技术领域technical field
本发明涉及用于使用磁耦合的无接触信息传输系统的磁感应天线装置。本发明还涉及使用该磁感应天线装置的相应的数据传输方法。The present invention relates to a magnetic induction antenna device for a contactless information transmission system using magnetic coupling. The invention also relates to a corresponding data transmission method using the magnetic induction antenna arrangement.
磁感应天线装置以及其所耦合的并且包含信息的通常被称为标签(tag)的设备在该磁感应天线位于该标签附近时构成空气变压器。这样的系统例如用于在旅行期间读取路边标签的交通工具。在铁路交通工具的情况下，使用上述标签来从轨道旁向经过的列车发送信息。一种标准化的方法是参照具有法语词应答器(balise)的标签的欧洲铁路交通管理系统。在列车的天线装置在其上方经过时，应答器链路被建立。该链路是双向的并且所使用的频率是射频短波。下行链路用于向应答器发射功率。上行链路用于向列车发送数据。通过其在标签和沿着其经过的磁感应天线之间进行无接触信息传输的体积符合指定的条件，例如关于所发送的激活功率被称为接触体积(contactvolume)。The magnetic induction antenna arrangement and the device to which it is coupled and which contains the information, usually called a tag, constitutes an air transformer when the magnetic induction antenna is in the vicinity of the tag. Such systems are used, for example, in vehicles for reading roadside tags during travel. In the case of rail vehicles, the aforementioned tags are used to send information from the trackside to passing trains. One method of standardization is to refer to the European Rail Traffic Management System for labels with the French word balise. A transponder link is established when the train's antenna arrangement passes over it. The link is bidirectional and the frequency used is radio frequency shortwave. The downlink is used to transmit power to the transponder. The uplink is used to send data to the train. The volume through which the contactless transmission of information between the tag and the magnetic induction antenna passing along it fulfills specified conditions, for example with respect to the transmitted activation power, is referred to as the contact volume.
本发明要解决的问题在于设计具有最大化接触体积的小磁感应天线。这允许读取磁感应天线以较高的速度经过的标签。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to design a small magnetic induction antenna with a maximized contact volume. This allows reading of tags passed by the magnetic induction antenna at higher speeds.
背景技术Background technique
在标签远离时，当其被充分供电时，增加激活功率(即增加通过磁感应天线装置的电流)增加了接触体积的外部形状。当高速地经过标签时，通过重复该信息，能够在允许传输更多的数据或者增加可靠性的更长的时间期间读取该标签这。然而，当磁感线天线接近标签时，增加功率受最大允许功率的限制。如果超出该功率，则可能会破坏标签。提高接触体积的另一方式是增加天线装置的尺寸，但是例如对于铁路应用，关于多大的天线装置能够被安装在列车的下方存在限制。而且由于实际的原因，天线装置局限于安装在应答器上方的某些高度处，最佳的高度和横向偏移并不总是必须考虑在内。When the tag is far away, when it is sufficiently powered, increasing the activation power (ie increasing the current through the magnetically inductive antenna arrangement) increases the outer shape of the contact volume. By repeating the information when passing a tag at high speed, the tag can be read over a longer period of time allowing more data to be transmitted or increasing reliability. However, increasing the power is limited by the maximum allowable power when the flux antenna is close to the tag. If this power is exceeded, the label may be destroyed. Another way to increase the contact volume is to increase the size of the antenna arrangement, but eg for railway applications there are limitations as to how large an antenna arrangement can be installed under a train. Also for practical reasons the antenna arrangement is limited to be mounted at certain heights above the transponder, the optimum height and lateral offset not always having to be taken into account.
已知方案涉及简单的导电环形式，典型地关于矩形，如在US2007/0100517A1中所示出的。读取特性要求较大的磁感线天线来读取高速的应答器。Known solutions involve simple conductive ring forms, typically about a rectangle, as shown in US2007/0100517A1. The read feature requires a larger flux antenna to read transponders at high speeds.
