技术领域technical field
本发明属于超材料领域，具体地涉及一种阵列式超材料天线。The invention belongs to the field of metamaterials, and in particular relates to an array type metamaterial antenna.
背景技术Background technique
天线是在无线传输中用以发送和接收电磁波能量的重要元件，让使用者可不受地形限制，而顺利地利用无线通讯系统进行信息传输。目前各种产品所应用的天线，其设计方法与使用材质均不相同。选用适当的天线，有助于提升传输特性，同时也能降低生产成本。The antenna is an important component for sending and receiving electromagnetic wave energy in wireless transmission, allowing users to smoothly use the wireless communication system for information transmission without being restricted by terrain. At present, antennas used in various products have different design methods and materials. Choosing an appropriate antenna can help improve transmission characteristics and reduce production costs.
在现有技术中已知使用阵列天线进行发送和接收电磁波信号，现有技术的阵列天线包括多个天线部件，从所述的天线部件辐射的波束被重叠以获得方向性，并要求具有高主瓣增益，以及充分低的旁瓣电平以便于避免与其它装置的干扰。It is known in the prior art to use an array antenna for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals. The array antenna of the prior art includes a plurality of antenna parts from which the beams radiated are overlapped to obtain directivity and are required to have a high principal lobe gain, and sufficiently low sidelobe levels to avoid interference with other devices.
由于阵列天线具有方向性，所以改变主瓣的垂直角度(即：倾斜角度)，从而以特定方向方式发送和接收无线电信号。可通过调整馈入天线部件的之间的相位来改变主瓣的垂直角度。通过这种方式，可以提高主瓣的增益。Since the array antenna has directivity, the vertical angle (that is, the tilt angle) of the main lobe is changed to transmit and receive radio signals in a specific direction. The vertical angle of the main lobe can be changed by adjusting the phase between the feed antenna elements. In this way, the gain of the main lobe can be increased.
由于现有阵列式天线需要多件零组件方可组装构成，导致制造工序过于繁复，连带使得制造成本大幅提高，且阵列式天线所占据的体积过大，在实际使用上并不方便。Since the existing array antenna requires multiple components to be assembled, the manufacturing process is too complicated, and the manufacturing cost is greatly increased, and the volume occupied by the array antenna is too large, which is not convenient for practical use.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，针对现有技术阵列式天线工序复杂、成本高、体积大等不足，提供一种工序简单、成本低、体积小的阵列式超材料天线。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an array type metamaterial antenna with simple process, low cost and small size for the deficiencies of the prior art array type antenna, such as complex process, high cost, and large volume.
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的方案是：一种阵列式超材料天线，所述天线包括至少两个以上的超材料，每个超材料规则排列或随机排列，所述的每个超材料对于电磁波的调制方式不相同，所述每个超材料包括基材以及附着在基材上的多个人造微结构。The solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: an arrayed metamaterial antenna, the antenna includes at least two metamaterials, each metamaterial is arranged regularly or randomly, and each metamaterial is The electromagnetic waves are modulated in different ways, and each metamaterial includes a base material and a plurality of artificial microstructures attached to the base material.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述调制方式为电磁波的偏折、偏移、汇聚、发散。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the modulation method is deflection, offset, convergence and divergence of electromagnetic waves.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述基材由多个相互平行的片状基板堆叠形成，每个片状基板上均附着有多个人造微结构。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the base material is formed by stacking a plurality of parallel sheet substrates, and each sheet substrate is attached with a plurality of artificial microstructures.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述片状基板由陶瓷材料、环氧树脂或聚四氟乙烯制得。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the sheet substrate is made of ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述人造微结构为金属微结构，所述的每个金属微结构为一具有图案的附着在片状基板上的金属线。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the artificial microstructure is a metal microstructure, and each metal microstructure is a patterned metal wire attached to a sheet substrate.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述金属线通过蚀刻、电镀、钻刻、光刻、电子刻或离子刻的方法附着在片状基板上。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the metal wires are attached to the sheet substrate by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron engraving or ion engraving.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述金属线为铜线或银线。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the metal wires are copper wires or silver wires.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述金属线呈二维雪花状，其具有相互垂直呈“十”字的第一主线及第二主线，所述第一主线的两端垂直设置有两个第一支线，所述第一主线的两端垂直设置有两个第二支线。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the metal wire is in the shape of a two-dimensional snowflake, which has a first main line and a second main line perpendicular to each other in the shape of a "cross", and the two ends of the first main line are vertical Two first branch lines are provided, and two second branch lines are vertically provided at both ends of the first main line.
