CN102933792A - Improved in situ combustion recovery method using a single horizontal well to produce oil and combustion gas to the surface - Google Patents
Improved in situ combustion recovery method using a single horizontal well to produce oil and combustion gas to the surfaceDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及使用现场燃烧、竖直氧化气体注入井和独立水平井采收来自地下储层的粘稠烃的方法，具体地，涉及一种不使用另外独立的通气井的改进方法。The present invention relates to methods of recovering viscous hydrocarbons from subterranean reservoirs using in situ combustion, vertical oxidizing gas injection wells and separate horizontal wells and, in particular, to an improved method that does not use additional separate vent wells.
背景技术Background technique
用以由粘性地下成烃生产油的现场燃烧方法和用以从包含烃的地层中分离烃的各种方法在本领域中是已知的。In situ combustion methods to produce oil from viscous subterranean hydrocarbon formation and various methods to separate hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon containing formations are known in the art.
举例来说，美国专利3,502,372(M.Prats)公开了这样的方法，即，在此方法中，页岩油和可溶铝化合物从碎石化或裂石化的页岩油层中通过页岩油自上而下燃烧得到采收。去除油以清理页岩，用于随后使用碱性化学物质溶解开采页岩中的铝。热解剂可以是空气和水的热混合物，但是其必须以500℉以上的温度注入，并且形成物内部温度必须控制到600-950℉以避免损坏矿物。如发明内容和随后的具体实施方式中所讨论的，本发明不需要地下储层的碎石化，或者使用自上而下的燃烧。而是，所建立的燃烧前缘沿水平井筒侧向移动。For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,372 (M. Prats) discloses a process in which shale oil and soluble aluminum compounds are passed from a crushed or cracked shale oil formation through the shale oil to Top down burning gets harvested. The oil is removed to clean up the shale, which is then used to dissolve the aluminum in the mined shale using alkaline chemicals. The pyrolysis agent can be a hot mixture of air and water, but it must be injected at a temperature above 500°F, and the internal temperature of the formation must be controlled to 600-950°F to avoid damage to the mineral. As discussed in the Summary of the Invention and in the Detailed Description that follows, the present invention does not require the pulverization of subterranean reservoirs, or the use of top-down combustion. Instead, the established combustion front moves laterally along the horizontal wellbore.
美国专利3,515,212(Allen等人)公开了一种现场燃烧方法，该方法结合了在竖直井之间正反向现场燃烧。注入井区域由蒸汽加热到自燃温度，空气自探边井注入，并且沿注入井的方向流动。当空气进入邻近注入井的已加热油区域时，便发生燃烧。燃烧气体在燃烧井处离开，并且燃烧前缘朝向探边井生长，与现场燃烧方法相反。在前缘靠近探边井之后，在该井处注入空气，原来的注入井转换成产油井，并且开始前向现场燃烧方法，其中燃烧前缘朝向原来的注入井移动，并且由原来的注入井产出。US Patent 3,515,212 (Allen et al.) discloses an in situ combustion method that incorporates forward and reverse in situ combustion between vertical wells. The injection well area is heated by steam to autoignition temperature, and air is injected from the side well and flows in the direction of the injection well. Combustion occurs when air enters the heated oil zone adjacent to the injection well. Combustion gases exit at the combustion well and the combustion front grows towards the edge well, as opposed to the in situ combustion method. After the front approaches the edge well, air is injected at the well, the original injection well is converted to a producing well, and a forward in situ combustion method is initiated, in which the combustion front moves toward and is removed from the original injection well. output.
美国专利4,566,537(Gussis)涉及诸如阿萨巴斯卡(Athabasca)沥青等不动油。在各竖直井之间连通的问题通过执行一系列蒸汽循环以加热注入井附近的油并产生空隙而得以克服。在第二阶段，空气在这些井中的一个处被注入到储层的高处，同时在另一个井中产生燃烧气体，从而建立了该储层顶部处的各井之间连通。现在，这使得能够在一个井的底部注入蒸汽，并在另一个井中产出石油。该方法不同于本发明的方法，其中，如以下所讨论的，本发明的方法利用重力排泄到水平生产井中，并且不需要蒸汽驱动阶段。另外，可以在同一口井中连续地去除油和燃烧气体。US Patent 4,566,537 (Gussis) relates to immobile oils such as Athabasca bitumen. The problem of communication between vertical wells is overcome by performing a series of steam cycles to heat the oil near the injection wells and create voids. In the second stage, air is injected at one of the wells high in the reservoir while combustion gases are produced in the other well, establishing communication between the wells at the top of the reservoir. This now enables the injection of steam at the bottom of one well and the production of oil in another. This method differs from the method of the present invention in that, as discussed below, the method of the present invention utilizes gravity drainage into a horizontal production well and does not require a steam drive stage. Additionally, oil and combustion gases can be removed continuously in the same well.
美国专利4,410,042(Shu)公开了一种利用纯氧进行现场燃烧早期阶段的方法。直到燃烧前缘达到距离所述注入井30英尺处，氧气才通过二氧化碳稀释。然后注入纯氧。相比之下，如本说明书中的发明内容部分所讨论的，本发明的方法不在任何阶段使用纯氧和二氧化碳的混合物。US Patent 4,410,042 (Shu) discloses a method of using pure oxygen for the early stages of in situ combustion. Oxygen was not diluted by carbon dioxide until the combustion front reached 30 feet from the injection well. Then inject pure oxygen. In contrast, as discussed in the Summary of the Invention section of this specification, the process of the present invention does not use a mixture of pure oxygen and carbon dioxide at any stage.
美国专利4,418,751(Emery)公开了一种现场燃烧的方法，其中将水注入含油储层的上部，与在底部附近注入的氧气隔开。水和燃烧气体在储层中混合，蒸发水分并且去除热量。本方法不需要或不采用同时注入氧气和水。事实上，将氧气注入储层底部处的水平井附近是非常危险的，因为氧气会进入井筒并在里面燃烧油，引起高温，该高温会危及井筒的完整性并且沉淀焦炭，所述焦炭会部分堵塞井筒。US Patent 4,418,751 (Emery) discloses a method of in situ combustion in which water is injected into the upper portion of an oil-bearing reservoir, separated from oxygen injected near the bottom. Water and combustion gases mix in the reservoir, evaporating the water and removing heat. The method does not require or employ simultaneous injection of oxygen and water. In fact, injecting oxygen near a horizontal well at the bottom of the reservoir is very dangerous because the oxygen enters the wellbore and burns the oil inside, causing high temperatures that can jeopardize the integrity of the wellbore and deposit coke, which can partially Block the wellbore.
美国专利4,493,369(Odeh等人)公开了与专利4,418,751基本相同的井和流体布置，即将氧化气体注入储层的底部的同时将水注入到储层的顶部。US Patent 4,493,369 (Odeh et al.) discloses substantially the same well and fluid arrangement as Patent 4,418,751, ie injecting oxidizing gas into the bottom of the reservoir while injecting water into the top of the reservoir.
美国专利5,456,315公开了一种现场燃烧方法，其中，将氧化气体注入竖直井中，该竖直井在含油储层的上部具有穿孔。各竖直井直接成排定位在位于储层底部的水平井的上方。这些井的定向与本方法相同。然而，美国专利5,456,315需要定位于水平生产井一侧并平行于该水平生产井的成排水平/竖直透气井，而各透气井又位于储层的顶部。透气井的目的是以与通过重力排泄到所述水平生产井中的液体分开的方式将燃烧气体采收到地面。如以下更充分描述的，本方法不使用独立的燃烧透气井，但是通过同一个水平井一起产生液体和气体，并且由此，仅需要一个水平生产井，因而只需要显著减少的高成本水平井。另外，如美国专利5,456,315所述的方法所做的，以与液体分开的方式采收燃烧气体会消除泄油区域内的对流传热，使得美国专利5,456,315所述的方法能量效率更低。特别地，通过抑制燃烧气体和液体的混合，美国专利5,456,315从与热油接触中去除了所产生的氢，使得现场氢化裂解的程度和现场油升级的程度大大降低。在燃烧气体占16%时去除二氧化碳会抑制如下所述本发明中的溶解能力，由此本发明更能够进一步减少油的粘性，并扩大排油区域，由此产生比美国专利5,456,315所公开的方法更高的产油率。US Patent 5,456,315 discloses an in situ combustion method in which oxidizing gas is injected into a vertical well having perforations in the upper part of the oil-bearing reservoir. Each vertical well is positioned in a row directly above the horizontal well at the bottom of the reservoir. The orientation of these wells is the same as in the present method. However, US Patent 5,456,315 requires rows of horizontal/vertical ventilation wells positioned to one side of and parallel to the horizontal production well, with each ventilation well being located at the top of the reservoir. The purpose of the vent well is to recover the combustion gases to the surface separately from the liquid which drains by gravity into the horizontal production well. As described more fully below, the present method does not use separate combustion vent wells, but produces liquids and gas together through the same horizontal well, and thus, requires only one horizontal production well, thus requiring significantly fewer high-cost horizontal wells . Additionally, recovering the combustion gases separately from the liquids, as done by the method described in US Patent 5,456,315, would eliminate convective heat transfer within the drainage region, making the method described in US Patent 5,456,315 less energy efficient. In particular, US Pat. No. 5,456,315 removes the generated hydrogen from contact with hot oil by inhibiting the mixing of combustion gases and liquids, so that the degree of in situ hydrocracking and the degree of in situ oil upgrading are greatly reduced. The removal of carbon dioxide at 16% combustion gas will inhibit the solvency in the present invention as described below, so that the present invention can further reduce the viscosity of the oil and expand the oil drainage area, thereby resulting in a method better than that disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,456,315 Higher oil production rate.
