A kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and application thereofTechnical field
The present invention relates to saline-alkali soil conditioner, refering in particular to a kind ofly becomes saline-alkali soil conditioner and application thereof with gypsum, high polymer polyacrylamide and Ureaphil mixed preparing.
Background technology
According to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO's statistics, the area in saltings, the whole world is not less than 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9913 cutter hectares.Salting of soil is one of chronic illness that seriously restricts the world and Chinese agricultural development; The various countries scientist improves salt affected soil and has carried out long-term exploration; And progressively formed the solution of several types such as physically improved, water conservancy improvement, chemical modifying and biological modification; These schemes have his own strong points, but the also space of each defectiveness and improvement.
Adopt extensively in China at present that broad irrigation is washed, the method for salt discharge alkali, its shortcoming is that underground water level is had higher requirements, and easy relapse forms secondary saline and alkaline, and very big to the consumption of water.In addition, situation is serious if salt affected soil hardens, or when running into the high black alkali of sodium content, then washing is difficult to take effect.In most cases, washing must combine with chemical process to produce comparatively ideal effect.
In the chemical process of salt affected soil improvement, through spreading fertilizer over the fields gypsum, make the positive ions such as sodium ion in the calcium ion displacement soil colloid in the gypsum to the saltings, be proved to be a kind of efficient ways.Its implementation method is with directly spreading fertilizer over the fields behind the gypsum ore pulverizing and jevigating in the farmland, irrigate with water after raking through digging, form the displacement of calcium ion and sodium ion, reduce the alkalization of soils degree, form the calcium colloid simultaneously, change soil aggregate, improving soil permeability.The shortcoming of this method is, the particle behind the ore grinding is thicker usually, cause can not be fully and in the soil composition react, influenced improved effect.When on heavy salinized soil, using, the usage quantity of gypsum often will reach more than 500 kilograms/mu, causes cost too high, is difficult to accepted by market.Other chemical process substitutes gypsum as using industrial wastes such as phosphogypsum and desulfurated plaster, can solve granularity problem to a certain extent, but its heavy-metal residual problem is more outstanding, and whether large-area applications exists the still difficult final conclusion of risk.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of meliority that can give full play to gypsum improvement salt affected soil; Can overcome simultaneously its circumscribed method again, i.e. a certain proportion of high polymer polyacrylamide of blending and Ureaphil and a kind of soil improvement agent of forming in the gypsum powder particle.Its effect obviously is superior to common gypsum, and unit to use cost comparatively cheap.
The present invention is the saline-alkali soil conditioner that forms by weight by gypsum, high polymer polyacrylamide and Ureaphil mixed preparing, and the weight ratio of its gypsum, high polymer polyacrylamide and Ureaphil is 1: 0.002: 0.053.
Principle of the present invention is through the calcium ion in the gypsum (CaSO42H2O) the positive ion exchanges such as sodium ion in the soil colloid to be come out, thereby reduces soil acidity or alkalinity.Simultaneously, gypsum and high polymer polyacrylamide acting in conjunction can form calcium colloid and organic and inorganic complex body rapidly, change soil aggregate, and chessom is beneficial to sodium ion and discharges soil with water, and grow for crop root and to create a favorable environment.Ureaphil can be assisted acidified soil, and increases soil fertility.
Saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention can be regulated soil acidity or alkalinity, improve Soil structure; Thereby beneficiating ingredient in activation, protection and the activating soil; For plant growth provides good edatope, to improving the crop seedling rate, promoting the plant healthy growth that positive effect is arranged.
The practical implementation method
1, the gypsum ore crushing grinding is extremely Powdered;
2, according to weight ratio gypsum powder, high polymer polyacrylamide and Ureaphil mixed preparing are become soil improvement agent, the weight ratio of its gypsum, high polymer polyacrylamide and Ureaphil is 1: 0.002: 0.053;
3, use the weather-proof dressing bag to pack saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention;
4, saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention directly is applied to salt affected soil, diversion irrigation according to the difference of soil alkaline degree, is used the 50-250 kilogram for every mu then.
Application example:
Experimentize in 60 mu of arable lands of 30 of agricultural two teachers in April, 2011, and this plot is used for plant cotton for newly reclaiming wasteland.Soil type is a silty loam.The salt alkali content is big in the soil, has taked measures such as the row's of digging alkali canal, broad irrigation soda to administer 1 year, and effect is undesirable.Following table is for using product of the present invention soil salinity and alkalinity and seedling rate contrast table afterwards:
| Ec?ds/cm | Ph | Seedling rate |
| Before the use | 13.5 | 7.9 | 0％ |
| After the use | 1.5 | 6.6 | 90％ |
Usage quantity is a 100kg/ mu
Experiment shows that the present invention can effectively improve soil salinity and alkalinity, increases substantially seedling rate, makes the saline-alkali wasteland of the new reclamation of wasteland become cultivated land in one to two year in advance, thereby improves planting benefit greatly.