发明内容Contents of the invention
根据本发明，一种磁感应天线装置，包括形成第一天线的导电环，所述第一天线用于通过产生第一电磁场来对在所述第一天线与标签之间的标签供电，其中，所述导电环还形成至少一个第二天线，所述至少一个第二天线以使得由所述第二天线产生的第二电磁场部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的第一电磁场的方式来设置，各所述至少一个第二天线在所述导电环中形成一凹口，其特征在于，全部所述至少一个第二天线部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的电磁场的磁通量，在全部所述至少一个第二天线部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的电磁场的磁通量的位置处，所述磁通量是最大的，以使得与由所述第一天线产生的磁通量相比，与行进方向上同所述标签相关的所述磁感应天线装置的位置相关的总磁通量更接近恒定磁通量，其中沿着所述行进方向，所述磁感应天线装置正通过所述标签或所述标签正通过所述磁感应天线装置。According to the present invention, a magnetic induction antenna device comprises a conductive loop forming a first antenna for powering a tag between the first antenna and the tag by generating a first electromagnetic field, wherein the said conductive loop also forms at least one second antenna arranged in such a way that a second electromagnetic field generated by said second antenna partly cancels a first electromagnetic field generated by said first antenna, Each of said at least one second antenna forms a notch in said conductive ring, characterized in that all of said at least one second antenna partially cancel the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field generated by said first antenna, and in all of said At a position where at least one second antenna partly cancels the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field generated by said first antenna, said magnetic flux is maximum such that, compared with the magnetic flux generated by said first antenna, The position-dependent total magnetic flux of the magnetic induction antenna device relative to the tag is closer to a constant magnetic flux, wherein along the direction of travel, the magnetic induction antenna device is passing the tag or the tag is passing the magnetic induction antenna device .
具体地说，在形成第一天线的环内的至少一个凹口(recess)能够形成至少一个抵消天线(即第二天线)。所述抵消天线也可以是单独的环(即绕组)，这样本发明涉及包括一个或者几个环的天线装置。In particular, at least one recess in the loop forming the first antenna can form at least one canceling antenna (ie the second antenna). The canceling antenna may also be a single loop (ie winding), so the invention relates to an antenna arrangement comprising one or several loops.
在包括第一天线和至少一个第二天线的单个环的情况下，提出下列描述：一种用于产生电磁场从而通过磁感应来对标签供电以及用于经由无线传输反过来从所述标签接收信息的磁感应天线装置，其中：In the case of a single loop comprising a first antenna and at least one second antenna, the following description is presented: a method for generating an electromagnetic field for powering a tag by magnetic induction and for receiving information from said tag in turn via wireless transmission A magnetic induction antenna assembly, wherein:
-所述天线装置包括导电环并且- said antenna arrangement comprises a conductive loop and
-所述环通过在区域的轮廓处延展而包围所述区域并且- the ring encloses the region by extending at its contour and
-所述轮廓包括由所述环形成的凸起部分和至少一个凹入部分。- said profile comprises a convex portion and at least one concave portion formed by said ring.
所述凹入部分和凸起部分可以是导电环的锐利边缘和/或弯曲部。例如，具有四个边缘的标准矩形环仅包括四个凸起部分(即边缘)。利用通过插入至少一个凹入部分来形成由所述环所包围的区域的至少一个凹口，可以修改仅具有凸起部分(除了与天线控制单元的连接)的这种标准的矩形环或者任何其它环。在凹入部分是锐利边缘的情况下，每一个凹口具有至少两个凹入部分。然而，可选地，可以通过在所述环的凸起部分分别开始和结束的单个凹入的弯曲来形成凹口。用于形成凹口的凸起部分和凹入部分的混合也是可能的。The concave and convex portions may be sharp edges and/or bends of the conductive ring. For example, a standard rectangular ring with four edges includes only four raised portions (ie, edges). This standard rectangular ring with only a raised part (except for the connection to the antenna control unit) or any other ring. In case the concave portions are sharp edges, each notch has at least two concave portions. Alternatively, however, the notch may be formed by a single concave bend starting and ending respectively at the raised portion of the ring. A mix of convex and concave portions for forming the recess is also possible.
优选地，单个环包括两个凹口，这两个凹口关于将所述环切割为两半的对称直线彼此对称地设置。Preferably, a single ring comprises two notches arranged symmetrically to each other about a line of symmetry cutting the ring in two.
