CN102799162A - Building energy-saving method based on incentive mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑节能领域，特别涉及一种基于激励机制的建筑节能方法。The invention relates to the field of building energy conservation, in particular to a method for building energy conservation based on an incentive mechanism.
背景技术Background technique
随着全球范围内能源储量的不断减少和能源需求的不断提升，节约能源已经成为近20年以来最重要的课题之一。而中国作为全球人口最多的发展中国家，能源的紧张对我国发展的威胁日益明显，“十一五”以来，节能减排成为中国的基本国策之一。统计数据显示，中国的建筑用电已经占到全国总用电量的20%以上，其中很大一部分为商业建筑用电，因而减少商业建筑的电力能源消耗对社会和经济的可持续发展有非常重要的意义。With the continuous reduction of energy reserves and the continuous improvement of energy demand worldwide, energy conservation has become one of the most important issues in the past 20 years. As a developing country with the largest population in the world, China's energy shortage has become an increasingly obvious threat to my country's development. Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", energy conservation and emission reduction have become one of China's basic national policies. Statistics show that China's building electricity consumption has accounted for more than 20% of the country's total electricity consumption, a large part of which is commercial building electricity consumption, so reducing the power energy consumption of commercial buildings is very important for the sustainable development of society and economy Significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一或至少提供一种有用的商业选择。The present invention aims at solving one of the above technical problems at least to a certain extent or at least providing a useful commercial choice.
为此，本发明的目的在于提出一种基于激励机制的建筑节能方法，通过建立一种激励机制对采取节电措施的用户加以激励，引导用户自发地、主动地进行节电。For this reason, the object of the present invention is to propose a building energy-saving method based on an incentive mechanism, by establishing an incentive mechanism to motivate users who take power-saving measures, and guide users to save electricity spontaneously and actively.
为达到上述目的，本发明的实施例中，一方面提出了一种基于激励机制的建筑节能方法，包括以下步骤：在建筑内部署个人级别的实时用电计量网络；利用所述个人级别的实时用电计量网络，对所述建筑内的每个用户的用电信息进行统计，其中，所述每个用户的用电信息包括所述每个用户的桌面用电设备用电量和用电设备的用电量；根据所述每个用户的用电信息中的所述桌面用电设备用电量和所述用电设备的用电量，采用预设激励机制对符合激励条件的用户提供激励；用户根据激励机制利用在线控制接口对所述用电设备的用电量进行调整，其中，所述在线控制接口与所述用电设备的物理控制接口进行通信，用于通过网络对所述用电设备进行实时控制；In order to achieve the above purpose, in the embodiments of the present invention, on the one hand, an incentive mechanism-based building energy-saving method is proposed, which includes the following steps: deploying a personal-level real-time electricity metering network in the building; using the personal-level real-time The electricity consumption metering network is used to make statistics on the electricity consumption information of each user in the building, wherein the electricity consumption information of each user includes the electricity consumption of each user's desktop electricity consumption equipment and the electricity consumption equipment According to the power consumption of the desktop power consumption equipment and the power consumption of the power consumption equipment in the power consumption information of each user, a preset incentive mechanism is used to provide incentives to users who meet the incentive conditions ; The user uses the online control interface to adjust the power consumption of the electric device according to the incentive mechanism, wherein the online control interface communicates with the physical control interface of the electric device to Real-time control of electrical equipment;
根据本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法，通过建立一种激励机制对采取节电措施的用户加以激励，引导用户自发地、主动地进行节电，有助于提高用户节省用电的积极性，便于在商业建筑管理中进行普及，为节省电力能源提出了一种有效、可行的方案。According to the building energy-saving method based on the incentive mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention, by establishing an incentive mechanism to motivate users who take power-saving measures, and guide users to save electricity spontaneously and actively, it is helpful to improve the user's ability to save electricity. It is easy to popularize in commercial building management, and proposes an effective and feasible scheme for saving electric energy.
