so as to promote fracture healing have always been the focus and difficulty of orthopedic surgeons. When a bone breaks, the broken bones need to be held together for proper healing, otherwise, poor healing such as misalignment can easily occur.
最常规的固定方法是采用骨折固定器，其中，外固定器是实施手术将骨折复位，在肢体外安装骨外固定器，一般骨外固定器是由夹头和连接杆组成，通过骨折上下段的皮穿骨针的尾部与支撑连接杆的联锁，来达到骨折的固定作用，如CN1267070C、专利CN101198283B、专利CN201684002U公开的外固定器，其缺点是针道容易感染，甚至造成皮肤切割伤；而且固定器的大部分组成在体外，给生活带来不便；同时固定的力学稳定性较差，各连接部位容易松动导致固定失败；有时还需要X线定位下穿针。The most conventional fixation method is to use a fracture fixator. The external fixator is to perform surgery to reduce the fracture and install an external bone fixator outside the limb. Generally, the bone external fixator is composed of a chuck and a connecting rod. The tail of the skin-piercing needle and the supporting connecting rod are interlocked to achieve the fixation of the fracture, such as the external fixator disclosed by CN1267070C, patent CN101198283B, and patent CN201684002U. The disadvantage is that the needle tract is easy to be infected, and even causes skin cuts; Moreover, most of the fixator is composed outside the body, which brings inconvenience to life; at the same time, the mechanical stability of the fixation is poor, and the connection parts are easy to loosen, resulting in fixation failure; sometimes X-ray positioning is required to pass the needle.
内固定具有如下优点：其一，由于可靠坚强的固定，能使骨折愈合过程顺利；其二，术后数日即可功能锻炼，减少或消灭骨折带来的后遗症。由于多数骨折常常需要手术开放复位，因此内固定的应用也逐步增加，加之内固定方法和材料的发展越来越科学，过去有很多骨折不用手术治疗，而现如今也都采用了开放复位内固定，如锁骨骨折、髌骨骨折、指骨或掌骨等，并都取得了好的疗效。1984年中华骨科学会成立了内固定学组后，对骨折内固定的推广使用、以及发展创新起到了十分重要的作用；如专利CN101912295A公开环抱固定器、专利CN201822906U公开的内固定器、以及专利CN201814644U公开的内固定装置等内固定器。Internal fixation has the following advantages: first, due to the reliable and strong fixation, the fracture healing process can be smooth; second, functional exercise can be performed within a few days after the operation, reducing or eliminating the sequelae caused by the fracture. Since most fractures often require surgical open reduction, the application of internal fixation has gradually increased, and the development of internal fixation methods and materials has become more and more scientific. In the past, many fractures were treated without surgery, but now open reduction and internal fixation are also used. , such as clavicle fractures, patella fractures, phalanges or metacarpals, etc., and have achieved good results. After the Chinese Orthopedic Association established the Internal Fixation Group in 1984, it played a very important role in the promotion and use of fracture internal fixation, as well as the development and innovation; for example, the patent CN101912295A discloses the embracing fixator, the patent CN201822906U discloses the internal fixator, and the patent CN201814644U Internal fixators such as the disclosed internal fixation device.
但是传统内固定器，无论是钢板还是髓内钉，均操作复杂，而且创伤严重，而且，用于四肢骨折的内固定器改进的报道较少，因此需要一种固定效果好、创伤小、更符合生物学固定的、操作流程简单的四肢骨折内固定器。However, the traditional internal fixator, whether it is a steel plate or an intramedullary nail, is complicated to operate, and the trauma is serious. Moreover, there are few reports on the improvement of the internal fixator used for limb fractures. An internal fixator for extremity fractures that conforms to biological fixation and has simple operating procedures.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种用于四肢骨折的内固定器，通过连接杆、紧固螺母和螺钉将断骨复位后固定，解决了四肢骨折内固定现有技术的不足。The invention provides an internal fixator for fractures of extremities, which fixes the broken bones after reduction through connecting rods, fastening nuts and screws, and solves the deficiencies in the prior art of internal fixation of fractures of extremities.