美国专利5,456,315所公开的通气井采收的另一个主要缺点是方法安全性问题，由于从储层内部燃烧过（以及有时正在燃烧）的气体中获得高温，所以通气井必须经过水冷。另外，由于所述气体注入井和通气井都位于储层的顶部，并且相互连通，所以氧气可能会与通气井中的烃液体或气体混合，使得在其中或在地面产生爆炸性混合物。Another major disadvantage of the vent well recovery disclosed in US Patent No. 5,456,315 is the safety of the method, since the vent wells must be water cooled due to the high temperatures obtained from the burned (and sometimes burning) gases inside the reservoir. In addition, since the gas injection wells and vent wells are located at the top of the reservoir and communicate with each other, oxygen may mix with the hydrocarbon liquid or gas in the vent wells, creating an explosive mixture therein or at the surface.
美国专利5,339,897(Leaute)公开了与专利5,456,315类似的由焦油砂生产烃的方法，其中竖直井定位于含油储层的顶部，位于水平生产井上方，并且第二竖直井安置成在储层顶部偏离第一竖直井并且侧向偏离水平生产井。两个竖直井之间的连通通过使用热流体而实现，然后氧化气体被注入生产井上方的井中，并且燃烧气体通过探边井被送出。热油向下排泄到生产井。另外，在专利5,339,897公开的方法中，将诸如过热蒸汽等裂化流体注入水平生产井上方的累积油中的做法会引发裂化反应。U.S. Patent 5,339,897 (Leaute) discloses a method for the production of hydrocarbons from tar sands similar to Patent 5,456,315, wherein a vertical well is positioned on top of an oil-bearing reservoir, above a horizontal production well, and a second vertical well is placed at the top of the reservoir The top is offset from the first vertical well and laterally from the horizontal production well. Communication between the two vertical wells is achieved using thermal fluid, then oxidizing gas is injected into the well above the production well, and combustion gas is sent out through the edge well. The hot oil drains down to the production well. Additionally, in the method disclosed in Patent 5,339,897, the practice of injecting a cracking fluid, such as superheated steam, into the accumulated oil above a horizontal production well induces the cracking reaction.
美国专利5,626,191(Greaves等人)公开了一种现场方法，其中，氧化气体注入井定位于安置在储层底部的水平生产井趾部附近的含油储层顶部的附近。半竖直的燃烧前缘产生、侧向延伸并且从生产井的井趾部朝向生产井的井跟部移动。油和气体一起排泄到同一个水平生产井中。如下所述，本发明比专利5,626,191有极大的改进，因为，如本发明，通过将注入井定位于沿水平生产井的中部或将多个注入井定位于生产井的上方，以适当的成本极大地提高了产油率以及油的升级程度。在此构造中，各注入井维持两个燃烧/排泄前缘而不仅仅是使用专利5,626,191时的一个。令人惊讶的是，燃烧/排泄前缘以相同的速率朝向生产井的井趾部和井跟部前进。美国专利5,626,191通过参见的方式合并入本文。US Patent 5,626,191 (Greaves et al.) discloses an in situ method in which an oxidizing gas injection well is positioned near the top of an oil-bearing reservoir near the toe of a horizontal production well placed at the bottom of the reservoir. A semi-vertical combustion front is created, extends laterally, and moves from the toe of the production well toward the heel of the production well. Oil and gas are drained together into the same horizontal production well. As described below, the present invention is a great improvement over Patent 5,626,191 because, as in the present invention, by locating the injection well midway along the horizontal production well or by locating multiple injection wells above the production well, at moderate cost Greatly increased the oil production rate and the upgrade degree of oil. In this configuration, each injection well maintains two combustion/drainage fronts rather than just one as with patent 5,626,191. Surprisingly, the combustion/drainage front progressed towards the toe and heel of the producing well at the same rate. US Patent 5,626,191 is incorporated herein by reference.
美国专利6,412,557(Ayasse等人)是对专利5,626,191的改进，其中，在水平生产井内部、上部和周围都安置催化剂以提高油的升级程度。美国专利6,412,557通过参见的方式合并入本文。US Patent 6,412,557 (Ayasse et al.) is an improvement on Patent 5,626,191 in which catalysts are placed in, on, and around horizontal production wells to increase the degree of oil upgrading. US Patent 6,412,557 is incorporated herein by reference.
美国专利7,493,952(Ayasse)公开了对专利5,626,191和专利6,412,557的改进，其中，在井趾部处将非氧化气体注入水平生产井中，以避免氧气进入，并且通过控制井筒中的温度和压力而提高该方法的安全性。美国专利7,493,952通过参见的方式合并入本文。U.S. Patent 7,493,952 (Ayasse) discloses an improvement over Patents 5,626,191 and 6,412,557 in that a non-oxidizing gas is injected into a horizontal production well at the toe of the well to avoid oxygen ingress, and the temperature and pressure in the wellbore are controlled to increase this. Method security. US Patent 7,493,952 is incorporated herein by reference.
美国专利公开20090308606(美国专利申请号12/280,832)(Ayasse)公开了对专利5,626,191和专利7,493,952的改进，其中，诸如石脑油或者其它烃溶液的稀释剂或者二氧化碳被注入延伸到水平生产井的井趾部的长管系中，以控制井筒压力和温度，并由于密度和粘性降低而方便了井筒油的流动。U.S. Patent Publication 20090308606 (U.S. Patent Application No. 12/280,832) (Ayasse) discloses an improvement over Patent 5,626,191 and Patent 7,493,952 in which a diluent such as naphtha or other hydrocarbon solution or carbon dioxide is injected into a well extending to a horizontal production well. In the long tubing system at the toe of the well to control the wellbore pressure and temperature, and facilitate the flow of wellbore oil due to the reduced density and viscosity.
美国专利公开20090200024(美国专利申请号12/068,881)(Ayasse等人)公开了类似于美国专利5,626,191的新方法，其中，将氧化气体注入水平井的井跟部附近，其中，所述水平井具有延伸到井趾部的管系。燃烧前缘通过运动从井跟部蔓延到井趾部。如以下更加充分地描述的那样，本发明的方法相比于美国专利5,626,191的优势是，不像美国专利5,626,191，不需要在井趾部附近钻较远的竖直注入井。而是，在本发明中，可以在诸如水平腿部的中部等远离井趾部的位置钻注入井。本方法相比于美国申请12/068,881的优势是单个注入井可以定位在水平生产井的井趾部和井跟部之间的中部，双向燃烧前缘将朝向井趾部和井跟部移动，而不必考虑如可能发生在美国申请12/068,881中的有关燃尽水平生产井的竖直部分，其中，空气注入点邻近或位于竖直部分处。与美国申请12/068,881一样，本发明也具有从水平井的井趾部定位竖直空气注入井（例如对于1000米的水平生产井腿部，在距离井趾部500米处定位）的优势，使得诸如由于在井趾部区域处的沼泽或湖引起的不能到达地面的情况不会妨碍在该处钻竖直井，也不会妨碍储层的开采。U.S. Patent Publication 20090200024 (U.S. Patent Application No. 12/068,881) (Ayasse et al.) discloses a novel method similar to U.S. Patent 5,626,191 in which an oxidizing gas is injected near the heel of a horizontal well having Piping extending to the toe of a well. The combustion front propagates from the heel to the toe of the well by motion. As described more fully below, an advantage of the method of the present invention over US Patent 5,626,191 is that, unlike US Patent 5,626,191, no vertical injection well needs to be drilled farther near the toe of the well. Rather, in the present invention, the injection well may be drilled at a location away from the toe of the well, such as in the middle of the horizontal leg. The advantage of this method over U.S. application 12/068,881 is that a single injection well can be positioned midway between the toe and heel of a horizontal production well, the bi-directional combustion front will move towards the toe and heel, It is not necessary to consider burnout of the vertical section of the horizontal production well as may occur in US application 12/068,881, where the air injection point is adjacent to or at the vertical section. Like US application 12/068,881, the present invention also has the advantage of locating the vertical air injection well from the toe of the horizontal well (e.g. 500 meters from the toe for a 1000 meter horizontal production well leg), Such that inaccessibility to the surface, such as due to swamps or lakes at the toe area of the well, does not prevent the vertical well from being drilled there, nor the production of the reservoir.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明涉及使用现场燃烧、利用至少一个氧化气体注入井和独立的水平井从地下储层采收粘性烃的改进方法，具体地，涉及不使用独立的额外通气井，而使用位于形成部低处的水平井筒来不仅采收热油而且采收热的燃烧气体以在随后将两者产出到地面的改进方法，其中，油随后与高温燃烧气体分离。The present invention relates to an improved method of recovering viscous hydrocarbons from subterranean reservoirs using in situ combustion, utilizing at least one oxidizing gas injection well and a separate horizontal well, and in particular, involves the use of An improved method of recovering not only hot oil but also hot combustion gases from a horizontal wellbore for subsequent production of both to the surface, wherein the oil is subsequently separated from the high temperature combustion gases.