在本发明的一个实施例中，为所述每个用户的桌面用电设备分配具有电量计量功能以及网络传输功能和在线控制功能的智能插座，并为共享用电设备分配具有网络传输功能和在线控制功能的智能电表，实时计量所述每个用户的桌面用电设备用电量以及所述共享用电设备的用电量。In one embodiment of the present invention, a smart socket with power metering function, network transmission function and online control function is assigned to each user's desktop electric device, and an intelligent socket with network transmission function and online control function is assigned to the shared electric device. The smart meter with control function measures the power consumption of each user's desktop power consumption equipment and the power consumption of the shared power consumption equipment in real time.
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述共享用电设备包括空调系统和照明系统。In one embodiment of the present invention, the shared electrical equipment includes an air-conditioning system and a lighting system.
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述每个用户的桌面用电设备包括个人电脑、个人照明系统、电视、充电器等。In an embodiment of the present invention, each user's desktop electrical equipment includes a personal computer, a personal lighting system, a TV, a charger, and the like.
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述基于激励机制的建筑节能方法还包括如下步骤：将所述建筑内的每个用户的用电信息实时上传至服务器进行存储和分析。In one embodiment of the present invention, the building energy-saving method based on an incentive mechanism further includes the following steps: uploading the electricity consumption information of each user in the building to a server for storage and analysis in real time.
在本发明的一个实施例中，利用用户用电信息实时在线显示系统为所述每个用户建立对应的账户，并实时显示所述每个用户的用电信息。In one embodiment of the present invention, a real-time online display system for user electricity consumption information is used to establish a corresponding account for each user, and display the electricity consumption information of each user in real time.
在本发明的一个实施例中，当所述用电设备为空调系统时，所述控制目标为所述空调系统的设定温度值；当所述用电设备为照明系统时，所述控制目标为所述照明系统的开关和亮度值。In one embodiment of the present invention, when the electrical equipment is an air conditioning system, the control target is the set temperature value of the air conditioning system; when the electrical equipment is a lighting system, the control target is the switch and brightness value of the lighting system.
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述预设激励机制包括确定性激励和/或概率性激励，其中，所述确定性激励包括：对符合所述激励条件的用户提供预设的激励；所述概率性激励包括：根据所述用户的用电信息，对符合所述激励条件的用户进行分等级激励，进一步包括：将所述用户划分为多个激励等级，每个激励等级对应多个所述用户，其中，激励等级高的用户获得激励的数量和概率高于激励等级低的用户。In an embodiment of the present invention, the preset incentive mechanism includes deterministic incentives and/or probabilistic incentives, wherein the deterministic incentives include: providing preset incentives to users who meet the incentive conditions; The probabilistic incentives include: according to the user's electricity consumption information, providing hierarchical incentives to users who meet the incentive conditions, and further include: dividing the users into multiple incentive levels, and each incentive level corresponds to multiple The above-mentioned users, wherein the number and probability of obtaining incentives for users with high incentive levels are higher than those for users with low incentive levels.
在本发明的一个实施例中，用电量少的用户的激励等级高于用电量多的用户。In one embodiment of the present invention, users who consume less electricity have a higher incentive level than users who consume more electricity.
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述激励条件为所述用户的用电量低于预设的用电量基准线。In an embodiment of the present invention, the incentive condition is that the power consumption of the user is lower than a preset power consumption baseline.
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述激励机制还包括如下步骤：存储所述用户通过在线控制接口对所述用电设备的在线控制操作记录；根据所述在线控制操作记录对降低所述用电设备的用电量的多个用户提供激励。In an embodiment of the present invention, the incentive mechanism further includes the following steps: storing the online control operation record of the user on the electric device through the online control interface; Provide incentives for multiple users of electricity usage by electrical equipment.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and comprehensible from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
图1是本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the building energy-saving method based on the incentive mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法的交互过程示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the interactive process of the building energy-saving method based on the incentive mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明一个实施例的利用在线控制接口对用电设备的用电量进行调整的流程图；以及Fig. 3 is a flow chart of adjusting the power consumption of electrical equipment using an online control interface according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
图4是本发明一个实施例的激励方案分配示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of allocation of incentive schemes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Orientation or position indicated by "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. The relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore It should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
下面参考图1至图4描述根据本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法。The following describes an incentive mechanism-based building energy saving method according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 .