本发明骨折内固定器，包括连接杆、锁定螺钉至少两个紧固螺母；其中，所述紧固螺母包括圆筒，圆筒外壁设有固定片，所述固定片上设有螺孔。使用时，连接杆两端插入紧固螺母的圆筒中，锁定螺钉插入螺孔中。所述锁定螺钉数量与所述螺孔数量相同。The fracture internal fixator of the present invention comprises a connecting rod, a locking screw and at least two fastening nuts; wherein, the fastening nut comprises a cylinder, the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with a fixing piece, and the fixing piece is provided with a screw hole. When in use, the two ends of the connecting rod are inserted into the cylinder of the fastening nut, and the locking screw is inserted into the screw hole. The number of locking screws is the same as the number of screw holes.
本发明所述的骨折内固定器，其中，所述连接杆两端还可以设有螺纹，所述紧固螺母圆筒内壁也设有螺纹，连接杆两端螺纹与圆筒内壁螺纹啮合，所述连接杆两端通过螺纹结构与所述紧固螺母连接。In the fracture internal fixator of the present invention, the two ends of the connecting rod can also be provided with threads, and the inner wall of the cylinder of the fastening nut is also provided with threads, and the threads at both ends of the connecting rod are engaged with the threads on the inner wall of the cylinder. Both ends of the connecting rod are connected with the fastening nut through a threaded structure.
其中，每个固定片上可以设置一个或多个螺孔，各个紧固螺母的固定片上的螺孔数量可以相同或不同。Wherein, one or more screw holes may be provided on each fixing piece, and the number of screw holes on the fixing pieces of each fastening nut may be the same or different.
其中，紧固螺母的圆筒可以是一个或多个。Wherein, there may be one or more cylinders for fastening nuts.
本发明上述的骨折内固定器，所述连接杆两端螺纹为镜像设置。In the above fracture internal fixer of the present invention, the threads at both ends of the connecting rod are set in mirror images.
本发明上述的骨折内固定器，其中，所述连接杆中间部分优选为多棱柱形状，可以是四棱柱、六棱柱、八棱柱等，也可以是圆柱形、椭圆柱形、半圆柱形等等。In the fracture internal fixator mentioned above in the present invention, wherein, the middle part of the connecting rod is preferably in the shape of a polygonal prism, which can be a quadrangular prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, etc., or it can be cylindrical, elliptical, semi-cylindrical, etc. .
本发明上述的骨折内固定器，其中，所述连接杆长度为30-60mm，所述连接杆直径为5.5~10mm，其中，当所述连接杆不为圆柱形时，所述连接杆直径为连接杆截面内切圆直径。The fracture internal fixator mentioned above in the present invention, wherein, the length of the connecting rod is 30-60mm, and the diameter of the connecting rod is 5.5-10mm, wherein, when the connecting rod is not cylindrical, the diameter of the connecting rod is The diameter of the inscribed circle of the connecting rod section.
本发明上述的骨折内固定器，其中，每个所述紧固螺母可以设有一侧翼固定片或两侧翼固定片，当所述固定片为两侧翼时，所述两个固定之间夹角为90~180度之间。在此情况下，两侧翼固定片均设有螺孔。每个紧固螺母的两侧翼固定片上，螺孔数量可以相同或不同，可以是一个或多个。In the above-mentioned internal fixator for fracture of the present invention, each of the fastening nuts can be provided with a fixed piece of one wing or two fixed pieces, and when the fixed pieces are two wings, the included angle between the two fixations is Between 90 and 180 degrees. In this case, screw holes are provided on both side wing fixing pieces. On the two side wing fixing pieces of each fastening nut, the number of screw holes can be the same or different, and can be one or more.
本发明骨折内固定器一种优选实施方式，固定片由可折弯塑形材料制备得到。In a preferred embodiment of the fracture internal fixator of the present invention, the fixation piece is made of bendable plastic material.
本发明骨折内固定器另一优选实施方式，其中固定片为弧形。Another preferred embodiment of the fracture internal fixator of the present invention, wherein the fixation piece is arc-shaped.
本发明上述的骨折内固定器，其中，所述锁定螺钉为双螺纹结构，，螺帽上螺纹与固定器上螺纹相吻合，螺杆上螺纹用于固定在骨骼上。所述螺钉优选为自攻螺钉，尤其优选为C型自攻螺钉（尖头自攻螺钉）。In the fracture internal fixator mentioned above in the present invention, the locking screw has a double-threaded structure, the thread on the nut coincides with the thread on the fixator, and the thread on the screw rod is used for fixing on the bone. The screw is preferably a self-tapping screw, particularly preferably a C-shaped self-tapping screw (pointed self-tapping screw).