在仅使用一个竖直注入井的本发明的实施例中，该竖直注入井被设置在储层的上部，并在储层的上部处完成，以将含氧气体注入储层以支持其中的现场燃烧。这样的竖直注入井位于水平井上方并且大约在沿所述水平井的中点处，在将氧化气体通过注入井注入储层并点燃靠近这种竖直注入井的该储层中的烃时，靠近该竖直注入井产生燃烧前缘，所述燃烧前缘从注入井沿相互相对的方向向外传播，每个相互相对的方向沿着水平井并侧向于水平井。高温燃烧气体和热油从成烃部向下牵引并且在水平井内被采收，然后通过该水平井一起产出到地面，在地面处，使用多相分离器、涡流分流技术或本领域普通技术人员已知的其它技术将热的燃烧气体与油分离，另外，如果需要，热的燃烧气体用于加热水以产生蒸汽，以优选地用于驱动蒸汽轮机发电。可替换地，包含诸如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、一氧化碳、氢气和硫化氢等可燃成分的燃烧气体可以在地面燃烧以通过蒸汽轮机或燃气轮机发电。在具有通气井的方法中，这些气体在储层的上段燃烧，且必须被冷却以保护通气井不受热损害，使得能量被浪费了。In an embodiment of the invention using only one vertical injection well, the vertical injection well is placed and completed at the upper portion of the reservoir to inject oxygen-containing gas into the reservoir to support the Burning on site. Such a vertical injection well is located above and approximately midway along the horizontal well when oxidizing gas is injected through the injection well into the reservoir and ignites hydrocarbons in the reservoir adjacent to such a vertical injection well , adjacent to the vertical injection well produces a combustion front that propagates outward from the injection well in mutually opposite directions, each mutually opposite direction along and laterally to the horizontal well. High-temperature combustion gas and hot oil are pulled down from the hydrocarbon-forming part and recovered in the horizontal well, and then produced together to the surface through the horizontal well. Other techniques known to the person separate the hot combustion gases from the oil and, if necessary, the hot combustion gases are used to heat water to generate steam, preferably for driving a steam turbine to generate electricity. Alternatively, combustion gases containing combustible components such as methane, ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide can be burned at ground level to generate electricity via steam or gas turbines. In methods with vent wells, these gases are burned in the upper section of the reservoir and must be cooled to protect the vent wells from heat damage, so that energy is wasted.
相似地，在使用多个沿水平井方向对齐并延伸的竖直氧化气体注入井的本发明方法的优选实施例中，每个竖直氧化气体注入井在水平井筒上方完成，并且沿水平井筒以合适的距离隔开，在每个注入井处，产生热的燃烧气体的双燃烧前缘和泄油，所述燃烧前缘沿相互相对的方向从竖直注入井朝向水平井的井趾部和井跟部、沿水平井筒以大体垂直于水平井筒的方向传播，并且通过成烃部。Similarly, in a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention using a plurality of vertical oxidizing gas injection wells aligned and extending in the direction of the horizontal well, each vertical oxidizing gas injection well is completed above the horizontal wellbore and along the horizontal wellbore at Spaced apart by a suitable distance, at each injection well, a dual combustion front of hot combustion gases and drain is produced, the combustion fronts moving in mutually opposite directions from the vertical injection well towards the toe of the horizontal well and The heel of the well, propagates along the horizontal wellbore in a direction generally perpendicular to the horizontal wellbore, and passes through the hydrocarbon-forming section.
例如，5个氧化气体注入井将会产生十（10）个流体排泄前缘，此以较低的额外成本提供了较高的产油率。For example, five oxidizing gas injection wells will produce ten (10) fluid drainage fronts, which provides higher oil production rates at lower additional cost.
显著地，如果水平井的水平腿部的内径太小，那么井筒液压（hydraulics）会干扰燃烧前缘前进的对称性——燃烧前缘沿水平生产井的井跟部方向前进会比朝向井趾部更快，因此降低了该方法的效率，并且以相互相对的方向同时沿水平井等量前进的对称性将会失去，更重要地是在朝向井趾部前进的方向上变慢了。Significantly, if the inside diameter of the horizontal leg of a horizontal well is too small, wellbore hydraulics can disturb the symmetry of the combustion front progression - the combustion front advances more along the heel of the horizontal production well than towards the toe The lower part is faster, thus reducing the efficiency of the method, and the symmetry of simultaneous advances in equal amounts in opposite directions along the horizontal well will be lost, and more importantly the direction of progress towards the toe of the well will be slowed down.
因此，在水平井位于大约400米的储层附近并且水平井在此深度处具有相应井筒液压的本发明方法的另一优选实施例中，生产井的水平腿部的内径应当大于3英寸，使得维持燃烧前缘前进的对称性，优选地大于5英寸，且最优选地大于7英寸，以允许生产井有足够大的直径。Therefore, in another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention where the horizontal well is located near the reservoir at about 400 meters and the horizontal well has corresponding wellbore hydraulic pressure at this depth, the inner diameter of the horizontal leg of the production well should be greater than 3 inches such that The symmetry of the advancement of the combustion front is maintained, preferably greater than 5 inches, and most preferably greater than 7 inches, to allow production wells of sufficiently large diameter.
本发明也考虑了这样的方法，即，在此方法中，多个竖直氧化气体井可以在水平井筒上方沿水平井筒的路线完成，并且起初将氧化气体注入位于水平井大致中部的所述竖直注入井之一处的形成部，并且在该形成部附近形成燃烧前缘，该燃烧前缘沿水平井以相互相对的方向前进。在燃烧前缘经由其它的竖直氧化气体注入井沿相互相对的方向前进一段给定的距离后，在该初始注入井的各相对侧处上可以进一步将氧化气体注入所述其它的注入井中的一个或每一个，使得保持燃烧并允许燃烧前缘继续沿水平井筒前进。The present invention also contemplates a method in which a plurality of vertical oxidizing gas wells may be completed along the route of a horizontal wellbore above a horizontal wellbore, and the oxidizing gas is initially injected into said vertical wells approximately in the middle of the horizontal wellbore. Injection is directed into a formation at one of the wells, and a combustion front is formed adjacent to the formation, the combustion fronts proceeding in opposite directions along the horizontal well. After the combustion front has advanced a given distance in mutually opposite directions via the other vertical oxidizing gas injection wells, further oxidizing gas may be injected into the other vertical injection wells on opposite sides of the initial injection well. One or each, such that combustion is maintained and the combustion front is allowed to continue progressing down the horizontal wellbore.
有利地，通过使用水平井筒以向下牵引加热油和热的燃烧气体，并将加热油和热的燃烧气体（氧已耗尽）都产出到地面，逐渐实现以下优势，即：Advantageously, by using a horizontal wellbore to draw heating oil and hot combustion gases down and produce both heating oil and hot combustion gases (oxygen depleted) to the surface, the following advantages are progressively realized, namely:
（i）与加热油一起被牵引到水平生产井中的热的燃烧气体用于保持所述油持续被加热并且由此不仅提高来自成烃部的油的收采率，而且确保了加热油的粘性保持较低，因此所述油可以使用气“举”被升举到地面，消除了使用泵的必要性；(i) The hot combustion gas drawn into the horizontal production well along with the heating oil is used to keep the oil continuously heated and thereby not only enhance the recovery of oil from the hydrocarbon forming section but also ensure the viscosity of the heating oil Stays low so the oil can be lifted to the surface using gas "lifts", eliminating the need to use pumps;
（ii）只需要钻更少的井，具体地，不需要如某些现有技术中的方法一样必须钻通气井来分别采收和排出热的燃烧气体；(ii) Fewer wells need to be drilled, specifically, vent wells need not be drilled to recover and exhaust hot combustion gases separately, as in some prior art methods;
（iii）然后，热的燃烧气体可以在地面用以加热水，以产生蒸汽，蒸汽可以用于加热和/或驱动蒸汽轮机而发电，并由此产生能量，否则这些能量可能会失去，而在此方法中能够充分利用这些能量。(iii) The hot combustion gases can then be used at the surface to heat water to produce steam which can be used to heat and/or drive a steam turbine to generate electricity and thereby generate energy that would otherwise be lost in the These energies can be fully utilized in this method.
（iv）因为更高的油温以及储层中油与此方法中产生的氢的结合，所以会实现油的升级。(iv) Oil upgrading will be achieved due to higher oil temperature and combination of oil in the reservoir with hydrogen produced in this process.
