CN102621179A - Device and method for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of barred body material - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，通过在待测棒体材料高温端的隔热层中间加入热保护加热器并对热保护加热器进行温度控制，同时在待测棒体材料冷却端使用半导体制冷片使得待测棒体材料低温端的温度为环境温度，从而减小待测材料与隔热层的温差和待测材料非测量方向的热量传递，在测测量过程中，通过控制可控硅调功模块来调节主加热器与热保护加热器的功率，并通过测温模块将各测温点的温度值采集并传递给监测模块，通过监测模块根据主加热器额定功率与环境温度以及各个测温点的温度，可得到待测棒体材料的导热系数。本发明的优点为：有效提高隔热结构的隔热效果，减小待测棒体材料径向热损失；提高了棒体材料导热系数的测量精度。

The invention discloses a device for measuring the thermal conductivity of a rod material. By adding a thermal protection heater in the middle of the heat insulation layer at the high-temperature end of the rod material to be tested and controlling the temperature of the thermal protection heater, at the same time, the thermal protection heater is placed at the cooling end of the rod material to be measured. The use of semiconductor refrigeration chips makes the temperature at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested equal to the ambient temperature, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the material to be tested and the heat insulation layer and the heat transfer in the non-measurement direction of the material to be tested. During the measurement process, it can be controlled by control The power of the main heater and the thermal protection heater is adjusted by the silicon power adjustment module, and the temperature value of each temperature measurement point is collected and transmitted to the monitoring module through the temperature measurement module. The temperature of each temperature measuring point can be used to obtain the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested. The invention has the advantages of: effectively improving the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation structure, reducing the radial heat loss of the rod material to be tested; and improving the measurement accuracy of the thermal conductivity of the rod material.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置及测量方法Device and method for measuring thermal conductivity of rod material

技术领域technical field

本发明属于导热系数测量技术领域，具体来说，是一种基于稳态法的棒体材料导热系数测量装置及测量方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal conductivity measurement, and specifically relates to a measurement device and method for thermal conductivity of rod materials based on a steady-state method.

背景技术Background technique

导热系数是描述材料导热性能的重要参数，对工程热设计有重要作用，因此准确地测量导热系数一直是传热领域研究的重要课题。导热系数的测试方法有很多，美国普渡大学热物理性能研究中心(Thermal Physical Research Center of Purdue University)的CINDAS对各种方法做过归纳，根据导热过程的宏观机理可分为稳态法和非稳态法。其中稳态法由于可以得到可靠的结果且计算简单是目前应用广泛的测定方法。稳态法测定的一般过程为：在待测试样一端加热，另一端冷却，同时进行隔热处理，形成近似的一维导热模型来测量材料的导热系数。但当对导热系数较小或测量段长度较长的材料进行导热系数测量时，材料周向隔热是稳态导热系数测试中必须关注的问题，其效果会影响测量精度。Thermal conductivity is an important parameter to describe the thermal conductivity of materials and plays an important role in engineering thermal design. Therefore, accurate measurement of thermal conductivity has always been an important topic in the field of heat transfer. There are many test methods for thermal conductivity. CINDAS of the Thermal Physical Research Center of Purdue University has summarized various methods. According to the macroscopic mechanism of the thermal conduction process, it can be divided into steady state method and non-conductive method. steady state method. Among them, the steady-state method is widely used at present because of its reliable results and simple calculation. The general process of the steady-state method is: heating one end of the sample to be tested, cooling the other end, and performing heat insulation treatment at the same time to form an approximate one-dimensional thermal conductivity model to measure the thermal conductivity of the material. However, when measuring the thermal conductivity of a material with a small thermal conductivity or a long measurement section, the circumferential insulation of the material must be paid attention to in the steady-state thermal conductivity test, and its effect will affect the measurement accuracy.

通常采用比较法测量试验中通过待测材料的热流量，即将已知导热系数的标准试样和待测试样串连在一起，使得通过标准试样的热流密度与待测试样相同，再通过测定等温面间的温差和相关的几何尺寸得到材料的导热系数。这种方法中，隔热方法通常采用真空防辐射隔热和保温材料隔热两种，真空隔热结构较复杂，成本较高；保温材料隔热由于材料绝热性能有限，材料本身也有吸热，在被测材料冷热两端温差较大时隔热效果很差，可能会导致测试结果不正确；且目前采用的比较法测量试验中，不易安排和匹配热保护加热器，使得隔热结构的隔热效果不佳，增大了热损失，降低了测试精度。Usually, the comparative method is used to measure the heat flow through the material to be tested in the test, that is, the standard sample with known thermal conductivity and the sample to be tested are connected in series, so that the heat flux through the standard sample is the same as that of the sample to be tested, and then The thermal conductivity of the material is obtained by measuring the temperature difference between the isothermal surfaces and the related geometric dimensions. In this method, the heat insulation method usually adopts two kinds of vacuum radiation protection heat insulation and heat insulation material heat insulation. The vacuum heat insulation structure is more complicated and the cost is higher; the heat insulation material heat insulation has limited heat insulation performance, and the material itself also absorbs heat. When the temperature difference between the cold and hot ends of the tested material is large, the heat insulation effect is very poor, which may lead to incorrect test results; and in the current comparison method measurement test, it is not easy to arrange and match the thermal protection heater, making the heat insulation structure The heat insulation effect is not good, which increases the heat loss and reduces the test accuracy.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决上述问题，本发明提出一种用来测量棒体材料导热系数的测量装置及测量方法，通过在传统的稳态法导热系数测试装置中加入热保护加热器以及主动热控部分，从而提高隔热结构的隔热效果，减小热损失，提高测试精度。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a measuring device and measuring method for measuring the thermal conductivity of rod materials. By adding a thermal protection heater and an active thermal control part to the traditional steady-state method thermal conductivity testing device, thereby improving The heat insulation effect of the heat insulation structure reduces heat loss and improves test accuracy.

本发明一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，包括装置部分与监测控制部分；装置部分用来安装待测棒体材料，通过监控部分实现待测棒体材料导热系数的测量。The invention relates to a device for measuring the thermal conductivity of a rod material, comprising a device part and a monitoring control part; the device part is used to install the rod material to be tested, and the monitoring part realizes the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested.

其中，装置部分包括隔热结构、安装平台、主加热器、热保护组件、散热器与制冷器；在安装平台上设置有顶部封闭的筒状隔热结构；隔热结构底端面与安装平台贴合，使隔热结构内部形成密封的用来放置待测棒体材料与标准试样的空腔；隔热结构内部顶面上固定安装有主加热器，主加热器用来对待测棒体材料高温端加热；主加热器的加热面上安装有加热垫片，用来将主加热器产生的热量在加热垫片底面形成均一的温度，使待测棒体材料上部体积内热流均匀；制冷器固定安装在安装平台上，制冷器与隔热结构内部顶面相对，制冷器通过安装在安装平台底面上的散热片进行散热。Among them, the device part includes a heat insulation structure, an installation platform, a main heater, a thermal protection component, a radiator and a refrigerator; a cylindrical heat insulation structure with a closed top is arranged on the installation platform; The heat insulation structure forms a sealed cavity for placing the rod material to be tested and the standard sample; the main heater is fixedly installed on the top surface of the heat insulation structure, and the main heater is used for the high temperature of the rod material to be tested. End heating; heating pads are installed on the heating surface of the main heater to form a uniform temperature on the bottom surface of the heating pads with the heat generated by the main heater, so that the heat flow in the upper volume of the rod material to be tested is uniform; the refrigerator is fixed Installed on the installation platform, the refrigerator is opposite to the inner top surface of the heat insulation structure, and the refrigerator dissipates heat through the cooling fins installed on the bottom surface of the installation platform.

