CN102823123A - Methods and apparatus for power factor correction and reduction of distortion in and noise in a power supply delivery network - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for power factor correction include selectively coupling bit reactive loads with a load having dynamic reactive properties to dynamically correct a power factor. Methods and apparatus for reducing distortion in a power delivery system include a means for determining distortion in a power line, forming a corrective signal according to the distortion and selectively sinking and sourcing current to the power line according to the corrective signal. Furthermore, power for a solar power system is injected into a load via the same apparatus.

Description

Be used for power factor correcting and the distortion that reduces electric power transmission network and the method and apparatus of noise

Cross reference to related application

The sequence number that the application requires on January 25th, 2010 to submit to is 61/298; 122 and title be " METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION AND REDUCTION OF DISTORTION IN AND NOISE IN A POWER SUPPLY DELIVERY NETWORK "; The sequence number of submitting to on January 19th, 2011 is 61/434; 250 and title be 61/435 for the sequence number of submitting in " POWER FACTOR AND HARMONIC CORRECTION METHODS " and on January 25th, 2011; 921 and title be " POWER FACTOR AND HARMONIC CORRECTION METHODS "; And the sequence number that on January 24th, 2011 submitted to is 61/435; 658 and title be " AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF APPLIANCES "; And the sequence number that on January 25th, 2010 submitted to is 61/298; 127 and title be the right of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of " AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF APPLIANCES "; Under 35U.S.C. § 119 (e); And be the sequence number submitted on January 26th, 2010 be 12/694,153 and title be the part continuation application of the common unsettled U.S. Patent application of " POWER FACTOR AND HARMONIC CORRECTION METHODS ", it requires sequence number of submission on January 26th, 2009 is 61/206; 051 and title be the priority of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of " POWER FACTOR AND HARMONIC CORRECTION METHODS "; And be the sequence number submitted on January 26th, 2010 be 12/694,171 and title be the part continuation application of the common unsettled U.S. Patent application of " ENERGY USAGE MONITORING WITH REMOTE DISPLAY AND AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF APPLIANCE INCLUDING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE ", it requires sequence number of submission on January 25th, 2009 is 61/206; 072 and title be the priority of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of " ENERGY USAGE MONITORING WITH REMOTE DISPLAY AND AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF APPLIANCEI NCLUDING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE "; And the U.S. Patent application No.12/XXX of submission on January 25th, 2011, XXX attorney docket RADA-00401, it is all quoted through integral body and is incorporated into this for various uses.

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of power electronics.More specifically, the present invention relates to reduce to load transfer or by the distortion and the noise of load generating and improve power factor.

Background technology

Power factor correcting is the important component that improves modern electric transmission system efficient.Because the reactive component of consumes electric power is such as the device that comprises motor in the load, between the electric current of power signal and voltage assembly, form phase shift.The power factor of AC electric power system is defined as the actual power that flows to load to the ratio of apparent power and be the number (generally being expressed as percentage, for example 0.5pf=50%pf) between 0 and 1.Actual power (P) is the ability of circuit in the special time execution work.Apparent power (S) is the electric current of circuit and the product of voltage.Reactive power (Q) be defined as S quadratic sum P square the square root of difference.When reactive load, such as having capacitor or inductor, the energy storage in the load causes the time difference between electric current and the voltage waveform.During each cycle of AC voltage, additional energy any energy that in load, consumes, temporarily is stored in the load in electric field or magnetic field, and returns electrical network in the back one second fragment in cycle then." fluctuation " of this unproductive power increased the electric current in the circuit.Therefore, the circuit that has the low-power factor will use higher electric current to send quantitative actual power to than the circuit with high power factor.Linear load does not change the shape of current waveform, but can change the relative timing (phase place) between electric current and the voltage.Generally, the method and apparatus of the corrected power factor relates to power line is coupled in the fixed correction load with known idle value.Fixing capacitive character reactive load is offset the idle effect of inductive load, and vice versa, improved the power factor of circuit.But the amount that fixedly reactive load only can be fixing with the power factor correcting of power line is to certain degree, because power factor can be dynamic, because the variation characteristic of the load of being coupled to power line is conciliate in coupling.Therefore, for the corrected power factor, the progress of back includes the several fixing reactive load that selectively is coupled to power line.But this system needs the operator to keep watch on, he constantly the monitoring power factor with the fixing reactive load of coupling and de so that the power factor of the continuous variation of counteracting power line.

The situation of the electronic device that changes has been introduced other poor efficiency in electric power transfer.The use of personal electronic device increases makes that being installed in using of AC-DC transducer on the wall increases with to power devices and be the battery charge of every-day object, such as notebook computer, cell phone, camera or the like.The ubiquity of these article makes the user have the transducer of several this being called " wall type power supply " to be coupled in the electric power system.Prevailing 2 AC-DC transducers are known as converter,linear and switched mode converter.Converter,linear utilize step-down transformer with U.S.'s dwelling house can with the 120V electric power of standard be reduced to required AC voltage.This voltage of bridge rectifier adjustment.The bridge rectifier generally is coupled to capacitor.Generally, this capacitor is high value.Capacitor forms back electromotive force.When being recharged and discharge, capacitor forms nearly dc voltage.But when it was recharged, capacitor only drew electric current in the part in cycle through non-linear bridge rectifier.So current waveform and voltage do not match and comprise heavily harmonic distortion component.Total harmonic distortion (THD) be all harmonic components power to the power of fundamental frequency with.This harmonic distortion can be reflected back toward electric power networks.

Switching power injects electric power transmission network according to different principle work and with harmonic wave.In a word, through the 120V voltage that adjustment U.S. dwelling house can be used, switch mode power supply operation.To the adjustment of back electromotive force,, add harmonic wave and distortion such as big reservior capacitor.And the extensive adaptive system that makes of various types of linearities or switch mode integrated circuit produces electrical noise.And the idle component in the AC network has reduced power factor, and integrated circuit is reflected in the power line harmonic wave and noise.These harmonic waves show as the harmonic distortion in the current component of power signal.Because electric power networks has non-zero impedance, the distortion that is accompanied by current component also can be converted into amplitude distortion.Amplitude distortion is when output amplitude is not the linear function of input range under specified requirements, to occur in the distortion in system, subsystem or the equipment.Also form other bad effects, such as the overall minimizing of power factor distortion and energy transmission.These effects have reduced efficient and have reduced the quality of electric power transfer.For this reason, needs can not only be proofreaied and correct the power factor in the electric power transmission network and can reduce or eliminate the method and apparatus of the distortion in the power line, therefore make the efficient of electric power transfer and quality maximize.Therefore, can reduce overall energy consumption.

Summary of the invention

Here the invention that provides makes and improves through the efficient and the quality of electric power networks to the load transferring electric power.Benefit from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure and will understand here the method and apparatus of discussing and can be applicable to have idle and multiple load nonlinear component, cause less than the ideal power factor and cause distortion and noise or the like is got back in the electric power networks by notes.In some applications, load is a home dwelling.Load is the parallel connection combination of all devices of draw power in the dwelling house.For electrical network, through wattmeter, when user activation in the dwelling house or shutoff device, dwelling house resembles a dynamic load with idle and non-linear attributes of variation.Advantageously, the inherent defect that the invention that provides has here overcome the prior art solution such as too high cost, the complex installation of a plurality of positions, maybe be excessively or compensation and reduce the fixedly PF compensation of PF inadequately, and poor performance.Here the invention that provides can be through the kinetic measurement load the reactive power component and be coupled that at least one proofreaies and correct reactive load to the load corrector power factor.Because reactive power changes, such as when washing machine is activated, the characteristic that the present invention can discern load changes, and can other be proofreaied and correct that reactive load is coupled or decoupling zero is incorporated into the load that causes the power factor difference.And the invention that provides here can be proofreaied and correct by the distortion of network in the electric power of load transmission, noise etc., has therefore improved the quality of electric power.Provide the present invention to be used for signal of telecommunication with distortion, noise etc. is compared with reference signal.The signal of telecommunication can be through the current component of network to the power of load transmission.But reference signal can obtain from the component of voltage to the power of load transmission, and is perhaps synthetic synchronous with voltage waveform by separately.Correction signal is through comparison reference signal or have the signal of distortion or deduct reference signal from the signal with distortion and obtain.Correction signal comprises distortion.According to correction signal, electric current is drawn from the signal with distortion or is irritated (sinking or sourcing), causes distortion reduction.Advantageously, the present invention can proofread and correct the distortion that is caused by all nonlinear loads at a point in the dwelling house.The present invention can be coupling between ammeter and the dwelling house.Therefore, the present invention can not know the number that installs in the dwelling house, their position or any other parameter.And efficiency of the present invention is high, does not increase PF or distortion and any other electric loading of increase in the property network with PF because it has improved distortion on demand.

In one aspect of the invention, a kind of minimizing has the method for the distortion in the signal of telecommunication of distortion, comprises that sensing has distortion and the factor and the signal of telecommunication with distortion of combination distortion in the signal of telecommunication of distortion.In some embodiments, said sensing step comprises the signal of telecommunication with distortion is compared with reference signal to obtain difference signal and this difference signal of convergent-divergent to form distortion factor.Said combination step comprises if distortion factor for just, deducts distortion factor from the signal of telecommunication with distortion, and if distortion factor for negative, with distortion factor and signal of telecommunication addition with distortion.In some embodiments, the said step that subtracts comprises that the first controlled current source and the said step that adds that distortion factor is applied to be coupled to the signal of telecommunication with distortion comprise the second controlled current source that distortion factor is applied to be coupled to the signal of telecommunication with distortion.Distortion factor is applied to the first controlled current source also comprises positive signal application with power factor correcting, and distortion factor is applied to the second controlled current source comprises that also negative power signal application with power factor correcting is in the second controlled current source in the first controlled current source.

In some embodiments, said combination step comprises the modulation distortion factor.If distortion factor is for negative, distortion factor then is coupled with the signal of telecommunication with distortion, if distortion factor for just, deducts distortion factor from the signal of telecommunication with distortion.First switch through distortion factor being applied to be coupled to the signal of telecommunication with distortion and distortion factor is applied to be coupled to the second switch of the signal of telecommunication with distortion can be realized saidly adding and subtracting step.The modulation distortion factor can comprise pulse width modulation, delta-sigma modulation, pulse code modulation, pulse density modulated or pulse position modulation.Distortion factor is applied to first switch comprises positive signal application with power factor correcting, and distortion factor is applied to second switch comprises that negative power signal application with power factor correcting is in second switch in first switch.Advantageously, use modulation technique control switch efficiently.In some embodiments, can comprise that the analog or digital filter is used for the filtering modulation signal.

In some applications, the impedance of electric power networks can be far below the impedance of electric power networks to the load of its transferring electric power.In this case, benefiting from people of the present disclosure will understand filling or draw sense of current to need reverse.By way of example, negative distortion is usually through injecting to power line or irritating electric current and proofread and correct.But, if the impedance of load greater than the impedance of network, electric current will be injected into network rather than load.Therefore, can accomplish opposite function.This causes from the sufficient distortion correction of the total current waveform of electrical network extraction.

In another aspect of this invention; A kind of method that is used for reducing the distortion of power line comprises that the power factor of proofreading and correct in the power line makes that power factor is 1 basically; The current segment of power line is compared with required reference signal; Thereby the formation correction signal, and draw selectively and irritate electric current to power line according to correction signal.The corrected power factor comprises any known power-factor correcting method or any method described here.In some embodiments, draw selectively or irritate electric current to comprise correction signal is applied at least one controlled current source, wherein controlled current source according to correction signal with electric current supply and power line coupling.Replacedly, draw selectively or irritate electric current to comprise the modulation correction signal and modulated correction signal is applied at least one switch, wherein this switch is with electric current supply and the power line also filtering zoop that is coupled.The modulation correction signal comprises pulse width modulation, delta-sigma modulation, pulse code modulation, pulse density modulated or pulse position modulation.

In some applications, the impedance of electric power networks can be far below the impedance of electric power networks to the load of its transferring electric power.In this case, benefiting from people of the present disclosure will understand filling or draw sense of current to need reverse.By way of example, negative distortion is usually through injecting to power line or irritating electric current and proofread and correct.But, if the impedance of load greater than the impedance of network, electric current will be injected into network rather than load.Therefore, can accomplish opposite function.This causes from the sufficient distortion correction of the total current waveform of electrical network extraction.

Be in operation, the distortion in the signal of telecommunication is such as being reduced by the power that transmits to dwelling house.Distortion can be spectral noise of harmonic distortion, amplitude distortion, noise, rising or the like.Power to the dwelling house transmission comprises voltage and current.Generally, because non-linear in the load, the current component of the power that transmits to load is with display distortion.Through electric current and perfect sine wave are compared,, can confirm distortion such as the component of voltage of power.This perfect sine wave can be used as reference signal.,,, can locally create and be similar to perfect sine wave when making the voltage deformed sine wave less than under the perfect situation at the voltage sine wave through synchronously sinusoidal wave with voltage when amplitude distortion.For example, zero passage capable of using changes as a token of to form approximate perfect sine wave.Through deducting reference signal, form correction signal from signal with distortion.Correction signal comprises distortion factor.The positive part of distortion is applied to being coupled to the electric current that draws to the circuit of dwelling house transferring electric power.Draw electric current from circuit, to draw electric current according to distortion.Similarly, the negative part of distortion is applied to also being coupled to the current source to the circuit of dwelling house transferring electric power.When distortion when negative, current source is irritated electric current according to distortion in circuit.Therefore, distortion is removed the electric current that extracts from electrical network.

