A kind of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introduction and cultivation method30060011), Tianjin natural science fund (fund number: 09JCYBJC14500), the doctor of Tianjin Normal University fund (fund number: carry out under subsidy 52XB1003) the present invention is at state natural sciences fund (fund number:.
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant protection technology field, relate to a kind of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introduction and cultivation method.
Background technology
Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng F.) has another name called Mongolian Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Mongolian greenleaf piptanthus seed; It is ancient tertiary relics; It also is the only precious evergreen shrubs of China temperate zone desert up to now; Be the peculiar mass-planting thing of building in Alxa desert district, distribution center is in Alxa east, south, Western Ordos Basin, and as the center; Extend into the People's Republic of Mongolia desert band south (Alxa Gobi desert) northwards, be distributed near Lanzhou, China Gansu Province northern (Zhongtiao Shan Mountain) southwards.Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, evergreen shrubs, high 1 to 2 meter.Happiness gritty soil earth, the seed water absorbing force is strong, germinates rapidly.The flowers are in blossom 4, May, and July, fruit was ripe.The deleted species that Desert Area is very precious are classified as state three level protecting plant.Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is listed in first rare and endangered protective plant register by our country, becomes country and lays special stress on protecting plant for three grades.Ammopiptanthus mongolicus has following using value:
1 afforestation: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is sprouted early, and mid or late April gets into the florescence, florescence 1 wheat harvesting period, and fruit formation period, is longer, and its flowering fruit bearing stage is all very beautiful.During flower, the last several colored alternates of celadon branch clump are on the top of branch, and it is golden yellow that corolla is, just like flowering shrubs; When fruit, the branch top-hung in advance the pale green innumerable pod of flavescence gradually then, its tree-like attractive in appearance, attitude is beautiful, the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus of golden flower silver leaf has not only increased infinite charm in summer to the earth, to winter, the still depressed verdant green onion of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, noticeable.Moreover, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is inexpensive, utilizes Ammopiptanthus mongolicus to plant as the roadside in city, the shrub on dwelling house limit, and the cost that coniferous tree spent green for a long time than the four seasons is few; Be convenient to branch-finishing and pruning simultaneously, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
2 germ plasm resources and protection: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the remaining composition of desert fauna in the Tertiary Period, is the endemic species of Alxa Gobi desert desert, and its torrid zone origin theory that exists for middle part, Asia desert fauna has found strong evidence.Its procreation under harsh abominable natural conditions for a long time, evolve, have the characteristic of heat resistanceheat resistant, cold-resistant, drought resisting, anti-blown sand, salt tolerant alkali, impoverishment tolerant, these genes are demanded protection urgently and are utilized.
3 is medicinal: the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus branches and leaves are used as medicine, and have timid rheumatism, relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation, the effect of pain relieving, can control frostbite, also can make insecticide.
4 oil resources: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is a kind of very valuable woody oil sources in NORTHWEST CHINA desert district, and seed oil content is 13.4%, and its linoleic acid content is high, reaches 87.6%.
5 fix the sand: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is good sand-fixation plant, and its anti-sand buries, and germinating power is strong, and is weather-proof, and the acrial part branch is many, and it is strong to hinder husky ability, can form a great sand drift around it.
6. the precious material that is extraordinary plant chemical ingredient (alkaloid and highly active vegetable antifreeze protein) research, extracts and transfer. therefore, realize that the strange land introducing and planting of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus all significant to protection and the development and use of this plant of endangering frequently with moving.
At present; The Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introduction and cultivation method is that test is done nutrition soil with the viscosity orchard soil; Pack in the nutritious bag; Grow seedlings in nutritious bag with wild Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed again, then with artificial Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling together with the nutritious bag directly transplanting in suitable soil, avoided because of the many roots damages of transplanting process the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling.Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the plant that is distributed in Desert Area.Be not both with other people maximum of working, other people are in the Desert Area of covering the newly developed area about the successful example of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introducing and planting, i.e. the neighborhood gone of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus natural distribution, and natural conditions are more approaching.Maximum with us is not introducing and plantings of in the similar environment of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus area natural conditions, accomplishing them.Other people method, the bad control of humidity; Take up room, take resources such as nutritious bag, management cost is high, and survival rate is low.Beijing Forestry University has delivered one piece of paper in addition, the later stage not about bloom, the report of solid and seminal propagation.The inventor has successively studied contents such as " weather and soil permeability are to the influence of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus growth of seedling ", " water regime is to the influence of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling development ", " influence that soil structure grows to Ammopiptanthus mongolicus ", " the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling is to the response of salt stress under the water planting condition ", " salt stress is to the influence of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus growth of seedling and physiological property ", " growth hormone and sodium chloride are to the mitigation of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling under the salt stress ", " salicylic acid is to the influence of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling activities of antioxidant enzymes under the salt stress and PSII Photochemical effects ", and has delivered 7 pieces of serial papers.But to the successful technology of introducing and planting and blossoming and bearing fruit with introducing a fine variety and realizing that result such as breeding does not add report.Some researchs about the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introducing and planting are arranged again, only limit to short-term and cultivate into alively, do not blossom and bear fruit with being implemented in endemic species, and the purpose that can breed.
Summary of the invention
The method of the present invention introducing and planting success in Tianjin for the first time also is the regional introducing and planting success beyond the Desert Area for the first time.One plant species by the successful sign of introducing and planting is: can blossom and bear fruit with introducing a fine variety, and can breed.
The method that patent art adopts water planting to grow seedlings has been carried out artificial introducing and planting to the endangered plants Ammopiptanthus mongolicus; The more existing Ammopiptanthus mongolicus cultivation method of water culture condition is controlled well, saves seedling culture space, saves resource; Seedling percent is high; Fast growth, it is convenient to transplant, can be to reducing to minimum to the damage of seedling.Most importantly: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the plant that is distributed in Desert Area.Be not both with other people maximum of working, other people are in the Desert Area of covering the newly developed area about the successful example of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introducing and planting, i.e. the neighborhood gone of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus natural distribution, and natural conditions are more approaching.Introducing and planting successfully is regional beyond the Desert Area of illiteracy newly developed area first in Tianjin for we, on flora geography, belongs to the North China district, and is widely different with the natural conditions of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus area.
For realizing that above-mentioned purpose the invention discloses following technical scheme:
A kind of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introduction and cultivation method is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) selective maturation, big or small even and full Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed are with 0.3-0.5%KMNO4Sterilization 5-10min, with aseptic water washing 3 times, soak 10-15 minute with boiling water again after, pull out after 12 hours with the sterile water immersion again.
The seed that (2) will soak is placed in the culture dish that is covered with filter paper, and moistening filter paper on the upper cover covers the lid of culture dish; Culture dish is positioned under the 25-28 ℃ of condition; According to moisture situation in the culture dish, sprayed 1 distilled water in 2 hours, to keep the required moisture of seed imbibition; Moisture Control is keeping moistening the getting final product of upper strata filter paper.
(3) treat that seed sprouting is prominent and break in the seed coat that radicle is long to be colonizated on the cultivation apparatus without soil to 15-18mm, cultivation apparatus without soil is made the field planting plate with polystyrene foam plate with holes or plank, every hole field planting one strain, and the general 3-5cm of pitch of holes gets final product; Seedling is cultivated with the Hoagland nutrient solution; Root must reach in the Hoagland nutrient solution during cultivation, carries out aerobic culture with oxygen increasing pump.
(4) treat that seedling grows 4 pairs more than the true leaf, the length of root can be transplanted to big Tanaka when 8-12cm, transplanting time: in the sowing time of Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is mid-April～mid-May;
(5) transplant away seedling in one month, must keep ground moistening, it is moistening below 1 centimeter that moisture remains on the soil surface that detects by an unaided eye at least;
(6) in the soil of high salt, can apply nitrogen content and be 46% urea (H2NCONH2) 60g/m2, and 14%P2O5Superphosphate (CaSO4Ca (H2PO4)2,30 g/m2).Wherein said high salt soil refers to the soil of salinity at 0.5-0.9%.
The more detailed introduction and cultivation method of the present invention:
1 selective maturation, the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed that size is even and full are with 0.3%KMNO4Sterilization 5min, with aseptic water washing 3 times, soak 10 minutes with boiling water again after, pull out after 12 hours with the sterile water immersion again.The seed that soaked is placed in the culture dish that is covered with filter paper, and moistening filter paper on the upper cover covers the lid of culture dish; Culture dish is positioned under 25 ℃ of left and right sides conditions; According to moisture situation in the culture dish, regularly spray distilled water, to keep the required moisture of seed imbibition.