所述热保护组件包括辅加热器和热保护垫片；热保护垫片为筒状结构，设置在隔热结构内部周向上，热保护垫片顶端面与待测棒体材料高温端的测温点所在水平平面共面，底端面与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点所在水平平面共面；所述待测棒体材料高温端的测温点与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点均选取在待测棒体材料外壁周向上；热保护垫片外壁上安装有辅加热器。The thermal protection assembly includes an auxiliary heater and a thermal protection gasket; the thermal protection gasket is a cylindrical structure, which is arranged on the inner circumferential direction of the heat insulation structure, and the temperature measurement point between the top surface of the thermal protection gasket and the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested The horizontal plane is coplanar, and the bottom end surface is coplanar with the horizontal plane where the temperature measuring point of the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested is located; In the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the rod material to be tested; an auxiliary heater is installed on the outer wall of the thermal protection gasket.

所述监控部分包括控制模块、可控硅调功模块、温度采集模块、监测模块与控制。其中，控制模块用来向可控硅调功模块发送主加热器与辅加热器的功率控制信号，从而控制可控硅调功模块调节主加热器与辅加热器的输出功率；所述温度采集模块实时采集待测棒体材料与标准试样上的各测温点的温度数据，并通发送给监测模块；监控模块用来对接收的温度数据进行显示、保存，且根据测量装置整体达到热平衡时接收到的各个测温点的温度数据，以及在监测模块中输入的环境温度与主加热器额定功率得出待测棒体材料的导热系数。The monitoring part includes a control module, a thyristor power adjustment module, a temperature acquisition module, a monitoring module and a control module. Wherein, the control module is used to send the power control signal of the main heater and the auxiliary heater to the thyristor power adjustment module, thereby controlling the thyristor power adjustment module to adjust the output power of the main heater and the auxiliary heater; the temperature acquisition The module collects the temperature data of each temperature measurement point on the rod material to be tested and the standard sample in real time, and sends it to the monitoring module; the monitoring module is used to display and save the received temperature data, and achieve thermal balance according to the overall measurement device The temperature data of each temperature measurement point received at the time, as well as the ambient temperature input in the monitoring module and the rated power of the main heater are used to obtain the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested.

基于上述导热系数测量装置的测量方法，其特征在于：通过下述步骤来完成：Based on the measurement method of above-mentioned thermal conductivity measuring device, it is characterized in that: complete through the following steps:

步骤1：设置待测棒状材料与标准试样；Step 1: Set the rod-shaped material to be tested and the standard sample;

将待测棒状材料放置在隔热结构内部，将一个导热系数已知且与待测棒体材料横截面均相同的标准试样置于待测棒体材料下部；标准试样的长度可以与待测棒体材料长度相同，且标准试样的导热系数与待测棒体材料的导热系数间相差1个数量级范围内；待测棒体材料高温端紧贴加热垫片，低温端与标准试样高温端贴合，标准试样低温端与安装平台上的制冷器贴合；将隔热结构底端与安装平台固定。Place the rod material to be tested inside the heat insulation structure, and place a standard sample with known thermal conductivity and the same cross-section as the rod material to be tested under the rod material to be tested; the length of the standard sample can be the same as that of the rod material to be tested. The length of the test rod material is the same, and the thermal conductivity of the standard sample and the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested are within an order of magnitude; The high temperature end is attached, and the low temperature end of the standard sample is attached to the refrigerator on the installation platform; the bottom of the heat insulation structure is fixed to the installation platform.

步骤2：装置部分与监控部分的连接；Step 2: the connection between the device part and the monitoring part;

在待测棒体材料高温端处选取一个测温点a，在待测棒体材料低温端处选取一个测温点b，同样在标准试样高温端外壁上选取一个测温点c，在标准试样低温端处外壁上选取一个测温点d，测温点a、测温点b、测温点c与测温点d通过导线穿过隔热结构上的走线孔与监控部分中的温度采集模块相连；并且通过导线穿过隔热结构上的走线孔将主加热器与辅加热器以及监控部分中的可控硅调功模块相连。Select a temperature measurement point a at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested, select a temperature measurement point b at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested, and select a temperature measurement point c on the outer wall of the high temperature end of the standard sample, and select a temperature measurement point c at the standard sample high temperature end. Select a temperature measurement point d on the outer wall at the low temperature end of the sample, temperature measurement point a, temperature measurement point b, temperature measurement point c and temperature measurement point d pass through the wire hole on the heat insulation structure and the monitoring part. The temperature acquisition module is connected; and the main heater is connected with the auxiliary heater and the thyristor power regulating module in the monitoring part through the wiring hole on the heat insulation structure.

步骤3：加热待测棒体材料；Step 3: heating the rod material to be tested;

当待测棒体材料的导热系数估计值为已知时，通过控制模块向可控硅调功模块发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块将主加热器的功率调节为最大值，直至待测棒体材料高温端处的测温点a的温度值达到估计值，通过控制模块向可控硅调功模块发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块将主加热器的功率调节为额定功率，直至测温点a的温度不变；当待测棒体材料的导热系数估计值为未知时，则通过控制模块向可控硅调功模块发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块将主加热器的功率调节为额定功率，直至测温点a的温度不变；When the estimated value of the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested is known, the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power regulating module through the control module, and the thyristor power regulating module is controlled to adjust the power of the main heater to the maximum value until The temperature value of the temperature measuring point a at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested reaches the estimated value, and the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power regulating module through the control module to control the thyristor power regulating module to adjust the power of the main heater to Rated power until the temperature of the temperature measurement point a remains unchanged; when the estimated value of the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested is unknown, the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power adjustment module through the control module to control the power adjustment of the thyristor The module adjusts the power of the main heater to the rated power until the temperature of the temperature measurement point a remains unchanged;

上述过程中，通过控制模块控制可控硅调功模块实时调整辅加热器的功率，始终控制热保护垫片的温度值保持在测温点a处温度与测温点b处温度的平均值。In the above process, the control module controls the thyristor power adjustment module to adjust the power of the auxiliary heater in real time, and always controls the temperature value of the thermal protection pad to maintain the average value of the temperature at temperature measurement point a and the temperature at temperature measurement point b.

步骤4：待测棒体材料的导热系数测量；Step 4: Measure the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested;

在监测模块中输入主加热器的额定功率与环境温度，并且通过监测模块在测温点a的温度不变时接收到的测温点a、测温点b、测温点c与测温点d的温度，得到待测棒体材料的导热系数λ_b为：Input the rated power and ambient temperature of the main heater in the monitoring module, and through the temperature measuring point a, temperature measuring point b, temperature measuring point c and temperature measuring point received by the monitoring module when the temperature of the temperature measuring point a is constant d, the thermal conductivity λ_b of the rod material to be tested is obtained as:

${\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>s</span>the\; s</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>c</span>c</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}}\frac{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Delta;</span>\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>ab</span>ab</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Delta;</span>\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>cd</span>cd</span>}}}$

式中，λ_s为标准试样的导热系数；t_a、t_b、t_c、t_d分别为测温点a、b、c、d处的温度，Δx_ab为测温点a、b间距离，Δx_cd为测温点c、d间距离。In the formula, λ_s is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the standard sample; t_a , t_b , t_c , and t_d are the temperatures at the temperature measurement points a, b, c, and d respectively, and Δx_ab is the temperature between the temperature measurement points a and b. Distance, Δx_cd is the distance between temperature measuring points c and d.