In some embodiments, can modulate correction signal to raise the efficiency.Method is such as pulse width modulation, delta-sigma modulation, pulse code modulation, pulse density modulated or pulse position modulation.The switch that modulated correction signal is applied to activating such as MOSFET, imports electric current or derive the circuit to the house power supply according to distortion.

In some embodiments, the method for minimizing distortion also comprises the corrected power factor.The method of dynamic power factor correction comprises the reactive power of confirming first load; Definite power factor that causes by this reactive power; Confirm to be coupled to first load so that this ratio is the best of 1 basically and proofread and correct reactive load, and the best is proofreaied and correct reactive load be coupled to first load.

In some embodiments; Best reactive load is coupled to first load is included as required accuracy selection quantization level; This quantization level has highest significant position (MSB) and least significant bit (LSB), confirms the MSB reactive load, confirms the LSB reactive load; And close and obtain the relevant switch of arbitrary bit that required accuracy needs, wherein switch is electrically coupled to first load with in MSB reactive load and the LSB reactive load any.Generally, required accuracy comprises the acceptable value of confirming ratio.Quantization level can also be included at least one bit between MSB and the LSB.The value of confirming the bit reactive load of LSB reactive load, MSB reactive load and at least one bit comprises the maximum idle component of confirming first load.The bit reactive load of MSB reactive load, LSB reactive load and at least one bit is capacitor normally, and can be coupled to reactive load through switch, MOSFET, igbt transistor, a pair of MOSFET, a pair of igbt transistor, TRIAC, relay, thyristor and a pair of thyristor of any switch, activation.In some embodiments, reactive power kept watch on and be coupled to first load constantly so that reactive power be basically 0 and power factor be that new the best of 1 is proofreaied and correct reactive load and dynamically confirmed basically.

In another aspect of this invention; The system that is used for reducing the distortion of the signal of telecommunication with distortion comprises that the power factor that is used for making the signal with distortion is 1 power factor correcting module basically; Be used for subtracter that the current segment of power line is compared with required reference signal; Thereby formation correction signal, and the circuit that is used for drawing selectively and irritating electric current to power line according to correction signal.Said power factor correcting module comprises transducer, is used to measure the reactive power of first load of being coupled to power line and is used for and the first load coupling a plurality of bit reactive loads with the idle component of offsetting first load.In some embodiments, be used for drawing selectively or the circuit of irritating electric current is arranged to correction signal is applied at least one controlled current source, wherein controlled current source according to correction signal with electric current supply and power line coupling.Replacedly; The circuit that is used for drawing selectively or irritates electric current comprises modulator, is used to modulate correction signal and modulated correction signal is applied at least one switch, and wherein this switch is with electric current supply and power line coupling; And filter, be used for the filtering zoop.Modulator comprises pulse-width modulator, delta-sigma modulator, pulse code modulator, pulse density modulator or pulse positon modulator.

Be in operation; The circuit that is used for reducing the distortion of the current signal with distortion comprises first input that is used to receive the current signal with distortion; Be used to receive second input of reference signal, be coupled to the subtracter of first input and second input, be used for deducting current signal and therefore form first correction signal with distortion from reference signal; And circuit, be used for selectively with the positive part of first correction signal and the negative part and current signal combination of first correction signal with distortion.Subtracter can be an analog circuit, is used for deducting from an input operational amplifier of another input such as configuration.Replacedly, subtracter can be a digital system, such as can from the bit stream input digit of a conversion deduct another A/D converter, and the D/A converter that is used for the result is converted into the analog signal that comprises correction signal.

In some embodiments; The circuit that is used for making up selectively can be the positive ion deterioration and the first controlled current source that the output of being coupled to subtracter is used for confirming the positive part of correction signal, and the output of being coupled to subtracter is used for confirming the negative rectifier and the second controlled current source of the negative part of correction signal.Two controlled current sources are coupled to positive supply and negative supply respectively to draw or irritate electric current so that correcting distortion to main power line from main power line selectively.Be in operation, when distortion when negative, electric current is provided for power line with compensation according to negative distortion.Equally, when distortion is correct time, electric current is drawn according to positive distortion, thus compensation.

Replacedly; The circuit that is used for making up selectively can be the positive trigger comparator that the output of being coupled to subtracter is used for confirming the positive part of correction signal; The output of being coupled to subtracter is used for the negative trigger comparator of the negative part of definite correction signal and modulator.Modulator can be the modulator of any useful type, comprises pulse-width modulator, delta-sigma modulator, pulse code modulator, pulse density modulator or pulse positon modulator.Modulator can be coupled to the output of positive trigger comparator and the output of negative trigger comparator is used to modulate the positive part of correction signal and the negative part of correction signal.In some embodiments, first switch is coupled to positive trigger comparator.First switch can be selectively be coupled the electric current of DC power supply of thinking highly of oneself according to the positive part of correction signal, thereby reduces distortion.Equally, second switch can be selectively according to the positive part coupling of correction signal electric current from positive DC power supply, thereby reduce distortion.

In some applications, the impedance of electric power networks can be far below the impedance of electric power networks to the load of its transferring electric power.In this case, benefiting from people of the present disclosure will understand filling or draw sense of current to need reverse.By way of example, negative distortion is usually through injecting to power line or irritating electric current and proofread and correct.But, if the impedance of load greater than the impedance of network, electric current will be injected into network rather than load.Therefore, can accomplish opposite function.Through drawing electric current from power line, electric current is injected into opposite direction.

In some embodiments, the circuit that is used to reduce distortion also comprises and is used to make electric current and the unified basically power factor correction circuit of the power factor between the voltage that is transmitted.The system that is used for power factor correcting comprises the device of the reactive power that is used for definite load; Be used to confirm to be coupled to first load make power factor be basically 1 and reactive power be the device that the best of 0 is proofreaied and correct reactive load basically, and the device that is used for best reactive load is coupled to first load.In some embodiments; Be used for the device that best reactive load is coupled to first load comprised and be used to the device that required accuracy is selected quantization level; This quantization level has highest significant position (MSB) and least significant bit (LSB); Be used for confirming the device of MSB reactive load; Be used for confirming the device of LSB reactive load, and the device that is used to close the switch relevant with the arbitrary bit that obtains required accuracy needs, wherein switch is electrically coupled to first load with in MSB reactive load and the LSB reactive load any.Quantization level also is included at least one bit between MSB and the LSB.More bits between MSB and the LSB will cause the accuracy of power factor correcting higher, or power factor is more near 1.The bit reactive load is capacitor normally, and can be coupled to reactive load through switch, MOSFET, igbt transistor, a pair of MOSFET, a pair of igbt transistor, TRIAC, relay, thyristor and a pair of thyristor of switch, activation.

In another embodiment of the present invention; A kind of system that is used for reducing the distortion of the signal of telecommunication with distortion comprises that at least a portion that is used for power line is had the signal of telecommunication of distortion compares with required reference signal; Thereby form the circuit of correction signal, and be used for drawing and irritate the circuit of electric current from one of DC rectifier and solar panels to the signal of telecommunication selectively with correcting distortion with distortion according to correction signal; And from solar panels extra current is injected load or electrical network selectively at least one.Preferably, said system also comprises being used for confirming when solar energy produces the processor of electric current, and is used between DC rectifier and solar panels, switching the processor that is used to draw and irritate electric current, and it can be same processing unit.And said system comprises transformer, and said transformer has elementary winding and secondary winding, is used for electricity and isolates and to be used for the circuit that draws and irritate from power line selectively, and wherein secondary winding can the serial or parallel connection coupling.Preferably; The circuit that is used for drawing selectively and irritates electric current includes the positive DC power supply that selectively is coupled to one of DC rectifier and solar panels or positive DC electric current is provided; Be coupled to the negative DC power supply that one of DC rectifier and solar panels are used to provide negative DC electric current selectively; Processor is used for irritating electric current from one of positive DC power supply to power line selectively in response to negative distortion, or draws electric current from power line to negative DC power supply in response to positive distortion, and it also can be above-mentioned same processor.

Similarly; A kind of method that is used for proofreading and correct power line harmonic distortion comprises: produce above-mentioned correction signal; Produce positive DC electric current from one of rectifier and solar energy system; Produce negative DC electric current through reverse positive DC electric current, irritate positive DC electric current to proofread and correct negative distortion to load selectively, irritate negative DC electric current to proofread and correct positive distortion to load selectively according to correction signal according to correction signal; And additional available horsepower is injected at least one load and the power line, thereby increased total current from solar energy system.Preferably, said method also comprises load and positive DC power supply and negative DC power supply electricity is isolated.In some embodiments; Produce positive DC electric current from one of rectifier and solar energy system and comprise whether definite solar energy system is producing electric current; And if solar energy system is producing electric current; Irritate electric current from solar energy system,, irritate electric current from rectifier if perhaps solar energy system is not to produce electric current.Advantageously, said method and apparatus makes the inverter that does not use price height and poor efficiency from the solar energy system injection current will specify below.

In another aspect of this invention; A kind of system that is used for proofreading and correct harmonic distortion comprises the device that is used for confirming the power line harmonic energy; Be used to store the device of this harmonic energy, and be used for discharging selectively the device of harmonic energy with the harmonic energy of offsetting opposite value.Preferably; The device that is used for confirming the power line harmonic energy as stated; Comprise the transducer that is used for measuring the power line current component; Be used to produce the oscillator of reference signal, thereby and the comparator that is used for current component and reference signal are relatively produced correction signal, wherein correction signal is represented the harmonic energy in the power line.The device that is used for stored energy can be capacitor or inductor.Energy is discharged by switch, and it is coupled between positive supply, negative supply and load selectively and is used for the device of stored energy.Preferably, said system comprises that also the modulator of modulating correction signal is the device charging of stored energy selectively with driving transistors.

Equally, a kind of method that is used for proofreading and correct the harmonic distortion of the signal with harmonic distortion comprises: confirm the harmonic energy in the power line, and the storage harmonic energy, and discharge harmonic energy selectively to offset the harmonic energy of opposite value.As stated, produce correction signal, and as stated, energy is stored and discharges.Be appreciated that using harmonic energy to proofread and correct following harmonic error can avoid the use of the external power source correcting energy, or extract bigger electric current from power line.

In another embodiment, consider the modulation of power supply.Thereby this execution mode comprises being used at least a portion that power line has a signal of telecommunication of distortion compared with required reference signal and forms the device of correction signal; And the device that is used for respectively drawing and irritating to power line selectively electric current from negative supply and positive supply; Be used for device, and be used for device according to correction signal modulation negative supply according to correction signal modulation positive supply.In analog electronic equipment, this power supply is called the H class A amplifier A.The H class A amplifier A is enjoyed higher efficient, because the current stage of power supply tight tracking amplifier.In this implementation, the power supply trace correction signal.Preferably, the device that is used for comparison comprises and is used for the transducer that sensing has the signal of distortion, is used to produce the oscillator of reference signal, thus and the comparator that is used for the signal with distortion and reference signal are relatively produced correction signal.The device that is used for selectively drawing and irritates electric current comprises the first transistor that is coupled to positive supply, is used for irritating electric current proofreading and correct negative harmonic wave according to correction signal, and the transistor seconds that is coupled to negative supply, be used for drawing electric current to proofread and correct positive harmonic wave according to correction signal.The device that is used for modulation power source comprises the average LC afterflow network (LC-flywheel network) of positive and negative that is used to receive the first transistor of correction signal and is used for obtaining respectively correction signal.

The corresponding method that is used for above execution mode comprises and forms correction signal as stated, draws and irritate electric current to the signal of telecommunication with distortion selectively from negative supply and positive supply respectively, and according to the correction signal modulation power source.

The execution mode of advantageously, more than summarizing can be implemented in the scale of home dwelling.System of more than summarizing and circuit can expensively not produced, and allow common house-owner to insert this equipment.The prior art solution generally comprises the equipment that target is a commercial Application, and therefore is arranged to the power factor in the network of proofreading and correct much bigger current carrying capacity.Therefore, they are very big and spend thousands of dollars and be not that dwelling house is used acceptable.Other solutions are the corrected power factor and must be applied to the individual equipment in the family only.And they generally are the abundant fixing capacitor power factor correction unit of the corrected power factor, and can reduce power factor in some instances.In addition, other solutions are systems, wherein the central control unit driving power factor and the harmonic correction unit that must be coupled to individual devices, and wherein each coupling is installation steps.This system also attempts through extracting and dispersing pure resistive load such as the current correction current waveform in the individual devices.On the contrary, system that wherein realizes and circuit and method generally are coupling between main ammeter and the dwelling house, and a step installs simply.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to the power factor correction circuit of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram according to the power factor correction circuit of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 A is that time of the power signal with distortion of power factor correcting is to the figure of amplitude.

Fig. 3 B is that time of the power signal with distortion of power factor correcting is to the figure of amplitude.

Fig. 3 C is that time of the power signal with distortion of power factor correcting is to the figure of amplitude.

Fig. 3 D has time of power signal of poor power factor to the method for figure, distortion and the correcting distortion of amplitude.

Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram according to the distortion reduction circuit of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the schematic block diagram according to the distortion reduction circuit with modulation of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the schematic block diagram according to the distortion reduction circuit with modulation of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the schematic block diagram according to the distortion reduction circuit with modulation and enhancing filtering of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the schematic block diagram according to the distortion reduction circuit with modulation and enhancing filtering of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the alternative schematic block diagram according to the distortion reduction circuit with modulation and enhancing filtering of one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is having modulation and strengthening filtering and the schematic block diagram of the distortion reduction circuit that electricity is isolated according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is having modulation and strengthening filtering and the schematic block diagram of the distortion reduction circuit of isolating with the electricity of load series coupled according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 A is the example of G class power supply wave shape.

Figure 12 B is the example of H class power supply wave shape.

Figure 12 C is the schematic block diagram with distortion reduction circuit of H class power supply.

