CN102606073A - Guide mechanism for directing rotary steering drilling tool - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构，近钻头稳定器固定在旋转外套的末端，旋转外套内固定有万向节，偏置轴末端安装钻头，上端与钻井液通道相联，偏置轴承的外表面上有液压活塞，液压腔中安装有传感器，液压介质通道位于旋转外套内部，液压介质通道与两个伺服阀相联，伺服阀与控制单元相连，液压泵与电机相连，电机与涡轮相连，涡轮末端为钻井液通道，在液压力作用下，偏置机构产生位移，使万向轴倾斜，液压伸缩块动态可调，使变异万向轴在钻进的过程中保持在一定的角度。泥浆带动发电机产生电能，给液压泵提供能量，整个液压系统为伺服控制，本发明系统灵活、受力好、井斜方位控制准确，井眼质量好的优点。

A guiding mechanism of a pointing rotary steerable drilling tool, the near-bit stabilizer is fixed at the end of the rotating casing, the rotating casing is fixed with a universal joint, the end of the offset shaft is installed with a drill bit, the upper end is connected with the drilling fluid channel, and the offset bearing There are hydraulic pistons on the outer surface of the hydraulic chamber, sensors are installed in the hydraulic chamber, and the hydraulic medium channel is located inside the rotating jacket. The hydraulic medium channel is connected with two servo valves, the servo valve is connected with the control unit, the hydraulic pump is connected with the motor, and the motor is connected with the turbine. Connected, the end of the turbine is the drilling fluid channel, under the action of hydraulic pressure, the offset mechanism produces displacement, making the cardan shaft tilt, and the hydraulic telescopic block is dynamically adjustable, so that the variable cardan shaft can be kept at a certain angle during the drilling process . The mud drives the generator to generate electric energy, which provides energy for the hydraulic pump. The whole hydraulic system is under servo control. The present invention has the advantages of flexible system, good force bearing, accurate control of well deviation and azimuth, and good borehole quality.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构Steering mechanism of a pointing rotary steerable drilling tool

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种石油勘探导向钻井工具，特别涉及一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构。 The invention relates to an oil exploration steering drilling tool, in particular to a guiding mechanism of a pointing rotary steering drilling tool. the

背景技术Background technique

随着石油工业的发展，开发深井，超深井，大位移井，水平井，以及多目标井成为需要。并且要更经常地面对海洋，沙漠等一些复杂构造地层。勘探开发的难度大大增加。这些现状给钻井技术提出了提高效率，提高在恶劣环境和复杂地质条件下的钻井能力，和实现智能化等一系列新要求。 With the development of the petroleum industry, it becomes necessary to develop deep wells, ultra-deep wells, extended-reach wells, horizontal wells, and multi-target wells. And it is necessary to face some complex structural strata such as oceans and deserts more often. The difficulty of exploration and development has greatly increased. These current situations have put forward a series of new requirements for drilling technology, such as improving efficiency, improving drilling capabilities in harsh environments and complex geological conditions, and realizing intelligence. the

旋转导向钻井技术是钻井工程领域的高新技术，代表着世界先进的钻井技术发展方向。目前，在世界范围内水平井、大位移井、分支井等高难度的复杂井正蓬勃发展，常规钻井技术难以适应需要，并且具有本身难以克服的缺点：井眼轨迹控制精度差，钻井极限深度受到限制，井眼清洗不良，较多的起下钻次数引起的钻井速度降低等。所以必须依靠先进的旋转导向钻井技术才能保证井眼轨迹的准确无误。 Rotary steerable drilling technology is a high-tech in the field of drilling engineering, representing the development direction of the world's advanced drilling technology. At present, complex and difficult wells such as horizontal wells, extended-reach wells, and lateral wells are developing vigorously worldwide. Conventional drilling technology is difficult to meet the needs, and has its own insurmountable shortcomings: poor wellbore trajectory control accuracy, drilling limit depth Restricted, poor wellbore cleaning, lower drilling speed caused by more tripping times, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on advanced rotary steerable drilling technology to ensure the accuracy of wellbore trajectory. the