如图1和图2所示，根据本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the building energy-saving method based on the incentive mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
S101：在建筑内部署个人级别的实时用电计量网络。S101: Deploy a personal-level real-time electricity consumption metering network in the building.
具体地，在建筑内部署个人级别的实时用电计量网络，需要为每个用户的桌面用电设备分配具有电量计量功能以及网络传输功能和在线控制功能的智能插座，并为共享用电设备分配有网络传输功能和在线控制功能的智能电表，以通过该具有电量计量功能的智能插座和智能电表实时计量每个用户的桌面用电设备用电量以及共享用电设备的用电量。其中，桌面用电设备包括但并不仅限于：个人电脑、电视、充电器、个人照明设备、取暖器等用电设备。共享用电设备包括但并不仅限于：空调系统和照明系统等。Specifically, to deploy a personal-level real-time power consumption metering network in a building, it is necessary to allocate smart sockets with power metering functions, network transmission functions, and online control functions for each user's desktop power consumption equipment, and allocate The smart meter with network transmission function and online control function can measure the power consumption of each user's desktop power consumption equipment and the power consumption of shared power consumption equipment in real time through the smart socket and smart power meter with power metering function. Among them, desktop electrical equipment includes but is not limited to: personal computers, televisions, chargers, personal lighting equipment, heaters and other electrical equipment. Shared electrical equipment includes, but is not limited to: air conditioning systems and lighting systems, etc.
在本发明的一个实施例中，实时用电计量网络可具体通过如下方式实现：In one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time power consumption metering network can be implemented in the following manner:
1.实时计量每一个用户的桌面用电情况，通过具有电量计量功能以及网络传输功能和在线控制功能的智能插座实现，该用户的所有桌面用电设备从该插座取电，从而该智能插座的读数即为对应用户的实时用电情况；1. The real-time measurement of each user's desktop power consumption is realized through the smart socket with power metering function, network transmission function and online control function. All the desktop electrical equipment of the user takes power from the socket, so that the smart socket The reading is the real-time power consumption of the corresponding user;
2.实时计量空调系统的压缩机和吹风机功率，采用与上文类似的方法，为每一个空调压缩机和吹风机配备用电计量插座或智能电表，从而获得空调系统的实时用电信息；2. Measure the power of the compressor and blower of the air-conditioning system in real time, and use a method similar to the above to equip each air-conditioning compressor and blower with a power metering socket or a smart meter to obtain real-time power consumption information of the air-conditioning system;
3.实时计量照明系统的功率，采用在照明系统取电端安装具有网络传输功能和在线控制功能的电量计量设备实现。3. Real-time metering of the power of the lighting system is realized by installing a power metering device with network transmission function and online control function at the power-taking end of the lighting system.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例的实时用电计量网络只是为了作为示例便于说明，而不应理解为对于本发明的限制。It should be noted that the real-time electricity consumption metering network in the embodiment of the present invention is only used as an example for convenience of description, and should not be understood as a limitation to the present invention.
S102：利用个人级别的实时用电计量网络，对建筑内的每个用户的用电信息进行统计，其中，每个用户的用电信息包括每个用户的桌面用电设备用电量和共享用电设备的用电量。S102: Use the personal-level real-time power consumption metering network to collect statistics on the power consumption information of each user in the building, where the power consumption information of each user includes the power consumption of each user's desktop power consumption equipment and shared power consumption. power consumption of electrical equipment.
本发明的一个实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法，在执行S102步骤统计建筑内每个用户的用电信息后，还包括步骤：The building energy-saving method based on the incentive mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention, after executing the step S102 to count the electricity consumption information of each user in the building, further includes the steps of:
将建筑内的每个用户的用电信息实时上传至服务器并进行存储。Upload the electricity consumption information of each user in the building to the server in real time and store it.