本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:

1、本发明测量装置通过热保护加热器，有效提高隔热结构的隔热效果，减小待测棒体材料径向热损失；1. The measuring device of the present invention effectively improves the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation structure and reduces the radial heat loss of the rod material to be measured through the heat protection heater;

2、本发明测量方法通过热保护加热器以及主动热控，提高了棒体材料导热系数的测量精度，扩大了测量装置的测量范围；2. The measurement method of the present invention improves the measurement accuracy of the thermal conductivity of the rod material and expands the measurement range of the measurement device through the thermal protection heater and active thermal control;

3、本发明测量装置成本低，操作方便简单。3. The measuring device of the present invention has low cost and is convenient and simple to operate.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明测量装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measuring device of the present invention;

图2为本发明测温装置中隔热结构结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the heat insulation structure in the temperature measuring device of the present invention;

图3是本发明测量方法流程图。Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the measurement method of the present invention.

图中：In the picture:

1-装置部分      2-监控部分            3-装待测棒体材料    4-标准试样1-Device part 2-Monitoring part 3-Standard rod material to be tested 4-Standard sample

101-隔热结构    102-安装平台          103-主加热器        104-热保护组件101-Heat insulation structure 102-Installation platform 103-Main heater 104-Thermal protection components

105-散热片      106-制冷器            107-加热垫片        1011-内隔热层105-Heat sink 106-Refrigerator 107-Heating gasket 1011-Inner heat insulation layer

1012-外隔热层   1013-隔热上盖         1041-辅加热器       1042-热保护垫片1012-Outer heat insulation layer 1013-Heat insulation upper cover 1041-Auxiliary heater 1042-Heat protection gasket

201-控制模块    202-可控硅调功模块    203-温度采集模块    204-监测模块201-Control module 202-SCR power adjustment module 203-Temperature acquisition module 204-Monitoring module

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

本发明为一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，如图1所示，包括装置部分1与监测控制2部分，装置部分1用来安装待测棒体材料3，通过监控部分2实现待测棒体材料3导热系数的测量。The present invention is a device for measuring the thermal conductivity of a rod material, as shown in Figure 1, comprising a device part 1 and amonitoring control part 2, the device part 1 is used to install therod material 3 to be tested, and the rod to be tested is realized through themonitoring part 2 Measurement of thermal conductivity ofbulk materials 3 .

其中，装置部分1包括隔热结构101、安装平台102、主加热器103、热保护组件104、散热器105、制冷器106，如图1所示，在安装平台102上设置有顶部封闭的筒状隔热结构101，隔热结构101采用尼龙材料，由此既可保证隔热效果，又具有一定的结构强度，且为测量装置节省了成本。隔热结构101底端面与安装平台102贴合，可使隔热结构101内部形成密封的用来放置待测棒体材料3与标准试样4的空腔。隔热结构101内部顶面上固定安装有主加热器103，主加热器103用来对待测棒体材料高温端(待测棒体材料3顶端)加热。由于主加热器103的形状很难做成与待测棒体材料3横截面相同，且很难使主加热器103的加热面各点温度相同，因此本发明中在主加热器103的加热面(主加热器底面)上安装有铜质加热垫片107，铜质加热垫片107具有良好的导热性，可将主加热器103产生的热量在加热垫片107底面形成均一的温度，使待测棒体材料3上部体积内热流均匀，形成一维的导热。隔热结构101上开有走线用的走线孔。Wherein, the device part 1 includes athermal insulation structure 101, aninstallation platform 102, amain heater 103, athermal protection assembly 104, aradiator 105, and arefrigerator 106. As shown in FIG. Shapedheat insulation structure 101, theheat insulation structure 101 is made of nylon material, which can not only ensure the heat insulation effect, but also have a certain structural strength, and save the cost for the measuring device. The bottom end surface of theheat insulation structure 101 is attached to theinstallation platform 102 , so that a sealed cavity for placing therod material 3 to be tested and the standard sample 4 can be formed inside theheat insulation structure 101 . Amain heater 103 is fixedly installed on the inner top surface of theheat insulation structure 101, and themain heater 103 is used for heating the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested (the top of therod material 3 to be tested). Since the shape of themain heater 103 is difficult to make the same as the cross-section of therod material 3 to be tested, and it is difficult to make the temperature of each point on the heating surface of themain heater 103 the same, so in the present invention, the heating surface of themain heater 103Copper heating pad 107 is installed on (main heater bottom surface), andcopper heating pad 107 has good thermal conductivity, and the heat thatmain heater 103 produces can form uniform temperature onheating pad 107 bottom surfaces, makes waiting The heat flow in the upper volume of the measuringrod body material 3 is uniform, forming one-dimensional heat conduction. Theheat insulation structure 101 is provided with wiring holes for wiring.

由于在棒体材料导热系数测量时，待测棒体材料3的温度由待测棒体材料高温端到待测棒体材料低温端(待测棒体材料3低端)逐渐降低，通常待测棒体材料高温端的温度会高于待测棒体材料低温端很多，在隔热结构101相同的情况下，待测棒体材料3不同轴向位置上的径向热损失不同，待测棒体材料高温端由于与环境温度间的温差最大，热损失也最大，如散热量计算不准，会直接影响导热系数的测量值。因此本发明中通过热保护组件104和制冷器106的加入，减小待测棒体材料3与隔热结构101之间的温差，从而减小待测棒体材料3径向散热损失，提高测量精度。Since the temperature of therod material 3 to be tested decreases gradually from the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested to the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested (the low end of therod material 3 to be tested) during the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the rod material, usually the The temperature at the high temperature end of the rod material will be much higher than that at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested. In the case of the sameheat insulation structure 101, the radial heat loss at different axial positions of therod material 3 to be tested is different. Due to the largest temperature difference between the high-temperature end of the material and the ambient temperature, the heat loss is also the largest. If the heat dissipation calculation is not accurate, it will directly affect the measured value of the thermal conductivity. Therefore, in the present invention, by adding thethermal protection assembly 104 and therefrigerator 106, the temperature difference between therod material 3 to be tested and theheat insulation structure 101 is reduced, thereby reducing the radial heat dissipation loss of therod material 3 to be tested and improving the measurement efficiency. precision.