特别地，关于上述优势（ii），通过将竖直注入井靠近水平井的中部定位并且通过以两个相互相对的方向沿所述水平井筒传播燃烧前缘，此方法允许比通过美国专利5,626,191（燃烧前缘“从井趾部到井跟部”传播）或者美国专利7,493,952（燃烧前缘“从井跟部到井趾部”传播）中公开的方法能更快地采收油，其中，美国专利5,626,191或美国专利7,493,952仅使得燃烧前缘沿水平井筒以单一方向前进。In particular, with respect to advantage (ii) above, by locating the vertical injection well near the middle of the horizontal well and by propagating the combustion front along the horizontal wellbore in two mutually opposite faster oil recovery by methods disclosed in US Patent No. 7,493,952 (combustion front propagating "heel to toe"), of which, U.S. Patent 5,626,191 or US Patent 7,493,952 only advance the combustion front in a single direction along the horizontal wellbore.
另外，通过将低于破裂压力的含氧气体经由注入井注入，并且围绕向上延伸到储层冠岩、向下朝向水平生产井延伸（但未到达）的注入井建立含氧气体区域，以及建立沿水平生产井同时朝向水平生产井的井趾部和井跟部的方向扩散并垂直于水平井的行程扩散的水、油和燃烧气体排泄前缘，加热的油和水以及加热的燃烧气体在重力和压力的影响下可全部排泄，并且还可以在水平井中被收采而没有氧气或氧化气体，从而大大地降低了爆炸的可能性。与通过独立的通气井将气体排出的方法相比，本发明的方法保存了有价值的可燃烧成分以产出到地面，而不是在储层中将其燃烧（那样会浪费热量），该方法使用所生成的氢中的一些来氢化裂解热油，从而产生稳定的局部升级的油。Additionally, oxygen-containing gas zones are created by injecting oxygen-containing gas below the fracture pressure through injection wells, and creating zones around injection wells that extend up into the reservoir cap rock, down toward (but do not reach) horizontal production wells, and establish The drainage front of water, oil and combustion gas that diffuses along the direction of the toe and heel of the horizontal production well and perpendicular to the stroke of the horizontal well, the heated oil and water and the heated combustion gas It is fully drainable under the influence of gravity and pressure, and can also be recovered in horizontal wells without oxygen or oxidizing gases, greatly reducing the possibility of explosion. Compared to venting the gas through a separate vent well, the method of the present invention preserves valuable combustible components for production to the surface, rather than burning them in the reservoir (which wastes heat), the method Some of the generated hydrogen is used to hydrocrack the hot oil, resulting in a stable locally upgraded oil.
由此，在本发明方法的一个广泛的方面中，所述方法包括用以降低包含在含油储层中的油的粘性并从所述储层中采收所述油和燃烧气体的改进的现场燃烧方法，所述方法不使用一个或多个独立的燃烧气体通气井，所述方法包括：Thus, in a broad aspect of the method of the present invention, the method includes an improved in situ method for reducing the viscosity of oil contained in an oil-bearing reservoir and recovering the oil and combustion gases from the reservoir. A combustion method that does not use one or more separate combustion gas vent wells, the method comprising:
（a）提供至少一个生产井，所述生产井具有向下延伸到所述储层中的大体竖直部，并具有与所述竖直部流体连通、并从所述竖直部水平向外延伸的水平腿部，所述水平腿部在储层中相对较低处完成；(a) providing at least one production well having a generally vertical portion extending downwardly into the reservoir and having a vertical portion in fluid communication with and horizontally outward from the vertical portion an extended horizontal leg completed relatively low in the reservoir;
（b）提供至少一个注入井，所述注入井位于所述水平腿部的相对两端的中间区域并且所述注入井相对于所述水平腿部间隔开，且大体直接定位在所述水平腿部的上方，以将氧化气体注入所述水平腿部上方的所述储层，并且在所述水平腿部的两个相互相对的端部的中间区域中；(b) providing at least one injection well located midway between opposite ends of said horizontal leg and said injection well being spaced relative to said horizontal leg and positioned generally directly on said horizontal leg to inject oxidizing gas into said reservoir above said horizontal leg and in the intermediate region between two mutually opposite ends of said horizontal leg;
（c）将处于低于破裂压力的氧化气体通过所述至少一个注入井而注入，并且开始在靠近所述注入井的所述储层中燃烧烃，从而建立位于所述水平腿部上方的至少一个或多个燃烧前缘，所述一个或多个燃烧前缘使得在所述储层中的油的粘性降低并且向下排泄到所述水平腿部中；(c) injecting oxidizing gas at a pressure below the fracture pressure through said at least one injection well and beginning to burn hydrocarbons in said reservoir proximate to said injection well, thereby establishing at least one or more combustion fronts that cause oil in the reservoir to become less viscous and drain downwardly into the horizontal leg;
（d）允许高温燃烧气体和粘性降低的所述油一起采收在所述水平腿部中；以及(d) allowing high temperature combustion gases to be recovered in said horizontal leg together with said oil of reduced viscosity; and
（e）将所述高温气体和所述油产出到地面；以及(e) producing said high temperature gas and said oil to the surface; and
（f）在地面或者在所述水平井的井跟部将所述油和所述高温燃烧气体分离。(f) separating said oil from said high temperature combustion gases at the surface or at the heel of said horizontal well.
在以上方法的第一个改进中，所述至少一个注入井包括沿所述水平井的长度并且在其相互相对的端部的中间位置从地面朝向所述水平腿部向下延伸定位的至少一个竖直注入井，并且在注入氧化气体并点燃氧化气体时，所述注入井将所述氧化气体供应到至少两个燃烧前缘，所述燃烧前缘各自沿相反的方向从所述竖直注入井向外移动并沿所述生产井的所述水平腿部的方向移动。In a first refinement of the above method, said at least one injection well comprises at least one injection well positioned extending downwardly from the surface towards said horizontal leg along the length of said horizontal well and midway between its mutually opposite ends. a vertical injection well, and when the oxidizing gas is injected and ignited, the injection well supplies the oxidizing gas to at least two combustion fronts each in opposite directions from the vertical injection The well moves outward and in the direction of the horizontal leg of the production well.
在第二可替换改进中，所述至少一个注入井包括位于所述生产井的所述水平腿部上方并沿所述生产井的所述水平腿部延伸的水平井，用以在所述生产井的所述水平腿部上方注入所述氧化气体。In a second alternative improvement, said at least one injection well includes a horizontal well located above and extending along said horizontal leg of said production well for The oxidizing gas is injected over the horizontal leg of the well.
可替换地，在本发明方法的另一广泛方面中，所述方法包括一种用以降低包含在含油储层中的油的粘性并从形成部中采收粘性降低的所述油的改进的现场燃烧方法，所述方法不使用一个或多个独立的燃烧气体通气井，所述方法还包括：Alternatively, in another broad aspect of the method of the present invention, the method includes an improved method for reducing the viscosity of oil contained in an oil-bearing reservoir and recovering the reduced viscosity oil from a formation. An in situ combustion method that does not use one or more separate combustion gas vent wells, the method further comprising:
（a）钻至少一个生产井，所述生产井具有向下延伸到所述储层中的大体竖直部，并具有与所述竖直部流体连通、并从所述竖直部水平向外延伸的水平腿部，所述水平腿部在储层中相对较低处完成；(a) drilling at least one production well having a generally vertical portion extending downwardly into said reservoir and having a vertical portion in fluid communication with and horizontally outward from said vertical portion. an extended horizontal leg completed relatively low in the reservoir;
（b）钻至少一个注入井，所述注入井直接定位于所述水平腿部上方并与所述水平腿部大体对齐，并且在所述水平腿部的相对端的中间区域定位或延伸；(b) drilling at least one injection well positioned directly above and generally aligned with said horizontal leg and positioned or extending midway between opposite ends of said horizontal leg;
（c）通过沿所述水平井筒定位的每个所述竖直井将氧化气体注入所述储层；(c) injecting oxidizing gas into said reservoir through each of said vertical wells positioned along said horizontal wellbore;
（d）在靠近所述注入井的所述储层中开始现场燃烧，以形成至少一对竖直延伸的燃烧前缘，所述燃烧前缘沿所述水平腿部以相反的方向侧向前进，所述燃烧前缘使得在所述形成部中的油的粘性降低，并向下排泄到所述水平腿部中；(d) commencing in situ combustion in said reservoir adjacent to said injection well to form at least a pair of vertically extending combustion fronts progressing laterally in opposite directions along said horizontal legs , the combustion front makes the oil in the formation less viscous and drains down into the horizontal leg;
（e）在所述水平腿部中采收高温燃烧气体和粘性降低的所述油；以及(e) recovery of high temperature combustion gases and reduced viscosity of said oil in said horizontal leg; and
（f）将所述高温气体和油同时产出到地面；以及(f) producing said hot gas and oil simultaneously to the surface; and
（g）在地面或者在所述水平井的井跟部处将所述油和所述高温气体分离。(g) separating said oil from said high temperature gas at the surface or at the heel of said horizontal well.