组建细化到个人级别用电的实时用电情况计量网络，该用电情况计量网络可以实时监控用户的桌面用电设备用电和共享的空调、照明系统中每个耗电设备的用电情况，并可以将采集到的每个用户的用电数据实时传入服务器并在数据库中进行存储。Establish a real-time electricity consumption measurement network that is refined to the individual level of electricity consumption. The electricity consumption measurement network can monitor the electricity consumption of the user's desktop electrical equipment and the electricity consumption of each power-consuming equipment in the shared air-conditioning and lighting systems in real time. , and the collected power consumption data of each user can be transmitted to the server in real time and stored in the database.
S103：对用电信息进行在线显示和分析，根据每个用户的用电信息中桌面用电设备的用电量和共享用电设备的用电量，制定节电目标，并计算出对达到节电目标用户的激励措施S103: Display and analyze the power consumption information online, formulate power saving targets according to the power consumption of desktop power consumption equipment and power consumption of shared power consumption equipment in each user's power consumption information, and calculate Incentives for electricity target users
用户根据激励措施，利用在线控制接口对用电设备的用电量进行调整，其中，在线控制接口与用电设备的物理控制接口进行通信，用于通过网络对用电设备进行实时控制。并且，上述利用在线控制接口对用电设备的用电量进行调整也可以结合用户的自身偏好。According to the incentive measures, users use the online control interface to adjust the power consumption of the electrical equipment. The online control interface communicates with the physical control interface of the electrical equipment for real-time control of the electrical equipment through the network. Moreover, the above-mentioned adjustment of the power consumption of the electric device by using the online control interface may also be combined with the user's own preference.
利用用户用电信息实时在线显示系统，为每个用户建立对应的账户，并实时通过显示向每个用户反馈该用户的用电信息，显示的信息包括用户的桌面用电设备用电、与用户相关的空调耗电和与用户相关的照明用电等。Use the real-time online display system of user electricity consumption information to establish a corresponding account for each user, and feed back the user's electricity consumption information to each user through display in real time. The displayed information includes the user's desktop power consumption equipment, and the user Related air-conditioning power consumption and user-related lighting power consumption, etc.
本发明向用户提供在线的空调与照明系统等用电设备的控制接口。可采用在空调和照明设备的控制接口处安装有通信能力的远程控制模块，该远程控制模块使得空调和照明设备可以进行基于分组数据通信协议的实时控制。与传统的硬件控制接口不同，在线控制接口使得用户可以通过点击网页上或智能终端设备上的特定按钮，来实现对空调与照明系统的控制，从而使得建筑中的用户可以不用离开座位就可以进行空调与照明系统功率的调节。这一接口确保用户可以很容易地进行用电设备的控制操作，而不需要花费大量的时间和精力，避免用户因为需要额外精力而导致对本发明的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法的参与度下降。The invention provides users with online control interfaces of electric equipment such as air conditioners and lighting systems. A remote control module with communication capability installed at the control interface of the air conditioner and lighting equipment can be used, and the remote control module enables the air conditioner and lighting equipment to perform real-time control based on the packet data communication protocol. Different from the traditional hardware control interface, the online control interface enables users to control the air-conditioning and lighting systems by clicking specific buttons on the webpage or on the smart terminal device, so that users in the building can control the air-conditioning and lighting systems without leaving their seats. Adjustment of air conditioning and lighting system power. This interface ensures that the user can easily control the electrical equipment without spending a lot of time and energy, and avoids the user's participation in the incentive mechanism-based building energy-saving method of the present invention due to the need for extra energy.
如图3所示，在对用户的用电信息进行分析后，利用在线控制接口对用电设备的用电量进行调整，包括如下步骤:As shown in Figure 3, after analyzing the user's electricity consumption information, the online control interface is used to adjust the electricity consumption of the electrical equipment, including the following steps:
S301：设置用电设备的控制目标。S301: Setting a control target of the electrical equipment.