在本发明所述的阵列式超材料天线中，所述第一主线及第二主线相互平分，所述两个第一支线的中心连接在第一主线上，所述两个第二支线的中心连接在第二主线上。In the arrayed metamaterial antenna of the present invention, the first main line and the second main line bisect each other, the centers of the two first branch lines are connected to the first main line, and the centers of the two second branch lines connected to the second main line.
实施本发明的高定向超材料天线，具有以下有益效果：Implementing the highly directional metamaterial antenna of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.体积小，不占用过多的空间；1. Small size, does not take up too much space;
2.简单、易于实现、低成本，通过超材料对电磁波加以调制，不依赖天线的种类及形状。2. Simple, easy to implement, and low cost, the electromagnetic wave is modulated by the metamaterial, independent of the type and shape of the antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一个实施例一种阵列式超材料天线；Fig. 1 is an arrayed metamaterial antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明一个实施例中金属微结构的示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of metal microstructure in one embodiment of the present invention;
图3是图1的正视图；Fig. 3 is the front view of Fig. 1;
图4为图2所示图案衍生得到的一个金属微结构的图案；Figure 4 is a pattern of a metal microstructure derived from the pattern shown in Figure 2;
图5为图2所示图案变形得到的一个金属微结构的图案；Fig. 5 is the pattern of a metal microstructure obtained by pattern deformation shown in Fig. 2;
图6为图2所示图案变形得到的另一个金属微结构的图案。FIG. 6 is another pattern of metal microstructure obtained by deforming the pattern shown in FIG. 2 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
“超材料″是指一些具有天然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的人工复合结构或复合材料。通过在材料的关键物理尺度上的结构有序设计，可以突破某些表观自然规律的限制，从而获得超出自然界固有的普通性质的超常材料功能。"Metamaterial" refers to some artificial composite structures or composite materials with extraordinary physical properties that natural materials do not have. Through the orderly design of the structure on the key physical scale of the material, the limitation of some apparent natural laws can be broken through, so as to obtain the supernormal material function beyond the ordinary nature inherent in nature.
“超材料″重要的三个重要特征：Three important features of "metamaterials":
(1)“超材料″通常是具有新奇人工结构的复合材料；(1) "Metamaterials" are usually composite materials with novel artificial structures;
(2)“超材料″具有超常的物理性质(往往是自然界的材料中所不具备的)；(2) "Metamaterials" have extraordinary physical properties (often not available in natural materials);
(3)“超材料″性质由构成材料的本征性质及其中的人造微结构共同决定。(3) The properties of "metamaterials" are jointly determined by the intrinsic properties of the constituent materials and the artificial microstructures in them.
请参阅图1，本发明实施例一，一种阵列式超材料天线，包括：超材料10与超材料20。超材料10与超材料20排列在一起，视实际需要，超材料10与超材料20也可随机排列，每个超材料对于电磁波的调制方式不相同，所述调制方式为对电磁波的偏折、偏移、汇聚、发散。所述超材料包括基材1以及附着在基材上的多个人造微结构，图中用大大小小的方框表示此处存在不同的微结构。图1仅以两个超材料举例说明，在实际应用中，完全可以增加超材料个数，如：3个超材料组成的阵列、4个超材料组成的阵列、5个超材料组成的阵列等等。Please refer to FIG. 1 . Embodiment 1 of the present invention is an arrayed metamaterial antenna, including: a metamaterial 10 and a metamaterial 20 . The metamaterial 10 and the metamaterial 20 are arranged together. Depending on actual needs, the metamaterial 10 and the metamaterial 20 can also be arranged randomly. Each metamaterial has a different modulation method for electromagnetic waves. The modulation method is the deflection of the electromagnetic wave, Offset, converge, diverge. The metamaterial includes a substrate 1 and a plurality of artificial microstructures attached to the substrate. In the figure, different microstructures are represented by large and small boxes. Figure 1 only uses two metamaterials as an example. In practical applications, the number of metamaterials can be increased, such as: an array composed of 3 metamaterials, an array composed of 4 metamaterials, an array composed of 5 metamaterials, etc. wait.