所述制冷器106固定安装在安装平台102上，制冷器106与隔热结构101内部顶面相对，用来对待测棒体材料低温端进行制冷降温，使待测棒体材料低温端的温度与环境温度相同，由此使待测棒体材料3下部与隔热结构101之间的温差较小。通过调节制冷器106的制冷温度使待测棒体材料低温端的温度维持在环境温度，保证低温端温度恒定，提高测量精度。制冷器106通过安装在安装平台102底面上的散热片105进行散热。本发明中制冷器106采用半导体制冷片，半导体制冷片可以得到低于环境的温度，且体积小、使用方便，在工程中已经有了非常广泛的应用。本发明中由于主加热器103产生并通过待测棒体材料3、标准式样4的热量和制冷器106产生的热量最终都要通过散热片105散失到环境中，因此主加热器103的功率和散热片105的散热效果就决定了散热片105的温度(即制冷器106热端的温度)，而制冷器106冷热端的温差决定了制冷器106所需的功率。Therefrigerator 106 is fixedly installed on theinstallation platform 102, and therefrigerator 106 is opposite to the inner top surface of theheat insulation structure 101, and is used for cooling and cooling the low-temperature end of the rod material to be tested, so that the temperature of the low-temperature end of the rod material to be tested is consistent with the environment. The temperature is the same, thereby making the temperature difference between the lower part of therod material 3 to be tested and theheat insulation structure 101 smaller. By adjusting the refrigeration temperature of therefrigerator 106, the temperature of the low-temperature end of the rod material to be tested is maintained at the ambient temperature, so as to ensure a constant temperature of the low-temperature end and improve measurement accuracy. Therefrigerator 106 dissipates heat through the coolingfins 105 installed on the bottom surface of theinstallation platform 102 . In the present invention, therefrigerator 106 adopts a semiconductor refrigeration chip, which can obtain a temperature lower than the environment, and is small in size and easy to use, and has been widely used in engineering. In the present invention, because themain heater 103 produces and passes through the heat of therod material 3 to be tested, the standard style 4 and the heat generated by therefrigerator 106, it will eventually be lost to the environment through theheat sink 105, so the power of themain heater 103 and The heat dissipation effect of theheat sink 105 determines the temperature of the heat sink 105 (ie the temperature of the hot end of the refrigerator 106 ), and the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of therefrigerator 106 determines the required power of therefrigerator 106 .

为了使待测棒体材料3与标准试样4与空气的对流换热作用很小，需使隔热结构101内部待测棒体材料3、标准试样4与隔热结构101间不存在明显间隙，由此本发明中隔热结构101内径与待测棒体材料3与标准试样4的内径相等，并且将主加热器103嵌入到隔热结构101内部顶面中，使主加热器103底面与隔热结构101内部顶面齐平；制冷器106嵌入到安装平台102内部，使制冷器106顶面与安装平台102顶面齐平；加热垫片107设计为与隔热结构101内部横截面形状相同。为了使待测棒体材料3与标准试样4间具有良好的接触，保证测量过程中系统的热通路正常，因此在主加热器103与待测棒体材料3、待测棒体材料3与标准试样4、标准试样4与制冷器106之间的接触面上涂抹导热硅脂。In order to make the convective heat transfer between therod material 3 to be tested and the standard sample 4 and the air very small, it is necessary to ensure that there is no obvious gap between therod material 3 to be tested, the standard sample 4 and theheat insulation structure 101 inside theheat insulation structure 101. Gap, thus in the present invention, the inner diameter of theheat insulation structure 101 is equal to the inner diameter of therod material 3 to be tested and the standard sample 4, and themain heater 103 is embedded in the inner top surface of theheat insulation structure 101, so that themain heater 103 The bottom surface is flush with the inner top surface of theheat insulation structure 101; therefrigerator 106 is embedded inside theinstallation platform 102, so that the top surface of therefrigerator 106 is flush with the top surface of theinstallation platform 102; The cross-sectional shape is the same. In order to make good contact between therod material 3 to be tested and the standard sample 4, and to ensure that the thermal path of the system is normal during the measurement process, themain heater 103 and therod material 3 to be tested, therod material 3 to be tested and the The standard sample 4, the contact surface between the standard sample 4 and therefrigerator 106 is coated with thermal conductive silicone grease.

所述热保护组件104包括辅加热器1041和热保护垫片1042。热保护垫片1042为筒状结构，设置在隔热结构101内部周向上，热保护垫片1042顶端面与待测棒体材料高温端的测温点所在水平平面共面，底端面与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点所在水平平面共面；所述待测棒体材料高温端的测温点与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点均选取在待测棒体材料3外壁周向上；其中，待测棒体材料高温端的测温点所在水平平面与待测棒体材料3顶端面垂直距离为10mm～0.5L，L为待测材料棒体3的长度，待测棒体材料低温端的测温点所在水平平面与待测棒体材料3底端面垂直距离为5mm～0.5L，由此使待测棒体材料高温端的测温点与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点可避开待测棒体材料3上温度热流不均匀的体积。热保护垫片1042外壁周向上均布有至少2个辅加热器1041，辅加热器1041用来加热热保护垫片1042，提高热保护垫片1042的温度，通过辅加热器1041产生的热量在热保护垫片1042内壁形成均一的温度，从而提高热保护垫片1042顶端与低端所在平面间的隔热结构101的温度，使得待测棒体材料3与隔热结构101之间的温差较小，由此减小热损失，提高测量精度。待测棒体材料3的导热系数越大，热流不均匀段的长度越短。热保护垫片1042与待测棒体材料3侧壁间隔热结构101的厚度为15mm～25mm，从而防止辅加热器1041对待测棒体材料高温端与低温端的测温点所在水平平面间的待测棒体材料3增加额外的热量输入，影响测量结果。Thethermal protection component 104 includes anauxiliary heater 1041 and athermal protection gasket 1042 . Theheat protection gasket 1042 is a cylindrical structure, and is arranged on the inner circumferential direction of theheat insulation structure 101. The top surface of theheat protection gasket 1042 is coplanar with the horizontal plane where the temperature measurement point of the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested is located, and the bottom surface is coplanar with the temperature measurement point of the rod to be tested. The temperature measuring point at the low temperature end of the body material is coplanar in the horizontal plane; the temperature measuring point at the high temperature end of the rod material to be measured and the temperature measuring point at the low temperature end of the rod material to be measured are all selected in the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the rod material to be measured 3; wherein , the vertical distance between the horizontal plane where the temperature measuring point at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested and the top surface of therod material 3 to be tested is 10 mm to 0.5 L, where L is the length of therod 3 of the material to be tested, and the measurement point at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested The vertical distance between the horizontal plane where the temperature point is located and the bottom end surface of therod material 3 to be tested is 5 mm to 0.5 L, so that the temperature measurement point at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested and the temperature measurement point at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested can be avoided. The volume of non-uniform temperature and heat flow on therod body material 3. At least twoauxiliary heaters 1041 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of thethermal protection pad 1042. Theauxiliary heaters 1041 are used to heat thethermal protection pad 1042 to increase the temperature of thethermal protection pad 1042. The heat generated by theauxiliary heater 1041 is The inner wall of theheat protection gasket 1042 forms a uniform temperature, thereby increasing the temperature of theheat insulation structure 101 between the top and the bottom plane of theheat protection gasket 1042, so that the temperature difference between therod material 3 to be tested and theheat insulation structure 101 is relatively small. Small, thereby reducing heat loss and improving measurement accuracy. The greater the thermal conductivity of therod material 3 to be tested, the shorter the length of the non-uniform heat flow section. Thethermal protection spacer 1042 and thethermal insulation structure 101 on the side wall of therod material 3 to be tested have a thickness of 15 mm to 25 mm, so as to prevent theauxiliary heater 1041 from standing between the horizontal planes where the temperature measuring points of the high temperature end and the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested are located. The material of theprobe body 3 increases the additional heat input and affects the measurement results.

