技术领域technical field
本发明涉及超材料领域，更具体地说，涉及一种具有高介电常数的各向同性的超材料。The invention relates to the field of metamaterials, more specifically, to an isotropic metamaterial with high dielectric constant.
背景技术Background technique
介电常数是材料对电场响应的一个参数，材料在外加电场时会产生感应电荷而削弱电场，原真空中的外加电场与最终材料中电场的比值即为介电常数。The dielectric constant is a parameter of the response of the material to the electric field. When the material is applied with an electric field, it will generate induced charges and weaken the electric field. The ratio of the applied electric field in the original vacuum to the electric field in the final material is the dielectric constant.
自然界中，任何一种材料在特定的条件下，都有它特定的介电常数值或者介电常数曲线。介电常数较高的材料放在电场中，电场的强度会在电介质材料内有可观的下降。介电常数高的材料，如介电绝缘体，通常用来制造电容。而且在高介电常数材料中，电磁波波长很短，可以大大缩小射频及微波器件的尺寸。In nature, any material has its specific dielectric constant value or dielectric constant curve under certain conditions. When a material with a higher dielectric constant is placed in an electric field, the strength of the electric field will drop considerably within the dielectric material. Materials with high dielectric constants, such as dielectric insulators, are often used to make capacitors. Moreover, in high dielectric constant materials, the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is very short, which can greatly reduce the size of radio frequency and microwave devices.
随着技术日新月异的发展，人们对材料的应用要求越来越高，在某些场合，所需要的介电常数值远高于自然界已有的材料的介电常数值，现有的介电常数较高的介电绝缘体也不能达到要求，这将为技术和产品研发造成瓶颈。实际上，自然存在的材料都很难实现这种要求，因此，人们转向人工制造的超材料，以期实现上述技术目的。With the rapid development of technology, people have higher and higher requirements for the application of materials. In some occasions, the required dielectric constant value is much higher than that of the existing materials in nature. The existing dielectric constant Higher dielectric insulators also cannot meet the requirements, which will create a bottleneck for technology and product development. In fact, it is difficult for naturally occurring materials to meet this requirement. Therefore, people turn to artificially manufactured metamaterials in order to achieve the above technical goals.
超材料是一种具有天然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的人工复合结构材料，通过对微结构的有序排列，改变了空间中每点的相对介电常数和磁导率。超材料可以在一定范围内实现普通材料无法具备的介电常数和磁导率，从而可以有效控制电磁波的传播特性。Metamaterials are artificial composite structural materials with extraordinary physical properties that natural materials do not have. Through the orderly arrangement of microstructures, the relative permittivity and magnetic permeability of each point in space are changed. Metamaterials can realize the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability that ordinary materials cannot have within a certain range, so that the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves can be effectively controlled.
超材料包括由具有一定图案形状的金属线构成的人造微结构和人造微结构所附着的基材。多个人造微结构在基材上阵列排布，基材对人造微结构起到支撑作用，可为任何与人造微结构不同的材料。这两种材料的叠加会在空间中产生一个等效介电常数与磁导率，这两个物理参数分别对应了材料整体的电场响应与磁场响应。超材料对电磁响应的特征是由人造微结构的特征所决定，而人造微结构的电磁响应很大程度上取决于其金属线的图案所具有的拓扑特征和超材料单元尺寸。超材料单元尺寸取决于人造微结构需要响应的电磁波频率，通常人造微结构的尺寸为所需响应的电磁波波长的十分之一，否则空间中由人造微结构所组成的排列在空间中不能被视为连续。Metamaterials include artificial microstructures composed of metal wires with a certain pattern shape and a substrate to which the artificial microstructures are attached. A plurality of artificial microstructures are arrayed on the substrate, and the substrate supports the artificial microstructures, which can be any material different from the artificial microstructures. The superposition of these two materials will produce an equivalent permittivity and magnetic permeability in space. These two physical parameters correspond to the overall electric field response and magnetic field response of the material respectively. The characteristics of metamaterials' electromagnetic response are determined by the characteristics of artificial microstructures, and the electromagnetic response of artificial microstructures depends largely on the topological characteristics of the pattern of its metal lines and the size of metamaterial units. The size of the metamaterial unit depends on the electromagnetic wave frequency that the artificial microstructure needs to respond to. Usually, the size of the artificial microstructure is one-tenth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave that needs to be responded. Otherwise, the arrangement composed of artificial microstructures in space cannot be considered continuous.