在仅沿水平井的中部定位的竖直注入井处开始燃烧的其它实施例中，当大体竖直的所述燃烧前缘沿所述水平井筒侧向前进并经过其它竖直注入井时，氧化气体被注入位于所述连续的其它竖直注入井处的所述储层，以加速竖直燃烧前缘沿所述水平井以两个方向的运动。In other embodiments where combustion begins at vertical injection wells positioned only along the middle of a horizontal well, the oxidation Gas is injected into the reservoir at the succession of other vertical injection wells to accelerate the movement of the vertical combustion front in both directions along the horizontal wells.
在又一实施例中，所述改进的现场燃烧方法（所述方法不使用一个或多个独立的燃烧气体通气井）包括：In yet another embodiment, the improved in situ combustion method (the method does not use one or more separate combustion gas wells) comprises:
（a）提供至少一个生产井，所述生产井具有向下延伸到所述储层中的大体竖直部，并具有与所述竖直部流体连通、并从所述竖直部水平向外延伸的水平腿部，所述水平腿部在储层中相对较低处完成；(a) providing at least one production well having a generally vertical portion extending downwardly into the reservoir and having a vertical portion in fluid communication with and horizontally outward from the vertical portion an extended horizontal leg completed relatively low in the reservoir;
（b）提供多个直接定位在所述水平腿部上方并与所述水平腿部大体对齐的多个竖直注入井，所述竖直注入井朝向所述水平腿部向下延伸；(b) providing a plurality of vertical injection wells positioned directly above and generally aligned with said horizontal leg, said vertical injection wells extending downwardly towards said horizontal leg;
（c）将氧化气体通过所述竖直井中的至少两个注入所述储层；(c) injecting oxidizing gas into said reservoir through at least two of said vertical wells;
（d）在靠近所述至少两垂直注入井的所述储层中开始现场燃烧，从而在每个所述注入井处形成一对竖直延伸的燃烧前缘，所述燃烧前缘沿所述水平腿部以相反的方向从所述至少两个竖直注入井中的每一个向外侧向前进，所述燃烧前缘使得所述形成部中的油的粘性降低，并向下排泄到所述水平腿部中；(d) initiating in situ combustion in said reservoir adjacent to said at least two vertical injection wells, thereby forming a pair of vertically extending combustion fronts at each of said injection wells, said combustion fronts extending along said horizontal legs progress outwardly in opposite directions from each of said at least two vertical injection wells, said combustion front causing oil in said formation to become less viscous and drain down to said horizontal in the legs;
（e）在所述水平腿部中采收高温燃烧气体和粘性降低的所述油；以及(e) recovery of high temperature combustion gases and reduced viscosity of said oil in said horizontal leg; and
（f）此后，将所述高温气体和油同时产出到地面；以及(f) Thereafter, producing said hot gas and oil simultaneously to the surface; and
（g）在地面将所述油与所述高温气体分离。(g) separating said oil from said hot gas at the surface.
在上面刚描述的方法的另一改进中，所述大致竖直的燃烧前缘沿所述水平井筒侧向前进经过所述多个注入井中的另一个时，在所述多个注入井中的所述另一个处将氧化气体注入所述储层。In another refinement of the method immediately above, said substantially vertical combustion front advances laterally along said horizontal wellbore past another one of said plurality of injection wells at all of said plurality of injection wells. Injecting an oxidizing gas into the reservoir at the other location described above.
可选择地，循环地或直接地用通过注入井和生产井的蒸汽刺激储层可以在开始现场燃烧之前起初地执行，以建立注入井和所述水平产油井之间的流体连通，以当现场燃烧开始时更好地确保加热的燃烧气体和加热油的流动。可选择地，点燃油的操作可以通过注入亚麻籽油或其它通过空气孔容易地点燃到储层中的流体的已知技术而实现或辅助实现。Alternatively, stimulation of the reservoir with steam cyclically or directly through the injection and production wells may be performed initially prior to commencing in situ combustion to establish fluid communication between the injection wells and the horizontal production wells for when in situ The flow of heated combustion gases and heating oil is better ensured at the start of combustion. Alternatively, the operation of igniting the oil may be accomplished or assisted by injection of linseed oil or other known techniques that readily ignite fluids into the reservoir through the air holes.
（i）应当注意的是，本发明的方法有利地包括以下特征并且其特征在于：液相物质和气相物质没有分开产出，因为它们都进入了在储层底部附近的低处完成的同一生产井（即，水平井）；(i) It should be noted that the method of the present invention advantageously includes the following features and is characterized in that the liquid phase and the gaseous phase are not produced separately because they both enter the same production done at a low point near the bottom of the reservoir Wells (i.e., horizontal wells);
（ii）当使用空气作为氧化气体时，由于水平井的深度以及高温气体进入水平生产井，所述水平井中的高的气/油比率确保了自然气举在压力衰竭的储层中是有效的，使得不必使用泵，从而减少了方法的复杂性并降低了成本；(ii) When using air as the oxidizing gas, the high gas/oil ratio in the horizontal wells ensures that natural gas lift is effective in pressure-depleted reservoirs due to the depth of the horizontal wells and the high temperature gas entering the horizontal production wells , making pumps unnecessary, reducing process complexity and cost;
（iii）作为所述油和燃烧气体（有时是水和/或蒸汽）一起流入水平井筒中的直接结果是：实现了高的能量效率，因为所有燃烧热量以对流的方式传递到储层中的泄油区域内部和前方，因此，由于从燃烧气体到油的能量传递而使得流体的粘性最大程度地降低，并且最大化了产油率。空气-油比率也降低了，反映了与用不同的井将气体和流体分开产出的情况相比能量效率提高了。(iii) As a direct result of the flow of the oil and combustion gases (sometimes water and/or steam) together into the horizontal wellbore: a high energy efficiency is achieved because all the heat of combustion is convectively transferred into the reservoir Inside and ahead of the oil drainage area, therefore, the viscosity of the fluid is minimized due to the energy transfer from the combustion gases to the oil and the oil production rate is maximized. The air-to-oil ratio is also reduced, reflecting improved energy efficiency compared to the case where gas and fluids are produced separately from different wells.
（iv）燃烧气体和烃液体的共同产出也提高了产油率，因为燃烧气体中存在的二氧化碳在排泄前缘之前渗入油中，并且作为稀释剂起作用，以进一步减少油的粘性并方便油排泄到水平井中。而且，在燃烧气体中的二氧化碳在冷油中具有最高的溶解度，使得由于二氧化碳在冷油中的溶解，排泄区域变得更宽。(iv) The co-production of combustion gases and hydrocarbon liquids also increases the oil production rate as the carbon dioxide present in the combustion gases permeates into the oil before the drain front and acts as a diluent to further reduce the viscosity of the oil and facilitate The oil drains into a horizontal well. Also, carbon dioxide in combustion gas has the highest solubility in cold oil, so that the drainage area becomes wider due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in cold oil.
（iv）在排泄区域以及井筒中氢与流动热油的混合能够产生氢化裂解，并且部分地升级所述油；(iv) the mixing of hydrogen with flowing hot oil in the drainage zone and wellbore can produce hydrocracking and partially upgrade the oil;
（v）在本方法中需要低的空气注入压力，因为燃烧气体与邻近的水平生产井直接连通，最多相距油区厚度的距离。(v) Low air injection pressures are required in this method because the combustion gases are in direct communication with adjacent horizontal production wells, at most the distance through the thickness of the reservoir.
附图说明Description of drawings
在附图中示出了本发明的示例性实施例：Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings:
图1是含油储层的剖视图，示出了用于执行本发明方法的井的布置，该剖视图是同时沿竖直注入井和水平/竖直生产井对剖切而得到的。覆盖岩层位于含油储层上，竖直氧化气体注入井以及用以生产油的竖直/水平井对定位在含油储层内；Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an oil-bearing reservoir showing the arrangement of wells for carrying out the method of the present invention, the cross-sectional view being taken simultaneously along a vertical injection well pair and a horizontal/vertical production well pair. The overburden is located on the oil-bearing reservoir, and the vertical oxidizing gas injection well and the vertical/horizontal well pair to produce oil are positioned within the oil-bearing reservoir;
图2是图1示出的含油储层沿平面B-B剖切的剖视图，其中水平生产井以剖视图的方式示出；Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the oil-bearing reservoir shown in Fig. 1 along the plane B-B, wherein the horizontal production well is shown in a cross-sectional view;
图3是以数字模拟的方式得到的图1所示含油储层的部分透明的俯视图；Fig. 3 is a partially transparent top view of the oil-bearing reservoir shown in Fig. 1 obtained by digital simulation;
图4是与图1相似的含油储层的剖视图，其示出了本发明的方法的变型，其中，多个氧化气体注入井用以使燃烧前缘沿两个相反的方向前进；以及Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an oil-bearing reservoir similar to Figure 1 showing a variation of the method of the present invention in which multiple oxidizing gas injection wells are used to advance the combustion front in two opposite directions; and
图5与图1类似，但是其使用5个气体注入井作为同时工作的注入井。Figure 5 is similar to Figure 1, but it uses 5 gas injection wells as injection wells operating simultaneously.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参照图1，图1所示含油储层20典型地由覆盖岩层1所覆盖，优选地，所述覆盖岩层1由足够厚以基本能够防止气流渗透的页岩和冠岩组成，使得所注入的含氧气体22容纳在含油储层20内。Referring to FIG. 1, an oil-bearing
根据本发明的方法，至少一个竖直氧化气体注入井6a从地面30向下钻入储层20的上部，并且所述竖直氧化气体注入井6a穿有孔，使得允许在含油储层20顶部附近将氧化气体22注入储层20，所述氧化气体在注入井6a内通过压缩器71a被压缩并被压迫。According to the method of the present invention, at least one vertical oxidizing
设置具有竖直井部分10和水平井部分8的水平/竖直生产井对9。水平井部分8在储层20的下部完成，且优选地基本延伸穿过含油储层20的长度或者其一部分，其中，期望通过本发明的方法从含油储层20的该部分采收油。该水平井的外壳可以穿有如图1和图4所示的孔，或者可以包括如给本受让人——亚康科技股份有限公司的PCT/CA中所示出及所教示的多孔筛、窄缝或者商标为
1FacsRiteTM是斯伦贝谢有限公司（ShlumbergerInc.）用于生产井的筛砂机的商标。1 FacsRite™ is a trademark of Shlumberger Inc. for sand screens used in production wells.