为了便于热保护组件104加工和安装，如图2所示，本发明中隔热结构101分为内隔热层1011、外隔热层1012和隔热上盖1013，内隔热层1011为筒状结构，外部安装热保护组件104，即将热保护垫片1042套接在内隔热层1011外壁周向上。外隔热层1012同样为筒状结构，外隔热层1012的内径与内隔热层1011的外径相等，通过将外隔热层1012套接在内隔热层1011外部，从而将热保护组件104在内隔热层1011与外隔热层1012间定位。所述内隔热层1011与外隔热层1012高度相等，通过隔热上盖1013将内隔热层1011顶端与外隔热层1012顶端固定，实现内隔热层1011与外隔热层1012间的定位，由此实现了热保护组件104位于隔热结构101内部周向上的位置关系。In order to facilitate the processing and installation of theheat protection component 104, as shown in Figure 2, theheat insulation structure 101 in the present invention is divided into an innerheat insulation layer 1011, an outerheat insulation layer 1012 and a heat insulationupper cover 1013, and the innerheat insulation layer 1011 is a cylinder Shaped structure, thethermal protection component 104 is installed on the outside, that is, thethermal protection gasket 1042 is sleeved on the outer wall of the innerheat insulation layer 1011 on the circumferential direction. The outerheat insulation layer 1012 is also a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the outerheat insulation layer 1012 is equal to the outer diameter of the innerheat insulation layer 1011.Assembly 104 is positioned betweeninner insulation layer 1011 andouter insulation layer 1012 . The innerheat insulation layer 1011 is equal to the height of the outerheat insulation layer 1012, and the top of the innerheat insulation layer 1011 and the top of the outerheat insulation layer 1012 are fixed by the heat insulationupper cover 1013 to realize the innerheat insulation layer 1011 and the outerheat insulation layer 1012. The positional relationship between thethermal protection components 104 and the inner circumferential direction of theheat insulation structure 101 is realized.

由于在导热系数测量过程中，辅加热器1041和主加热器103的功率需经常调整，因此为简化测量过程，本发明中通过监控部分2，实时监测待测棒体材料3、标准式样4以及辅加热器1041上的测温点的温度，并调整主加热器103与辅加热器1041的功率，以保证测量过程中所需要的温度值，最终使待测棒体材料3的温度尽快达到设定值，缩短测量装置整体达到热平衡状态的时间，并且根据测得的温度数据，最终得出待测棒体材料3的导热系数。Since the power of theauxiliary heater 1041 and themain heater 103 needs to be adjusted frequently during the thermal conductivity measurement process, in order to simplify the measurement process, themonitoring part 2 is used in the present invention to monitor therod material 3 to be tested, the standard style 4 and The temperature of the temperature measuring point on theauxiliary heater 1041, and adjust the power of themain heater 103 and theauxiliary heater 1041, to ensure the required temperature value in the measurement process, and finally make the temperature of therod material 3 to be measured reach the set point as soon as possible. The fixed value shortens the time for the measuring device to reach the thermal equilibrium state as a whole, and finally obtains the thermal conductivity of therod material 3 to be tested according to the measured temperature data.

所述监控部分2包括控制模块201、可控硅调功模块202、温度采集模块203、监测模块204。其中，控制模块201用来向可控硅调功模块202发送主加热器103与辅加热器1041的功率控制信号，从而控制可控硅调功模202块调节主加热器103与辅加热器1041的输出功率。所述温度采集模块203通过导线穿过隔热结构101上开有的走线孔与待测棒体材料3、标准式样4上的测温点连接，通过温度采集模块203实时采集待测棒体材料3与标准试样4上的各测温点的温度数据，并通过串口发送给监测模块204。监测模块204用来对接收的温度数据进行显示、保存，且根据测量装置整体达到热平衡时接收到的各个测温点的温度数据，以及在监测模块204中输入的环境温度与主加热器103额定功率得出待测棒体材料3的导热系数。Themonitoring part 2 includes acontrol module 201 , a thyristorpower regulation module 202 , atemperature acquisition module 203 and a monitoring module 204 . Among them, thecontrol module 201 is used to send the power control signal of themain heater 103 and theauxiliary heater 1041 to the thyristorpower adjustment module 202, thereby controlling the thyristorpower adjustment module 202 to adjust themain heater 103 and theauxiliary heater 1041 output power. Thetemperature acquisition module 203 is connected to the temperature measuring point on therod material 3 and the standard style 4 through the wiring hole provided on theheat insulation structure 101 through a wire, and the rod body to be tested is collected in real time by thetemperature acquisition module 203 The temperature data of each temperature measuring point on thematerial 3 and the standard sample 4 are sent to the monitoring module 204 through the serial port. The monitoring module 204 is used to display and save the received temperature data, and according to the temperature data of each temperature measurement point received when the measuring device as a whole reaches thermal balance, and the ambient temperature input in the monitoring module 204 and the rated temperature of themain heater 103 The power yields the thermal conductivity of therod material 3 to be tested.

基于上述导热系数测量装置的测量方法，如图3所示，通过下述步骤来完成：Based on the measurement method of the above-mentioned thermal conductivity measuring device, as shown in Figure 3, it is completed through the following steps:

步骤1：设置待测棒状材料3与标准试样4；Step 1: setting the rod-shapedmaterial 3 to be tested and the standard sample 4;

将待测棒状材料3放置在隔热结构101内部，同时为了得到通过待测棒体材料3的热流量，将一个与待测棒体材料3横截面均相同的标准试样4置于待测棒体材料3下部，使标准试样4与待测棒体材料3通过相同的热流量。所述且标准试样4的导热系数与待测棒体材料3的导热系数间相差1个数量级范围内；且随温度的变化较小，对于导热系数不高的材料，标准试样4通常选取在0-100℃范围内导热系数比较稳定的不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti。标准试样4的长度可以与待测棒体材料3长度相同。待测棒体材料高温端紧贴加热垫片107，其低温端与标准试样高温端(标准试样4顶端)贴合，标准试样低温端(标准试样4底端)与安装平台102上的制冷器106贴合。将隔热结构101底端与安装平台102固定。Place the rod-shapedmaterial 3 to be tested inside theheat insulation structure 101, and at the same time, in order to obtain the heat flow through therod material 3 to be tested, place a standard sample 4 with the same cross-section as therod material 3 to be tested. The lower part of therod material 3 allows the standard sample 4 and therod material 3 to be tested to pass through the same heat flux. The difference between the thermal conductivity of the standard sample 4 and the thermal conductivity of therod material 3 to be tested is within an order of magnitude; and the change with temperature is small. For materials with low thermal conductivity, the standard sample 4 is usually selected Stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti with relatively stable thermal conductivity in the range of 0-100 °C. The length of the standard sample 4 may be the same as that of therod material 3 to be tested. The high temperature end of the rod material to be tested is close to theheating pad 107, the low temperature end is attached to the high temperature end of the standard sample (top of standard sample 4), and the low temperature end of the standard sample (bottom of standard sample 4) is connected to theinstallation platform 102 Therefrigerator 106 on it fits. Fix the bottom end of theheat insulation structure 101 to theinstallation platform 102 .