各向同性的超材料可以对任何方向的电场均产生响应，在各个方向上的物理性能指标都相同，目前各向同性的超材料生产工艺中通常采用如图1所示的“十”形人造微结构去改变空间中的介电常数分布，相互垂直的金属线对改变介电常数起关键作用，根据超材料的特性可知超材料可以看作由附着人造微结构的基材单元阵列排布而成，单个基材单元的尺寸通常为电磁波波长的五分之一到十分之一之间。因此在有限的空间里“十”形人造微结构中相互垂直金属线的尺寸改变的范围有限，因此介电常数可改变的范围也是有限的。Isotropic metamaterials can respond to electric fields in any direction, and the physical performance indicators in all directions are the same. At present, the production process of isotropic metamaterials usually adopts the "ten" shape as shown in Figure 1. The microstructure can change the dielectric constant distribution in the space. The metal lines perpendicular to each other play a key role in changing the dielectric constant. According to the characteristics of the metamaterial, the metamaterial can be regarded as an array of substrate units attached to the artificial microstructure. As a result, the size of a single substrate unit is usually between one-fifth and one-tenth of the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave. Therefore, in a limited space, the size change range of the mutually perpendicular metal lines in the "ten" shaped artificial microstructure is limited, so the changeable range of the dielectric constant is also limited.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种具有高介电常数的各向同性的超材料。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an isotropic metamaterial with a high dielectric constant against the defects of the prior art.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种具有高介电常数的各向同性的超材料，包括基材和附着在所述基材上的人造微结构，所述人造微结构包括共交点的四个支路，任一所述支路的一端与所述交点相连，另一端为自由端，所述支路包括至少一个弯折部，任一所述支路以所述交点为圆心依次顺时针旋转90度、180度和270度后分别与其他三个支路重合。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of isotropic metamaterial with high dielectric constant, including a substrate and an artificial microstructure attached to the substrate, the artificial microstructure includes Four branches of a common intersection, one end of any of the branches is connected to the intersection, and the other end is a free end, the branch includes at least one bending portion, and any of the branches takes the intersection as The center of the circle is rotated clockwise by 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees respectively, and coincides with the other three branches respectively.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述弯折部弯折为直角。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bending portion is bent at a right angle.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述弯折部弯折为圆角。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bent portion is bent into a rounded corner.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述弯折部弯折为尖角。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bending portion is bent into a sharp angle.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述支路的自由端连接有一线段。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the free ends of the branches are connected with a line segment.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述支路的自由端与所述线段的中点相连。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the free end of the branch is connected to the midpoint of the line segment.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述人造微结构通过蚀刻、电镀、钻刻、光刻、电子刻或离子刻等方式附着于所述基材上。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the artificial microstructure is attached to the substrate by means of etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述基材为陶瓷材料。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is a ceramic material.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述基材为高分子材料或者聚四氟乙烯。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is a polymer material or polytetrafluoroethylene.
在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述基材为铁电材料、铁氧材料或者铁磁材料。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is a ferroelectric material, a ferrite material or a ferromagnetic material.