目前旋转导向钻井工具主要分为静态偏置式旋转导向钻井工具和动态偏置式旋转导向钻井工具。按偏置机构的导向方式的不同，又可分为推靠式和指向式。推靠式旋转导向系统侧向力大，造斜率高， 但旋转导向钻出的井眼狗腿大，轨迹波动大，不平滑。钻头和钻头轴承的磨损较严重。 At present, rotary steerable drilling tools are mainly divided into static offset rotary steerable drilling tools and dynamic offset rotary steerable drilling tools. According to the different guiding methods of the biasing mechanism, it can be divided into push-to-type and point-to-point. The push-on rotary steerable system has a large lateral force and a high build-up rate, but the wellbore drilled by the rotary steerable has large doglegs, and the trajectory fluctuates greatly and is not smooth. The drill and drill bearings are more severely worn. the

指向式旋转导向系统能钻出较平滑的井眼；摩阻和扭矩较小；可以使用较大的钻压；机械钻速较高；有助于发挥钻头的性能；钻头及其轴承承受的侧向载荷较小；极限位移增加。 The pointing rotary steerable system can drill a smoother wellbore; the friction and torque are small; a large bit pressure can be used; the ROP is high; it is helpful to the performance of the drill bit; The load is smaller; the limit displacement is increased. the

而动态式旋转导向系统相比静态式具有钻柱受力情况良好，调节更加灵活等优点，已经是旋转导向钻具领域研究的重点. Compared with the static type, the dynamic rotary steerable system has the advantages of better stress on the drill string and more flexible adjustment, and has become the focus of research in the field of rotary steerable drilling tools. 

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构，结合了动态式和指向式两者的特点，既有动态式钻柱受力情况良好，调节灵活的优点，又有指向式钻具在特殊地质条件导向能力强，井眼质量好的优点。 In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a steering mechanism of a pointing rotary steerable drilling tool, which combines the characteristics of both the dynamic type and the pointing type. It has the advantage of being flexible, and the directional drilling tool has the advantages of strong steering ability in special geological conditions and good borehole quality. the

为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的： In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that:

一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构，包括近钻头稳定器1，近钻头稳定器1固定在旋转外套2的末端，旋转外套2内固定有万向节5，万向节5中的钢球6放置在偏置轴3的球窝中，偏置轴3与外套2末端之间安装有第一密封圈8，偏置轴3末端用来安装钻头4，偏置轴3的上端伸入在偏置轴承10中，并通过柔性密封圈17与钻井液通道19相联，偏置轴承10的外表面上作用有四个液压活塞9，液压活塞9通过液压介质14推动，液压活塞9在液压腔22中运动，液压腔22开在旋转外套2上，液压腔22中安装有传感器11，液压介质通道15位于旋转外套2内部，液压介质通道15通过液压腔22与 两个伺服阀12相联，伺服阀12与控制单元21相连，液压介质14通过液压泵13提供压力能，液压泵13的输入轴与电机16的输出轴相连，电机16的输入轴与涡轮18的主轴相连，涡轮18末端为钻井液通道19，钻井液通道19与电机16之间安装有第二密封圈20。 A guiding mechanism of a pointing rotary steerable drilling tool, comprising a near-drill stabilizer 1, which is fixed at the end of a rotating outer casing 2, and a universal joint 5 is fixed inside the rotating outer casing 2, and the steel in the universal joint 5 The ball 6 is placed in the ball socket of the offset shaft 3, the first sealing ring 8 is installed between the offset shaft 3 and the end of the outer casing 2, the end of the offset shaft 3 is used to install the drill bit 4, and the upper end of the offset shaft 3 extends into the In the offset bearing 10, which is connected with thedrilling fluid channel 19 through the flexible sealing ring 17, four hydraulic pistons 9 act on the outer surface of the offset bearing 10, and the hydraulic pistons 9 are pushed by thehydraulic medium 14, and the hydraulic pistons 9 Movement in the hydraulic chamber 22, the hydraulic chamber 22 is opened on the rotating jacket 2, thesensor 11 is installed in the hydraulic chamber 22, thehydraulic medium channel 15 is located inside the rotating jacket 2, thehydraulic medium channel 15 communicates with the twoservo valves 12 through the hydraulic chamber 22 Theservo valve 12 is connected with the control unit 21, thehydraulic medium 14 provides pressure energy through the hydraulic pump 13, the input shaft of the hydraulic pump 13 is connected with the output shaft of the motor 16, the input shaft of the motor 16 is connected with the main shaft of the turbine 18, and the turbine 18 The end is adrilling fluid channel 19 , and a second sealing ring 20 is installed between thedrilling fluid channel 19 and the motor 16 . the