对于空调、照明等公用电能消耗系统，该系统的控制目标为出风口温度设置及亮度设置，其设置值在结合多个用户的意见基础上，可通过归一化算法得到。具体地，当用电设备为空调系统时，控制目标为空调系统的设定温度值；当用电设备为照明系统时，控制目标为照明系统的开光量和亮度值；类似地，当用电设备为其他用电设备时，可选取其他影响用电量的参数作为控制目标。For public power consumption systems such as air conditioners and lighting, the control targets of the system are air outlet temperature settings and brightness settings, and the setting values can be obtained through a normalization algorithm based on the opinions of multiple users. Specifically, when the electrical equipment is an air-conditioning system, the control target is the set temperature value of the air-conditioning system; when the electrical equipment is a lighting system, the control target is the amount of light and brightness of the lighting system; When the equipment is other electrical equipment, other parameters that affect power consumption can be selected as control targets.
S302：将用电设备的分析结果与对应的控制目标进行比较。S302: Compare the analysis result of the electrical equipment with the corresponding control target.
S303：根据当前用电量和激励措施，为用户提供相应的激励。S303: Provide users with corresponding incentives according to the current power consumption and incentive measures.
为达成上述步骤的实现，可采用在空调和照明设备的物理控制接口处安装有通信能力的远程控制模块，该远程控制模块使得空调和照明设备可以进行基于分组数据通信协议的实时控制。In order to achieve the above steps, a remote control module with communication capability installed at the physical control interface of the air conditioner and lighting equipment can be used. The remote control module enables the air conditioner and lighting equipment to perform real-time control based on packet data communication protocol.
S104：根据每个用户的用电信息中的桌面用电设备用电量和共享用电设备的用电量，采用预设激励机制对符合激励条件的用户提供激励。S104: According to the power consumption of desktop power consumption equipment and the power consumption of shared power consumption equipment in each user's power consumption information, use a preset incentive mechanism to provide incentives to users who meet the incentive conditions.
本激励机制的主要实现过程在于将用户节电所得的一部分作为奖励以某种形式发放给用户，从而商业建筑的用户（电能消耗者）会因为奖励的激励而持续地进行节电行为，同时商业建筑的业主（电费支付者）会由于用户节电而获得收益，从而有动力持续的支持该激励机制。其中，激励条件为用户的用电量低于预设的用电量基准线。在本发明的一个实施例中，首先采集用户的基础用电数据，该阶段会持续2至4周。而后将用户分类，工作时间、性质、强度相同的用户被分配到同样的分类中，这些用户具有耗能上的可比性，将同一个分类中的用户的基础用电数据的平均值作为该分类用户的用电量基准线。而后定期统计个体用户用电量与用电基准线的差距，并对用电量低于基准线的用户进行奖励，奖励的奖金来源于所有节电用户节电产生的收益。The main implementation process of this incentive mechanism is to distribute a part of the user’s electricity saving income to the user in some form as a reward, so that the users (electric energy consumers) of commercial buildings will continue to save electricity because of the incentive of the reward. At the same time, the business The owner of the building (payer of electricity bill) will get benefits due to the user's electricity saving, so he has the motivation to continue to support the incentive mechanism. Wherein, the incentive condition is that the user's power consumption is lower than a preset power consumption baseline. In one embodiment of the present invention, the user's basic electricity consumption data is firstly collected, and this stage lasts for 2 to 4 weeks. Then classify users, and users with the same working hours, nature, and intensity are assigned to the same category. These users have comparable energy consumption, and the average value of the basic electricity consumption data of users in the same category is used as the category. The user's electricity consumption baseline. Then regularly count the gap between the electricity consumption of individual users and the baseline of electricity consumption, and reward users whose electricity consumption is lower than the baseline.