根据本发明，提供了一种磁感应天线装置的数据传输方法，其中安装在交通工具处的所述磁感应天线装置通过在所述交通工具经过标签时产生电磁场来对所述标签供电，所述标签通过使用所述供电来经由无线数据传输向所述交通工具返回信息，其特征在于，全部所述至少一个第二天线部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的电磁场的磁通量，在全部所述至少一个第二天线部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的电磁场的磁通量的位置处，所述磁通量是最大的，以使得与由所述第一天线产生的磁通量相比，与所述交通工具的行进方向上同所述标签相关的所述磁感应天线装置的位置相关的总磁通量更接近恒定磁通量。According to the present invention, there is provided a data transmission method of a magnetic induction antenna device, wherein the magnetic induction antenna device installed at the vehicle generates an electromagnetic field when the vehicle passes the tag to provide power to the tag, and the tag passes Using said power supply to return information to said vehicle via wireless data transmission, characterized in that all said at least one second antenna partly cancels the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field generated by said first antenna, and all said at least one At the position where the second antenna partly cancels the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna, the magnetic flux is maximum, so that compared with the magnetic flux generated by the first antenna, the vehicle travels The total magnetic flux in a direction relative to the position of the magnetic induction antenna arrangement relative to the tag is closer to a constant magnetic flux.
根据本发明，提供了一种磁感应天线装置的数据传输方法，其中所述磁感应天线装置由交通工具经过并且通过产生电磁场来对安装在所述交通工具处的标签供电，所述标签通过无线数据传输返回信息，其特征在于，全部所述至少一个第二天线部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的电磁场的磁通量，在全部所述至少一个第二天线部分地抵消由所述第一天线产生的电磁场的磁通量的位置处，所述磁通量是最大的，以使得与由所述第一天线产生的磁通量相比，与所述交通工具的行进方向上同所述标签相关的所述磁感应天线装置的位置相关的总磁通量更接近恒定磁通量。According to the present invention, a data transmission method of a magnetic induction antenna device is provided, wherein the magnetic induction antenna device is passed by a vehicle and supplies power to a tag installed at the vehicle by generating an electromagnetic field, and the tag transmits data by wireless return information, characterized in that all of the at least one second antenna partially cancels the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna, and all of the at least one second antenna partially cancels the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna The position of the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic field, said magnetic flux is the largest, so that compared with the magnetic flux generated by the first antenna, the magnetic induction antenna device associated with the tag in the direction of travel of the vehicle The position-dependent total flux is closer to a constant flux.
本发明改善了接触体积以使得小的磁感应天线装置能够沿着延展的距离来激活标签，因而可以以较高的速度经过标签并且数据传输的持续时间足以确保可靠性。这适合于具有在交通工具上读取路边应答器的天线装置或者具有车载标签和路边天线装置的铁路应用。The present invention improves the contact volume to enable a small magnetically inductive antenna arrangement to activate tags along extended distances so that tags can be passed at higher speeds and the duration of data transmission is sufficient to ensure reliability. This is suitable for railway applications with antenna arrangements reading wayside transponders on vehicles or with onboard tags and wayside antenna arrangements.
本发明对于车载接收机的设计具有积极影响。由于在天线接近标签时磁耦合已被部分抵消，这意味着由列车接收的信号的强度的动态范围变得更小。减小的信号强度的动态范围意味着可以将车载接收机制造得更加精确。而且，以类似的方式影响了天线与可能会放置在轨道附近的任何电缆之间的磁耦合，这使得列车不太可能获得不想要的信号。The invention has a positive impact on the design of on-board receivers. Since the magnetic coupling is already partially canceled when the antenna is close to the tag, this means that the dynamic range of the strength of the signal received by the train becomes smaller. The reduced dynamic range of signal strength means that on-board receivers can be made more accurate. Also, magnetic coupling between the antenna and any cables that might be placed near the track is affected in a similar way, making it less likely that the train will pick up unwanted signals.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1示出了包括具有两个凹口的单个导电环的磁感应天线装置，并且还示出了包括矩形环的路边标签。Figure 1 shows a magnetic induction antenna arrangement comprising a single conductive loop with two notches, and also shows a roadside tag comprising a rectangular loop.