Figure 12 D is the schematic block diagram of enhancing with distortion reduction circuit of H class power supply.

Figure 13 A is the schematic block diagram with distortion reduction circuit of solar energy system.

Figure 13 B is the schematic block diagram of prior art solar energy system.

Figure 13 C is the diagrammatic representation that is produced, is injected into the electric current of house load or AC electrical network by solar energy system.

Figure 14 A has to reclaim harmonic energy and proofread and correct the schematic block diagram of distortion reduction circuit of the ability of harmonic distortion afterwards with its.

Figure 14 B can be recovered the diagrammatic representation that is used for the energy of the current signal of the distortion of post-equalization harmonic distortion.

Figure 14 C has to reclaim harmonic energy and proofread and correct the schematic block diagram of distortion reduction circuit of the ability of harmonic distortion afterwards with its.

Figure 14 D has to reclaim harmonic energy and proofread and correct the schematic block diagram of distortion reduction circuit of the ability of harmonic distortion afterwards with its.

Embodiment

In description,, propose various details and substitute in order to explain.But, benefit from of the present disclosure those skilled in the art will appreciate that and can realize the present invention and do not use these details.In other instances, in order to blur explanation of the present invention without unnecessary details, known structure and equipment are shown as the block diagram form.

Power-factor correcting method and equipment

Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of the power factor correction circuit (PFC) 100 according to one aspect of the invention.Power factor (PF) is defined as the actual power that the flows to load ratio to apparent power, and is the number between 0 and 1.It can be expressed as percentage, and promptly 0.5pf is 50%.Actual power is the ability of circuit in the special time execution work.Apparent power be circuit electric current and voltage become product.For the available power of the transmission of same amount, PF extracts more multiple current near 0 duty ratio PF near 1 load basically.General understanding, PF is regarded as low PF near 0 and PF is regarded as high PF near 1.If be starved of optimize PF and make it near 1 especially when and the public utilities energy meter only write down apparent power rather than the active power that consumes by the time.Generally, utility company hopes in electric power networks, to have good power factor, so that optimize infrastructure and make it can be maximum to the meritorious energy of its consumer's transmission.The power factor of difference is such as 0.9 and lower, with producing the loss of too much apparent current in the line and making the electrical network anxiety because of higher electric current.

In the example of Fig. 1, PFC100 is arranged to the power factor of correction to the power that is transmitted by the dwelling house or the family of load 120 expressions.PFC100 generally is coupled to 110VAC circuit 101A and neutral line 101B.PFC100 is coupling between master meter 101 and the load 120.Most of families have several electrical equipment of the load of all representing consumed power.Usually, each load has idle component.This idle component generally is the result of the inductance attribute of most of normal load of finding in the family, such as motor, dryer HVAC unit or the dishwasher etc. of washing machine.The combination of all these loads is revealed as the single load 120 of public ammeter 101.But along with different components is activated and closes, the idle and actual component of ammeter 101 being seen loads 120 dynamically changes.For this reason, the dynamic PFC100 PF of revising load 120 dynamically.In some embodiments, wattless power measurement module 105 is electrically coupled to 110VAC power line (being also referred to as phase line) 101A and neutral line 101B through the first insulated conductor group 102 and the second lead group 103.Example shown, the first insulated conductor group 102 can be the electric wire that is coupled to 110VAC power line 101A.First contact sets 102 is measured the phase current component to the power of load transmission.Second contact sets 103 strides 110VAC power line 101A and neutral line 101B is coupled to measure phase voltage.Can comprise that step-down transformer 103A to reduce the amplitude of voltage, more simplifies PFC100, because lower voltage electronic equipment cost efficient is higher and make design easier.Wattless power measurement module 105 can be confirmed the reactive power of load through lead 102 and 103.Through example, wattless power measurement module 105 can comprise processor unit, such as analog machine ADE7878.Measurement module 105 also can be communicated by letter with ppu 107.

In some embodiments,controller 107 can be coupled selectively and have some reactive loads of different value, and forexample capacitor 110A-110C is parallelly connected so that the idle component of compensatingload 120 with load 120.Use binary to realize withload 110A-110C and load 120 couplings.In order to confirm the value ofload 110A-110C, preferably at first confirm minimum and maximum reactive power compensation scope.In binary realizes, can show the accuracy of PFC100 can be accurately half the for the value of the reactive power of minimum value among theload 110A-110C, the wherein corresponding bit of each load or quantization level.Minimum value is the minimum component of minimum bit reactive load and required quantification among theload 110A-110C.The exemplary realization of PFC100 shows that quantization level is 3.In other words, 3 bit reactive loads are arranged, that minimum is LSB, or the least significant bit reactive load, and the highest be MSB, or highest significant position reactive load.The accuracy of PFC100 can be expressed as:

Err_MAX＝LSB/2

Wherein LSB is optimally selected by equality:

LSB＝VAR_MAX/(2^N-.5)

VAR wherein_MAXThe maximum idle value and the N that are theload 120 that will compensate are quantization level.The accuracy of compensation of reactive component that is appreciated that quantization level andload 120 is directly proportional.Required quantization level can be confirmed as the balance of required accuracy to cost and complexity.The simulation of the minimum of theload 120 of proofreading and correct and about 50 samples of maximum reactive power is illustrated in the table 1:

Table 1:

	N＝1	N-2	N＝3	N＝4
					Accuracy is to 1LSB	49.1％LSB	47.9％LSB	45.5％LSB	46.8％LSB
Inaccuracy is to VARMAX	32.7％	13.7％	6.1％	3.0％

Proofread and correct reactive power value Q_C0RRConfirm by following algorithm:

IF(round(Q/LSB))＞(2^N-1)

Then?Q_C0RR＝LSB*(2^N-1)

Else Q_C0RR=LSB*Round (Q/LSB), all values are VAR

Wherein Q is the idle value of theload 120 that will compensate.As stated, the idle value ofload 120 dynamically changes when household electrical appliance are activated and close, and their reactive loads separately are coupled in the load 120.For this reason, wattless power measurement module 105 preferably is arranged to the reactive power ofload 120 and transmits reactive power to controller 107.Replacedly,controller 107 can be directly coupled to load 120 so that confirm reactive power immediately.If Q is 0 or just, the reactive component ofload 120 is inductive.Less, negative Q shows that the reactive component ofload 120 is capacitive.Table 2 illustrates the example of quantification to the influence of PFC100 accuracy.

Table 2

Through example, the active power of supposing to consume between 10 and 3000 watts, and the reactive power ofhypothesis load 120 in single phase, the configuration of 2 spider lines 8 and 2000VAR between.In this example, in order to explain, PF is fixed on 0.67.Can find out that the realization of 2 or 3 bits (being N=2 or N=3) general optimization power factor makes cost and complexity minimum basically to approach 1 simultaneously from table 2.For the instance in the 110V system, such as at US, and N=3 wherein, and for the example that proposes in the table 2,2 idle bit Q_LSBAnd Q_MSBAnd the reactance of intermediate bit Q is calculated as follows:

ZQ_LSB=U²/ Q_LSB=110V²/ 266.7VAR=45.37Ohm (pure capacitive character)

ZQ=U²/ Q=110V²/ 533.3VAR=22.68Ohm (pure capacitive character)

ZQ_MSB=U²/ Q=110V²/ 1066.7VAR=11.34Ohm (pure capacitive character)

Fig. 1 is got back in reference,capacitor 110A-110C, and wherein 110A is that LSB bit reactive load and 110C are MSB bit reactive loads, capacitor value calculates as follows:

C_LSB＝1/(2πFZQ_LSB)＝1/(2π*60Hz*45.37Ohm)＝58uF

C＝1/(2πFZQ)＝1/(2π*60Hz*22.68Ohm)＝117uF

C_MSB＝1/(2πFZQ_MSB)＝1/(2π*60Hz*11.34Ohm)＝234uF

Therefore, in this example, LSB bitreactive load 110A is 58uF, and bitreactive load 110B is 117uF, and MSB bitreactive load 110C is 234uF.Each bitreactive load 110A-110C is coupled in parallel to load 120 throughswitch 109A-109C.Each switch is enabled byswitch driver 108A-108C.Then BeControlled device 107 controls of each switch driver.As stated,controller 107 reactive power that both can measure theload 120 that will compensate also can have the information that is sent to it by wattless power measurement module 105.Controller can be coupled to memory 106.Replacedly,memory 106 can be the part of controller 107.Memory 106 can be stored the idle value of bit of the maximum reactive power value and theload 110A-110C of theload 120 that will compensate.In addition, butmemory 206 storage power factor correction records is so that give the user, such as house-owner, about the useful data of the power consumption features of dwelling house.Therefore,controller 107 selectivelyactivator switch driver 108A-108C enabling or disableswitch 109A-109C, thereby selectively bitreactive load 110A-110C is coupled in parallel to load 120, thereby the reactive power ofdynamic compensation load 120.

In some embodiments, controller 107 is coupled to communication module 114.Communication module 114 can be communicated by letter with other PFC unit 100.And, communication module 114 can be with user's set such as notebook computer or cellular telephone communication so that notify the user, such as house-owner, the amount of the correction of the state of PFC100 and PFC100 WKG working.Communication module 114 can be passed through wireless module 114A radio communication.Wireless module comprises antenna 114B, uses local WiFi network such as IEEE802.11.In some embodiments, wireless module 114A can be through standard technique such as CDMA or GSM and cellular phone network communications.The user such as the owner of dwelling house, can follow the tracks of the dynamic power consumption of its family so that make the wisdom decision of using about energy.Replacedly, communication module 114 can connect via LAN, series, parallel, IEEE1394Firewire or any other known or special-purpose wire communication standard via cable network through port one 15 communications.PFC100 also comprises DC power supply 104, is coupled to 110VAC power line 101A and neutral line 101B via step-down transformer 104A.The DC power supply can be that required dc voltage is to provide power to electronic equipment such as all the other modules among wattless power measurement module 105, controller 106 and the PFC100 with the power transfer from power line 101A.

In some embodiments, switch 109A-109C can be one or more transistors.Transistor can comprise any combination of bipolar transistor, MOS transistor, igbt transistor, FET transistor, BJT transistor, JFET transistor, IGFET transistor, mosfet transistor and any other type or transistorized subclass.For bipolar and igbt transistor, be weak 0 collector emitter voltage and the driving demand of transistor at the ON state for selecting some considerations bipolar or igbt transistor.And transistor generally is unidirectional, means that electric current generally flows to source electrode or flows to emitter from collector electrode from drain electrode.For this reason, preferably arrange 2 transistors, each is used for a direction of current flow, and each is coupled to 120 with its oneself bit reactive load.Another realizes considering to be that transistor generally needs supplementary protection diode antagonism reverse voltage when using transistor asswitch 109A-109C.For example, be used for more than 110 or 220VAC if transistor is specified, maximum emitter is about 5-10V to base voltage.Therefore, preferably realize protecting diode to connect with emitter with protective transistor during reverse half sine wave voltage.Because along with the energy loss of heat leakage, transistor possibly need one or more radiators.The power that transistor scatters and disappears in conducting state for half-sine wave is approximately:

Power＝U_CE*I_CE/2＝U_CE*(U_AC-U_CE)/(2*Z)

Suppose U_CESAT=2Volts is at 10A, such as ON semiconductor 2N3773, for common U.S. dwelling house power line U_AC=110Volts, Z=10.59ohm, each transistor can be approximately as the power of heat leakage

Power=2V* (110VAC-2V)/(the 2*10.59)=every transistor of 10.2W

2 bit reactive power corrective systems need 4 transistors, 4 capacitors and 4 power diodes.The gross power that is lost to heat among theswitch 109A-109C can be approximated to be:

Power＝2*10.2W(bit?2)+2*5.1W(bit?2＝LSB)＝30.6W

Therefore, preferably switch 109A-109C is coupled to radiator, PFC100 has been increased cost and complexity.

MOS and mosfet transistor generally are the lower lost devices of power.But MOS and MOSFET device also are unidirectional and need protection to avoid too much anti-V_GSVoltage.MOS or switch mosfet are that the power that half sine wave voltage is scattered and disappeared can be approximated to be in conducting state:

Power＝R_{DS_ON}*I_DS/2＝(R_{DS_ON}/2)*(U_AC/Z)2

Suppose R_{DS_ON}=0.13ohm is at 10A, such as ST microelectronic device STF20N20, for common U.S. dwelling house power line U_AC=110Volts, Z=10.59ohm, the power as heat leakage in the switch can be approximately

Power＝0.13ohm/2*(110VAC/10.59ohm)2＝7.01W

2 bit reactive power corrective systems need 4 transistors, 4 capacitors and 4 power diodes.The gross power of scattering and disappearing in the switch can be approximated to be

Power＝2*7.01W(bit?2)+2*3.5W(bit?2＝LSB)＝21.0W

Though it is about 1/3rd inswitch 109A-109C, to use MOS or MOSFET to reduce the power that is lost to heat, still need the radiator used heat that scatters and disappears.Though have very low R_{DS_ON}MOS or MOSFET device be that market is on sale, they generally bear higher cost.

Shown in Figure 2 is PFC200 according to one embodiment of the present invention.Be similar to the PFC100 of Fig. 1, PFC200 is arranged to the power factor of correction to the power that is transmitted by the dwelling house or the family ofload 220 expressions.PFC200 is coupled to110VAC circuit 201A andneutral line 201B usually.PFC200 is coupling betweenmaster meter 201 and the load 220.In some embodiments, wattless power measurement module 205 is electrically coupled to 110VACpower line 201A andneutral line 201B through the first insulation contact group 202 and second contact sets 203.Example illustrates, and first contact sets 202 can be the electric wire that is coupled to 110VAC power line 201A.First contact sets 202 is measured the phase current component to the power of load transmission.Second contact sets 203 strides110VAC power line 201A andneutral line 201B is coupled to measure phase voltage.Can comprise that step-downtransformer 103A makes PFC200 more simplify with the amplitude that reduces voltage, because the electronic equipment cost efficiency of low voltage is higher and design more easily.Through example, wattless power measurement module 105 can comprise processor unit, such as analog machine ADE7753.In some embodiments, module 205 can be transmitted rapid drawdown or excessive voltage condition tomicrocontroller 207.