根据本发明的方法，至少一个氧化气体注射井6a定位在沿水平井筒8中部的上方并沿水平井筒8的大致中部处（即，其中如图1所示，距离“d1”与距离“d2”基本相等），尽管其精确位置可以基于已知储层的差异性或其它因素而改变。According to the method of the present invention, at least one oxidizing
在优选实施例中，开始并执行本发明采收油的方法中的第一步是建立竖直注入井6a和水平生产井8之间的流体连通，使得氧化气体22可以更容易地注入储层20，并且热油3和燃烧气体5可以通过水平/竖直井对9而从储层20被移除。初始时，蒸汽（未示出）可以循环或持续地注入竖直井6a，也可以从地面注入水平井8，并且在其中循环以加热水平井8并增加其中的热油3的移动性。开始注入的蒸汽的压力大小不足以强迫大量的蒸汽直接通过储层20并进入水平井8，而仅足以有助于将储层20中处于该辅助压力下的粘性液体在储层20中向下排泄到更低压的区域，即水平井8的区域，水平井8从该区域将流体移除，藉此产生压力相对更低的区域，由此建立沿此方向的流体流动。对于在某些储层条件下不能移动的油3，蒸汽也可以连续的方式通过注入井6a而注入，其依赖于储层扩张以达到蒸汽注入量。当油3是如此的粘以致于不能在储层20中移动时，对水平生产井8进行预热会防止油3在水平井8中凝固并妨碍生产，特别地，如可能发生的，当生产井8必须关闭时，则会对地面油处理设施造成困难。该预热方法可以通过从水平井8的井趾部40到井跟部42循环水平腿8中的蒸汽而得以执行。该循环通过以下方式实现，即，将长管系（未示出）放置在水平井8中，以将借助该管系流动的蒸汽注入井趾部40并借助该管系与水平井外壳8之间的环形空间而返回到井跟部42，然后到达地面30。一旦在注入井6a和水平生产井8之间建立了流体连通，例如空气、富氧空气、富二氧化碳空气或者氧气－二氧化碳混合物等含氧气体通过如图1所示的注入井6a注入储层20。首先，使用相对适当的通气量，但该流量倾斜上升到目标最大值，而同时保持由放置在井筒中的一串热电偶检测到的井筒温度低于大约350°C。在开始注入氧化气体之后，诸如二氧化碳等燃烧副产品将会在地面出现在所产生的气体中，表示储层中已实现燃烧。In a preferred embodiment, the first step in initiating and performing the method of oil recovery of the present invention is to establish fluid communication between the
预热竖直注入井6a附近的储层20有第二个重要的目的，因为在蒸汽温度下的油通常能够自燃，并能够启动燃烧以及生产油的过程。其也降低了竖直注入井附近的砂的油饱和度，此用以减少燃烧放热的强度并防止过度加热该注入井。Preheating the
在现场燃烧过程开始时，如果氧化气体22接触形成部20中的油3，那么会发生燃烧反应并立刻在燃烧前缘50后面的区域4中产生焦炭，如图1至图4所示。其后，焦炭是唯一消耗的燃料，在消耗后，剩下燃尽区2，如图1至图4所示。在区域4（参见图1至图4）中，焦炭由分散在砂粒中的小的碳质颗粒组成。在实验室反应器以及包括阿萨巴斯卡沥青的炼油厂焦炭中测得的氢/碳的比率通常为1.13。包含焦炭颗粒的砂保持对气体基本可渗透，使得氧化气体22和所产生的燃烧气体4可以容易地流过，接触冷油并且传递热量。对流油加热是如此地广泛以致于由于在焦炭燃烧过程中产生的高温以及所生成的氢的存在而发生油的加氢裂化。在燃烧机制和排泄前缘方面，本方法的运作与
有利地，在本发明的方法中，通过水平/竖直井对10去除热的燃烧气体5，使得允许实现比诸如美国专利5,456,315的方法等现有技术更显著的优势，其中，现有技术依赖于放置在储层上游段中的额外井4（参见美国专利5,456,315的图2）以去除这些燃烧气体。不利地，在美国专利5,456,315中所示的这些现有技术方法大大地降低了提供从热的燃烧气体到油的对流传热的能力，并且更不利地，这样的现有技术方法去除了所产生的用以加氢裂化的氢以及还用以有利地减少油粘性的二氧化碳溶剂。主要依赖于对流传热的该现有技术方法能源效率低，且产油率比本发明的方法低。在本发明的方法中，建立了流体排泄区15，并且热升级后的油3（以及水/蒸汽（未显示））和燃烧气体5向下流动并进入水平井8，以一起传送到地面30。随着该方法的进行，与注入的含氧气体Advantageously, in the method of the present invention, the
2THAITM是亚伯达省卡尔加里市（Calgary）的亚康科技有限公司的注册商标，用于从石油形成物中强化采油的具体专利方法/技术的许可服务。22最近的焦炭层4的外部逐渐燃烧，新鲜焦炭留在热的燃烧气体首先接触油的地方。在此操作中，储层油3从未遇到氧气，使得充氧有机物未能形成，并且所产生的油乳剂容易进入位于地面的油处理设施。在流体排泄区15外的油3基本保持未加热，直至排泄区15和燃烧前缘50前进。对于包含可移动油的储层20，远离燃烧排泄前缘15的未加热原油3与在水平井8中的加氢裂化油3混合以降低整体的升级程度。然而，对于可移动油储层，由于整个水平井筒在井的整个寿命内都是可生产的，所以油生产率是上升的。在整个储层20中，被注入氧化气体的区域通过油3的层24而保持与水平井隔离，避免氧化气体（如氧气）进入水平井8。该层24由从侧向膨胀燃烧前缘50排泄并在储层20的底部流入水平井8的热升级油3而供给。如本发明的方法进行的，从保护层24进入水平井8的油3的体积相对于与燃烧气体5一起排泄的油3的体积增大了（参见图1和图4，层24的体积增加）。2 THAITM is a registered trademark of Acon Technologies, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, for licensing services of specific patented methods/technologies for enhanced oil recovery from petroleum formations. 22 The outer part of the
图2是沿含油储层20的面B-B剖切的剖视图，以及图1所示的本方法，与图1中相同的部分用相同的标记表示。该图示出了如何在水平井上形成保护性的油层。Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along plane B-B of an oil-bearing
图3是本方法的俯视图，其示出了含油储层20、燃烧区域2、焦炭燃料储存区4和流体排泄区15。含氧气体注入井6a位于含油储层20的上部，生产井对9的水平部分8位于储层20的底部。水平/竖直井对9的竖直部分10在生产井9的井跟部42处连接到水平部分8并且该竖直部分10连接到地面油处理设施（未示出）。虽然流体排泄区15在两个点17、18处与水平井8交叉，但是所有生产的油3都在水平井8的内部朝向水平井8的井跟部42移动。令人惊奇的是，注入井6a的伸入部和进入水平井8的泄油入口点17、18之间的距离在整个方法的运行中保持大体相等。人们可能会以为朝向水平井8的井跟部42移动的排泄区15的部分（入口点）18会比朝向井趾部40移动的排泄区15的部分（入口点）17更快地前进，因为部分（入口点）18更接近于低压力的井跟部42。然而，事实并非如此。FIG. 3 is a top view of the process showing the oil-bearing
参照图1，冠岩覆盖岩层1防止包括氧化气体22的流体逃逸出含油储层20。图1也示出了燃烧过的区域2、焦炭燃料储存区4、流体排泄区15、含氧气体注入井6a、生产井对9的水平腿部8，以及水平生产井9的竖直部分。Referring to FIG. 1 , cap rock formation 1 prevents fluids including oxidizing
如图1所示的本发明的方法进行的那样，各焦炭区域4和各流体排泄区域15都从注入井6a沿两个相互相对的方向侧向向外移动，首先朝向井趾部40，然后朝向生产井对9的井跟部42，流体入口点17、18也以同样方式移动，并且燃烧过的区域2扩大。（参见图1和图4）该过程继续直到流体排泄区15到达井趾部40和井跟部42，如果注入井6a定位于生产井对9的水平井8的中点，那么流体排泄区15会几乎同时到达井趾部40和井跟部42。重要地，保护水平井8不暴露于氧气的油带24通过油3而加厚，如图4所示，油3从排泄区15排泄，在入口点17、18处进入水平井。一旦通过泄油点17、18到达井趾部40和井跟部42的端点，那么氧化气体注入流量必须减少或者停止以防止对储层造成过压，储层过压或者会引起储层破裂，或者会强迫氧气进入水平井8。As the method of the present invention shown in Figure 1 proceeds, each
特别地，要防止氧气或含氧气体进入水平井8或者竖直井8，因为，不这样的话，其中的油3将能够燃烧或者爆炸，由此引起非常高的温度，该温度可能损坏生产井对9并形成能堵塞生产井对9的大量焦炭。控制水平井8（并由此也控制竖直井10）中的温度和压力的一种方式是继续通过井筒管系（未示出，但上文已述）的蒸汽或非氧化气体循环用以预热水平井8。通常为1-10m3/天的、非常低的蒸汽流量是合适的。在水平井8中沿管系（未示出）放置的热电偶串（未示出）将会提醒操作者蒸汽流量需要增加以降低水平井8的温度。In particular, oxygen or oxygen-containing gases are to be prevented from entering the