实施本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明通过改变现有“十”形人造微结构中各个分支的结构，增加了金属线的长度，经过仿真，结果显示，在非常宽的一段频率上，具有这种人造微结构的各向同性的超材料的介电常数非常平稳，且与具有“十”形人造微结构的超材料相比，介电常数和折射率有非常显著地提高。这种高介电常数的各向同性的超材料可以应用在天线制造以及半导体制造等领域，而且该技术方案由于突破了现有技术中单位体积内介电常数受限的缺陷，对微波器件的小型化产生也会产生不可估量的作用。Implementing the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention increases the length of the metal wire by changing the structure of each branch in the existing "ten" shaped artificial microstructure. After simulation, the result shows that on a very wide section of frequency, it has this The dielectric constant of the isotropic metamaterial with artificial microstructure is very stable, and compared with the metamaterial with "ten" shaped artificial microstructure, the dielectric constant and refractive index are significantly improved. This kind of isotropic metamaterial with high dielectric constant can be applied in the fields of antenna manufacturing and semiconductor manufacturing, and this technical solution breaks through the defect of limited permittivity per unit volume in the prior art. Miniaturization will also have an immeasurable effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, in the accompanying drawing:
图1是现有技术中“十”形人造微结构的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of "ten" shaped artificial microstructure in the prior art;
图2是本发明提出的第一种人造微结构的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the first artificial microstructure proposed by the present invention;
图3是包含第一种人造微结构的超材料的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the metamaterial comprising the first artificial microstructure;
图4是本发明提出的第二种人造微结构的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second artificial microstructure proposed by the present invention;
图5是包含第二种人造微结构的超材料的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the metamaterial comprising the second artificial microstructure;
图6是本发明提出的第三种人造微结构的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the third artificial microstructure proposed by the present invention;
图7是包含第三种人造微结构的超材料的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a metamaterial comprising a third artificial microstructure;
图8是本发明提出的第四种人造微结构的结构示意图；Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the fourth artificial microstructure proposed by the present invention;
图9是包含第四种人造微结构的超材料的结构示意图；Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a metamaterial comprising a fourth artificial microstructure;
图10是本发明提出的第五种人造微结构的结构示意图；Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the fifth artificial microstructure proposed by the present invention;
图11是包含第五种人造微结构的超材料的结构示意图；Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a metamaterial comprising a fifth artificial microstructure;
图12是本发明提出的第六种人造微结构的结构示意图；Fig. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the sixth artificial microstructure proposed by the present invention;
图13是包含第六种人造微结构的超材料的结构示意图。Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a metamaterial comprising a sixth artificial microstructure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种新型的各向同性的超材料，相对于现有的超材料，通过改变其中人造微结构的拓扑形状提高了超材料的介电常数。The invention provides a novel isotropic metamaterial. Compared with the existing metamaterial, the dielectric constant of the metamaterial is improved by changing the topological shape of the artificial microstructure.
如图3所示，超材料包括至少一块均匀等厚的基板1，若有多块基板1则基板1沿垂直于基板平面的方向(z轴方向)依次堆叠，并通过组装或者在每两块基板1之间填充可连接二者的物质例如液态基板原料，其在固化后将已有的两基板1粘合，从而使多块基板1构成一个整体。基板1可由FR-4、F4b、CEM1、CEM3或者TP-1等高介电常数陶瓷材料构成。As shown in Figure 3, the metamaterial includes at least one substrate 1 with uniform thickness. Substrates 1 are filled with substances that can connect the two, such as liquid substrate raw materials, which will bond the existing two substrates 1 after curing, so that multiple substrates 1 form a whole. The substrate 1 can be made of high dielectric constant ceramic materials such as FR-4, F4b, CEM1, CEM3 or TP-1.
将每块基板1虚拟地划分成多个完全相同的相互紧挨着的立方体基材单元，这些基材单元以x轴方向为行、以与之垂直的y轴方向为列依次阵列排布。基材单元的边长通常为入射电磁波波长的五分之一到十分之一之间。每个基材单元上附着有一个人造微结构2，基材单元和基材单元上的人造微结构2共同构成一个超材料单元3，如图3所示，本发明的超材料可看作是由多个超材料单元3沿x、y、z三个方向阵列排布而成。Each substrate 1 is virtually divided into a plurality of identical cubic substrate units next to each other, and these substrate units are arranged in an array with rows in the x-axis direction and columns in the vertical y-axis direction. The side length of the substrate unit is usually between one-fifth and one-tenth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave. Each substrate unit is attached with an artificial microstructure 2, and the substrate unit and the artificial microstructure 2 on the substrate unit together form a metamaterial unit 3, as shown in Figure 3, the metamaterial of the present invention can be regarded as It is formed by arraying a plurality of metamaterial units 3 along three directions of x, y, and z.