图2示出了根据纵向位移位于在某一高度处的两个不同的天线下方的参考环(referenceloop)中的磁通量。Figure 2 shows the magnetic flux in a reference loop located under two different antennas at a certain height according to the longitudinal displacement.
图3示出了当两个天线位于高于所述参考环的上方时根据纵向位移的磁通量。Figure 3 shows the magnetic flux as a function of longitudinal displacement when two antennas are located above the reference ring.
具体实施方式detailed description
优选的实施例是磁感应天线用作针对欧洲铁路交通管理系统的位于铁路交通工具下方的应答器天线。天线的下行链路性能通过其在预定义的参考环中产生磁通量的能力来判断，该预定义的参考环位于天线下方的各种位置中。由于不要求该应答器在特定的时间间隔外操作，因此磁通量的量应该保持在该时间间隔内。如果该磁通量等级太低，则将没有足够的能量来对应答器电路供电，并且如果该磁通量等级太高，则应答器可能会遭遇永久损坏。当列车在维持所需的磁通量的同时经过应答器时，由气隙以及该列车行进的距离来确定接触体积。如果列车非常快速地行进并且接触体积太小，则将没有足够的时间供应答器上电并且向列车可靠地发送数据。本发明改善了接触体积以使得在列车速度非常高时能够成功执行数据传输。A preferred embodiment is the use of a magnetic induction antenna as a transponder antenna underneath a railway vehicle for a European railway traffic management system. An antenna's downlink performance is judged by its ability to generate magnetic flux in a predefined reference loop located in various locations below the antenna. Since the transponder is not required to operate outside of a particular time interval, the amount of magnetic flux should remain within that time interval. If the flux level is too low, there will not be enough energy to power the transponder circuitry, and if the flux level is too high, the transponder may suffer permanent damage. The volume of contact is determined by the air gap and the distance traveled by the train as it passes the transponder while maintaining the required magnetic flux. If the train is traveling very fast and the contact volume is too small, there will not be enough time for the transponder to power up and reliably send data to the train. The invention improves the contact volume to enable successful data transmission at very high train speeds.
可以将根据优选实施例的环的形状认为是多个叠置的天线，例如普通的矩形天线和在天线装置接近标签或者参考环时以负面方式作用的一些另外的天线。The shape of the loop according to the preferred embodiment can be considered as a plurality of superimposed antennas, eg a normal rectangular antenna and some additional antennas acting in a negative way when the antenna arrangement approaches the tag or the reference loop.
图1示出了根据本发明的磁感应天线装置的鸟瞰图，该磁感应天线可以被安装在铁路交通工具的下方。所述天线系统由单个导电环1组成。形成了外部第一天线2以及两个内部天线3，外部第一天线2具有矩形形状，两个内部天线3部分地抵消第一天线2在标签与天线2、3之间的距离较低处的场。这些天线3在导电环1中形成具有凹入部分的凹口，即内角中的一些为优角，即>180°。除了导电环，磁感应天线还包括控制单元4。环1向安装在铁路轨道的两个铁轨6之间的被称为“应答器”的路边标签5供电。Fig. 1 shows a bird's eye view of a magnetic induction antenna arrangement according to the present invention, which can be installed under a railway vehicle. The antenna system consists of a single conductive loop 1 . An outer first antenna 2 and two inner antennas 3 are formed, the outer first antenna 2 having a rectangular shape, the two inner antennas 3 partially canceling the effect of the first antenna 2 where the distance between the tag and the antennas 2, 3 is low. field. These antennas 3 form a notch in the conductive ring 1 with a concave portion, ie some of the internal angles are reflex, ie >180°. Besides the conductive loop, the magnetic induction antenna also includes a control unit 4 . The ring 1 supplies power to roadside tags 5 called "transponders" mounted between two rails 6 of the railway track.