步骤2：装置部分1与监控部分2的连接；Step 2: connection of device part 1 andmonitoring part 2;

在待测棒体材料高温端处选取一个测温点a，在待测棒体材料低温端处选取一个测温点b，同样在标准试样高温端外壁上选取一个测温点c，在标准试样低温端处外壁上选取一个测温点d，测温点a、测温点b、测温点c与测温点d通过导线穿过隔热结构101上的走线孔与监控部分2中的温度采集模块203相连。并且通过导线穿过隔热结构101上的走线孔将主加热器103与辅加热器1041与监控部分2中的可控硅调功模块202相连。Select a temperature measurement point a at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested, select a temperature measurement point b at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested, and select a temperature measurement point c on the outer wall of the high temperature end of the standard sample, and select a temperature measurement point c at the standard sample high temperature end. Select a temperature measurement point d on the outer wall at the low temperature end of the sample, temperature measurement point a, temperature measurement point b, temperature measurement point c and temperature measurement point d pass through the wire hole on theheat insulation structure 101 and themonitoring part 2 Thetemperature acquisition module 203 in the system is connected. And themain heater 103 and theauxiliary heater 1041 are connected to the thyristorpower regulating module 202 in themonitoring part 2 through wires passing through the wiring holes on theheat insulation structure 101 .

步骤3：待测棒体材料3的热控；Step 3: thermal control of therod material 3 to be tested;

当待测棒体材料3的导热系数估计值(通常取理论计算值或与待测棒体材料3同类材料的导热系数平均值)为已知时，通过控制模块201向可控硅调功模块202发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块202将主加热器103的功率调节为最大值，直至待测棒体材料高温端处的测温点a的温度值达到估计值(即通过待测棒体材料3导热系数的估计值、主加热器103额定功率和环境温度值计算得出)，再通过控制模块201向可控硅调功模块202发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块202将主加热器103的功率调节为额定功率，直至测温点a的温度不变；上述过程中，通过控制模块201控制可控硅调功模块202实时调整辅加热器1041的功率，始终控制热保护垫片1042的温度值保持在测温点a处温度与测温点b处温度的平均值。When the estimated value of the thermal conductivity of the rod material 3 to be measured (usually the theoretically calculated value or the average value of the thermal conductivity of the same material as the rod material 3 to be measured) is known, the control module 201 is used to adjust the power of the silicon controlled rectifier module 202 sends a power control signal to control the thyristor power adjustment module 202 to adjust the power of the main heater 103 to the maximum value until the temperature value of the temperature measurement point a at the high temperature end of the rod material to be measured reaches the estimated value (that is, through the The estimated value of the thermal conductivity of the measuring rod material 3, the main heater 103 rated power and the ambient temperature value are calculated), and then the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power adjustment module 202 through the control module 201 to control the power adjustment of the thyristor The module 202 adjusts the power of the main heater 103 to the rated power until the temperature of the temperature measurement point a remains unchanged; in the above process, the control module 201 controls the thyristor power adjustment module 202 to adjust the power of the auxiliary heater 1041 in real time, always Control the temperature value of the thermal protection gasket 1042 to keep at the average value of the temperature at the temperature measurement point a and the temperature at the temperature measurement point b.

当待测棒体材料3的导热系数估计值为未知时(即待测棒体材料3为新材料)，则通过控制模块201向可控硅调功模块202发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块202将主加热器103的功率调节为额定功率，直至测温点a的温度不变；上述过程中，同样通过控制模块201控制可控硅调功模块202实时调整辅加热器1041的功率，始终控制热保护垫片1042的温度值保持在测温点a处温度与测温点b处温度的平均值。When the estimated value of the thermal conductivity of therod material 3 to be tested is unknown (that is, therod material 3 to be tested is a new material), thecontrol module 201 sends a power control signal to the thyristorpower adjustment module 202 to control the thyristor Thepower adjustment module 202 adjusts the power of themain heater 103 to the rated power until the temperature of the temperature measurement point a remains unchanged; in the above process, thecontrol module 201 also controls the thyristorpower adjustment module 202 to adjust the power of theauxiliary heater 1041 in real time. Power, always control the temperature value of thethermal protection gasket 1042 to keep the average value of the temperature at the temperature measurement point a and the temperature at the temperature measurement point b.

步骤4：待测棒体材料3的导热系数测量；Step 4: measuring the thermal conductivity of therod material 3 to be tested;

在监测模块204中输入主加热器103的额定功率与环境温度，并且通过在测量装置整体处于热平衡状态时接收到的测温点a、测温点b、测温点c与测温点d的温度，得到待测棒体材料3的导热系数λ_b为：The rated power and ambient temperature of themain heater 103 are input into the monitoring module 204, and the temperature measurement point a, temperature measurement point b, temperature measurement point c, and temperature measurement point d received when the whole measuring device is in a thermal equilibrium state temperature, the thermal conductivity λ_b of therod material 3 to be measured is obtained as:

${\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>s</span>the\; s</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>c</span>c</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}}\frac{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Delta;</span>\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>ab</span>ab</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Delta;</span>\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>cd</span>cd</span>}}}$

式中，λ_s为标准试样4的导热系数；t_a、t_b、t_c、t_d分别为测温点a、b、c、d处的温度，Δx_ab为测温点a、b间距离，Δx_cd为测温点c、d间距离；In the formula, λ_s is the thermal conductivity coefficient of standard sample 4; t_a , t_b , t_c , and t_d are the temperatures at temperature measuring points a, b, c, and d respectively, and Δx_ab is the temperature measuring points a, b Δx_cd is the distance between temperature measuring points c and d;

应用本发明的导热系数测量方法测量不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的导热系数，标准式样4与待测棒体材料3的材料与横截面相同。主加热器103额定功率为5W，制冷器106额定功率为0.63W，环境温度为30℃，待测棒体材料3直径为48mm、长度为65mm，标准式样4直径为48mm、长度为150mm，测温点a、b之间的距离为40mm，测温点c、d之间的距离为60mm。测试开始时，控制模块201将主加热器103的功率设置为最大值，当a点的温度达到62℃时调整主加热器103的功率为额定值(5W)。在整个测试过程中，控制模块201实时调整辅加热器1041的功率，使热保护的温度为a点和b点温度的平均值。系统达到平衡状态后，点a、b、c、d的温度值分别为：62.5℃、56.9℃、46.3℃、37.4℃，热保护的温度为58.3℃，测得的材料的导热系数值为16.87，工程材料使用手册中该牌号不锈钢的导热系数荐值为16.3，测试误差为3.50％。The thermal conductivity measurement method of the present invention is used to measure the thermal conductivity of stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and the material and cross section of the standard pattern 4 and therod material 3 to be tested are the same. The rated power of themain heater 103 is 5W, the rated power of therefrigerator 106 is 0.63W, the ambient temperature is 30°C, therod material 3 to be tested has a diameter of 48mm and a length of 65mm, and the standard pattern 4 has a diameter of 48mm and a length of 150mm. The distance between temperature points a and b is 40mm, and the distance between temperature measurement points c and d is 60mm. When the test starts, thecontrol module 201 sets the power of themain heater 103 to a maximum value, and adjusts the power of themain heater 103 to a rated value (5W) when the temperature at point a reaches 62°C. During the whole test process, thecontrol module 201 adjusts the power of theauxiliary heater 1041 in real time, so that the temperature of the thermal protection is the average value of the temperature at point a and point b. After the system reaches the equilibrium state, the temperature values of points a, b, c, and d are: 62.5°C, 56.9°C, 46.3°C, 37.4°C respectively, the temperature of thermal protection is 58.3°C, and the measured thermal conductivity value of the material is 16.87 , The thermal conductivity of this brand of stainless steel in the Engineering Materials Manual is recommended to be 16.3, and the test error is 3.50%.