具体地，所述预设激励机制包括确定性激励和/或概率性激励。确定性激励包括：对符合激励条件的用户提供预设的激励。Specifically, the preset incentive mechanism includes deterministic incentives and/or probabilistic incentives. Deterministic incentives include: providing preset incentives to users who meet the incentive conditions.
概率性激励包括：根据用户的用电信息，对符合激励条件的用户进行分等级激励，具体可采用如下方式：Probabilistic incentives include: according to the user's electricity consumption information, provide graded incentives to users who meet the incentive conditions. Specifically, the following methods can be used:
将不同的用户划分为多个激励等级，每个激励等级对应多个用户，其中，激励等级高的用户获得激励的数量和概率高于激励等级低的用户。用电量少的用户的激励等级高于用电量多的用户，即用电量越少，等级越高，激励越多。通过对等级更高的用户给予更大概率和更多数量的激励，引导用户自发地去节省用电。在本发明的一个实施例中，激励可以以奖金、奖品等其他形式提供给用户。Different users are divided into multiple incentive levels, and each incentive level corresponds to multiple users, where the number and probability of incentives obtained by users with high incentive levels are higher than those of users with low incentive levels. The incentive level of users with less power consumption is higher than that of users with more power consumption, that is, the lower the power consumption, the higher the level and the more incentives. By giving higher probability and more incentives to users with higher levels, users are guided to save electricity spontaneously. In one embodiment of the invention, incentives may be provided to users in the form of bonuses, prizes, or the like.
在本发明的一个实施例中，激励方案的分配如图4所示，采取金字塔形分级激励机制。具体方法如下：将节电所得收益平均分为若干份（以下文中以4份为例），形成4个激励相同但激励级别不同（由高至低1-4级）的奖池。每个奖池设置不同数量的获奖人数，获奖者平分奖池内的奖金，其中，高级别的激励等级的用户获得激励的概率更大，获的激励的额度更高。如图4所示，金字塔由底至上，激励等级越来越高。位于底部的激励等级S1最低，获奖人数最多，例如8个，每个获奖者获得的激励最低，为末等激励。激励等级S2的等级高于S1，获奖人数少于S1，例如4个，每个获奖者获得的激励高于S1级的用户，为中等激励。激励等级S3的等级高于S1和S2，获奖人数少于S1和S2，例如2个，每个获奖者获得的激励高于S1级和S2级的用户，为次高激励。激励等级S1的等级高于S1、S2和S3，获奖人数少于S1、S2和S3，例如1个，每个获奖者获得的激励高于S1、S2和S3的用户，为最高激励。In one embodiment of the present invention, the allocation of incentive schemes is shown in FIG. 4 , and a pyramid-shaped hierarchical incentive mechanism is adopted. The specific method is as follows: Divide the income from power saving into several shares (take 4 shares as an example below) to form 4 prize pools with the same incentives but different incentive levels (from high to low). Each prize pool sets a different number of winners, and the winners share the bonus in the prize pool equally. Among them, users with high-level incentive levels have a greater probability of obtaining incentives and a higher amount of incentives. As shown in Figure 4, the pyramid is bottom-up, and the incentive level is getting higher and higher. The incentive level S1 at the bottom is the lowest, and the number of winners is the largest, for example, 8, and each winner receives the lowest incentive, which is the last incentive. The level of incentive level S2 is higher than that of S1, and the number of winners is less than S1, for example, 4, and the incentive for each winner is higher than that of S1 level users, which is a medium incentive. The level of incentive level S3 is higher than that of S1 and S2, and the number of winners is less than that of S1 and S2, for example, 2. Each winner gets a higher incentive than users of S1 and S2, which is the second highest incentive. Incentive level S1 is higher than S1, S2, and S3, and the number of winners is less than S1, S2, and S3, for example, one. The incentive for each winner is higher than users of S1, S2, and S3, which is the highest incentive.
在本发明的一个实施例中，当激励为奖金时，则S1、S2、S3和S4级别的用户获得激励依次升高。In one embodiment of the present invention, when the incentive is a bonus, the incentives obtained by users at levels S1, S2, S3 and S4 increase sequentially.