如所提及的，由环1所包围的区域包括两个凹口。在该示例中，凹口的凹入部分8a、8b、8c、8d是环的导电材料的锐利边缘。利用7a-7h来表示环1的凸起部分，在该示例中上述凸起部分也是锐利边缘。凸起部分中的四个，即凸起部分7c、7d、7g、7h是第一天线2和各第二天线3之间的过渡部分。两个天线3彼此对称。As mentioned, the area enclosed by the ring 1 includes two notches. In this example, the concave portions 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d of the notches are sharp edges of the conductive material of the ring. The raised portions of the ring 1 are indicated with 7a-7h, which are also sharp edges in this example. Four of the raised portions, ie the raised portions 7c, 7d, 7g, 7h are transition portions between the first antenna 2 and the respective second antenna 3 . The two antennas 3 are symmetrical to each other.
图2示出了根据纵向位移位于在某一高度处的两个不同的天线的下方的参考环中的磁通量。当参考环在天线装置的正下方(centredbelow)时，该磁通量最大。虚曲线示出了来自具有矩形天线的现有技术的磁感应天线装置的磁通量。实曲线示出了来自根据本发明(特别是根据图1)的磁感应天线装置的磁通量。由于该磁通量取决于天线装置和参考环的几何形状以及天线装置中的电流，因此有可能标准化上述曲线以使得它们的最大磁通量等级相一致。这一点在图中示出了。本发明的磁通量梯度低得多。这是人们所期望的，并且这允许在不超出最大传输功率的情况下沿着更长的距离读取标签。Fig. 2 shows the magnetic flux in a reference loop located below two different antennas at a certain height according to the longitudinal displacement. This magnetic flux is greatest when the reference loop is centered below the antenna arrangement. The dashed curve shows the magnetic flux from a prior art magnetically inductive antenna arrangement with a rectangular antenna. The solid curve shows the magnetic flux from a magnetically inductive antenna arrangement according to the invention, in particular according to FIG. 1 . Since the magnetic flux depends on the geometry of the antenna arrangement and the reference loop as well as the current in the antenna arrangement, it is possible to standardize the above-mentioned curves so that their maximum flux levels coincide. This is shown in the figure. The magnetic flux gradient of the present invention is much lower. This is desired, and it allows tags to be read along longer distances without exceeding the maximum transmit power.
图3示出了当两个天线位于高于所述参考环的上方时根据纵向位移的磁通量。梯度方面的差异不是那么显著，但是其不太重要，因为当天线装置和参考环更加接近时，对于所有的位移值针对根据本发明的天线装置的磁通量现在都更高，但是其从不超出最大等级。这意味着，无论该天线装置的安装高度如何，与现有技术的天线装置相比较，针对根据本发明的天线装置的接触体积总是更大。Figure 3 shows the magnetic flux as a function of longitudinal displacement when two antennas are located above the reference ring. The difference in gradient is not so significant, but it is less important, because the magnetic flux for the antenna arrangement according to the invention is now higher for all displacement values when the antenna arrangement and the reference loop are closer, but it never exceeds the maximum grade. This means that, regardless of the installation height of the antenna arrangement, the contact volume is always greater for the antenna arrangement according to the invention compared to the antenna arrangement of the prior art.
附图中参考数字的列表LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS IN THE DRAWINGS
1导电环1 conductive ring
2对在距离从高到低的整个范围上的标签供电的天线2 pairs of antennas that power tags over the entire range from high to low distance
3部分地抵消第一天线在与标签的距离较低(lowdistance)处的场的天线3 Antennas that partially cancel the field of the first antenna at low distance from the tag
4发射机/接收机4 Transmitter/Receiver
5路边标签“应答器”5 roadside label "transponder"
6铁路轨道的铁轨6 Railroad Tracks for Railroad Tracks
7凸起边缘7 raised edges
8凹入边缘8 recessed edges
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11167547.6 | 2011-05-25 | ||
| EP11167547.6AEP2527225B1 (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2011-05-25 | Magnetic induction antenna arrangement |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102800925A CN102800925A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| CN102800925Btrue CN102800925B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110181564.6AActiveCN102800925B (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2011-06-23 | Magnetic induction antenna assembly |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2527225B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102800925B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2578508T3 (en) |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |