CN102625367B - Time slot optimized multichannel multiple-access control method in multi-hop Ad Hoc network - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信技术，具体涉及多跳Ad Hoc网络中时隙优化的多信道多址接入控制方法。The invention relates to wireless communication technology, in particular to a multi-channel multiple access control method for time slot optimization in a multi-hop Ad Hoc network.
背景技术Background technique
IEEE802.11DCF协议，提供了分布式的接入控制，是Ad Hoc网络MAC协议研究和应用中得到关注最多的协议之一。IEEE802.11DCF协议是基于CSMA/CA（带有冲突避免的载波侦听多路访问）机制的MAC协议。该协议采用共享单信道的模式，通过DATA-ACK两次握手或RTS—CTS—DATA—ACK四次握手机制完成分布式数据业务的接入过程，其中四次握手机制基本解决了隐藏终端和暴露终端问题。同时，通过载波侦听、冲突避免和随机回退等技术控制共享单信道模式下数据报文的冲突。DCF的核心机制包括：握手机制、载波侦听机制、帧间间隔和随机回退机制。此协议在系统负载较大时不能有效利用带宽资源是其最大的缺点。The IEEE802.11DCF protocol provides distributed access control, and is one of the most concerned protocols in the research and application of Ad Hoc network MAC protocols. The IEEE802.11DCF protocol is a MAC protocol based on the CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism. The protocol adopts the mode of sharing a single channel, and completes the access process of distributed data services through the DATA-ACK two-way handshake or the RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK four-way handshake mechanism. The four-way handshake mechanism basically solves the problem of hidden terminals and exposed terminals. terminal problem. At the same time, the collision of data packets in the shared single-channel mode is controlled through technologies such as carrier sense, collision avoidance, and random backoff. The core mechanism of DCF includes: handshake mechanism, carrier sense mechanism, inter-frame space and random back-off mechanism. The biggest shortcoming of this protocol is that it cannot effectively utilize bandwidth resources when the system load is heavy.
DBTMA协议使用忙音信号（BTs和BTr）通知邻节点有效减轻了包冲突，但需要加额外的收发器，并占用一定的带宽；DBTMA协议也没有考虑隐藏终端的问题。The DBTMA protocol uses busy tone signals (BTs and BTr) to notify neighboring nodes to effectively reduce packet collisions, but requires additional transceivers and occupies a certain bandwidth; the DBTMA protocol does not consider the problem of hidden terminals.
PCDC协议通过控制功率减小干扰节点的数据解决了隐藏终端的问题，但没有考虑暴露终端的问题。The PCDC protocol solves the problem of hidden terminals by controlling the power to reduce the data of interfering nodes, but does not consider the problem of exposed terminals.
DCMA-CSBI协议通过使用广播忙指示包的方法解决了隐藏终端发送数据的冲突，但不能接收数据。The DCMA-CSBI protocol solves the conflict that the hidden terminal sends data but cannot receive data by using the method of broadcasting busy indication packets.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的缺陷与不足，本发明的目的是设计一种适用于多跳Ad Hoc网络中时隙优化的多信道多址接入控制方法，该方法在多跳网络下提高了网络吞吐量，同时解决了隐藏终端和暴露终端的问题。For the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the invention is to design a kind of multi-channel multiple access control method applicable to time slot optimization in multi-hop Ad Hoc network, the method improves network throughput under multi-hop network , while solving the problem of hidden terminals and exposed terminals.
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现上述目的：多跳Ad Hoc网络中时隙优化的多信道多址接入控制方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above object: the multi-channel multiple access control method of time slot optimization in the multi-hop Ad Hoc network comprises the following steps:
第一步，预约时隙选择：如果侦听到有冲突的RTS/CTS握手发送时，发送节点就退避到下一个预约时隙继续尝试RTS分组发送，对于第1次未收到CTS分组，发送方先侦听公共控制信道（CCH）1个数据分组发送时隙，若在此期间接收方没有收发RTS或CTS分组，就在此数据分组发送时隙结束后的预约时隙中发送RTS预约，对于多次仍没有收到CTS分组，发送节点在此次数据分组发送尝试失败后的KMAX个预约时隙中等概选择一个预约时隙，尝试重发该数据分组；The first step, reserved time slot selection: If a conflicting RTS/CTS handshake is detected, the sending node retreats to the next reserved time slot and continues to try to send RTS packets. For the first time that the CTS packet is not received, send The party first listens to the common control channel (CCH) for 1 data packet transmission time slot. If the receiver does not send or receive RTS or CTS packets during this period, it will send the RTS reservation in the reserved time slot after the end of the data packet transmission time slot. Still not receiving the CTS packet for many times, the sending node selects a reserved time slot among the KMAX reserved time slots after the data packet sending attempt fails this time, and tries to resend the data packet;
第二步，竞争微时隙选择和RTS/CTS握手：当发送节点在CCH上的一个预约时隙开始时，有数据分组要发送给某个邻节点，则在发送RTS之前要从当前预约时隙的NMS个竞争微时隙中随机选择一个作为RTS分组发送开始的时间，并在发送RTS分组之前侦听之前的竞争微时隙，如果在其所选的竞争微时隙到来之前的竞争微时隙中都没有侦听到其他节点发送控制分组，那么该发送节点就在所选的竞争微时隙上开始发送RTS分组进行信道预约，并在CCH上等待接收节点回复CTS分组；否则进行退避到下一个预约时隙到达时，再重新进行预约；如果接收节点正确接收到RTS分组，那么它就立刻回复CTS分组；The second step is competition mini-slot selection and RTS/CTS handshake: when the sending node starts a reserved time slot on the CCH, and there is a data packet to be sent to a neighboring node, it must start from the current reserved time slot before sending RTS Randomly select one of the NMS competition mini-slots in the slot as the start time of RTS packet transmission, and listen to the previous competition mini-slot before sending the RTS packet, if the competition mini-slot before the selected competition mini-slot arrives If no other node is detected to send control packets in the time slot, then the sending node starts to send RTS packets on the selected competition mini-slot for channel reservation, and waits for the receiving node to reply to the CTS packet on the CCH; otherwise, back off When the next reserved time slot arrives, make a new reservation; if the receiving node receives the RTS packet correctly, it will reply the CTS packet immediately;
第三步，数据分组发送及确认：如果发送节点在规定的时间内正确收到CTS分组，则预约成功，转到预定数据信道(DCH)上在对应的数据分组发送时隙上无冲突地发送数据分组，接收节点正确收到后，回复ACK分组进行成功接收确认，从而完成一个完整的数据分组发送过程；The third step, data packet transmission and confirmation: If the sending node correctly receives the CTS packet within the specified time, the reservation is successful, and it is transferred to the predetermined data channel (DCH) and sent on the corresponding data packet transmission time slot without conflict After the data packet is received correctly, the receiving node will reply the ACK packet to confirm the successful reception, thus completing a complete data packet sending process;
所述KMAX是一个在建立网络时人工设定的预约时隙的个数，所述等概选择是指在KMAX个时隙中以相同的概率选择0-KMAX之间的一个时隙；所述NMS为在建立网络时人工设定的微时隙的个数。The KMAX is the number of reserved time slots manually set when the network is established, and the equal probability selection refers to selecting a time slot between 0-KMAX with the same probability in the KMAX time slots ; The NMS is the number of mini-slots manually set when establishing the network.
所述第二步包括以下步骤：The second step includes the following steps:
S21、在所选预约时隙中随机选择一个退避微时隙；S21. Randomly select a back-off mini-slot in the selected reserved slots;
S22、判断退避微时隙是否到来；S22. Determine whether the backoff mini-slot arrives;
S23、若退避微时隙到来，且侦听到有节点发送RTS/CTS握手，则退避到下一个预约时隙，然后返回步骤S2；若退避微时隙到来，且未侦听到有节点发送RTS/CTS握手，则侦听控制信道的RTS/CTS握手，然后返回步骤S3；S23. If the back-off mini-slot arrives and detects that a node sends an RTS/CTS handshake, back off to the next reserved time slot, and then return to step S2; if the back-off mini-slot arrives, and no node sends RTS/CTS handshake, then monitor the RTS/CTS handshake of the control channel, then return to step S3;
S24、若退避微时隙到来，且未侦听到有节点发送RTS/CTS握手，则发送RTS进行预约；S24. If the back-off mini-slot arrives, and no node is detected to send RTS/CTS handshake, send RTS to make a reservation;
S25、若接收方收到RTS，且接收方侦听到其他节点对的预约，正处于退避阶段，则接收方回复CTS；S25. If the receiving party receives the RTS, and the receiving party detects the reservation of other node pairs and is in the back-off phase, the receiving party replies to the CTS;
所述第三步包括以下步骤：The third step includes the following steps:
S31、若发送方收到CTS，则预约成功，接收方、发送方双方切换到相应的数据信道上进行数据分组的传输，发送方发送DATA；S31. If the sender receives the CTS, the reservation is successful, and both the receiver and the sender switch to the corresponding data channel for data packet transmission, and the sender sends DATA;
S32、若接收方收到DATA，则接收方回复ACK；发送方收到ACK后，DATA发送成功，完成一次通信会晤。S32. If the receiver receives the DATA, the receiver replies with an ACK; after the sender receives the ACK, the DATA is sent successfully, and a communication session is completed.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点及有益效果在于：Compared with prior art, advantage and beneficial effect of the present invention are:
1、本发明提出的方法通过公共信道(CCH)和业务信道(TCH)的时隙优化调整，使得控制信道上的信道预约与数据信道上的数据分组发送完美匹配，即在CCH和TCH上的分组发送达到平衡、均没有浪费相关信道资源，解决了控制信道的瓶颈问题。1, the method that the present invention proposes is through common channel (CCH) and the time slot optimization adjustment of traffic channel (TCH), makes the channel reservation on the control channel and the data packet on the data channel send the perfect match, promptly on CCH and TCH The packet transmission reaches a balance without wasting relevant channel resources, which solves the bottleneck problem of the control channel.
2、本发明提出的方法中采用的时隙优化方案也使得所使用的数据信道与控制信道的预约时隙相对应，实现了默认数据信道选择，从而不需要过多侦听控制信道或数据信道并保留信道状态结果，不需要建立信道状态表，不需要更改RTS/CTS帧格式并在其中加入协商选定的信道，不需要采用多余的控制分组进行信道预约和确认，不需要根据侦收RTS/CTS等控制分组建立NAV退避期，大大节省了相关的通信、存储和计算开销，避免了信道使用信息过时或错误造成的分组碰撞问题。2. The time slot optimization scheme adopted in the method proposed by the present invention also makes the used data channel correspond to the reserved time slot of the control channel, and realizes the default data channel selection, so that there is no need to monitor the control channel or data channel too much And retain the channel state results, do not need to establish a channel state table, do not need to change the RTS/CTS frame format and add the negotiated channel to it, do not need to use redundant control packets for channel reservation and confirmation, and do not need to receive RTS based on /CTS and other control groups establish a NAV backoff period, which greatly saves the related communication, storage and computing expenses, and avoids the problem of packet collision caused by outdated or incorrect channel usage information.
3、本发明中，各发送节点只需要侦听NTCH个预约时隙（即1个数据分组发送时隙）就可以知道其接收节点是否正在收发分组，只需侦听自己所选择的那个预约时隙，即可判定是否需要发送RTS分组，并且若RTS/CTS握手成功后，在此预约时隙所对应的TCH上即可完成无冲突的数据分组发送。采用预约时隙和竞争微时隙的双重预约退避机制，可以有效解决多跳网络中的隐藏终端和暴露终端问题，提高接入效率和网络多址性能。3. In the present invention, each sending node only needs to listen to NTCH reserved time slots (that is, 1 data packet sending time slot) to know whether its receiving node is sending and receiving packets, and only needs to listen to the reserved time slot selected by itself. It can determine whether to send RTS packets, and if the RTS/CTS handshake succeeds, the data packet transmission without conflict can be completed on the TCH corresponding to the reserved time slot. The dual reservation and backoff mechanism of reserved time slots and competitive micro-slots can effectively solve the problem of hidden terminals and exposed terminals in multi-hop networks, and improve access efficiency and network multiple access performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明接入控制方法的时序图；FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram of the access control method of the present invention;
图2是接入控制方法流程图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the access control method.
图1中，CCH是预约信道；DCH是数据信道；RTS是预约请求信号；CTS是预约应答信号；DATA是要发送的数据包；ACK是数据接收成功应答信号。In Figure 1, CCH is a reservation channel; DCH is a data channel; RTS is a reservation request signal; CTS is a reservation response signal; DATA is a data packet to be sent; ACK is a data reception success response signal.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例Example
本发明使用多信道策略，各节点使用一个公共控制信道(CCH)传输控制分组(RTS分组、CTS分组)，使用多个数据信道(DCH)传输数据分组(DATA)和确认分组(ACK)，并设数据信道的数目为NDCH。各节点仅有一部分工作在半双工模式的无线收发机，如果没有相关分组在DCH和CCH上发送，则在CCH上侦收相邻节点发送的RTS和CTS分组。The present invention uses a multi-channel strategy, each node uses a common control channel (CCH) to transmit control packets (RTS packets, CTS packets), uses multiple data channels (DCH) to transmit data packets (DATA) and acknowledgment packets (ACK), and Let the number of data channels be NDCH . Each node has only a part of wireless transceivers working in half-duplex mode. If there is no relevant packet sent on DCH and CCH, it will detect RTS and CTS packets sent by adjacent nodes on CCH.
本发明提出的方法将时间轴分为CCH上的预约阶段和DCH上的无冲突数据分组发送阶段。在本发明方法中，将CCH和DCH分别划分成一个个时隙，在CCH上的预约时隙中发送RTS/CTS分组进行预约，然后在预定DCH的数据分组发送时隙上发送DATA分组并进行确认。The method proposed by the invention divides the time axis into a reservation phase on CCH and a conflict-free data packet transmission phase on DCH. In the method of the present invention, the CCH and DCH are divided into time slots respectively, the RTS/CTS packet is sent in the reserved time slot on the CCH to make a reservation, and then the DATA packet is sent on the data packet sending time slot of the scheduled DCH and performed confirm.
本发明在每个CCH预约时隙包括NMS个长度为TMS的竞争微时隙、RTS和CTS分组的发送时间以及2个短帧间间隔（SIFS），SIFS包括信号往返传播时间、接收机处理时间、收发转换时间和必要的保护时间。每个DCH时隙包括DATA和ACK分组的发送时间和2个SIFS时间。In the present invention, each CCH reservation time slot includes NMS competition mini-slots with a length of TMS, the sending time of RTS and CTS packets, and 2 short interframe spaces (SIFS), and the SIFS includes signal round-trip propagation time and receiver processing time , Transceiver conversion time and necessary protection time. Each DCH time slot includes the sending time of DATA and ACK packets and 2 SIFS times.
图1作为本发明的时序图。在本发明提出的方法中，将CCH和DCH分别划分成一个个时隙，在CCH上的预约时隙中发送RTS/CTS分组进行预约，然后在预定DCH的数据分组发送时隙上发送DATA分组并进行确认。每个CCH预约时隙包括NMS个长度为TMS的竞争微时隙、RTS和CTS分组的发送时间以及2个短帧间间隔（SIFS），SIFS包括信号往返传播时间、接收机处理时间、收发转换时间和必要的保护时间。每个DCH时隙包括DATA和ACK分组的发送时间和2个SIFS时间。其中CCH上的传送速率RCCH和DCH上的传送速率RDCH可以相等、也可以不相等，可以根据所传输的分组长度、所应用的场合等自适应调整。Fig. 1 serves as the sequence diagram of the present invention. In the method proposed by the present invention, the CCH and DCH are divided into time slots respectively, RTS/CTS packets are sent in reserved time slots on CCH for reservation, and then DATA packets are sent in scheduled data packet sending time slots of DCH and confirm. Each CCH reservation slot includes NMS competition mini-slots with a length of TMS, the sending time of RTS and CTS packets, and 2 short interframe spaces (SIFS). SIFS includes signal round-trip propagation time, receiver processing time, and transceiver conversion time and the necessary protection time. Each DCH time slot includes the sending time of DATA and ACK packets and 2 SIFS times. The transmission rate RCCH on the CCH and the transmission rate RDCH on the DCH may or may not be equal, and can be adaptively adjusted according to the length of the transmitted packet and the application occasion.
本发明提出的方法将整个数据分组发送过程分为预约时隙选择、竞争微时隙选择和RTS/CTS握手、数据分组发送及确认3个阶段。The method proposed by the invention divides the entire data packet sending process into three stages: reservation time slot selection, competition mini-slot selection, RTS/CTS handshake, data packet sending and confirmation.
所述预约时隙选择过程如下：对新产生数据分组的初次发送，发送节点选择该分组产生后的第1个预约时隙或成功发送完上一个数据分组后的第1个预约时隙，立刻开始数据分组发送过程，发送过程中需要对时隙进行预约选择。如果侦听到有冲突的RTS/CTS握手发送时，发送节点就退避到下一个预约时隙继续尝试RTS分组发送。对于第1次未收到CTS分组，发送方先侦听CCH1个数据分组发送时隙，若在此期间接收方没有收发RTS或CTS分组的话，就在此数据分组发送时隙结束后的预约时隙中发送RTS预约。对于多次仍没有收到CTS分组，发送节点在此次数据分组发送尝试失败后的KMAX个预约时隙中等概选择一个预约时隙，尝试重发该数据分组的过程。所述KMAX是一个在建立网络时人工设定的预约时隙的个数，所述等概选择是指在KMAX个时隙中以相同的概率选择0-KMAX之间的一个时隙。The reservation time slot selection process is as follows: for the initial transmission of a newly generated data packet, the sending node selects the first reservation time slot after the packet is generated or the first reservation time slot after the last data packet is successfully sent, and immediately The data packet sending process starts, and the time slot needs to be reserved and selected during the sending process. If a conflicting RTS/CTS handshake is detected, the sending node backs off to the next reserved time slot and continues to try to send RTS packets. For the first time that the CTS packet is not received, the sender first listens to the CCH1 data packet transmission time slot. If the receiver does not send or receive RTS or CTS packets during this period, it will be scheduled after the end of the data packet transmission time slot. Send RTS reservations in the slot. If the CTS packet has not been received for many times, the sending node selects a reserved time slot among the KMAX reserved time slots after the data packet sending attempt fails this time, and tries to resend the data packet. The KMAX is the number of reserved time slots manually set when the network is established, and the equal probability selection refers to selecting a time slot between 0-KMAX with the same probability in the KMAX time slots .
所述竞争微时隙选择和RTS/CTS握手过程如下：当发送节点在CCH上的一个预约时隙开始时，有数据分组要发送给某个邻节点，则在发送RTS之前要从当前预约时隙的NMS个竞争微时隙中随机选择一个作为RTS分组发送开始的时间，并在发送RTS分组之前侦听之前的竞争微时隙。如果在其所选的竞争微时隙到来之前的竞争微时隙中都没有侦听到其他节点发送控制分组，那么该发送节点就在所选的竞争微时隙上开始发送RTS分组进行信道预约，并在CCH上等待接收节点回复CTS分组；否则进行退避到下一个预约时隙到达时，再重新进行预约。如果接收节点正确接收到RTS分组，那么它就立刻回复CTS分组。所述NMS为在建立网络时人工设定的微时隙的个数。The selection of the competition mini-slot and the RTS/CTS handshake process are as follows: when a reserved time slot of the sending node starts on the CCH, and there is a data packet to be sent to a certain neighboring node, then before sending the RTS, the current reserved time slot must be started. Randomly select one of the NMS competition mini-slots in the slot as the start time of RTS packet transmission, and listen to the previous competition mini-slot before sending the RTS packet. If no other nodes are detected to send control packets in the competition mini-slot before the selected competition mini-slot arrives, then the sending node starts to send RTS packets on the selected competition mini-slot for channel reservation , and wait on the CCH for the receiving node to reply to the CTS packet; otherwise, back off until the next reserved time slot arrives, and then make a new reservation. If the receiving node receives the RTS packet correctly, it immediately replies with the CTS packet. The NMS is the number of mini-slots manually set when establishing a network.