Controller 207 is coupled to wattless power measurement module 205.Controller 207 is coupled to a plurality of TRIAC driver 208A and 208B.Bidirectional thyristor driver 208A and 208B then are arranged to and activate and close a plurality of TRIAC 209A and 209B selectively.In the example shown, use 10mA to drive TRIAC.But, can use other drive TRIAC according to its specification.TRIAC that is used to exchange or triode are the electronic building brick of Approximate Equivalent in reverse parallel connection configuration coupling, its grid electric coupling 2 thyristors together.This causes the electronic switch can conduct current in either direction and therefore have no polarity.It can be activated through the plus or minus voltage that puts on gate electrode.In case be activated, equipment continues conducting and drops to up to the electric current through it and be lower than certain threshold value that is known as holding current.Therefore, TRIAC is to AC circuit switch very easily, and very powerful control is flowed with milliampere level Control current.Generally understand TRIAC and belong to the bigger component class that is called thyristor.Thyristor includes but not limited to: thyristor (SCR); Turn-off thyristor (GTO); Static induction thyristor (SIT); MOS controls thyristor (MCT); Distributed buffer-turn-off thyristor (DB-GTO); Integrated grid commutated thyristor (IGCT); MOS synthesizes static induction thyristor (CSMT); Reverse conducting triode thyristor (RCT); Asymmetric SCR (ASCR); Photoactivation SCR (LASCR); Light triggered thyristor (LTT); Breakdown diode (BOD); Modification anode turn-off thyristor (MA-GTO); Distributed buffer turn-off thyristor (DB-GTO); Base resistance control thyristor (BRT); Field controlled thyristor (MCTh); And switch (LASS) is partly led in photoactivation.Benefiting from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure will understand the execution mode of the PFC200 of Fig. 2 and can be easy to revise to use any known or special-purpose thyristor to realize that particular design or application demand are to realize PFC200.

Controller 207 can realize above like the described algorithm of Fig. 1 to enable throughTRIAC driver 208A and 208B or to forbidTRIAC 209A and 209B.Advantageously, TRIAC likes lower logic threshold to enable them.Therefore, can use littler and more how cost-effective assembly asdriver 208A and 208B.When being enabled,TRIAC 209A and 209B with bitreactive load 210A and 210B and load 220 parallel coupled so that the power factor of compensate for poor.Alternatively, can realize the noise offilter 212 and 213 to reduce switching noise or to introduce by TRIAC.

In some embodiments, controller 207 is coupled to communication module 214.Communication module 214 can with PFC unit 200 in any one is communicated by letter.And, communication module 214 can be with user's set such as notebook computer or cellular telephone communication so that notify the user, such as house-owner, the amount of the correction of the state of PFC200 and PFC200 WKG working.Communication module 214 can use local WiFi network such as the IEEE802.11 radio communication through the wireless module 214A with antenna 214B.And, wireless module 214A can with cellular network such as CDMA or gsm communication, so the user can use cell phone to follow the tracks of and to make the wisdom decision of relevant its family's power consumption.Replacedly, communication module 214 can connect via LAN, series, parallel, IEEE1394 Firewire or any other known wire communication standard via cable network through port 215 communications.Memory module 206 is coupled to controller 207.Memory module 206 can stored information such as can be from the greatest hope idle component of load 120 expectations, the corrective action of PFC200 is historical, or any other the useful data that can collected or used by PFC200.PFC200 also comprises the DC power supply 204 that is coupled to 110VAC power line 201A and neutral line 201B via step-down transformer 204A.The DC power supply can with from the power transfer of power line 201A to required dc voltage power to be provided, such as all the other modules among wattless power measurement module 205, controller 207 and the PFC200 to electronic equipment.

Benefit from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure and will understand respectively that the PFC100 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and PFC200 illustrate 2 lines, 2 phase systems.PFC100 or PFC200 follow the realization of Fig. 1 and 2 to the realization of 3 phase 3 lines or the configuration of 4 spider lines; Except bitreactive load 110A-110C and 210A-210B, switch 109A-109C,TRIAC 209A and 209B; Filter 112,113,212,213 and relevant drive circuit increase to 3 times and from mutually 1 to 2, from mutually 2 to 3 and from 3 to 1 connecting mutually.If the neutral line can be used, can realize Y-connection; Promptly from mutually 1 to the neutral line, from mutually 2 to the neutral line and from 3 connecting mutually to the neutral line.PFC100 and PFC200 can be to any reactive load independent compensation up to total maximum recoverable values.Through example, have be connected 3 mutually between 300-600VAR air-conditioning unit, be connected mutually 2 and the neutral line between 100-400VAR washing machine and be connected mutually 3 and the neutral line between the house of dryer of 100-250VAR can be proofreaied and correct fully up to the idle value of maximum recoverable.

Aberration emendation method and equipment

Less than desirable power factor is the prevailing weakness that will proofread and correct in the electric power networks.Another and more common weakness and problem source are owing to nonlinear load and the distortion that has in the power line that can bear but bring less than the continuous increase of the electronic equipment of desirable power adapters.Generally, when in power adapters, particular design not being provided, the AC power signal at first two complete rectifications of sinusoidal period quilt and then by roughly filtering of large capacitor, is the DC-DC power electronics of isolating, such as integrated circuit afterwards generally.This can bear and non-energy star solution produces the current harmonics that feeds back to network.The result is that current waveform is parabola shaped rather than sinusoidal wave near truncation.Distortion can comprise the distortion of harmonic distortion, noise or any other form that the various characteristics of load absorption and reflection power cause.

Fig. 3 A is that time of the power signal with distortion of power factor correcting is to Figure 30 0 of amplitude.First 320 with millisecond express time and second 310 amplitude that is general magnitude scale factor with demonstration electric current and voltage.It is sinusoidal wave that voltage U (t) 330 is revealed as desirable 60Hz.But, current i_TOT(t) serious distortion is to the degree that no longer resembles corresponding sine wave.Fig. 3 B illustrates the similar Figure 40 0 with time shaft 420 and amplitude axis 410.Voltage waveform 430 tight tracking ideal sine waves.But, current waveform 440 serious distortions.In dwelling house, use in a large number with the standard resistor load ubiquitous can to cause that with low-quality power adapters current waveform 440 shows this distortion: but some resemble sinusoidal wave still serious distortion.Fig. 3 C illustrates the similar Figure 50 0 with time shaft 520 and amplitude axis 510.Here, owing to introduce one or more heavy reactive loads such as air-conditioning and dryer unit, current waveform 530 is for voltage waveform 540 even distortion more seriously.At last, Fig. 3 D is Figure 60 0 of 630 pairs of voltage waveforms 640 of common current waveform.Be not only heavy reactive load, ohmic load and AC-DC power adapters and cause the remarkable distortion in the electric current 630, and also have the phase shift 670 between electric current 630 and voltage 640.In this example, distortion is depicted as the peak 660 in the current signal 630 of distortion.In this example, about 30 degree of phase shift are corresponding to PF 0.67.For correcting distortion, preferably at first proofread and correct PF.Can be through the said method among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 or device or any other method acquisition easily PF correction.Through the current waveform 630 of distortion is obtained correction signal 650 with comparing near ideal sine wave approximate voltage waveform (not shown).Correction signal 650 comprises the distortion factor in the current waveform 630.The said factor can be 1, but the said factor can be that any essential multiplicand is to obtain the required amplitude ratio of current waveform.Through example, multiplicand can be that voltage transitions is become electric current or current conversion become the factor of voltage.When correction signal 650 was coupled to current signal 630 selectively, the result was the current signal 640 with the correction that significantly reduces or eliminates distortion.

Fig. 4 shows the schematic block diagram that is used to suppress or eliminate the circuit 800 of distortion described in Fig. 3 D.Circuit 800 is coupling between public ammeter 801 and the load 840.Load 840 can be an any load, but it is the residence in this application and example.Load 840 comprises all electric equipment in the residence of a load 840 that shows as public ammeter 801 together.Thereby because in the dwelling house device be activated and close coupling and de its separately load to load 840, the characteristic of load 840 dynamically changes.PFC875 can be with the power factor correcting in the power line 833 to being 1 basically.Processor 810 can detect electric current through sensing power line 833.In this illustrative embodiments, processor 810 is analog machines.But, benefit from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure and will understand digital processing and can be replaced.Processor 810 can also detect voltage through the sensing power line 833 and the neutral line 834.Power line 833 is also referred to as phase line.In this exemplary implementation, processor 810 comprises 2 difference inputs.Multiplier G1 812 and G2 813 are coupled in each input.The scaled curtage that multiplier 812 and 813 can use any application-specific required or circuit 800 or realization to need.G1 is arranged to from power line 833 received currents.In this embodiment, multiplier G2 can become current signal with the voltage transitions of sensing.Voltage and current passes through its corresponding RMS value by convergent-divergent.Multiplier 812 and 813 can be standard analog operational amplifier or any other useful circuit.Subtracter 814 is coupled in multiplier 812 and 813 output.In some embodiments, subtracter 814 is arranged to the output of the convergent-divergent of comparison G1 812 and G2 813, thus the correction signal of obtaining, such as the signal 650 of Fig. 3 D.Advantageously, convert two inputs into electric current and allow to use simple subtraction device 814.But two inputs also can be converted into voltage signal.In some embodiments, can comprise that preferably piece loop gain and loop filter 821 are with control procedure and optimization system control ratio such as dynamic behaviour, stability, gain border, border or the like mutually.It should be noted that subtracter 814 can be arranged to through deducting the total current with distortion from reference signal, or deduct reference signal, total current is compared with reference signal from total current with distortion.Can make configuration be fit to specific implementation or application demand.Therefore, correction signal can be directly proportional with the distortion in the total current or inverse ratio.

Correction signal and currents combination have the current signal of the correction that significantly reduces or eliminates distortion with formation, such as the signal among Fig. 3 D 640.In execution mode shown in Figure 4, negative rectifier 815 and positive ion deterioration 822 are coupled in the output of loop filter 821.815 of negative rectifier are coupled to the first controlled current source 831 and negative rectifier is coupled to the second controlled current source 832.In some applications, such as the example of Fig. 4, descending impedance can have with load 840 and compares very little impedance from the network of ammeter 801.Therefore, when electric current is injected into the correction negative distortion, electric current will be irritated to electrical network rather than load 840.Therefore, distortion will be exaggerated.For this reason, the execution mode of Fig. 4 draws electric current in response to negative distortion from power line 833, and irritates electric current in response to positive distortion.Because the impedance unbalance of electrical network and load 840, irritate selectively and the electric current that draws with correcting distortion.When correction signal when negative, mean that distortion component is is to subtract to total current, positive ion deterioration 822 enables the second controlled current source 832.The second controlled current source 832 is coupled to negative DC power supply 852.When the second controlled current source 832 is enabled, draw electric current from power line 833.In one embodiment, wherein electric network impedance draws electric current less than the impedance of load 840 from electrical network rather than load, causes the interpolation effect to load 840.When correction signal is correct time, mean that distortion component is is to add to total current, negative rectifier 815 enables the first controlled current source 831.The first controlled current source 831 is coupled to positive DC power supply 851.When the first controlled current source 831 was enabled, electric current was poured into power line 833 from positive DC power supply 851.And in the application of electric network impedance less than load 840, electric current will be poured into electrical network rather than load, cause the effect that subtracts to load 840.Be in operation, through drawing selectively according to correction signal or irritating electric current in power line, correction signal is such as signal 650 and waveform 630 combinations of the current signal with distortion such as Fig. 3 C.One of the positive part of correction signal and negative part of correction signal are coupled to one of controlled current source 831 and 832 selectively.This can dynamically accomplish when the distortion component of power line 833 changes along with the change in the load 840 because processor 810 continues comparative voltage and electric current and continues to obtain correction signal.Replacedly, processor 810 can produce its oneself reference signal to compare with the current signal of distortion.For example, the electric power of the U.S. transmits with 60Hz.Therefore, the 60Hz function generator in the processor 810 can produce ideal sine wave to compare with the current signal of distortion and therefore to obtain correction signal.Replacedly, can realize phase-locked loop with the zero-crossing timing of latch voltage so that obtain the reference signal of approximate ideal.As stated, subtracter 814 can be arranged to form with total current in distortion be directly proportional or the correction signal of inverse ratio.Formation is directly proportional with distortion or the correction signal of inverse ratio if subtracter 814 is arranged to, and then the positive part of distortion will correspondingly cause drawing electric current from power line 833.Equally, the negative part of distortion will correspondingly cause electric current to be poured in the power line.Vice versa.In the execution mode that distortion in correction signal and total current is inversely proportional to, the negative part of correction signal will cause drawing electric current from power line 833.Equally, the positive part of correction signal will cause electric current to be poured in the power line 833.

Though execution mode shown in Figure 4 uses extensively available and cost-effective assembly, is appreciated that controlledcurrent source 831 and 832 efficiencies are not very high.Suppose that positiveDC power supply 851 is 250V, the instantaneous voltage in thepower line 833 is 150V, and correction current signal is 10A, and power lost and that lose into used heat can be several hectowatts.