当电磁波通过超材料组成的阵列式天线时，根据需要，每个超材料可以对电磁波起各自的偏折、汇聚、发散等功能，因此，通过不同的超材料，获得不同的调制分布，以满足不同的需要。When the electromagnetic wave passes through the array antenna composed of metamaterials, each metamaterial can perform the functions of deflection, convergence, and divergence of the electromagnetic wave according to the needs. Therefore, different modulation distributions can be obtained through different metamaterials to meet different needs.
电磁波的折射率跟物质的介电常数ε和磁导率μ的乘积反应有关系，当一束电磁波由一种介质传播到另外一种介质时，电磁波会发生折射，而且折射率越大的位置偏折角度越大，当物质内部的折射率分布非均匀时，电磁波就会向折射率比较大的位置偏折，通过改变折射率在材料中的分布，可以改变电磁波的传播路径。The refractive index of the electromagnetic wave is related to the product reaction of the dielectric constant ε and the magnetic permeability μ of the material. When a beam of electromagnetic wave propagates from one medium to another medium, the electromagnetic wave will be refracted, and the position with the larger refractive index The larger the deflection angle, when the refractive index distribution inside the material is non-uniform, the electromagnetic wave will be deflected to a position with a relatively large refractive index. By changing the distribution of the refractive index in the material, the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave can be changed.
超材料可以对电场或者磁场，或者两者同时进行相应。对电场的响应取决于超材料的介电常数ε，而对磁场的响应取决于超材料的磁导率μ。通过对超材料空间中每一点的介电常数ε与磁导率μ的精确控制，我们可以实现通过超材料对电磁波的影响。Metamaterials can respond to electric or magnetic fields, or both. The response to an electric field depends on the permittivity ε of the metamaterial, while the response to a magnetic field depends on the permeability μ of the metamaterial. By precisely controlling the permittivity ε and permeability μ of each point in the metamaterial space, we can realize the influence on electromagnetic waves through metamaterials.
超材料的电磁参数在空间中的均匀或者非均匀的分布是超材料的重要特征之一。电磁参数在空间中的均匀分布为非均匀分布的一种特殊形式，但其具体特性，仍然是由空间中排列的各个单元结构的特性所决定。因此，通过设计空间中排列的每个结构的特性，就可以设计出整个新型超材料在空间中每一点的电磁特性。这种电磁材料系统将会具有众多奇异特性，对电磁波的传播可以起到特殊的调制作用，如相同的介电常数ε与磁导率μ的乘积可以起偏折作用，中部各单元的介电常数ε与磁导率μ的乘积最大，其它的介电常数ε与磁导率μ的乘积由小到大呈渐变的趋势，且该趋势向中部靠近时电磁波会发生汇聚的现象，反之，则会发生发散的现象等等。The uniform or non-uniform distribution of the electromagnetic parameters of metamaterials in space is one of the important characteristics of metamaterials. The uniform distribution of electromagnetic parameters in space is a special form of non-uniform distribution, but its specific characteristics are still determined by the characteristics of each unit structure arranged in space. Therefore, by designing the properties of each structure arranged in space, the electromagnetic properties of the whole novel metamaterial at every point in space can be designed. This electromagnetic material system will have many singular properties, which can play a special modulation role in the propagation of electromagnetic waves. For example, the product of the same dielectric constant ε and magnetic permeability μ can play a deflection role, and the dielectric constant of each unit in the middle The product of the constant ε and the magnetic permeability μ is the largest, and the products of the other dielectric constants ε and the magnetic permeability μ show a gradual trend from small to large, and when the trend approaches the middle, the electromagnetic wave will converge, and vice versa. There will be divergence and so on.