其中，所述锁定螺钉直径为3mm~10mm。Wherein, the diameter of the locking screw is 3mm-10mm.
本发明上述骨折内固定器，其中，所述紧固螺母与所述连接杆之间的夹角为60~90度。The fracture internal fixator of the present invention, wherein, the angle between the fastening nut and the connecting rod is 60-90 degrees.
本发明骨折内固定器改变了传统的四肢骨折内固定术的操作流程，使该手术操作更为简单；该内固定器与四肢骨骼直接接触面积比例少，且与骨折处骨骼无接触，因此不会干扰骨折处及内固定装置下方骨血供，更利于骨折愈合；该系统为角固定，固定效果好，避免螺钉拔出松动等可能；手术可以通过皮下隧道实现微创，不仅创伤小，出血少，恢复快，而且还能大幅度减少并发症；骨折固定后仍可以对骨折处进行再次加压，使固定更稳定且更有利于骨折愈合。The fracture internal fixator of the present invention changes the operation process of the traditional internal fixation of limb fractures, making the operation easier; the internal fixator has a small proportion of direct contact area with the bones of the limbs, and has no contact with the bones at the fracture site, so it does not It will interfere with the bone blood supply at the fracture site and under the internal fixation device, which is more conducive to fracture healing; the system is angle-fixed, which has a good fixation effect and avoids the possibility of screw pulling out and loosening; the operation can be minimally invasive through a subcutaneous tunnel, which not only has less trauma and less bleeding , fast recovery, and can greatly reduce complications; after the fracture is fixed, the fracture can still be re-pressurized, making the fixation more stable and more conducive to fracture healing.
本发明骨折内固定器主要用于长骨的固定复位，如用于四肢肱骨、尺骨、桡骨、股骨、胫骨、腓骨等，但也可用于形状较为规则的骨组织。The fracture internal fixator of the present invention is mainly used for fixed reduction of long bones, such as humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, etc., but can also be used for bone tissues with relatively regular shapes.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明骨折内固定器使用状态示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the fracture internal fixator of the present invention;
图2为本发明骨折内固定器连接结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the fracture internal fixator of the present invention;
图3为本发明骨折内固定器紧固螺母结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the fastening nut of the fracture internal fixator of the present invention;
图4为本发明骨折内固定器紧固螺母双圆筒结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the double cylinder structure of the fastening nut of the fracture internal fixator of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供了一种骨折内固定器，主要由三部分组成：连接杆、紧固螺母和锁定螺钉。所述紧固螺母包括圆筒，圆筒外壁设有固定片，所述固定片上设有螺孔；连接杆两端插入紧固螺母的圆筒中，锁定螺钉插入螺孔中。所述锁定螺钉数量与所述螺孔数量相同。所述锁定螺钉直径优选为3mm~10mm，并优选为自攻螺钉，尤其是C型自攻螺钉。The invention provides a fracture internal fixator, which is mainly composed of three parts: a connecting rod, a fastening nut and a locking screw. The fastening nut includes a cylinder, the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with a fixed piece, and the fixed piece is provided with a screw hole; both ends of the connecting rod are inserted into the cylinder of the fastening nut, and locking screws are inserted into the screw hole. The number of locking screws is the same as the number of screw holes. The locking screw preferably has a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm, and is preferably a self-tapping screw, especially a C-type self-tapping screw.
下面参照图1~4，通过具体实施例对本发明骨折内固定器进行详细的介绍和描述，以使更好的理解本发明，但是下述实施例并不限制本实用性新型范围。Referring to Fig. 1-4 below, the fracture internal fixator of the present invention is introduced and described in detail through specific embodiments, so as to better understand the present invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the present utility model.
实施例1Example 1
参照图1~图3，本发明骨折内固定器包括直形连接杆1、紧固螺母2和锁定螺钉3。Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 , the fracture internal fixator of the present invention includes a straight connecting rod 1 , a fastening nut 2 and a locking screw 3 .