人造微结构2通常为金属线例如铜线或者银线构成的具有一定几何图形的平面或立体结构，其中，金属线可以是剖面为圆柱状或者扁平状的铜线、银线等，金属线的剖面也可以为其他形状。如图2所示，在本实施例中，人造微结构包括共交点O的四个支路A、B、C和D，该四个支路中的每个支路的一端与交点O相连，另一端为自由端，每个支路包括多个弯折部，每个弯折部弯折为直角，任一支路以交点O为圆心依顺时针方向旋转90度、180度和270度后分别与其他三个支路重合。The artificial microstructure 2 is generally a plane or three-dimensional structure with a certain geometric figure formed by metal wires such as copper wires or silver wires, wherein the metal wires can be cylindrical or flat copper wires, silver wires, etc. The profile can also be of other shapes. As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, the artificial microstructure includes four branches A, B, C and D of a common intersection O, one end of each branch in the four branches is connected with the intersection O, The other end is a free end, each branch includes a plurality of bending parts, each bending part is bent at a right angle, and any branch is rotated 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees clockwise with the intersection point O as the center, respectively coincides with the other three branches.
人造微结构还可以如图4所示，与图2所示的人造微结构的区别在于：每个支路的自由端分别连接有一个线段，各自由端分别与线段的中点相连。采用图4所示的人造微结构的超材料如图5所示。The artificial microstructure can also be shown in Figure 4, which is different from the artificial microstructure shown in Figure 2 in that: the free ends of each branch are respectively connected to a line segment, and each free end is respectively connected to the midpoint of the line segment. The metamaterial using the artificial microstructure shown in Fig. 4 is shown in Fig. 5.
人造微结构还可以如图6所示，与图2所示的人造微结构的区别在于：每个支路的弯折部弯折为圆角。采用图6所示的人造微结构的超材料如图7所示。The artificial microstructure can also be shown in FIG. 6 , which is different from the artificial microstructure shown in FIG. 2 in that: the bending part of each branch is bent into a rounded corner. The metamaterial using the artificial microstructure shown in Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 7 .
人造微结构还可以如图8所示，与图6所示的人造微结构的区别在于：每个支路的自由端分别连接有一个线段，各自由端分别与线段的中点相连。采用图8所示的人造微结构的超材料如图9所示。The artificial microstructure can also be shown in FIG. 8 , which is different from the artificial microstructure shown in FIG. 6 in that: the free ends of each branch are respectively connected to a line segment, and each free end is respectively connected to the midpoint of the line segment. A metamaterial using the artificial microstructure shown in FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9 .
人造微结构还可以如图10所示，与图2所示的人造微结构的区别在于：每个支路的弯折部弯折为尖角，采用图10所示的人造微结构的超材料如图11所示。The artificial microstructure can also be shown in Figure 10. The difference from the artificial microstructure shown in Figure 2 is that the bending part of each branch is bent into a sharp angle, and the artificial microstructure metamaterial shown in Figure 10 is used As shown in Figure 11.
人造微结构还可以如图12所示，与图10所示的人造微结构的区别在于：每个支路的自由端分别连接有一个线段，各自由端分别与线段的中点相连。采用图12所示的人造微结构的超材料如图13所示。The artificial microstructure can also be shown in FIG. 12 , which differs from the artificial microstructure shown in FIG. 10 in that: the free ends of each branch are respectively connected to a line segment, and each free end is respectively connected to the midpoint of the line segment. A metamaterial using the artificial microstructure shown in FIG. 12 is shown in FIG. 13 .
因此，上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，比如各支路可以弯折为其他各种规则或者不规则的形状，基材也可以为高分子材料、铁电材料、铁氧材料或铁磁材料等。这些均属于本发明的保护之内。Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, personnel can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present invention and the scope of protection of the claims, such as each branch can be bent into other various regular or irregular shapes, basically The material can also be polymer material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material. These all belong to the protection of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110131817.9ACN102790280B (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2011-05-20 | Isotropic metamaterial with high dielectric constant |
| US13/577,553US9899742B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-27 | Artificial microstructure and artificial electromagnetic material using the same |
| PCT/CN2011/081367WO2012122803A1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-27 | Artificial microstructure and artificial electromagnetic material using same |
| EP11860704.3AEP2544307B1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-27 | Artificial microstructure and artificial electromagnetic material using same |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110131817.9ACN102790280B (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2011-05-20 | Isotropic metamaterial with high dielectric constant |
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| CN102790280A CN102790280A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| CN102790280Btrue CN102790280B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
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| CN201110131817.9AActiveCN102790280B (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2011-05-20 | Isotropic metamaterial with high dielectric constant |
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