热平衡分析如下：监控部分2的总输入热量为10.63W，总输出热量为10.13W。其中，主加热器103额定功率5.00W，辅加热器1041额定功率为5.63W，中间标准试样4冷端流出的热量为4.38W，隔热结构101散失的热量为5.75W。监控部分2总输入与总输出之间存在0.5W的误差，误差在4.7％以内。The heat balance analysis is as follows: the total input heat of themonitoring part 2 is 10.63W, and the total output heat is 10.13W. Among them, the rated power of themain heater 103 is 5.00W, the rated power of theauxiliary heater 1041 is 5.63W, the heat flowing out of the cold end of the intermediate standard sample 4 is 4.38W, and the heat dissipated by theheat insulation structure 101 is 5.75W. There is an error of 0.5W between the total input and the total output of themonitoring part 2, and the error is within 4.7%.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，包括装置部分与监测控制部分；装置部分用来安装待测棒体材料，通过监控部分实现待测棒体材料导热系数的测量；其特征在于：1. A rod material thermal conductivity measuring device, comprising a device part and a monitoring control part; the device part is used to install the rod material to be measured, and realizes the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be measured by the monitoring part; it is characterized in that:装置部分包括隔热结构、安装平台、主加热器、热保护组件、散热器与制冷器；在安装平台上设置有顶部封闭的筒状隔热结构；隔热结构底端面与安装平台贴合，使隔热结构内部形成密封的用来放置待测棒体材料与标准试样的空腔；隔热结构内部顶面上固定安装有主加热器，主加热器用来对待测棒体材料高温端加热；主加热器的加热面上安装有加热垫片，用来将主加热器产生的热量在加热垫片底面形成均一的温度，使待测棒体材料上部体积内热流均匀；制冷器固定安装在安装平台上，制冷器与隔热结构内部顶面相对，制冷器通过安装在安装平台底面上的散热片进行散热；The device part includes a heat insulation structure, an installation platform, a main heater, a thermal protection component, a radiator and a refrigerator; a cylindrical heat insulation structure with a closed top is arranged on the installation platform; the bottom surface of the heat insulation structure is attached to the installation platform, The inside of the heat insulation structure forms a sealed cavity for placing the rod material to be tested and the standard sample; the main heater is fixedly installed on the top surface of the heat insulation structure, and the main heater is used to heat the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested A heating pad is installed on the heating surface of the main heater, which is used to form a uniform temperature on the bottom surface of the heating pad with the heat generated by the main heater, so that the heat flow in the upper volume of the rod material to be tested is uniform; the refrigerator is fixedly installed on the On the installation platform, the refrigerator is opposite to the inner top surface of the heat insulation structure, and the refrigerator dissipates heat through the heat sink installed on the bottom surface of the installation platform;所述热保护组件包括辅加热器和热保护垫片；热保护垫片为筒状结构，设置在隔热结构内部周向上，热保护垫片顶端面与待测棒体材料高温端的测温点所在水平平面共面，底端面与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点所在水平平面共面；所述待测棒体材料高温端的测温点与待测棒体材料低温端的测温点均选取在待测棒体材料外壁周向上；热保护垫片外壁上安装有辅加热器；The thermal protection assembly includes an auxiliary heater and a thermal protection gasket; the thermal protection gasket is a cylindrical structure, which is arranged on the inner circumferential direction of the heat insulation structure, and the temperature measurement point between the top surface of the thermal protection gasket and the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested The horizontal plane is coplanar, and the bottom end surface is coplanar with the horizontal plane where the temperature measuring point of the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested is located; In the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the rod material to be tested; an auxiliary heater is installed on the outer wall of the thermal protection gasket;所述监控部分包括控制模块、可控硅调功模块、温度采集模块、监测模块与控制。其中，控制模块用来向可控硅调功模块发送主加热器与辅加热器的功率控制信号，从而控制可控硅调功模块调节主加热器与辅加热器的输出功率；所述温度采集模块实时采集待测棒体材料与标准试样上的各测温点的温度数据，并通发送给监测模块；监控模块用来对接收的温度数据进行显示、保存，且根据测量装置整体达到热平衡时接收到的各个测温点的温度数据，以及在监测模块中输入的环境温度与主加热器额定功率得出待测棒体材料的导热系数。The monitoring part includes a control module, a thyristor power adjustment module, a temperature acquisition module, a monitoring module and a control module. Wherein, the control module is used to send the power control signal of the main heater and the auxiliary heater to the thyristor power adjustment module, thereby controlling the thyristor power adjustment module to adjust the output power of the main heater and the auxiliary heater; the temperature acquisition The module collects the temperature data of each temperature measurement point on the rod material to be tested and the standard sample in real time, and sends it to the monitoring module; the monitoring module is used to display and save the received temperature data, and achieve thermal balance according to the overall measurement device The temperature data of each temperature measurement point received at the time, as well as the ambient temperature input in the monitoring module and the rated power of the main heater are used to obtain the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested.2.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述隔热结构为尼龙材料。2 . A device for measuring thermal conductivity of rod materials according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal insulation structure is made of nylon.3.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述制冷器为半导体制冷片。3. A device for measuring thermal conductivity of rod materials according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerator is a semiconductor cooling chip.4.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述辅加热器至少为2个，均匀分布在热保护垫片外部周向上。4. A device for measuring thermal conductivity of rod materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: there are at least two auxiliary heaters, which are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the thermal protection gasket.5.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述隔热结构内径与待测棒体材料与标准试样的内径相等，且主加热器嵌入在隔热结构内部顶面中，使主加热器底面与隔热结构内部顶面齐平；制冷器嵌入在安装平台内部，使制冷器顶面与安装平台顶面齐平；加热垫片与隔热结构内部横截面形状相同。5. A device for measuring thermal conductivity of rod materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the heat insulation structure is equal to the inner diameter of the rod material to be tested and the standard sample, and the main heater is embedded in the heat insulation structure. On the top surface inside the structure, make the bottom surface of the main heater flush with the top surface inside the heat insulation structure; the refrigerator is embedded inside the installation platform, so that the top surface of the refrigerator is flush with the top surface of the installation platform; the heating gasket and the inside of the heat insulation structure The cross-sectional shape is the same.6.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述隔热结构与待测棒体材料、标准试样间涂抹有导热硅脂。6 . The device for measuring thermal conductivity of rod materials according to claim 1 , wherein thermal conductive silicone grease is applied between the heat insulation structure, the rod material to be tested and the standard sample. 7 .7.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述待测棒体材料高温端的测温点所在水平平面与待测棒体材料顶端面垂直距离为10mm～0.5L；待测棒体材料低温端的测温点所在水平平面与待测棒体材料底端面垂直距离为5mm～0.5L；L为待测材料棒体的长度。7. A device for measuring the thermal conductivity of a rod material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical distance between the horizontal plane where the temperature measuring point at the high temperature end of the rod material to be measured is located and the top surface of the rod material to be measured is 10 mm to 10 mm. 0.5L; the vertical distance between the horizontal plane where the temperature measuring point at the low-temperature end of the rod material to be tested and the bottom surface of the rod material to be tested is 5mm to 0.5L; L is the length of the rod material to be tested.8.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述热保护垫片与待测棒体材料侧壁间隔热结构的厚度为15mm～25mm。