其中，紧固螺母2包括圆筒21、和对称设置在圆筒21外壁两侧翼的固定片22，固定片22上设有螺孔23。本发明中，紧固螺母2的数量为3个，其中一个紧固螺母的每个固定片上设有2个螺孔，其它紧固螺母每个固定片上均设有1个螺孔。圆筒21用于将连接杆1的两端插入，Wherein, the fastening nut 2 includes a cylinder 21 and fixed pieces 22 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the cylinder 21 , and the fixed pieces 22 are provided with screw holes 23 . In the present invention, the number of fastening nuts 2 is three, wherein one fastening nut is provided with two screw holes on each fixed piece, and each other fastening nut is provided with one screw hole on each fixed piece. The cylinder 21 is used to insert the two ends of the connecting rod 1,
参照图1，本发明骨折内固定器，使用时，先将骨折手法复位，并简单固定，在骨折上下各切开一小切口，将连接杆1在骨骼上方、软组织下方顺势插入，将连接杆1的两端插入紧固螺母2的圆筒21内，骨折线近干骺端的一端安装一个，较远的一端安装两个。但紧固螺母2的数量可根据临床需要进行选择。Referring to Fig. 1, when using the fracture internal fixator of the present invention, firstly reset the fracture and simply fix it, cut a small incision above and below the fracture, insert the connecting rod 1 above the bone and below the soft tissue, and insert the connecting rod 1 The two ends of 1 are inserted in the cylinder 21 of fastening nut 2, one is installed at the end near the metaphysis of the fracture line, and two are installed at the far end. But the quantity of fastening nut 2 can be selected according to clinical needs.
在本实施例中，连接杆1的两端设有螺纹，而且两端螺纹镜像设置，相应地，紧固螺母2的圆筒21的内壁也设有螺纹，连接杆1的两端螺纹与圆筒21内壁螺纹啮合，从而将连接杆1更为牢固的固定。In this embodiment, the two ends of the connecting rod 1 are provided with threads, and the threads at both ends are mirrored. The inner wall of the cylinder 21 is threadedly engaged, thereby fixing the connecting rod 1 more firmly.
锁定螺钉3插入固定片22上的螺孔23内，将紧固螺母2固定在骨骼上，从而将连接杆1固定The locking screw 3 is inserted into the screw hole 23 on the fixing plate 22, and the fastening nut 2 is fixed on the bone, thereby fixing the connecting rod 1
在此情况下，连接杆1的中间部位最好是棱柱形状，本实施例中为六棱柱，截面六边形内切圆直径为5.5~10mm，长度为30-60mm，使用六角扳手旋转连接杆1的中间部分，在螺纹的作用下，连接杆1两端紧固螺母2相向运动，从而使骨折断端二次加压，更加使骨折稳定且促进了骨愈合。In this case, the middle part of the connecting rod 1 is preferably in the shape of a prism. In this embodiment, it is a hexagonal prism. In the middle part of 1, under the action of the screw thread, the fastening nuts 2 at both ends of the connecting rod 1 move toward each other, so that the broken end of the fracture is re-pressurized, which further stabilizes the fracture and promotes bone healing.
根据骨形状的不同，连接杆1与紧固螺母2之间夹角也可以调整，如60~90度范围内进行调整，以更好的进行固定。According to different bone shapes, the angle between the connecting rod 1 and the fastening nut 2 can also be adjusted, for example, within the range of 60-90 degrees, so as to better fix it.
另外每个紧固螺母上的两个固定片之间夹角也可以调整，如150~180度范围内调整，以更好的贴合在骨上。本实施例中，固定片选择由可折弯塑型的材料制备，使用时，将固定片折弯，贴服在骨骼表面，定形；然后用锁定螺钉固定在骨骼上。具体折弯固定方法和工具可参照专利CN2868488Y中公开的内容实施。In addition, the angle between the two fixing pieces on each fastening nut can also be adjusted, such as within the range of 150-180 degrees, so as to better fit on the bone. In this embodiment, the fixing piece is selected to be made of a material that can be bent and molded. When in use, the fixing piece is bent, attached to the surface of the bone, and fixed; then fixed on the bone with locking screws. The specific bending fixing method and tools can be implemented with reference to the content disclosed in the patent CN2868488Y.
实施例2Example 2
在实施例1的基础上，如果骨较粗，可以用多个本发明所述的内固定器，按照实施例1所述方法进行固定，也可以在紧固螺母2上设置两个或更多个圆筒，如图4所示，这样在不增加紧固螺母数量的情况下，可以增加连接杆1的数量，以起到更好的固定效果；如果骨较细，每个紧固螺母两侧翼的固定片之间夹角为90~150度，或者每个紧固螺母2上仅设置一个固定片22。On the basis of Example 1, if the bone is relatively thick, multiple internal fixators according to the present invention can be used to fix according to the method described in Example 1, or two or more can be set on the fastening nut 2 A cylinder, as shown in Figure 4, can increase the number of connecting rods 1 without increasing the number of fastening nuts, so as to achieve a better fixing effect; if the bone is thinner, each fastening nut two The included angle between the fixing pieces of the flanks is 90-150 degrees, or only one fixing piece 22 is arranged on each fastening nut 2 .