所述数据分组发送及确认过程如下：如果发送节点能够在规定的时间内正确收到CTS分组，说明预约成功，就转到预定DCH上在对应的数据分组发送时隙上无冲突地发送数据分组。接收节点正确收到后，回复ACK分组进行成功接收确认，从而完成一个完整的数据分组发送过程。The process of sending and confirming the data packet is as follows: if the sending node can correctly receive the CTS packet within the specified time, it means that the reservation is successful, and then transfer to the scheduled DCH to send the data packet without conflict on the corresponding data packet sending time slot . After the receiving node receives it correctly, it replies with an ACK packet to confirm successful reception, thus completing a complete data packet sending process.
在本实施例中，本发明接入控制方法的流程图如图2所示，具体包括以下步骤：In this embodiment, the flow chart of the access control method of the present invention is shown in Figure 2, specifically including the following steps:
S1、在控制信道上侦听RTS/CTS握手，若有数据分组发送，则随机选择一个预约时隙；S1. Listen to the RTS/CTS handshake on the control channel, and if there is a data packet to send, randomly select a reserved time slot;
S2、在所选预约时隙中随机选择一个退避微时隙；S2. Randomly select a back-off mini-slot in the selected reserved slots;
S3、判断退避微时隙是否到来；S3, judging whether the backoff mini-slot arrives;
S4、若退避微时隙到来，且侦听到有节点发送RTS/CTS握手，则退避到下一个预约时隙，然后返回步骤S2；若退避微时隙到来，且未侦听到有节点发送RTS/CTS握手，则侦听控制信道的RTS/CTS握手，然后返回步骤S3；S4. If the back-off mini-slot arrives and detects that a node sends an RTS/CTS handshake, back off to the next reserved time slot, and then return to step S2; if the back-off mini-slot arrives, and no node sends RTS/CTS handshake, then monitor the RTS/CTS handshake of the control channel, then return to step S3;
S5、若退避微时隙到来，且未侦听到有节点发送RTS/CTS握手，则发送RTS进行预约；S5. If the back-off mini-slot arrives, and no node is detected to send RTS/CTS handshake, send RTS to make a reservation;
S6、若接收方收到RTS，且接收方侦听到其他节点对的预约，正处于退避阶段，则接收方回复CTS；S6. If the receiving party receives the RTS, and the receiving party detects the reservation of other node pairs and is in the back-off phase, the receiving party replies to the CTS;
S7、若发送方收到CTS，则预约成功，接收方、发送方双方切换到相应的数据信道上进行数据分组的传输，发送方发送DATA；S7. If the sender receives the CTS, the reservation is successful, both the receiver and the sender switch to the corresponding data channel for data packet transmission, and the sender sends DATA;
S8、若接收方收到DATA，则接收方回复ACK；发送方收到ACK后，DATA发送成功，完成一次通信会晤。S8. If the receiver receives the DATA, the receiver replies with an ACK; after the sender receives the ACK, the DATA is sent successfully, and a communication session is completed.
其中，预约时隙选择阶段为步骤S1，步骤S2-6主要构成竞争微时隙选择和RTS/CTS握手阶段，步骤S7-8主要构成数据分组发送及确认阶段。Among them, the reservation time slot selection phase is step S1, step S2-6 mainly constitutes the competition mini-slot selection and RTS/CTS handshake phase, and step S7-8 mainly constitutes the data packet transmission and confirmation phase.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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