2 treat that seed sprouting is prominent breaks in the seed coat, radicle length to about 15mm time, be colonizated on the soilless culture training device, cultivation apparatus without soil is made the field planting plate with polystyrene foam plate with holes or plank.Every hole field planting one strain, strain spacing can confirm according to the size before the seedling replanting, if planning seedling transplants greatly a bit again, distance can far point; If plan to transplant earlier, spacing in the rows can closely get final product about general 3cm.Seedling is with Hoagland nutrient solution aerobic culture.
3 treat that seedling grows 3-4 and both can be transplanted to big Tanaka to true leaf, and the true leaf number is many more, and the survival rate of transplanting will be high more, but the root that will note every strain is long not long or overstocked in culture fluid, and damage root when transplanting prevents to be intertwined.
4. transplanting time.The best sowing time at the Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is mid-April～mid-May.
5. the maintenance of seedling.One month the seedling of just transplanting away must keep ground moistening.If it is later to be transplanted to the time in land for growing field crops, after late May or June, sunlight acute irradiation at noon will be noted when temperature is very high sheltering from heat or light to seedling.Avoid seedling to be dried up.
6. in the soil of high salt, can apply some exogenous chemical substances (IBA, CaCl2, SA) salicylic acid etc., to the relieving effect of salt stress.Nitrogen phosphorus does that mutually growth of seedling is had the promotion effect, and nitrogen phosphorus is rationally joined and executed that (nitrogenous fertilizer is that nitrogen content is 46% urea (H2NCONH2) 60g/m2, phosphate fertilizer is for containing P2O5Amount is 14% superphosphate (CaSO4Ca (H2PO4)2,30 g/m2) can reach the excellent seedling purpose in strong sprout.
Introduction and cultivation method result of the present invention shows:
| Relatively | Seedling percent | The damage of seedling | Germinating time | Flowering time | Moulding | The form of blooming |
| Hydroponics | Greater than 90% | 0 | 24 hours | Cultivated the 3rd year | Cultivated the 4th year | Bloom every year |
| Conventional cultivation | Less than 50% | Damage is serious during transplanting | 24 hours | Do not see | Do not see | Nature is next year bloomed |
Artificial breeding disclosed by the invention and its good effect that is had of introducing and planting Ammopiptanthus mongolicus are:
The first, be first in Tianjin introducing and planting success Ammopiptanthus mongolicus.Be not both with other people maximum of working, other people are in the Desert Area of covering the newly developed area about the successful example of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introducing and planting, i.e. the neighborhood gone of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus natural distribution, and cultivation condition and natural conditions are more approaching.And we in Tianjin introducing and planting successfully be first cover area beyond the Desert Area of newly developed area the cultivation success, on flora geography, belong to the North China district, widely different with the natural conditions of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus area.
The second, continuous 6 years growing ways of introducing and planting Ammopiptanthus mongolicus are good, cultivate to begin to yield positive results in the 3rd year, can produce ripe seed.Plant height reached the highest plant height under the nature in the 4th year.
The 3rd, the self-sow ground of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is arid, hot, barren desert, and that still can grow in Tianjin is fine, explains that it has adaptability and resistance widely.
The 4th, the research proof is left the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus on self-sow ground and still can be lived in relatively consolidation of soil, in the soil environment that salinity is higher, humidity is bigger.Stronger salt resistance is arranged, and the NaCl solution concentration of normal seed germination is less than 1.2%, and the plant salt resistance in seedling stage improves, and under 0.9% salinity, it is unaffected to grow.For the introducing and planting of Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area Ammopiptanthus mongolicus provides the important theory foundation.
The 5th, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus can be grown in the nature of Tianjin, has enlarged the scope of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus introducing and planting, and also horn of plenty Tianjin afforestation seeds have increased new seeds.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described; The scheme of embodiment described here; Do not limit the present invention; One of skill in the art can make improvements and change according to spirit of the present invention, and described these improvement and variation all should be regarded as within the scope of the invention, and scope of the present invention and essence are limited claim.Hoagland nutrient solution of the present invention has commercially available, and other used reagent also have commercially available.
Embodiment 1
(1) selective maturation, big or small even and full Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed are with 0.3%KMNO4Sterilization 5min, with aseptic water washing 3 times, soak 10 minutes with boiling water again after, pull out after 12 hours with the sterile water immersion again.
The seed that (2) will soak is placed in the culture dish that is covered with filter paper, and moistening filter paper on the upper cover covers the lid of culture dish; Culture dish is positioned under 25 ℃ of conditions; According to moisture situation in the culture dish, regularly spray distilled water, to keep the required moisture of seed imbibition; Moisture Control wherein covers filter paper on the upper strata moistening.