For this reason, Fig. 5 illustrates the distortion reduction circuit 900 with modulator 920.Be similar to the circuit 800 of Fig. 4, circuit 900 is coupled between public ammeter 901 and the load 940.Load 940 can be an any load, but in this application and example, it is the residence.Load 940 comprises all electric equipment in the residence of a load 940 that shows as public ammeter 901 together.It is 1 basically that PFC975 can make the power factor of power line 933.PFC975 can be according to Fig. 1 or 2 or any other PFC easily.As stated, the characteristic of load 940 dynamically changes.Processor 910 can detect electric current through sensing power line 933.In this illustrative embodiments, processor 910 is analog machines.But benefiting from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure has a lot of commercial available digital processors can carry out following function understanding.Processor 910 also can detect voltage through the sensing power line 833 and the neutral line 934.In this illustrative embodiments, processor 910 comprises 2 difference inputs.Multiplier G1 912 and G2 913 are coupled in each input.G2 913 can use with the G2 813 similar modes of Fig. 4 voltage transitions as current signal and be depicted as the mode of simplification.Multiplier 912 and 913 can be standard analog operational amplifier or any other useful circuit.Subtracter 914 is coupled in multiplier 912 and 913 output.In some embodiments, subtracter 914 is arranged to the output that deducts G1 912 from the output of G2 913, thus the correction signal of obtaining, such as the signal 650 of Fig. 3 D.In some embodiments, the most handy zoom factor multiply by this correction signal.Through example, the loop gain filter is included to similar fashion control procedure shown in Figure 4 and the RMS value combination correction signal that passes through electric current 811 in some embodiments.

Modulator 920 is coupled in the output of loop filter.In this illustrative embodiments, modulator 920 is pulse width modulator (PWM).But; Any method or the scheme of modulation can be embodied as concrete application; And the design limit needs, include but not limited to PWM, delta-sigma modulation, pulse code modulation, pulse density modulated, pulse position modulation or any other known or special-purpose modulation scheme.Modulator 920 comprises positive trigger comparator 822 and negative trigger comparator 823, when the correction signal from multiplier 915 emissions is to send high logic level correct time and send low logic level when bearing when correction signal.In some embodiments, low logic level can be a negative value.Pulse generator 921 produces triangular waves, its through combinational logic 925 with from the positive part of the correction signal of negative trigger comparator 922 emissions and from the negative part combination of the correction signal of positive trigger comparator 923 emissions.Therefore, formed the PWM correction signal of between the positive and negative part, separating.Combinational logic 925 is arranged to selectively the positive part of PWM correction signal and first controlled switch 932 couplings.The first controlled switch 932 is coupled to negative DC power supply 952.Combinational logic 925 also is arranged to the negative part and the second controlled switch 931 of the PWM correction signal that is coupled selectively.The second controlled switch is coupled to positive DC power supply 952.

Be in operation, switch 931 and 932 just is or bears and controlled selectively by the PWM correction signal according to the PWM correction signal.In some embodiments, positive PWM correction signal means the distortion that will proofread and correct in thepower line 933 for negative, and vice versa.In order to proofread and correct the negative distortion in thepower line 933, be enabled according to the negative part second controlledswitch 831 of PWM correction signal.The second controlled switch, when being enabled, according to the PWM correction signal, coupling is from the source and thepower line 933 of positive DC power supply 951.

In the execution mode of Fig. 5, show an execution mode, the impedance of wherein public ammeter 901 (and descending electrical network) has the impedance littler than load 940.Therefore, if attempt to proofread and correct positive distortion with negative PWM correction signal, the electric current that draws frompower line 933 will draw from electrical network rather than load 940.Therefore, distortion will be exaggerated.For this reason, the impedance ofload 940 application, use positive PWM correction signal to proofread and correct positive distortion and with negative PWM correction signal correction negative distortion greater than the impedance of the electrical network descending fromammeter 901.

In some embodiments, best filtering correction signal.For this reason, comprised filter 933.Similar, in order to proofread and correct the positive distortion in thepower line 933, be enabled according to the negative part first controlledswitch 832 of PWM correction signal.The first controlled switch when being enabled, draws electric current to negativeDC power source 952 according to the PWM correction signal from power line 933.Therefore, from the electric current ofpower line 933, reduced distortion basically.And 934 filtering of the most handy second filter are from the PWM noise of power line 933.Each of positive DC power source 951 and negativeDC power source 952 comprises that electric current restriction andsensing module 935 and 936 are used for transmitting any overcurrent or undercurrent condition toprocessor 910.

Fig. 6 illustrates another execution mode of distortion correction circuit 1000.In addition, circuit 1000 is coupled to the power line 1032 and the neutral line 1034, in 2 lines, the 1 phase electric power system between public ammeter 1001 and load 1040.Load 1040 comprises all devices and other electronic equipments in the dwelling house that shows as a load 1040 with idle attribute.In this embodiment, electric current is processed 1200 measurements of device unit.PFC1275 can proofread and correct the power factor in the power line 1032 as stated.Processor unit 1200 comprises electric current and voltage measurement module 1202.Module 1202 also can be arranged to does RMS and distortion computation.Module 1202 can be a digital signal processing module.In some embodiments, module 1202 comprises that one or more analog to digital converters are used for converting data into digital bit stream such as amplitude, phase place and distortion, can digitally perform mathematical calculations to it.Processor 1200 can also have memory module 1201.Memory module 1201 can be stored the information that relevant dynamic harmonic is proofreaied and correct, such as one day when in correction the most active.Memory 1201 can be removed and be inserted into equipment such as in the computer, makes the user can make the wisdom decision that relevant energy uses.Replacedly, processor 1200 comprises the communication module (not shown).Communication module can through line such as the LAN cable or through suitable standard such as IEEE802.11 or blue teeth wireless be connected to the internet.And communication module can be through cellular standards such as GSM or cdma communication.The protection module 1203 that merges to processor 1200 can make circuit 1000 outages at the fault condition of any definition, such as overvoltage, overcurrent and excess temperature.This fault condition can be stored in the memory 1201.

Processor 1200 can calculate to have the total current of distortion and produces reference signal in the power line 1032.Digital to analog converter can convert the digital bit stream of representing total current and reference signal to analog waveform.Be similar to the execution mode of Figure 4 and 5, the total current signal can be deducted from reference signal by subtracter.Replacedly, processor 1200 can digitally deduct total current from reference signal, thereby forms digital correction signal.Processor 1200 can also be through any suitable known or special-purpose modulating device modulation digital correction signal.Whether modulated correction signal can must be drawn or be poured in theline 1032 then according to electric current is coupled with thefirst transistor 1031 or transistor seconds 1030 selectively, to proofread and correct the distortion in the total current.First andsecond transistors 1031 and 1030 are as switch, when modulated correction signal enables, to irritating electric current or draw electric current from it from theline 1032 inpositive DC source 1051 or negative DC source 1052.In some embodiments, preferably includefirst filter 1033 andsecond filter 1034 with the PWM noise of difference filtering from thefirst transistor 1031 and transistor seconds 1030.

Fig. 7 illustrates the more detailed execution mode of Fig. 4,5 and 6 invention.Power factor and distortion correction module 1300 are coupling between public ammeter 1302 and the equivalent house load 1340.Load 1340 is to be activated and to close and the expression of the dynamic load that changes along with the device in the dwelling house.Positive DC power source 1351 comprises that optional low pass filter 1303 is used for any noise harmonic that filtering can be striden phase line 1333 and the neutral line 1334 appearance.AC power from electrical network 1301 is also passed through holding capacitor 1305 by 1304 rectifications of bridge rectifier.Provide PFC module 1306 to be used to proofread and correct power factor less than desirable.PFC module 1306 can be used any method or the equipment described in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and the appended explanation.First switch current 1331 comprises the first transistor 1308A that is coupled to processing unit 1310.The signal driving transistors 1308A of processing unit 1310 usefulness modulation.In response to like the described correction signal of above execution mode in Fig. 5 and 6, transistor 1308A will be coupled to phase line 1333 from the electric current of positive DC power source 1351.Provide optional low pass filter 1309A to be used for the filtering modulation signal.Electric current restriction and transducer 1310A can transmit overcurrent condition to processor 1310.Transducer 1310A is represented by resistor, but can be any useful sensing module that is used for the sense over current condition.Positive DC power source also is coupled to negative PFC module 1352 through reverse electrical source capacitor 1307.Reverse holding capacitor 1307 provides and the proportional negative DC power of being supplied by DC power source 1351 of power.According to the method and apparatus described in Fig. 1 and 2, negative PFC module 1352 can be proofreaied and correct the power factor on the phase line 1333.Negative PFC module 1352 is coupled to second commutation circuit 1332.Second commutation circuit 1332 comprises the second switching transistor 1308B that also is used for receiving from processing unit 1310 correction signal of modulation, and is of the execution mode of Fig. 5 and 6.Processing unit 1310 comprises scale multiplier G1 and G2.In this embodiment, G2 is coupled to voltage current adapter.Subtracter can be compared a voltage signal to obtain correction signal with another, of above execution mode.The output that modulator is coupled to subtracter is used to modulate correction signal.In this embodiment, show PWM.But, can use any known or special-purpose modulation scheme.In some embodiments, loop filter is coupling between subtracter and the modulator, is used for control procedure and optimization system control ratio such as dynamic behaviour, stability, gain border, border etc. mutually.In addition, external treatment can be used for current measurement, voltage measurement, RMS and distortion computation and comprises that memory is such as RAM or ROM.

Fig. 8 illustrates another execution mode, wherein irritates and draws current path to compriseinductance 1360 and 1361, and each is used for modulation level and smooth and that filtering can produce the voltage and current spike.The first andsecond switching transistor 1308A and 1308B can be in almost rise and whentransistor 1308A or 1308B are under an embargo, are respectively inductor 1360 and 1361 and charge, and make current charges reduce to 0 with the almost mode.Need fly-wheel diode 1363 to be used to avoid electric current to cut off rapidly to avoid because the destructive high voltage spike that inductance causes.Second fly-wheel diode 1364 is coupled in parallel to second inductor 1362.The current waveform that forms be similar to seesaw shape and makefilter 1309A and 1309B simpler.In some embodiments,inductor 1361 and 1362 is integrated amongfilter 1309A and the 1309B.Advantageously, draw and the loss of irritating in the path of current is reduced.In some embodiments, can comprise that shunt capacitor reclaims any energy of losing by fly-wheel diode 1363 and 1364.In the execution mode of Fig. 8,inductor 1361 and 1362 is coupling in respectively between switchingtransistor 1308A and 1308B andlow pass filter 1309A and the 1309B.

In some applications, preferably inductor 1361 and 1362 be coupling in PFC module 1351 and 1352 and transistor 1308A and 1308B between, make inductance directly not be coupled, and be modified from electrical network 1301 measured impedance with load 1340.Fig. 9 illustrates this realization.Fig. 9 illustrates the first current charges inductor 1363A that is coupling between positive PFC module 1351 and the first transistor 1308A.And, the second charging inductance device 1363B that is coupling between negative PFC module 1362 and the transistor seconds 1308B is provided.Advantageously, when measuring with electrical network equiva lent impedance 1302, the first and second charging inductance device 1363A and 1363B do not form the additional inductor or the reactance of equivalent house load 1340, thereby alleviate any power factor correcting demand.Be similar to Fig. 8, each is coupled in parallel to fly-wheel diode 1364A and 1364B the first and second charging inductance device 1363A and 1363B.As stated, fly-wheel diode is the diode of protective transistor, switch, relay contact etc., when switching the inductive load (relay, motor etc.) of DC power supply, is called afterflow (or flyback) diode.What fly-wheel diode was normally desirable works as through the unexpected instance that interrupts of the electric current of inductive load because have.In this instance, back-emf (EMF) will be set up along with field weakening, and if be not used in path of current, high voltage is set up.High voltage can damage transistor or cause breakdown transistors.Fly-wheel diode is striden inductive load and is oppositely connected, and is provided for path of current, so magnetic field and electric current can reduce safely.

Figure 10 illustrates another replacement execution mode of the circuit that is used for the power line distortion correction.Best, and in some places that needs, electronic equipment and power line electricity are isolated.Electricity is isolated the principle of the isolation features part that is electrical system, prevents that electric current from directly conducting to another part from a part.Energy and/or information still can exchange through other modes between part, for example electric capacity, inductance, electromagnetic wave, light, sound or mechanical means.The electricity isolation is used in the scenario: two parts of wherein two or more circuit or a system must transmit or shift energy; But their ground maybe be at different electromotive forces; Perhaps a part more is subject to the current spike influence than another part, or owing to a lot of reasons of protecting.Through stop undesired electric current between two unit of shared earthing conductor, to flow breaking off ground loop is effective method.Electricity is isolated and also is used for security consideration, stops unexpected electric current through human body arrival point (building floor).