然而如果用户希望享有高级别的激励等级的话，则需要用户通过做出更多的节电行为，才能获得更高级别的激励等级。总体来说，该机制保证节电多的用户比节电少的用户更有机会获奖，且有机会获得更高级别的激励。系统将用户的节电行为量化为用户的奖券数量，量化的方法包括基于绝对数值和基于序关系两部分，系统根据用户节电的数值给予用户相应的奖券，并给节电总量排名靠前的用户额外的奖券奖励。However, if the user wants to enjoy a high-level incentive level, the user needs to perform more power-saving behaviors to obtain a higher level of incentive level. Overall, this mechanism ensures that users who save more electricity have a better chance of winning prizes than users who save less electricity, and have the opportunity to obtain higher-level incentives. The system quantifies the user's power-saving behavior into the number of coupons for the user. The quantification method includes two parts based on absolute value and sequence relationship. Additional coupon rewards for users.
在本发明的一个实施例中，激励机制还包括以下步骤：In one embodiment of the present invention, the incentive mechanism also includes the following steps:
S501：存储用户通过在线控制接口对用电设备的在线控制操作记录。S501: Store the user's online control operation record on the electrical equipment through the online control interface.
S502：根据在线控制操作记录对降低用电设备的用电量的多个用户提供激励。S502: Provide incentives to multiple users who reduce the power consumption of the power consumption equipment according to the online control operation records.
本激励机制为用户群体节电激励机制，本激励机制与上一实施例的区别在于，本激励机制主要关注空调系统和照明系统的节电，空调系统和照明系统均为影响多个用户的耗电设备，即，空调系统和照明系统同时向多个用户服务，并接受多个用户的控制，因而需要多个用户协作以进行节电。系统首先确定每个空调和照明设备的影响范围，在设备影响范围之内的用户对该设备享有控制权，从而自然地成为针对该设备的节电用户群体，该群体内的用户可以通过S103中所述的在线控制接口控制空调设备和照明设备的功率，用户的在线控制操作会被记录并存入数据库，作为该群体内部激励分配的依据。本激励机制会根据空调系统和照明系统的节电收益和空调设备、照明设备的用户群体中每一个用户的操作为该用户分配奖励。通过本机制，可保证即使是绝对用电量很大的用户，也能通过采取积极主动节省用电的措施以获得更多的奖励，有助于提高用户节省用电的积极性。This incentive mechanism is an incentive mechanism for user groups to save electricity. The difference between this incentive mechanism and the previous embodiment is that this incentive mechanism mainly focuses on the energy saving of air-conditioning systems and lighting systems, both of which affect the power consumption of multiple users. Electric equipment, that is, the air conditioning system and the lighting system serve multiple users at the same time and are controlled by multiple users, thus requiring the cooperation of multiple users to save electricity. The system first determines the scope of influence of each air conditioner and lighting equipment, and users within the scope of influence of the equipment have control over the equipment, thus naturally becoming a power-saving user group for the equipment, and users in this group can pass S103. The online control interface controls the power of air-conditioning equipment and lighting equipment, and the user's online control operations will be recorded and stored in the database as the basis for incentive distribution within the group. This incentive mechanism will distribute rewards to each user in the user group of air-conditioning and lighting systems based on the power-saving benefits of the air-conditioning system and lighting system and the operation of each user. Through this mechanism, it can be guaranteed that even users with a large absolute power consumption can obtain more rewards by taking proactive measures to save power consumption, which helps to improve users' enthusiasm for saving power consumption.