作为本发明的一个实施例，如图1和图3所示，所述基材1由多个相互平行的片状基板11堆叠形成，每个片状基板11上均附着有多个人造微结构2。实际做产品的时候，还可以对其进行封装，使得从外部看不到金属微结构，封装的材料与基材相同。As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the substrate 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of parallel sheet substrates 11, and each sheet substrate 11 is attached with a plurality of artificial microstructures. 2. When actually making a product, it can also be packaged so that the metal microstructure cannot be seen from the outside, and the material of the package is the same as the base material.
本发明的所述片状基板11可以由陶瓷材料、环氧树脂或聚四氟乙烯制得。作为一个实施例，选用聚四氟乙烯来制成片状基板。聚四氟乙烯的电绝缘性非常好，因此不会对电磁波的电场产生干扰，并且具有优良的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性，使用寿命长，作为人造微结构附着的基材是很好的选择。The sheet substrate 11 of the present invention can be made of ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene. As an example, polytetrafluoroethylene is used to make the sheet substrate. PTFE has very good electrical insulation, so it will not interfere with the electric field of electromagnetic waves, and has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, and long service life. It is a good choice as a substrate for artificial microstructures .
本实施例中，优选地，所述的人造微结构2为金属微结构，所述的每个金属微结构为一具有图案的附着在片状基板上的金属线。In this embodiment, preferably, the artificial microstructure 2 is a metal microstructure, and each metal microstructure is a patterned metal wire attached to the sheet substrate.
作为一个实施例，所述金属线通过蚀刻、电镀、钻刻、光刻、电子刻或粒子刻的方法附着在片状基板上。当然，也可以是三维激光加工等其它可行的加工方法。As an embodiment, the metal wires are attached on the sheet substrate by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or particle etching. Of course, other feasible processing methods such as three-dimensional laser processing may also be used.
作为一个实施例，所述金属线为铜线或银线。铜与银的导电性能好，对电场的响应更加灵敏。As an embodiment, the metal wire is copper wire or silver wire. Copper and silver have good electrical conductivity and are more sensitive to electric fields.
如图2所示，作为一个具体的实施例，所述金属线呈二维雪花状，其具有相互垂直呈“十”字的第一主线21及第二主线22，所述第一主线21的两端垂直设置有两个第一支线23，所述第一主线的两端垂直设置有两个第二支线24。所述第一主线21及第二主线22相互平分，所述两个第一支线23的中心连接在第一主线21上，所述两个第二支线24的中心连接在第二主线22上。图中只是示意，实际上第一主线、第二主线、第一支线及第二支线都是有宽度的。As shown in Figure 2, as a specific embodiment, the metal wire is in the shape of a two-dimensional snowflake, which has a first main line 21 and a second main line 22 perpendicular to each other in the shape of a "cross", and the first main line 21 Two first branch lines 23 are vertically arranged at both ends, and two second branch lines 24 are vertically arranged at both ends of the first main line. The first main line 21 and the second main line 22 bisect each other, the centers of the two first branch lines 23 are connected to the first main line 21 , and the centers of the two second branch lines 24 are connected to the second main line 22 . The figure is only for illustration, in fact, the first main line, the second main line, the first branch line and the second branch line all have width.
如图3所示，同一平面内金属微结构呈3×5的矩阵排列，并且在电磁波的入射方向上排布有3层(3块片状基板)，这只是个示意性表示，根据不同需要可以有不同的平面排列，并且在电磁波入射方向上金属微结构的排布也可以有其它层数。As shown in Figure 3, the metal microstructures in the same plane are arranged in a matrix of 3×5, and there are 3 layers (3 sheet substrates) arranged in the incident direction of electromagnetic waves. This is only a schematic representation, and according to different needs There can be different plane arrangements, and the arrangement of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic wave incident direction can also have other layers.