Figure 10 illustrates correcting harmonic distortion system 1300, and wherein electronic equipment is isolated at outlet side and equivalent house load 1340 electricity.In Figure 10, first winding 1371 of transformer 1370 is coupled in the output of the first switching transistor 1308A and transistor seconds 1308B.Preferably, transformer 1370 is high-frequency high-power transformers.Secondary 1372 of transformer 1370 is coupled in parallel to equivalent house load 1340.Alternatively, low pass filter 1375 can be arranged in secondary 1372 and equivalent house load 1340 between be used for filtering and come adaptive switched any artifact remaining.When circuit 1300 when proofreading and correct negative harmonic wave, mean that electric current is poured in the equivalent house load 1340, according to the switching signal that processing unit 1310 provides to transistor 1308A, electric current is irritated from centre cap 1374 (being coupled to ground).So, the voltage that produces on elementary 1371 be reflected to secondary 1372 and current corresponding be poured in the equivalent house load 1340.Similarly, in the time will proofreading and correct positive harmonic wave, mean and to draw electric current from equivalent house load 1340, to transistor 1308B switching signal is provided from processing unit 1310.Negative voltage forms on elementary 1371, and it is to secondary 1372 reflections.Advantageously, do not have electronic equipment, directly be coupled with equivalent house load 1340 such as processing unit 1310, electric current and voltage measurement module and processor and memory 1305, PFC module 1351 and 1352.Alternatively, can obtain system 1300 electricity isolation completely through between optional low pass filter 1303 and rectifier 1304, inserting isolating transformer, and add the transformer that is used for the phase voltage measurement and present computing unit 1311.But, be appreciated that the electric current of irritating or drawing will be along the path of minimum resistance.Therefore, the negative or positive harmonic wave in school that irritate or needn't put on the load of equivalent house respectively from the electric current that the load of equivalent house is drawn to equivalent house load 1340.Node 1380A and 1380B form shunt between load of equivalent house and electrical network equiva lent impedance 1302.Generally, the electrical network equiva lent impedance can be very low, and is identical or lower with equivalent house load 1340 ranks.Naturally, will alternatively irritate to the electric current that equivalent house load 1340 is irritated, and get back to electrical network usually to electrical network equiva lent impedance 1302.Similarly, want alternatively to extract from electrical network equiva lent impedance 1302 from the electric current that equivalent house load 1340 is drawn.This will cause the harmonic distortion in the incomplete correction power line.

For this reason, Figure 11 shows total harmonic distortion corrective system 1500, and wherein electric current is drawn selectively with configured in series or irritates to equivalent house load 1540, thus the shunt that node 1380A that eliminates at Figure 10 and 1380B form.In Figure 10, the output of transistor 1508A and 1508B is coupled to has elementary to the transformer 1570 of the centre cap 1574 on ground.But, in the configuration of Figure 11, secondary 1573 with equivalent house load 1540 series coupled.Optional low pass filter 1572 and 1575 be coupling in secondary 1573 and electrical network equiva lent impedance 1502 between, and secondary and equivalent house load 1540 is respectively applied for any artifact that filtering switches or from any other high frequency artifact of electrical network 1501.In this exemplary realization, in order to proofread and correct positive harmonic wave, processing unit sends pwm signal to the transistor 1508B that is coupled to negative PFC module 1535.When the voltage signal of correspondence formed on elementary 1571, it was reflected to secondary 1573.Because secondary 1573 connect with equivalent house load 1540, electric current can only draw from equivalent house load 1540, because there is not shunt that the path of less resistance is provided.Similarly, in the time will proofreading and correct negative harmonic wave, mean that electric current will pour in the equivalent house load 1540, electric current has only flow direction.This causes harmonic correction more completely.

In some applications, the EMI that is caused by switching output (such as transistor 1508A and 1508B) is unfavorable or unacceptable.For this reason, provide that draw and irritate the positive and negative power supply of electric current can be modulated or more carefully operated the needs to avoid modulating.For this reason, G class and H class power supply may be incorporated in the described system of Fig. 6-11.G class power supply uses " track switching " to reduce power consumption and to raise the efficiency.There are some power rails to use, and use different tracks according to the instantaneous power consumption demand.Therefore, less zone is arranged between signal that will drive and power rails.So amplifier is raised the efficiency through reducing at the power of output transistor waste.G class power supply is more efficient than AB class, but efficient is lower when comparing the negative EMI effect of not switching with handoff solution.Figure 12 A illustrates the output map 1200 that has voltage axis 1201 and time shaft 1202, the signal 1203 and a plurality of voltage rail 1204A-1204F of expression modulation.To t=1, the amplitude of modulated signal 1203 is less than V1 from time t=0.Therefore, G class power supply is synchronized to voltage rail V1 1204C.When switching transistor was switched on the acclivity that causes thus seeing and starts near t=1, driver (for example, the current source 831 and 832 of Fig. 4) scattered and disappeared power for heat and therefore lower efficiency.Because to compare value low for track V1 1204C and modulated signal 1203 when time t=1, total inefficiently significantly reduce.Because the amplitude of modulated signal 1203 increases between time t=1 and t=2, the voltage rail that needs big value is to drive modulated signal.For this reason, switch to track V21204B.Similarly, because the amplitude of modulated signal 1203 increases once more, after time t=3, use V3 1204A.Similarly, in negative cycle, negative rail 1204D-1204F is switched to the order like the negative amplitude increase of the signal modulated from time t=4 to t=6 1203.

Figure 12 B illustrates theoutput 1250 of H class power supply.H class A amplifier A modulation power source class of track is similar to the situation of G class power supply, but through continuing the modulation supply track to form the infinitely variable supply track further.This accomplishes through the modulation supply track, so in any given time, track only is that the specific output signal is big relatively slightly for absolute value.Therefore, output stage is at any time with its maximal efficiency operation.Figure 125 0 hasvoltage axis 1251 and time shaft 1252.In order to simplify, use the identical modulatedsignal 1253 shown in Figure 12 A.In the H class A amplifier A,power rail voltage 1254 is followed the tracks of modulatedsignal 1253 closely.Therefore, modulatedsignal 1253 and the difference between therailway voltage 1254 are reduced constantly.Therefore, driving arrangement (for example, thecurrent source 831 and 832 of Fig. 4) is driven efficiently.

Figure 12 C illustrates the realization that harmonic distortion reduces the H class power supply in the system 1600.H class power supply comprises the rectifier 1610 that dc voltage is provided to positive Switching power 1620 and negative Switching power 1630.Rectifier 1610 is electrically coupled to phase line 1603 and receives the AC power source with the neutral line 1604 and from it.Optional low pass filter 1611 can any undesired noise of filtering or AC power in artifact.Rectifier 1612 arrives DC power with the AC power rectification of filtering.Any known, easily or special-purpose rectification circuit will satisfy, such as the bridge rectifier.In some embodiments, PFC module 1615 is provided so that the power factor of the power that provides is 1 basically.Through example, can use like Fig. 1 and 2 and the corresponding described power factor correction circuit of text.Just switch supply 1610 and comprising switching transistor 1611.Switching transistor 1611 receives control signal to form correction signal through the sample that deducts phase line 1603 from reference signal from the processing unit 1650 like the said operation of Fig. 6-11.According to control signal, switching transistor 1611 forms pwm signal, and it is through getting the just average LC afterflow network 1622 of pwm signal.Any artifact or noise are by optional low pass filter 1623 filtering.Provide over-current sensor 1624 to be used to control or limit the situation of current surge.Similarly, negative switching supply 1630 comprises switching transistor 1631.And switching transistor 1631 receives control signal from processing unit 1650.Under the situation of negative Switching power 1630, if there is positive harmonic wave to proofread and correct, processing unit 1650 only transmits control signal, and is said with corresponding text like top several figure.According to control signal, switching transistor 1631 forms pwm signal, and it is through getting another negative average LC afterflow network 1632 of pwm signal.Any artifact or noise are by optional low pass filter 1633 filtering.Provide over-current sensor 1634 to be used to control or limit the situation of current surge.

Figure 12 D illustrates another execution mode that the harmonic distortion with H class power supply reduces system 1700.Be similar to the execution mode of Figure 16, rectifier 1710 is electrically coupled to phase line 1703 and receives the AC power source with the neutral line 1704 and from it.Any undesired artifact of low pass filter 1711 in can filtering AC power.Bridge rectifier 1712 arrives DC power with the AC power rectification of filtering.Though mention the bridge rectifier, any known, easily or special-purpose rectification circuit will satisfy, such as the bridge rectifier.In some embodiments, PFC module 1715 is provided so that the power factor of the power that provides is 1 basically.Through example, can use like Fig. 1 and 2 and the corresponding described power factor correction circuit of text.Just switch supply 1710 and comprising switching transistor 1721.Switching transistor 1721 receives control signal to form correction signal through the sample that deducts phase line 1703 from reference signal from the processing unit 1750 like the said operation of Fig. 6-11.According to control signal, switching transistor 1721 forms pwm signal, and it is through getting the just average LC afterflow network 1722 of pwm signal.Any artifact or noise are by optional low pass filter 1723 filtering.Provide over-current sensor 1724 to be used to control or limit the situation of current surge.The positive of the modulation that positive Switching power 1710 provides is presented the second positive switching transistor 1725.The second positive switching transistor 1725 also is processed unit 1750 controls.Advantageously, the pwm signal of power tight tracking second positive switching transistor 1725 receptions of the modulation that provides of positive Switching power 1710.Therefore, between power supply and power demand, there is very little surplus, shown in the output map of Figure 12 B.Negative switching transistor 1731 also receives control signal from processing unit 1750.Negative switching transistor 1731 only is processed unit 1750 and activates when detecting positive harmonic wave, mean and must draw electric current from equivalent house load 1740.According to control signal, negative switching transistor 1731 forms pwm signal, and it is through LC afterflow network 1732, thereby it is average to form bearing of pwm signal.Optional any artifact of low pass filter 1723 filtering or noise.Provide over-current sensor 1734 to be used to control or limit the situation of current surge.The positive of the modulation that negative Switching power 1730 provides is presented the second negative switching transistor 1735.The second negative switching transistor 1735 also is processed unit 1750 controls.Advantageously, the pwm signal of power tight tracking second positive switching transistor 1725 receptions of the modulation that provides of negative Switching power 1720.Therefore, between power supply and power demand, there is very little surplus, shown in the output map of Figure 12 B.

Figure 13 A illustrates another realization that comprises the harmonic distortion minimizing system 1800 of solar energy system (not shown) through selector 1870.In the advantage that system shown in Figure 13 A is discussed with before being worth, the solar energy transmission system of understanding prior art is useful.Figure 13 B illustrates the solar energy transmission system 1890 of the prior art of standard.Solar panels 1891 are installed makes them receive maximum sunlight.Solar panels 1891 are electrically coupled to adjuster 1893 via diode 1892, and protection solar panels 1891 are not influenced by reverse current.Adjuster 1892 separates available current from solar panels 1891 and keeps 12VDC (or any other required voltage) to battery 1894 and inverter 1895 simultaneously.If because lacking sunlight solar panels 1891 will stop to produce electric current, battery 1894 flows to the electric current of inverter 1895 with maintenance as buffering.Because solar panels 1891 only produce the DC electric current, inverter must be the AC electric current with the DC current conversion also, so power can be compatible with the dwelling house equivalent load.Inverter is coupled to line (or phase) and the neutral line such as 1603 and 1604 of Figure 12 C.Inverter 1895 also is coupling in fuse 1897 protections between inverter 1895 and the adjuster 1893.Adjuster 1893, inverter 1895 and battery 1894 also all are coupled to ground through earthing rod 1896, and earthing rod generally is the long metal bar in the ground that inserts below the dwelling house of installation system 1890.But well-known DC-AC inverter is a poor efficiency.Design the most efficiently reaches about 85% efficient, means that 15% energy that solar panels 1891 produce is wasted into heat or mechanical oscillation.

For this reason, Figure 13 A illustrates to have solar energy is injected equivalent house load 1850 or gets back to the ability of electrical network 1801 and do not use the harmonic distortion of poor efficiency and heavy inverter to reduce system 1800.Harmonic distortion reduces system 1800 and comprises DC power source 1810.DC power source 1810 is coupled to phase line 1803 and the neutral line 1804 to receive AC power from it.Any harmonic wave or artifact in the optional low pass filter 1811 filtering phase lines 1803.Preferably, provide insulating transformer 1812 with phase line and the neutral line 1803 and 1804 and the solar energy system electricity isolate (illustrated later).Then, bridge rectifier 1813 arrives DC power with the AC power rectification.Though bridge rectifier 1813 is shown, can uses any rectification circuit or device.Alternatively, the current distortion in PFC module 1814 and 1815 recoverable power supplys 1814 and 1815 and to make the current harmonics distortion be 0 basically.DC power source 1810 is coupled to switch 1870.Switch 1870 is coupled DC power source 1810 or solar energy system (not shown) selectively as outside DC power source.Switch is 1870 measured, processing and memory cell 1820 controls.Can programme between DC power source 1810 and solar energy system, to switch automatically based on the sunrise and the sunset time indumentum of time in one day and pre-programmed in unit 1820.Replacedly, unit 1820 can switch to DC power source 1810 or solar energy system according to the transient current generation ability order of solar energy system.If solar energy system is producing the harmonic wave mistake of enough power with correcting measuring, then solar energy system can be switched in the system 1800.Any excessive power that solar energy system provides can be used by equivalent house load 1850, and switch 1870 is coupled to positive commutation circuit 1830 and negative supply 1815, and it is with the positive DC power reverses of DC power source 1810 or solar energy system supply.The negative DC power that negative commutation circuit 1840 modulation are provided by negative supply 1815.Positive commutation circuit 1830 is processed unit 1825 controls with negative commutation circuit 1840, and is of above several embodiments; Produce positive pwm signal to proofread and correct negative harmonic wave mistake, vice versa.Preferably, high frequency transformer 1880 provides electricity to isolate.High frequency transformer is isolated equivalent house load 1850 and electrical network 1801 and the electromotive force spike in the electric current that is caused by solar energy system.In fact, the adjusting in the solar energy system possibly need this isolation.Provide optional low pass filter 1881 with any artifact of filtering or noise.Advantageously, the solar energy system 1890 shown in Figure 13 B, taking into account inverter 1895, can reduce system 1800 with the harmonic distortion with extreme efficiency and realize.In addition, secondary 1882HF transformer 1880 and equivalent house load 1850 parallel coupled are shown.Those of ordinary skill will be benefited from the disclosure.