当紧固螺母1上设有两个圆筒21时，两个圆筒21之间也可以设有中间固定片，通过中间固定片将两个圆筒连接，中间固定片也可以设有螺孔。When the fastening nut 1 is provided with two cylinders 21, an intermediate fixing piece can also be provided between the two cylinders 21, and the two cylinders are connected by the middle fixing piece, and the middle fixing piece can also be provided with a screw hole .
此外，在上述实施例中，锁定螺钉3最好为双螺纹结构，一端螺纹与螺孔23内螺纹啮合，另一端螺纹用于将锁定螺钉3固定在骨上。In addition, in the above embodiments, the locking screw 3 preferably has a double-threaded structure, one end thread is engaged with the internal thread of the screw hole 23, and the other end thread is used to fix the locking screw 3 on the bone.
通过上述发明内容和具体实施例的描述，可以看出：By the description of the above summary of the invention and specific embodiments, it can be seen that:
首先，本发明骨折内固定器放置内固定的切口较小，而常规钢板放置时，须切开与钢板等长的皮肤，才能顺利安置钢板；本固定器只需切开骨折远侧和近侧的皮肤，是常规钢板的1/4或更少。First of all, the fracture internal fixer of the present invention has a smaller incision for placing the internal fixation, but when placing the conventional steel plate, the skin with the same length as the steel plate must be cut in order to place the steel plate smoothly; this fixer only needs to cut the distal and proximal sides of the fracture. The skin is 1/4 or less of the conventional steel plate.
其次，不需要剥离骨膜，因此减少了对骨折愈合的血供干预，促进骨折愈合，是常规钢板所不能比拟的。Secondly, there is no need to strip the periosteum, thus reducing blood supply intervention on fracture healing and promoting fracture healing, which is unmatched by conventional steel plates.
第三，可以二次加压，即骨折固定牢固后可以通过旋转连接杆再次加压，因此可以增加固定的稳定性及促进骨折面更有力地接触从而促进骨折愈合。Thirdly, it can be pressurized twice, that is, after the fracture is firmly fixed, the connecting rod can be rotated to pressurize again, so the stability of the fixation can be increased and the fracture surface can be contacted more forcefully to promote fracture healing.
第四，连接杆长度30~60mm，直接为0.5~10mm，由于细长的连接杆有部分弹性，更符合骨折愈合的生物力学特点，这种弹性固定可以有效地减少固定器的应力遮挡作用，并提供骨折区的微应力刺激，从而促进骨折。Fourth, the length of the connecting rod is 30-60 mm, and the direct length is 0.5-10 mm. Since the slender connecting rod is partially elastic, it is more in line with the biomechanical characteristics of fracture healing. This elastic fixation can effectively reduce the stress shielding effect of the fixator. And provide micro-stress stimulation in the fracture area, thereby promoting fracture.
第五，连接杆与骨骼的接触面极小，线线接触，相对于其他任何目前市场应用的内固定装置而言，接触最小，因此，减少对骨折愈合的干预，尤其与第四所述共同作用下，减少了固定器下骨疏松的可能，避免了内固定取出后的再次骨折的可能。Fifth, the contact surface between the connecting rod and the bone is extremely small, and the line-to-line contact is minimal compared to any other internal fixation device currently used in the market, thus reducing the intervention on fracture healing, especially in common with the fourth Under the effect, the possibility of osteoporosis under the fixator is reduced, and the possibility of re-fracture after the internal fixation is taken out is avoided.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述，但其只作为范例，本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言，任何对该实用进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改，都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to this practice are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110239369.4ACN102949228B (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-08-19 | A kind of bone fracture internal fixing device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110239369.4ACN102949228B (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-08-19 | A kind of bone fracture internal fixing device |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102949228A CN102949228A (en) | 2013-03-06 |
| CN102949228Btrue CN102949228B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110239369.4AExpired - Fee RelatedCN102949228B (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2011-08-19 | A kind of bone fracture internal fixing device |
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| CN (1) | CN102949228B (en) |
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