当然，这里只是举了一个简单的例子，金属线还可以有其它的图案(或拓扑结构)，如图4-图6所示。其中图4为上述图案的衍生，即在两个第一支线和两个第二支线的两端均再加两个支线，依此类推，还可以有很多其它的衍生图案；其中图5至图6为上述图案的变形；上述的4个例子都是对电场响应的金属微结构(即可以影响电磁波的介电常数)；另外还有许多对磁场响应的金属微结构，如在许多文献中都被引用到的开口谐振环结构。另外金属微结构还可以有很多变形图案，本发明并不能对此一一列举。Of course, this is just a simple example, and the metal lines can also have other patterns (or topological structures), as shown in FIGS. 4-6 . Wherein Fig. 4 is the derivation of above-mentioned pattern, promptly all adds two branch lines at the two ends of two first branch lines and two second branch lines, and so on, can also have many other derived patterns; Wherein Fig. 5 to Fig. 6 is the deformation of the above pattern; the above four examples are all metal microstructures that respond to electric fields (that is, the dielectric constant that can affect electromagnetic waves); in addition, there are many metal microstructures that respond to magnetic fields, such as in many documents. is referenced to the split-ring resonator structure. In addition, the metal microstructure may have many deformed patterns, which cannot be listed in the present invention.
在基材选定的情况下，可以通过设计金属微结构的图案、设计尺寸和/或金属微结构在空间中的排布获得想要的调制结果。这是因为，通过设计金属微结构的图案、设计尺寸和/或金属微结构在空间中的排布，即可设计出超材料空间调制器所在空间中每一单元的电磁参数ε和μ。至于怎么得到金属微结构的图案、设计尺寸和/或金属微结构在空间中的排布，这个方法是多种的，举个例子，可以通过逆向的计算机仿真模拟得到，首先我们确定需要的调制结果分布，根据此效果去设计超材料整体的电磁参数分布，再从整体出发计算出空间中每一点的电磁参数分布，根据这每一点的电磁参数来选择相应的金属微结构的图案、设计尺寸和/或金属微结构在空间中的排布(计算机中事先存放有多种金属微结构数据)，对每个点的设计可以用穷举法，例如先选定一个具有特定图案的金属微结构，计算电磁参数，将得到的结果和我们想要的对比，对比再循环多次，一直到找到我们想要的电磁参数为止，若找到了，则完成了金属微结构的设计参数选择；若没找到，则换一种图案的金属微结构，重复上面的循环，一直到找到我们想要的电磁参数为止。如果还是未找到，则上述过程也不会停止。也就是说只有找到了我们需要的电磁参数的金属微结构后，程序才会停止。由于这个过程都是由计算机完成的，因此，看似复杂，其实很快就能完成。When the base material is selected, the desired modulation result can be obtained by designing the pattern, design size and/or arrangement of the metal microstructure in space. This is because the electromagnetic parameters ε and μ of each unit in the space where the metamaterial spatial modulator is located can be designed by designing the pattern, size and/or arrangement of the metal microstructure in space. As for how to obtain the pattern, design size and/or arrangement of metal microstructures in space, there are many methods. For example, it can be obtained through reverse computer simulation. First, we determine the required modulation According to the result distribution, design the overall electromagnetic parameter distribution of metamaterials based on this effect, and then calculate the electromagnetic parameter distribution of each point in the space from the whole, and select the corresponding metal microstructure pattern and design size according to the electromagnetic parameters of each point And/or the arrangement of metal microstructures in space (multiple metal microstructure data are stored in the computer in advance), the design of each point can be exhaustive, for example, first select a metal microstructure with a specific pattern , calculate the electromagnetic parameters, compare the obtained results with what we want, compare and recycle several times until the electromagnetic parameters we want are found, if found, the design parameter selection of the metal microstructure is completed; if not If it is found, change the metal microstructure of another pattern, and repeat the above cycle until we find the electromagnetic parameters we want. If it is still not found, the above process will not stop. That is to say, the program will not stop until the metal microstructure with the electromagnetic parameters we need is found. Since this process is completed by a computer, it may seem complicated, but it can be completed very quickly.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110074035.6ACN102694232B (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Array-type metamaterial antenna |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110074035.6ACN102694232B (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Array-type metamaterial antenna |
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| CN102694232A CN102694232A (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| CN102694232Btrue CN102694232B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201110074035.6AActiveCN102694232B (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Array-type metamaterial antenna |
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