System advantage is shown among Figure 13 C described in Figure 13 A.Figure 13 C illustrates the Figure 187 5 with current axis I and time shaft t.The current waveform of the serious distortion of first curve of output, 1876 expressions.Apparatus and method through described in the text of several figure and correspondence have illustrated the harmonic distortion of being represented bysingle shadow region 1872, can be corrected to proofread and correct positive and negative harmonic wave mistake respectively through drawing selectively and irritating electric current.This has just formed the current waveform of proofreading and correct 1877.But, utilize the realization of thesystem 1800 of Figure 13 C, injecting additional-energy from solar energy system becomes possibility.Therefore, form newcurrent waveform 1878 through the additional injection current of representing by the dual crossing shadow region 1873.As stated, the PWM modulation is the high-efficiency method in Control current source, such astransistor 1308A and the 1308B of Fig. 8.Be in operation, the DC electric current that solar energy system produces is converted into the AC power that is used by the load of equivalent house, and the loss that the inverter of not finding in the solar energy system because of prior art causes.

Figure 13 A is used for the sun of 2 lines or the configuration of 3 lines, 1 phase power network from the preferred realization that the harmonic correcting distortion takes place.In other embodiments, the sun can be realized for the situation of 3 lines or 4 line phase-splitting power network configurations (phase, phase-splitting, neutrality and optional ground) from the harmonic correcting distortion takes place.In this case,transformer 1890 is had the identical doublewound transformer replacement in input and output.The input configuration is identical with Figure 13 A.2 output windings are connected the mid point of neutral circuit, insert mutually simultaneously to be connected to mutually and corresponding to the winding of phase-splitting.Can use 2 optional low pass filters of similar 1891 with filtering to the line that attaches to phase and to the PWM modulation of the circuit that attaches to phase-splitting.

Be again replacedly, the sun that is used for 4 lines or 5 lines, 3 phase power network configurations (3 phases, neutrality and optional ground) is from the preferred disposition that the harmonic correcting distortion takes place.Under this situation, the identical double winding thattransformer 1890 is had in input still replaces at the transformer of 3 windings of exporting.The input configuration is identical with Figure 13 A.The configuration of output winding can be triangle or star like arrangement.In star like arrangement, common node is connected the mid point of neutral circuit, insert simultaneously mutually be connected to 3 mutually in each winding.Can use 3 optional low pass filters of similar 1891 with the PWM modulation of filtering to the circuit that attaches to each phase, simultaneously common output node is connected to the neutral line.About several additional details of heterogeneous/multiple-wire system and circuit and sketch map are listed in the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/435 that submitted on January 25th, 2011, be incorporated into this in 921 and by integral body.

Figure 14 A illustrates another example of correcting harmonic distortion system 1900.In this embodiment, correcting harmonic distortion system 1900 can catch and use energy in the harmonic distortion to proofread and correct the distortion of back.Because distortion is not the process that consumes, promptly the energy in the distortion is not lost to heat, and when power network has when being 0 mean value or DC value basically, it can use the shape of its oneself strain energy change current waveform.Generally, system 1900 is stored in strain energy in the reactive component, and discharges it to proofread and correct similar or less energy value but the opposite distortion of value in the time after a while.Reactive component can be capacitor or inductor.Though explanation is capacitor, benefit from the similar realization that those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure can be realized easy to understand to replace with inductor capacitor here.At first to watch the current waveform of distortion with the graphical representation of the energy of proofreading and correct the distortion in the cycle of back be helpful in order obtaining and reclaim.For this reason.Figure 14 B illustrates the output map 1980 of electric current to the time.Figure 198 0 has current amplitude axle 1981 and time shaft 1982.3 waveforms have been described: current waveform, reference current 1987 and difference signal 1988 with harmonic distortion 1986.3 zones below the curve of difference signal 1988 are specific interest, and the strain energy with the identical or less distortion of proofreading and correct opposite magnitude can be obtained, store and used later on to their expressions.First area E1 1983 is strain energy summations of bearing, and second area E2 1984 is positive strain energy summations, and the 3rd area E 3 1985 is strain energy summations of bearing.Because this part waveform is represented calibration cycle T half, identical and opposite harmonic energy appears at second half calibration cycle T.Therefore, E4 1983 ', E5 1984 ' and E6 1985 ' are respectively with E1 1983, E2 1984 and E3 1985 and equate and opposite value error, and can be corrected through the energy that injects the E1 1983, E2 1984 and the E3 1985 that store.

With reference to figure 14A, provide memory element C1 1910, C2 1915 and C3 1920 again with storage and release harmonic energy.In above execution mode, system 1900 is coupling between equivalent house load 1940 and the public ammeter 1901.Whether when processing unit 1920 bases will obtain plus or minus harmonic energy control capacitance device C1 1910, C2 1915 and C3 1920 is coupling in the system 1900.Processing unit 1920 comprise average with subtract part 1921, its with above the several embodiments that goes through similar basically; That is, average with subtract part 1921 and the electric current in the phase line 1902 is compared with reference signal and correspondingly produce correction signal.Provide additional treatments circuit 1922 to fill when them or exoergic and fill simultaneously or activate C2 1915 or C3 1920 when being rivals in a contest the anti-energy of answering from the next half period.Each capacitor is by switch 1912,1917 and 1922 charge or discharge.Switch 1912,1917 and 1922 is processed unit 1920 controls, and its error signal 1986 according to Figure 14 B produces pwm signal.Capacitor C1 1910 and C2 1915 can be coupling in respectively between the positive electricity line ball V+1907 and phase line 1902 of the DC electric current that carries positive DC power supply 1905 generations through switch 1913 and 1918 selectively, or between the phase line 1902 and the neutral line 1903.Capacitor C2 still with equivalent house load 1940 parallel coupled.Table 3 illustrates the exemplary coupling scheme that is used for capacitor C1 1910, C2 1915 and C3 1920 chargings and discharge for the error 1986 of Figure 14 B.Table 3 has shown event sequence, and which capacitor is recharged or discharges, and where capacitor-coupled arrives, its state, the energy of charging, and the result of discharge.And must be remembered that another principle: capacitor can only be through the electrical potential difference charging; Therefore during half positive period, capacitor is charged; It should be connected just high dc voltage and be used for an electrode such as V+1907, and neutral line N1903, phase P or high negative dc voltage V-are used between another electrode.Principle of identity is applicable to negative charging: it is V-that capacitor should be connected an electrode, and another electrode is N, P or V+.In the example of Figure 14 A, for distinct, not shown negative supply.But, benefit from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure and will understand and can bear dc voltage like for example Fig. 4-12D and the said generation of corresponding text.

Table 3:

The electric current that flows throughC1 1910,C2 1915 andC3 1920 can flow along any direction.EachPWM control switch 1912,1917 and 1922 is bidirectional switch preferably, for example, realizes with 2 transistors of parallel connection and reverse (that is drain-to-source, and vice versa) coupling.Any transistor be can use, bipolar, MOS, IGBT or JFET included but not limited to.Alternatively, eachcapacitor C1 1910,C2 1915 andC3 1920 are coupled toPWM filter 1911,1916 and 1921 modulation signals withfilter processing unit 1920 generations respectively.

In some applications, preferably have better simply topology and have the ability of using following harmonic content of harmonic energy correction simultaneously.For this reason, Figure 14 C illustrates the correcting harmonic distortion system 1990 of simplification.The part of all distortions in the power line is proofreaied and correct by correcting harmonic distortion system 1990.In illustrated embodiment, distortion correction is efficiently in the time period that produces error E 2 1984 and E5 1984 '.In other words, when the electric current absolute value in the power line during greater than reference current.In some applications, wherein distortion be because, the system of Fig. 4-13 for example, simpler execution mode will be enough such as the execution mode of Figure 14 C.System 1990 still is coupling between public ammeter 1901 and the equivalent house load 1940 to the phase line 1902 and the neutral line 1903.A capacitor 1991 is selectively through switch 1992 and equivalent house load 1940 parallel coupled.Switch 1992 is processed unit 1995 controls.When (for example when the error E that forms Figure 14 B 2 1984 time) is when the current distortion in the phase line 1902 and greater than reference signal in half positive period, capacitor 1991 chargings also storage as the excessive energy of distortion content.But in half negative cycle, identical thing takes place have the reverse current symbol and capacitor 1991 discharges and as the just supply of offsetting negative harmonic energy.Advantageously, capacitor 1991 is coupling between the phase line 1902 and the neutral line 1903, and does not have any other electromotive force of other current directions or node, thereby has improved efficient.Though generally mention independent capacitor in the execution mode of Figure 14 A and 14C, should understand and to use the capacitor group.

Figure 14 D illustrates to have and reclaims harmonic energy reduces system 2000 with the harmonic distortion of the ability of the harmonic distortion of correction back another execution mode.System 2000 is coupling between public ammeter 2001 and the load of equivalent house.System 2000 comprises negative DC power supply 2015 and positive DC power supply 2010, and wherein each is coupled to the phase line 2002 and the neutral line 2003.First capacitor 2030 is coupled to positive DC power supply 2010, negative DC power supply 2015 or the neutral line 2003 selectively through 3 position switchs 2032.First capacitor 2030 also is coupled to phase line 2002.The charging of first capacitor 2030 and discharge are by switch 2033 controls, and 2033 on switch is processed the pwm signal control that unit 2020 produces.Alternatively, the PWM modulation signal of PWM filter 2031 filter processing unit 2020 generations.Second capacitor 2040 selectively with equivalent house load 2040 parallel coupled.Similarly, the charging of second capacitor 2040 and discharge are by switch 2043 controls, and 2043 on switch is processed the pwm signal control that unit 2020 produces.Though pwm control signal has been described here,, can have been used any method and apparatus of control switch 2033 and 2043 because they are well-known and are considered to efficiently.The PWM modulation signal that PWM filter 2041 filter processing unit 2020 provide.Advantageously; System 2000 provides a path, from least one energy storage elements, is first capacitor 2030 in this example; To the neutral line 2003; Make element can discharge in the neutral line 2003, realize higher efficient, because memory element is not coupled to positive DC power supply 2010 or negative DC power supply 2020 and discharges into the neutral line 2002.The additional execution mode of correcting harmonic distortion system and circuit and example are listed in the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/435 that submitted on January 19th, 2011, are incorporated into this in 658 and by integral body.

The processing method of replacement

In above several embodiments, simulation process generally has been discussed to obtain correction signal.In other words, in all execution modes, the simulated assembly comparison, subtract and modulate to obtain correction signal, its control switch is used for drawing selectively or irritating electric current or the charging of control capacitance device is used for storage and uses harmonic energy.But, use Fourier transform, handle and also can accomplish at numeric field.Analog signal is such as electric current, voltage, active power, reactive power, phase (electric current is to voltage), mistake null event, active power THD, reactive power THD, voltage THD, electric current THD, I_RMS; U_RMS, power factor or any other useful signal component are by one or more analog to digital converters (ADC) digitlization.Benefit from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure with the available dsp processor of the realization of easy to understand digital processing or ASIC or FPGA and memory completion.Processor or the array available from several commerce of Xilinx, analog machine and other providers are available.Advantageously, sort processor is flexibly and allows the part numeral processing is used to make most effective with partial simulation.Then, produce through one or more digital to analog converters (DAC) or internally obtain to export analog signal such as the analog signal of PWM or modulation from numeral or pseudo-digital signal.This realization also can comprise the protective circuit that is directed against overvoltage, overcurrent, overpower, crosses gentle other relevant I/O parameter values.As everyone knows, analog signal can be digitized as digital signal and digitally operated.

In an illustrative methods, have total current in the phase line of PF and THD infringement and measuredly be used for some cycles, quantitatively and with FFT or other conversion ratios such as DFT change at frequency domain.FFT can handle once (for example 1/60Hz) in per signal period on the some points of measuring of total current, or a time slice is repeatedly in the cycle.Can obtain real and vector result void.Can use windows reduces because the artifact that aperiodic, the FFT sampling produced in FFT.Can use any known window, such as Hann, Hamming, Blackman, Cosine, Rectangle etc.The integral multiple coupling in the quantity of the sampled value of preferably, importing among the FFT and current signal cycle.Do like this and reduce and suppressed the artifact of setting up among the FFT and reduced the needs of windowing, if any, this helps simpler the processing and higher FFT frequency or amplitude ability to see things in their true light.Replacedly, the quantity of sampled value equals the periodicity of current input signal, for example 2-50.Desirable power frequency response Iref (f) can be used and with the RMS value of input current convergent-divergent again.The complex vector of size n Iref (f) and Itot (f) be each index (j=1 ..., n) by relatively, be expressed as Corr_I (f)=Real{Corr_I (f) thereby produce }+Im{Corr_I (f) multiple error vector.But using gain, loop filter and other processing thereafter.Error vector signal Corr_I (f) can be changed back time domain then, and by LPF to avoid confusion.The error signal of filtering can be used as modulation signal with the modulation correction signal.Simultaneously, the error signal on the occasion of allowing modulation of error signal switches to ON will draw/irritate power transistor.Similarly, the negative value of error signal allows the error signal of modulation to switch to ON will irritate/draw power transistor.Electric current from filling and pull transistor (opposite symbol) is added to the summation network power node with the distortion in the elimination power line and littler than desirable PF.

Another method based on digital processing is used this fact: input signal, total current are called Itot (t), essence be the cycle and enough confirm so that it is handled as the cycle, definite signal.We can distinguish 3 kinds of situation: the first, and when the power network state was static state, do not have device at the change state: electric current (and voltage) can comprise the phase delay that is caused by reactive load PF or THD.Current error signal is the cycle.The second, when the power network state be when slowly changing (change speed than AC power network frequency slowly many): one or more devices can slowly change its state and in 5 seconds, set up at full speed such as motor.Under this situation, as far as spending null cycle and as far as almost constant to the periodic waveform amplitude from the cycle, signal is the cycle.The 3rd; The power network state is with middling speed or change (speed of change is faster than AC power network frequency) at a high speed: under this situation; One or more devices can change its state such as switching to ON or OFF; And as far as crossing the null cycle signal is the cycle, but to change the duration waveform shape and amplitude and Yan Bushi cycle.