8 . The device for measuring the thermal conductivity of rod materials according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the thermal insulation structure between the thermal protection gasket and the side wall of the rod material to be measured is 15 mm to 25 mm.9.如权利要求1所述一种棒体材料导热系数测量装置，其特征在于：所述隔热结构分为内隔热层、外隔热层和隔热上盖，内隔热层为筒状结构，将热保护垫片套接在内隔热层外壁周向上；外隔热层同样为筒状结构，外隔热层的内径与内隔热层的外径相等，通过将外隔热层套接在内隔热层外部，从而将热保护组件在内隔热层与外隔热层间定位；内隔热层1011与外隔热层高度相等，通过隔热上盖将内隔热层顶端与外隔热层顶端固定，实现内隔热层与外隔热层间的定位。9. A device for measuring thermal conductivity of rod materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat insulation structure is divided into an inner heat insulation layer, an outer heat insulation layer and a heat insulation upper cover, and the inner heat insulation layer is a tube Shaped structure, the thermal protection gasket is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner insulation layer; the outer insulation layer is also a cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the outer insulation layer is equal to the outer diameter of the inner insulation layer, and the outer insulation The layer is sleeved outside the inner heat insulation layer, so that the thermal protection component is positioned between the inner heat insulation layer and the outer heat insulation layer; the height of the inner heat insulation layer 1011 is equal to that of the outer heat insulation layer, and the inner heat insulation The top of the layer is fixed to the top of the outer heat insulation layer to realize the positioning between the inner heat insulation layer and the outer heat insulation layer.10.基于上述导热系数测量装置的测量方法，其特征在于：通过下述步骤来完成：10. based on the measurement method of above-mentioned thermal conductivity measuring device, it is characterized in that: complete by following steps:步骤1：设置待测棒状材料与标准试样；Step 1: Set the rod-shaped material to be tested and the standard sample;将待测棒状材料放置在隔热结构内部，将一个与待测棒体材料横截面均相同的标准试样置于待测棒体材料下部；标准试样的长度可以与待测棒体材料长度相同，且标准试样的导热系数与待测棒体材料的导热系数间相差1个数量级范围内；待测棒体材料高温端紧贴加热垫片，低温端与标准试样高温端贴合，标准试样低温端与安装平台上的制冷器贴合；将隔热结构底端与安装平台固定；Place the rod-shaped material to be tested inside the heat insulation structure, and place a standard sample with the same cross-section as the rod material to be tested under the rod material to be tested; the length of the standard sample can be the same as the length of the rod material to be tested The same, and the difference between the thermal conductivity of the standard sample and the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested is within an order of magnitude; the high-temperature end of the rod material to be tested is close to the heating pad, and the low-temperature end is bonded to the high-temperature end of the standard sample. The low-temperature end of the standard sample is attached to the refrigerator on the installation platform; the bottom of the heat insulation structure is fixed to the installation platform;步骤2：装置部分与监控部分的连接；Step 2: the connection between the device part and the monitoring part;在待测棒体材料高温端处选取一个测温点a，在待测棒体材料低温端处选取一个测温点b，同样在标准试样高温端外壁上选取一个测温点c，在标准试样低温端处外壁上选取一个测温点d，测温点a、测温点b、测温点c与测温点d通过导线穿过隔热结构上的走线孔与监控部分中的温度采集模块相连；并且通过导线穿过隔热结构上的走线孔将主加热器与辅加热器以及监控部分中的可控硅调功模块相连；Select a temperature measurement point a at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested, select a temperature measurement point b at the low temperature end of the rod material to be tested, and select a temperature measurement point c on the outer wall of the high temperature end of the standard sample, and select a temperature measurement point c at the standard sample high temperature end. Select a temperature measurement point d on the outer wall at the low temperature end of the sample, temperature measurement point a, temperature measurement point b, temperature measurement point c and temperature measurement point d pass through the wire hole on the heat insulation structure and the monitoring part. The temperature acquisition module is connected; and the main heater is connected with the auxiliary heater and the thyristor power adjustment module in the monitoring part through the wiring hole on the heat insulation structure;步骤3：加热待测棒体材料；Step 3: heating the rod material to be tested;当待测棒体材料的导热系数估计值为已知时，通过控制模块向可控硅调功模块发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块将主加热器的功率调节为最大值，直至待测棒体材料高温端处的测温点a的温度值达到估计值，通过控制模块向可控硅调功模块发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块将主加热器的功率调节为额定功率，直至测温点a的温度不变；当待测棒体材料的导热系数估计值为未知时，则通过控制模块向可控硅调功模块发送功率控制信号，控制可控硅调功模块将主加热器的功率调节为额定功率，直至测温点a的温度不变；When the estimated value of the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested is known, the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power regulating module through the control module, and the thyristor power regulating module is controlled to adjust the power of the main heater to the maximum value until The temperature value of the temperature measuring point a at the high temperature end of the rod material to be tested reaches the estimated value, and the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power regulating module through the control module to control the thyristor power regulating module to adjust the power of the main heater to Rated power until the temperature of the temperature measurement point a remains unchanged; when the estimated value of the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested is unknown, the power control signal is sent to the thyristor power adjustment module through the control module to control the power adjustment of the thyristor The module adjusts the power of the main heater to the rated power until the temperature of the temperature measurement point a remains unchanged;上述过程中，通过控制模块控制可控硅调功模块实时调整辅加热器的功率，始终控制热保护垫片的温度值保持在测温点a处温度与测温点b处温度的平均值；In the above process, the power of the auxiliary heater is adjusted in real time through the control module to control the thyristor power adjustment module, and the temperature value of the thermal protection gasket is always controlled to maintain the average value of the temperature at the temperature measurement point a and the temperature at the temperature measurement point b;步骤4：待测棒体材料的导热系数测量；Step 4: Measure the thermal conductivity of the rod material to be tested;在监测模块中输入主加热器的额定功率与环境温度，并且通过监测模块在测温点a的温度不变时接收到的测温点a、测温点b、测温点c与测温点d的温度，得到待测棒体材料的导热系数λ_b为：Input the rated power and ambient temperature of the main heater in the monitoring module, and through the temperature measuring point a, temperature measuring point b, temperature measuring point c and temperature measuring point received by the monitoring module when the temperature of the temperature measuring point a is constant d, the thermal conductivity λ_b of the rod material to be tested is obtained as:${\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>\&lambda;</span>\&lambda;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>s</span>the\; s</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>c</span>c</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>t</span>t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>b</span>b</span>}}}\frac{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Delta;</span>\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>ab</span>ab</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Delta;</span>\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>x</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>cd</span>cd</span>}}}$式中，λ_s为标准试样的导热系数；t_a、t_b、t_c、t_d分别为测温点a、b、c、d处的温度，Δx_ab为测温点a、b间距离，Δx_cd为测温点c、d间距离。In the formula, λ_s is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the standard sample; t_a , t_b , t_c , and t_d are the temperatures at the temperature measurement points a, b, c, and d respectively, and Δx_ab is the temperature between the temperature measurement points a and b. Distance, Δx_cd is the distance between temperature measuring points c and d.

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