(3) treating that seed sprouting is prominent breaks in the seed coat; Radicle is long to 15mm, is colonizated on the soilless culture training device, does not have soil and makes the field planting plate at culturing device with polystyrene foam plate with holes or plank; Every hole field planting one strain; The strain spacing can confirm according to the size before the seedling replanting, if planning seedling transplants greatly a bit again, distance can far point; If plan to transplant earlier, spacing in the rows can be closely, and general 3cm gets final product; Seedling is with Hoagland nutrient solution aerobic culture.
(4) treat that seedling grows 3-4 and both can be transplanted to big Tanaka to true leaf, transplanting time: in the sowing time of Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is mid-April;
(5) one month the seedling of transplanting away must keep ground moistening, and moisture Control must guarantee the ground moistening under the 1cm of the face of land.
The result of plantation: plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and all yield positive results (majority is next year to bloom under the nature) every year after 3 years, spends big and bright-coloured; Each and every one is full for the kind grain, and germination rate is high.Seedling percent reaches more than 80%.
Embodiment 2
(1) selective maturation, big or small even and full Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed are with 0.5%KMNO4Sterilization 10min, with aseptic water washing 3 times, soak 15 minutes with boiling water again after, pull out after 12 hours with the sterile water immersion again.
The seed that (2) will soak is placed in the culture dish that is covered with filter paper, and moistening filter paper on the upper cover covers the lid of culture dish; Culture dish is positioned under 28 ℃ of conditions; According to moisture situation in the culture dish, regularly spray distilled water, to keep the required moisture of seed imbibition; Moisture Control wherein covers filter paper on the upper strata moistening.
(3) treat that seed sprouting is prominent and break in the seed coat that radicle is long to be colonizated on the water planting cultivation apparatus without soil to 18mm, the soilless culture hydroponic device is made the field planting plate with polystyrene foam plate with holes or plank, every hole field planting one strain, and the general 3-5cm of pitch of holes gets final product; Seedling is cultivated with the Hoagland nutrient solution; Root must reach in the Hoagland nutrient solution during cultivation, carries out aerobic culture with oxygen increasing pump;
(4) treat that seedling grows 3-4 to more than the true leaf, the length of root can be transplanted to big Tanaka when 12cm, transplanting time: in the sowing time of Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is mid-April～mid-May;
(5) one month the seedling of transplanting away must keep ground moistening in one month, it is moistening below 1 centimeter that moisture remains on the soil surface that detects by an unaided eye at least;
The result of plantation: plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and all yield positive results (majority is next year to bloom under the nature) every year after 3 years, spends big and bright-coloured; Each and every one is full for the kind grain, and germination rate is high.
Embodiment 3
(1) selective maturation, big or small even and full Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed are with 0.5%KMNO4Sterilization 10min, with aseptic water washing 3 times, soak 10 minutes with boiling water again after, pull out after 12 hours with the sterile water immersion again.
The seed that (2) will soak is placed in the culture dish that is covered with filter paper, and moistening filter paper on the upper cover covers the lid of culture dish; Culture dish is positioned under 28 ℃ of conditions; According to moisture situation in the culture dish, regularly spray distilled water, to keep the required moisture of seed imbibition; Moisture Control wherein covers filter paper on the upper strata moistening.
(3) treating that seed sprouting is prominent breaks in the seed coat; Radicle is long to be colonizated on the hydroponic device to 18mm, and soilless culture training device is made the field planting plate with polystyrene foam plate with holes or plank; Every hole field planting one strain; The strain spacing can confirm according to the size before the seedling replanting, if planning seedling transplants greatly a bit again, distance can far point; If plan to transplant earlier, spacing in the rows can be closely, and general 3-5cm gets final product; Seedling is with Hoagland nutrient solution aerobic culture.
(4) treat that seedling grows 4 pairs of true leaves and both can be transplanted to big Tanaka, transplanting time: in the sowing time of Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is mid-May;
(5) one month the seedling of transplanting away must keep ground moistening, and moisture Control wherein covers filter paper on the upper strata moistening.
(6) in the soil of high salt (saliferous 0.9%) is 46% urea (H through applying nitrogen content2NCONH2) 60g/m2, 14%P2O5Superphosphate (CaSO4Ca (H2PO4)2,30 g/m2).
The result of plantation: plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and all yield positive results (majority is next year to bloom under the nature) every year after 3 years, spends big and bright-coloured; Each and every one is full for the kind grain, germination rate high.