除了允许提供蒸汽以预热水平井筒8以及水平井筒8的周围区域并开始储层20和水平井8之间的流体连通外，在水平井8中设置管系也可以有利地用以将稀释剂提供给水平井筒8中的油3，具体地，所述稀释剂为烃稀释剂，例如VAPEX、烃溶剂或石脑油，或者是如共同待批的美国专利申请20090308606（美国专利申请号12/280,832）中所建议的二氧化碳，在此其全部内容通过参见的方式合并入本文，并且共同转让给本发明的受让人。有利地，将二氧化碳注入水平井8内的管系具有这样的优势，即，不仅可以作为稀释剂作用到水平井8内以及围绕水平井8的池部24中收集的油3，而且进一步用以对水平井8轻微增压并由此辅助防止氧化气体22的任何侵入，如果在油层24降低后允许氧化气体进入水平井8，那么氧化气体可能会与其中的油3的产生潜在的爆炸性混合物。In addition to allowing the provision of steam to preheat the
在排泄前缘17、18同时到达水平井8的井趾部40和井跟部42之后，新的运行阶段开始，即，下降阶段。特别地，在此时，不再有足量的高温气体5产生以将油3的天然气举提供到地面30，因为水平井8的全长将会由油层24覆盖，并且由油3密封。由此，需要液体泵送或者人造气举以采收仍留在储层20底部的大量的热升级油3。然后，进入注入井6a的氧化气体22的注入流量被调整以将注入压力大体维持在储层破裂压力以下。最大的氧化气体注入压力小于储层压力的70%是优选的，并且在下降阶段，最大的氧化气体注入压力小于储层压力的50%是最优选的。下降阶段是有利的，因为压缩气体要求较低，并且提供如氧化气体22的压缩空气的压缩器71的输出可以被大体重导引到开始需要大量氧化气体22的新运行阶段。气体/油的比率在下降阶段低得多，此增加了该方法的整体能源效率。对于阿萨巴斯卡焦油砂，所累计的空气/油的比率可以低至715:1(m3空气/m3油)。After the
该方法特征在于具有高达80%的油采收率的平稳及一致的操作，并且该方法在如蒸汽辅助重力泄油（SAGD）的蒸汽处理过程中最小化了导致频繁井筒失效的生产井的热循环。The method is characterized by smooth and consistent operation with up to 80% oil recovery, and the method minimizes thermal stress in production wells leading to frequent wellbore failures during steam processing such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). cycle.
在储层渗透性不好的情况下，可能必要的是使用如图4所示的多个氧化气体注入井6a、6b，并且由此适应本发明的方法。由此，在本发明的进一步提炼中，当燃烧前缘50从原来的氧化气体注入井6a前进一段指定的距离时，其它氧化气体注入井6b（在注入井6a相互相对的侧部上完成）也还可以在燃烧前缘已向外前进超过如图4所示的氧化气体注入井6b后，各自通过压缩器71提供氧化气体（空气）22，以注入储层20来确保燃烧前缘50继续沿水平井的井趾部40和井跟部42的方向向外前进并且不会停止前进和/或熄灭。In case of poor reservoir permeability, it may be necessary to use multiple oxidizing
如图4所示的其它的注入井6b可以在本发明的方法开始进行之前在初始注入井6a的两个相对侧上完成，或者可替换地，可以被钻孔并且可以在方法开始一段时间时完成，变得明显的是，燃烧前缘50已前进到它们离原注入井6a太远的一个位置点，并且要求为燃烧前缘50提供更直接及更近的氧化气体22，以向外沿水平井8前进，并且该方法由此继续进行。如果必要，使用或完成其它的气体注入井6b的另外步骤可以在较早完成的注入井6b的各向外的侧部上重复，直到排泄区15的交叉点17、18分别到达水平井8的井趾部40和井跟部42。The
在本方法的最优选的实施例中，从开始便使用多种氧化气体注入井。In the most preferred embodiment of the method, multiple oxidizing gases are injected into the well from the outset.
参考图5，在沥青储层20中有如图所示在适当位置间隔开来的5个氧化气体注入井6a-6e，其中，x等于井长除以注入井的数量。该布置确保所有燃烧前缘联合或者同时到达井趾部和井跟部，其中，燃烧前缘的运动方向由箭头表示。如果注入井错误放置，该方法将会以具有最大利益的相同方式运行，但是能量效率略微降低。覆盖在水平井上的油3将水平井与氧气隔离。在燃烧前缘大约到达井趾部和井跟部的时候，泄油点17a-17e和18a-18e将会合并，并且该水平井将会被油全部覆盖。如果空气注入率保持很高，储层将会超压。因此，操作控制从气体流动控制转变到气体压力控制。所以，此后，气体注入流量变得非常小，而沿储层的较低部分扩散的泄油流入水平生产井中。由于在此下降阶段期间气-油比率较低，油必须通过泵送或人工升举产出。Referring to Figure 5, there are five oxidizing
与单个氧化气体注入井的使用对比，使用多个井减少了可以安全注入单个注入井中的空气量，但增加了在所有注入井上的全部可注入量，这大大地增加了油的生产率。In contrast to the use of a single oxidizing gas injection well, the use of multiple wells reduces the amount of air that can be safely injected into a single injection well, but increases the overall injectable volume on all injection wells, which greatly increases the oil production rate.
示例1Example 1
以下表1给出了本例中所使用的数字模型参数的列表单。Table 1 below gives a list of the numerical model parameters used in this example.
数字模拟器：STARSTM2009.1，计算机模型集团有限公司。Digital Simulator: STARSTM 2009.1, Computer Modeling Group Ltd.
模型尺寸：Model size :
长度：540米每2.5米216个网格Length: 540 meters 216 grids per 2.5 meters
宽度：50米每2.5米20个网格，相互对称，给定井筒间距为100mWidth: 50 meters, 20 grids per 2.5 meters, symmetrical to each other, the given wellbore spacing is 100m
高度：20米每1米20个网格Height: 20
水平生产井horizontal production well
500米的离散水平井筒从9个网格延伸到208个网格，在水平井的一端处留出20米的缓冲区。水平腿部的内径是9又5/8英寸。在整个测试中维持水平井管系中的蒸汽流量为10m3/天（水当量），但该过程是可选择的。500 meters of discrete horizontal wellbores stretched from 9 grids to 208 grids, leaving a 20-meter buffer zone at one end of the horizontal well. The inside diameter of the horizontal legs is 9 5/8 inches. The steam flow rate in the horizontal well piping system is maintained at 10m3 /day (water equivalent) throughout the test, but this process is optional.
蒸汽和氧化气体注入井Steam and oxidizing gas injection wells
运行多种模型，其中，有1-5个竖直注入井定位于水平生产井上方，在6-9个网格中穿孔以用于蒸汽预热（3个月），并且在顶部4个网格处穿孔以用于空气注入。每个注入井的通气量开始为10,000m3/天，然后增加到最大100,000m3/天。Multiple models were run with 1-5 vertical injection wells positioned above horizontal production wells, perforated in 6-9 grids for steam preheating (3 months), and top 4 grids The grid is perforated for air injection. The ventilation rate for each injection well starts at 10,000m3 /day and increases to a maximum of 100,000m3 /day.