Preferably proofread and correct and belong to preceding two types any effect.The 3rd type of effect that causes can be corrected to the degree in feedback loop reaction time.Through example,, will belong to second type and be corrected less than any incident of RT second if feedback loop reaction time RT is 0.2 second.If but faster than RT, to the period less than RT, incident can not be corrected.From desirable current wave and can by phase shift and/or comprise various harmonic distortions less than the relatively acquisition current error signal between the desirable measurement current waveform.In fact, if input signal or error input signal change at any time, neither static neither the convergence, standard proportional-integration-differential PID controller can not control loop.For this reason, realize PLL or other zero-crossing detectors so that process and input current frequency/phase are synchronous, for example 60Hz and homophase.And current signal is quantified as the n bit.Then, set up error signal, it is poor between input current and the current reference signal.Current reference must with input current signal synchronously and with its RMS value normalization.Current reference signal (pure sine wave) can be imported waveform generation and internally sets up by convergent-divergent again or with the PLL of input voltage waveform locking from voltage.The error input value is stored in the memory line by line, so that delegation accurately equals the one-period of input current.When each crosses null event, can produce the logical synchronization signal and arrive row 0 with the memory write that resets.The synchronous logic signal can produce by PLL or by zero-crossing detector.In order to catch the complete cycle, only use negative to just changing (or just arriving negative).

The actual samples speed range is faster 10 to 50000 than electric current incoming frequency, then for the 60Hz cycle, value in the 0.6K samples/sec between the 3M samples/sec.Preferred value is to satisfy the value of formula, N*1/fs=T_i (t), the quantity of the middle sample of N=one-period T_i (t) wherein, fs=sample frequency, and the cycle of T_i (t)=input signal i (t).As an example, wherein T_i (t)=1/60Hz, and N=100, sample frequency becomes the fs=6.0K samples/sec.Key in this method be can use by row ground read memory such as control ring feedback mechanism (controller) with pointwise to each row control signal.This process digitally realized, can use the advanced method (multi-controller) of controller of every row or FEEDBACK CONTROL or even uses with the n-1 that is used for other a columns certificates slave controller at the master controller that lists.The form of controller can comprise PID or its any mutation (P, I, D, PD, PI), Linear Control, Kalman filter, fuzzy logic, neuron, genetic algorithm, adaptive control, AI, machine learning, optimal control, MPC, LQG, robust control, the unlimited loop forming of H-, and STOCHASTIC CONTROL.Output valve is read subsequently line by line, and the processing of Be Controlled device is stored in the temporary register and the analogue value is exported and changed back to sample-by-sample.Follow by antialiasing filter.In case produced correction signal, can draw or irritate electric current as stated with it.Use FFT or DFT etc. to realize several additional details and the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/435 of sketch map of the digital processing of signals in submission on January 19th, 2011, available and be incorporated into this in 658 by integral body.

Combined embodiment and specification specified the present invention help to understand the principle of structure of the present invention and operation.Here to this scope that is not to limit accompanying claims of quoting of embodiment and details.Those skilled in the art can make other various modifications with easy to understand and the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not break away from claim and limited in the execution mode of being selected to explanation.

Claims (48)

1. system that is used for reducing the distortion of the signal of telecommunication with distortion comprises:

A. circuit, at least a portion that is used for power line is had the signal of telecommunication of distortion is compared with required reference signal, thereby forms correction signal; And

B. circuit is used for drawing and irritating electric current with correcting distortion to the signal of telecommunication with distortion from one of DC rectifier and solar panels selectively according to said correction signal; And from solar panels extra current is injected load or electrical network selectively at least one.

2. system according to claim 1 also comprises being used for confirming when solar energy produces the processor of electric current.

3. system according to claim 1 also comprises being used between DC rectifier and solar panels, switching to be used to draw and irritate the processor of electric current.

4. system according to claim 1 also comprises transformer, and said transformer has elementary winding and secondary winding, is used for electricity and isolates and to be used for the circuit that draws and irritate from power line selectively.

5. system according to claim 4, wherein said secondary winding is coupled in parallel to load.

6. system according to claim 4, wherein said secondary winding is coupled in series to load.

7. system according to claim 1, wherein distortion comprises the spectral noise of harmonic distortion, noise, rising and any in the amplitude modulation(PAM).

8. system according to claim 1 also comprises the power factor correcting module, and the power factor that is used to make the signal of telecommunication with noise is 1 basically.

9. system according to claim 8, wherein said power factor correcting module comprises:

A. transducer is used to measure the reactive power of first load of being coupled to power line; And

B. many bit reactive loads are used for being coupled to offset the idle component of first load with first load.

10. system according to claim 1; The wherein said circuit that is used for drawing selectively or irritates electric current is applied at least one controlled current source with said correction signal, wherein said controlled current source according to said correction signal with one of in DC rectifier and the solar panels with said power line coupling.

11. system according to claim 1 wherein is used for drawing selectively or the circuit of irritating electric current comprises:

A. modulator is used to modulate correction signal and modulated correction signal is applied at least one switch, and wherein said switch will be by electric current that provides one of in DC rectifier and the solar panels and the coupling of said power line; And

B. filter is used for the filtering modulation signal.

12. system according to claim 11, wherein said modulator comprises any in pulse-width modulator, delta-sigma modulator, pulse code modulator, pulse density modulator or the pulse positon modulator.

13. system according to claim 1 wherein is used for drawing selectively or the circuit of irritating electric current comprises:

A. positive DC power supply one of is coupled in DC rectifier and the solar panels to be used to provide positive DC electric current selectively;

B. negative DC power supply is coupled to one of DC rectifier and solar panels selectively to be used to provide negative DC electric current;

C. processor is used for irritating electric current from one of positive DC power supply to power line selectively in response to negative distortion; Or draw electric current from power line to negative DC power supply in response to positive distortion.

14. an equipment that is used for reducing power line harmonic distortion, said system comprises:

A. the phase line and the neutral line are coupling between public ammeter and the load of equivalent house;

B. rectifier, being coupled to the phase line and the neutral line is the DC electric current to be used for the AC current commutates;

C. solar energy system is used to produce the DC electric current;

D. two position switchs are used for be coupled selectively one of rectifier and solar energy system;

E. treatment system is confirmed the harmonic distortion in the phase line, produces correction signal, the modulation correction signal, and control said two position switchs;

F. the first transistor is coupling between said two position switchs and the load to be used for selectively positive current being coupled to load to proofread and correct negative distortion according to correction signal;

G. negative supply is coupled to said two position switchs to be used for that DC power is reversed negative DC electric current;

H. transistor seconds is coupling between said negative DC power supply and the load to be used for selectively negative current being coupled to load to proofread and correct positive distortion according to correction signal;

I. transformer comprises elementary winding and secondary winding, is used for load and said the first transistor and said transistor seconds electricity are isolated.

15. equipment according to claim 14, wherein said Secondary winding of transformer is coupled in parallel to load.

16. equipment according to claim 14, wherein said Secondary winding of transformer is coupled in series to load.

17. a method that is used for proofreading and correct power line harmonic distortion comprises:

A. measure the current component in the power line;

B. produce reference signal;

C. said reference signal is compared with said current component to produce correction signal;

D. produce positive DC electric current from one of rectifier and solar energy system;

E. produce negative DC electric current through reverse positive DC electric current;

F. irritate positive DC electric current to proofread and correct negative distortion to load selectively according to said correction signal;

G. irritate negative DC electric current to proofread and correct positive distortion to load selectively according to said correction signal; And

H. from said solar energy system additional available horsepower is injected at least one load and the power line, thereby increases total current.

18. method according to claim 17 also comprises load and positive DC power supply and negative DC power supply electricity are isolated.

19. method according to claim 17 wherein makes load and positive DC power supply and negative DC power supply electricity isolate electrical insulator and load parallel coupled.

20. method according to claim 17 wherein makes load and positive DC power supply and negative DC power supply electricity isolate electrical insulator and load series coupled.

21. method according to claim 17 wherein produces correction signal and comprises said correction signal is mixed with modulation signal.

22. method according to claim 17 is wherein irritated positive DC electric current selectively and is comprised the filtering modulation signal.

23. method according to claim 17 is wherein irritated negative DC electric current selectively and is comprised the filtering modulation signal.

24. method according to claim 17 wherein produces positive DC electric current from one of rectifier and solar energy system and comprises:

A. confirm whether solar energy system is producing electric current; And

If b. solar energy system is producing electric current, then irritate electric current from solar energy system, if perhaps solar energy system is not to produce electric current, then irritate electric current from rectifier.

25. a system that is used to proofread and correct harmonic distortion comprises:

A. be used for confirming the device of power line harmonic energy;

B. be used to store the device of harmonic energy; And

C. be used for discharging selectively the device of harmonic energy with the harmonic energy of offsetting opposite value.

26. system according to claim 25 is used for wherein confirming that the device of power line harmonic energy comprises:

A. transducer is used for measuring the current component of power line;

B. oscillator is used to produce reference signal; And

C. comparator, thus be used for current component and reference signal are relatively produced correction signal, and wherein said correction signal is represented the harmonic energy in the power line.

27. system according to claim 25, the device that wherein is used for stored energy comprises at least one capacitor.

28. system according to claim 25, the device that wherein is used for discharging selectively harmonic energy comprises switch.

29. system according to claim 28, the device that wherein said switch will be used for storing harmonic energy selectively is coupling between any and the load of positive supply, negative supply.

30. system according to claim 25 also comprises modulator, the modulation correction signal is charged for the device that is used for stored energy with driving transistors selectively.

31. a correction has the method for the harmonic distortion in the signal of harmonic distortion, comprising:

A. confirm the harmonic energy in the power line;

B. store harmonic energy; And

C. discharge harmonic energy selectively to offset the harmonic energy of opposite value.

32. method according to claim 31 confirms that wherein the harmonic energy in the power line comprises:

A. measure the current component in the power line;

B. produce reference signal; And

C. thereby current component and reference signal are relatively produced correction signal, wherein said correction signal is represented the harmonic energy in the power line.

33. method according to claim 31, wherein stored energy is included as at least one capacitor charging.

34. method according to claim 31 wherein discharges harmonic energy selectively and comprises activator switch.

35. method according to claim 34, wherein the activator switch device that will be used for storing harmonic energy selectively is coupling between any and the load of positive supply, negative supply.

36. method according to claim 31 comprises that also the modulation correction signal is the device charging that is used for stored energy selectively with driving transistors.

37. a system that is used for reducing the distortion of the signal of telecommunication with distortion comprises:

A. at least a portion that is used for power line is had the signal of telecommunication of distortion is compared with required reference signal, thereby forms the device of correction signal;

B. be used for respectively drawing and irritating to the signal of telecommunication selectively the device of electric current with distortion from negative supply and positive supply;

C. be used for device according to correction signal modulation positive supply; And

D. be used for device according to correction signal modulation negative supply.

38. according to the described system of claim 37, the device that wherein is used for comparison comprises:

A. transducer is used for the signal that sensing has distortion;

B. oscillator is used to produce reference signal; And

C. comparator, thus be used for signal with distortion and reference signal are relatively produced correction signal.

39. according to the described system of claim 37; The device that wherein is used for selectively drawing and irritates electric current comprises the first transistor that is coupled to positive supply; Be used for irritating electric current to proofread and correct negative harmonic wave according to correction signal; And the transistor seconds that is coupled to negative supply, be used for drawing electric current to proofread and correct positive harmonic wave according to correction signal.

40., wherein be used for selectively drawing and the device of irritating electric current also comprises the modulator that is used to modulate correction signal according to the described system of claim 37.

41. according to the described system of claim 37, the device that wherein is used to modulate positive supply comprises:

A. be used to receive the first transistor of correction signal; And

B. be used to obtain the just average LC afterflow network of correction signal.

42. according to the described system of claim 37, the device that wherein is used to modulate negative supply comprises:

A. be used to receive the transistor seconds of correction signal; And

B. be used to obtain the negative average LC afterflow network of correction signal.

43. a method that is used for reducing the distortion of the signal of telecommunication with distortion comprises:

A. at least a portion of the signal of telecommunication that has distortion in the power line is compared with required reference signal, thereby form correction signal;

B. draw and irritate electric current to the signal of telecommunication selectively from negative supply and positive supply respectively with distortion;

C. according to correction signal modulation positive supply; And

D. according to correction signal modulation negative supply.

44., wherein relatively comprise according to the described method of claim 43:

A. sensing has the signal of distortion;

B. produce reference signal; And

Thereby the signal and the reference signal that c. will have distortion relatively produce correction signal.

45., wherein selectively draw and irritate electric current to comprise according to the described method of claim 43:

A. control is coupled as the grid of irritating the first transistor of electric current from positive supply, bears harmonic wave to proofread and correct according to correction signal, and

B. control is coupled as and draws the grid of electric current to the first transistor of negative supply, to proofread and correct positive harmonic wave according to correction signal.

46., wherein selectively draw and irritate electric current also to comprise the modulation correction signal according to the described method of claim 43.

47., wherein modulate positive supply and comprise according to the described method of claim 43:

A. modulate correction signal;

B. receive correction signal; And

C. obtain the just average of correction signal.

48., wherein modulate negative supply and comprise according to the described method of claim 43:

A. modulate correction signal;

B. receive correction signal; And

C. obtain the negative average of correction signal.

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