在本发明的一个实施例中，S103步骤中的用户用电信息实时在线显示系统，S104步骤中金字塔形分级激励机制的激励方案与中奖结果，以及S502步骤中的在线控制操作记录，可通过建立一个专门用于同用户交互的节电数据收集及公布网站来实现。需要说明的是，本实施例的实现方式只是为了便于说明，而不应理解为对本发明的限制。In one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time online display system of user electricity consumption information in step S103, the incentive scheme and winning result of the pyramid-shaped hierarchical incentive mechanism in step S104, and the online control operation record in step S502 can be established by A power-saving data collection and publishing website dedicated to interacting with users is implemented. It should be noted that the implementation manner of this embodiment is only for convenience of description, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
上述个体节电与群体性节电针对的是不同的用电器，前者个人可以完全掌控，后者需要一个群体达成共识，共同控制。针对两种行为的奖励也分别可以通过确定性激励和概率性激励完成，两者共同构成了一个整体。The above-mentioned individual power saving and group power saving are aimed at different electrical appliances. The former can be fully controlled by individuals, while the latter requires a group to reach a consensus and jointly control. The rewards for the two behaviors can also be completed through deterministic incentives and probabilistic incentives respectively, and the two together form a whole.
根据本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法，通过建立一种激励机制对采取节电措施的用户加以激励，引导用户自发地、主动地进行节电，在不损失用户舒适度和工作效率的前提下实现节电，有助于提高用户节省用电的积极性，便于在商业建筑管理中进行普及，为节省电力能源提出了一种有效、可行的方案。According to the building energy-saving method based on the incentive mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention, by establishing an incentive mechanism to motivate users who take power-saving measures, guide users to save power spontaneously and actively, without losing user comfort and work efficiency It is helpful to improve the enthusiasm of users to save electricity, and it is easy to popularize in commercial building management. It proposes an effective and feasible plan for saving electricity energy.
具体地，本发明实施例的基于激励机制的建筑节能方法通过激励的方法，把办公室建筑中个人与组织的利益联系起来，以达成节能的目标。并且在激励（个体和群体）措施上，主要创新是概率性激励，这当中利用了行为经济学中的前景理论，可以使用户感受到的得益比实际能够得到的得益来得更多，从而提高激励的效率。最后，在群体节电过程中，针对不同个体用户的不同偏好，达到群体共识，不损失个人的满意程度而达到节能目标。流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本发明的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本发明的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。Specifically, the building energy saving method based on the incentive mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention connects the interests of individuals and organizations in the office building through the incentive method to achieve the goal of energy saving. And in terms of incentives (individual and group) measures, the main innovation is probabilistic incentives, which use the prospect theory in behavioral economics, which can make users feel more benefits than they can actually get, so that Improve the efficiency of incentives. Finally, in the process of group power saving, according to the different preferences of different individual users, a group consensus is reached, and the energy saving goal is achieved without losing personal satisfaction. Any process or method descriptions in flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent modules, segments or portions of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process , and the scope of preferred embodiments of the invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which shall It is understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备（如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统）使用，或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言，"计算机可读介质"可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例（非穷尽性列表）包括以下：具有一个或多个布线的电连接部（电子装置），便携式计算机盘盒（磁装置），随机存取存储器（RAM），只读存储器（ROM），可擦除可编辑只读存储器（EPROM或闪速存储器），光纤装置，以及便携式光盘只读存储器（CDROM）。另外，计算机可读介质甚至可以是可在其上打印所述程序的纸或其他合适的介质，因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描，接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序，然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium, For use with an instruction execution system, device, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other systems that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device, or device and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such an instruction execution system, device or equipment used. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" may be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use in or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or device. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), portable computer disk case (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable and Editable Read Only Memory (EPROM or Flash Memory), Fiber Optic Devices, and Portable Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program can be printed, since the program can be read, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpretation or other suitable processing if necessary. The program is processed electronically and stored in computer memory.
应当理解，本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列（PGA），现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）等。It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, firmware or their combination. In the embodiments described above, various steps or methods may be implemented by software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following techniques known in the art: Discrete logic circuits, ASICs with suitable combinational logic gates, Programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), etc.
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps carried by the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. During execution, one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments is included.
此外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are realized in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limitations to the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, and modifications to the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.
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