表1储层属性、油属性和井控制Table 1 Reservoir properties, oil properties and well control
测试运行test run
执行七个数字模拟运行测试：结果在表2中提供。测试1是用以美国专利5,626,191的THAI方法，并且仅作为比较目的。测试2-7具有沿水平生产井的长度定位在水平生产井上的氧化气体注入井，使得在邻近的注入井的中点之间或者生产井的端部之间的距离是相等的。用于空气注入井位置的网格数量如下：Seven digital simulation runs were performed: the results are provided in Table 2. Test 1 was used with the THAI method of US Patent 5,626,191 and was used for comparison purposes only. Tests 2-7 had the oxidizing gas injection wells positioned on the horizontal production wells along their lengths such that the distance between the midpoints of adjacent injection wells or the ends of the production wells was equal. The grid numbers used for the air injection well locations are as follows:
测试1-9Test 1-9
测试2-109Test 2-109
测试3-59,158Test 3-59,158
测试4-42,109,175Test 4 - 42, 109, 175
测试5-29,69,109,149,188Test 5 - 29, 69, 109, 149, 188
测试6-29,69,109,149,188Test 6 - 29, 69, 109, 149, 188
已发现在水平井8上从各注入井的油排泄与该构造同时完成。然而，该注入井构造并不是必须的。在注入井定向非常不对称的情况下也可以很好地进行燃烧。对比美国专利5,626,191（“THATM”方法）的井构造，如果单个注入井定位在水平生产井的井趾部并且具有单个排泄前缘，那么，测试2-7对每个空气注入井都具有两个排泄前缘。It was found that the drainage of oil from the injection wells on the
测试1-6都具有相同的总的最大空气注入量，即100,000m3/天，使得每次测试的效率可以与同样的空气压缩器容量相比较。对于具有多个空气注入井的测试，总体空气在各注入井之间平均分开。例如，在测试2中，单个注入井6a接收所有的可用空气，即100,000m3/天，但是在测试6中，具有5个注入井，每个注入井仅接收20,000m3/天的空气。为了量化增加总体空气压缩机容量所带来的收益，在测试7中，其从100,000m3/天增加到300,000m3/天，5个注入井中的每个都提供了60,000m3/天的空气。每个注入井的空气量按以下月度计划倾斜上升，直到达到目标最大空气量：10,000m3/天；20,000m3/天；33,333m3/天；50,000m3/天；70,000m3/天；和100,000m3/天。在达到所有的期望空气量的最大值之后，该空气量继续上升直到燃烧前缘同时到达水平生产井的井趾部和井跟部。此时，用于燃烧气体进入水平井的出口点由于油层覆盖水平井而变得封闭，所以通过注入压力来控制空气量是必要的，否则，会超出破裂压力。选定4000kPa的注入压力，而且该压力足以充满生产油的空隙。在前缘到达生产井的井趾部和井跟部后，空气需求量由目标最大值大大地减少，并因此降低了气/油比率。Tests 1-6 all had the same total maximum air injection volume, ie100,000m3 /day, so that the efficiency of each test could be compared with the same air compressor capacity. For tests with multiple air injection wells, the overall air was divided equally between each injection well. For example, in
“峰值产油率”指在测试中达到的最高产油率。对于具有1个或2个空气注入井的测试。"Peak oil production rate" means the highest oil production rate achieved during the test. For tests with 1 or 2 air injection wells.
表2数字模拟结果Table 2 Digital simulation results
*结果用于THAI方法——非本发明的部分*Results used for THAI method - not part of the invention
对比测试1和测试2，有两个主要收益。首先，在第一年运行后，对于同样的注入井资本成本以及同样流量空气压缩成本的情况，测试2给出远远高于THAI的28m3/天的产油率：47m3/天。这对于石油开采的经济性是非常重要的，并且通过简单地将空气注入井移动到相对于THAI的不同位置而实现。第二，在测试2中气/油比率显著降低，是1023而不是1291。燃烧方法的主要运行成本是空气压缩能量成本，由此，该方法相比于使用单个中心注入井的THAI方法低了20%[即，(1291-1023)/1291]。除了早期高产油率和低能量成本的收益，使用中心注入井提供了更高的油采收率（在适当位置处所采收的原油的百分比）。Comparing Test 1 and
在测试3-6中代表使用多个定位在水平生产井上方的空气注入井的情况。由于注入井的数量增加，实现了早期的高产油率的更多收益：5个注入井达到90m3/天。而且由于有多个注入井，该方法的能量效率显著提高了，达到764m3空气/m3油，与单个中心空气注入井相比提高了25%。The use of multiple air injection wells positioned above horizontal production wells is represented in tests 3-6. Due to the increased number of injection wells, further gains from the early high oil production rates were achieved: 5 injection wells reached 90m3 /day. And because of the multiple injection wells, the energy efficiency of the method is significantly improved, reaching 764m3 air/m3 oil, a 25% improvement compared to a single central air injection well.
对比测试6和测试7，这两个测试都具有5个注入井，其仅有的差别在于空气注入流量。通过将空气量从每井20,000m3/天增加到每井60,000m3/天，而实现了早期的产油率和峰值产油率上的较大利益，但是在能量效率上稍微降低。对比测试7和测试1（现有技术），使用5个空气注入井和3倍的峰值空气量使第一年产油率上升5.57倍。Compare Test 6 and Test 7, both with 5 injection wells, the only difference being the air injection rate. By increasing the air volume from20,000m3 /day per well to60,000m3 /day per well, a large benefit in early oil production and peak oil production was achieved, but at a slight loss in energy efficiency. Comparing Test 7 and Test 1 (current technology), using 5 air injection wells and 3 times the peak air volume increases the first-year oil production rate by 5.57 times.
本领域的普通技术人员能够选择空气量和最优数量的空气注入井之间的最优组合，以用于特定的储层和商业环境，需要将诸如电费（用以空气压缩）和竖直井钻成本等参数考虑在内。应当注意的是，所谓“SMART”水平井可以从与本方法中的水平井相同的钻板（drilling pad）处钻孔，以在储层上部的各点处注入空气。在SMART井中具有单独的穿孔部分，且各穿孔部分都通过封隔器（packer）而相互隔离，并且具有与地面分开的自身管系串，所述管系串能够将特定空气量递送到各个有孔部分。例如，当在储层的上面有湖或者在陆地表面上有会阻碍钻探竖直空气注入井的其它障碍物时，SMART井可以是有利的。Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to select the optimal combination between air volume and the optimal number of air injection wells for a particular reservoir and commercial environment, requiring factors such as electricity costs (for air compression) and vertical well Parameters such as drilling costs are taken into account. It should be noted that so-called "SMART" horizontal wells can be drilled from the same drilling pad as the horizontal wells in this method to inject air at various points in the upper reservoir. In a SMART well there are individual perforations that are isolated from each other by packers and have their own tubing strings separated from the surface capable of delivering a specific volume of air to each of the perforations. hole part. For example, SMART wells may be advantageous when there are lakes above the reservoir or other obstacles on the land surface that would prevent drilling of vertical air injection wells.
虽然以上描述了本发明的多个具体实施例，但是应当理解的是，在本发明范围的其它实施例是可能的，并且意为包含在本发明内。现在，对于本领域的普通技术人员明显的是，在不偏离由本文的实例所示的本发明范围的情况下，可以对本发明进行各种修改（未示出）。对于本发明范围的完整定义，应参考所附权利要求。While a number of specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that other embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention and are intended to be encompassed by the invention. It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications (not shown) may be made in the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as illustrated by the examples herein. For a full definition of the scope of the invention, reference should be made to the appended claims.
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- 2010-12-10CNCN2010800671294Apatent/CN102933792A/enactivePending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103603637A (en)* | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device and system for exploiting super heavy oil by gas-assisted SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) |
| CN103603637B (en)* | 2013-10-28 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device and system for exploiting super heavy oil by gas-assisted SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) |
| CN112088242A (en)* | 2018-03-06 | 2020-12-15 | 质子科技加拿大有限公司 | In situ process for producing syngas from underground hydrocarbon reservoirs |
| CN111706319A (en)* | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A method for evaluating gas saturation in marine shale based on the gradual stripping of electrical conductivity influencing factors |
| CN111706319B (en)* | 2020-06-16 | 2023-05-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A method for evaluating the gas saturation of marine shale based on the step-by-step exfoliation of conductive factors |
| CN115478831A (en)* | 2021-05-31 | 2022-12-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well spacing method and device for oil-gas resources in hydrocarbon source rock |
| CN115478831B (en)* | 2021-05-31 | 2023-08-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well-arrangement method and device for oil-gas resources in hydrocarbon source rock |
| CN118933785A (en)* | 2024-09-26 | 2024-11-12 | 吉林大学 | In-situ development method of gravity drainage of low-mature oil shale with reverse seven-point horizontal well pattern |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2553217A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
| ECSP12012225A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
| AR080013A1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
| WO2011120126A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
| BR112012024953A2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
| CA2698454A1 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
| US20130074470A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
| CA2698454C (en) | 2011-11-29 |
| RU2012145184A (en) | 2014-05-10 |
| CO6350199A1 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
| MX2012011315A (en) | 2012-11-23 |
| RU2539048C2 (en) | 2015-01-10 |
| PE20110902A1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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