本发明结合了动态式和指向式两者的特点，兼有动态式系统灵活，受力好的优点和指向式钻具更好的井斜方位控制，井眼质量好的优点。 The present invention combines the characteristics of both the dynamic type and the pointing type, and has the advantages of flexible dynamic system and good force bearing and better well deviation and azimuth control of the pointing type drilling tool, and the advantages of good borehole quality. the

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention. the

图2是本发明的A-A向结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in the direction of A-A. the

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明做详细叙述。 The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing. the

参照图1、图2，一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构，包括近钻头稳定器1，近钻头稳定器1通过螺纹连接形式固定在旋转外套2的末端，旋转外套2内固定有万向节5，万向节5中的钢球6放置在偏置轴3的球窝中，从而使偏置轴3和旋转外套2一同旋转，偏置轴3与外套2末端之间安装有第一密封圈8，用来阻止泥浆进入万向节5，偏置轴3末端用来安装钻头4，偏置轴3的上端伸入在偏置轴承10中，并通过柔性密封圈17和钻井液通道19相联，偏置轴承10的外表面上作用有四个液压活塞9，液压活塞9通过液压介质14推动，液压活塞9在液压腔22中运动，液压腔22开在旋转外套2上，液压腔22中安装有传感器11，用来检测液压活塞9的位置。液压介 质通道15位于旋转外套2内部，液压介质通道15通向液压腔22与两个伺服阀12相联，伺服阀12受到控制单元21的控制。液压介质14的压力能靠液压泵13提供，液压泵13靠电机16驱动，电机16依靠钻井液冲刷涡轮18旋转产生电能。涡轮18末端为钻井液通道19，钻井液通道19与电机16之间安装有第二密封圈20，用来阻止钻井液侵入电机16以及液压介质14. Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a guiding mechanism of a pointing rotary steerable drilling tool includes a near-drill stabilizer 1, which is fixed on the end of the rotating outer casing 2 through a threaded connection, and the rotating outer casing 2 is fixed with ten thousand The joint 5, the steel ball 6 in the universal joint 5 is placed in the ball socket of the offset shaft 3, so that the offset shaft 3 and the rotating outer casing 2 rotate together, and the second end of the offset shaft 3 and the outer casing 2 is installed A sealing ring 8 is used to prevent mud from entering the universal joint 5. The end of the offset shaft 3 is used to install the drill bit 4. The upper end of the offset shaft 3 extends into the offset bearing 10 and passes through the flexible sealing ring 17 and the drilling fluid. Thepassages 19 are connected, and four hydraulic pistons 9 act on the outer surface of the offset bearing 10. The hydraulic pistons 9 are pushed by thehydraulic medium 14, and the hydraulic pistons 9 move in the hydraulic chamber 22. The hydraulic chamber 22 is opened on the rotating jacket 2. Asensor 11 is installed in the hydraulic chamber 22 for detecting the position of the hydraulic piston 9 . Thehydraulic medium channel 15 is located inside the rotating jacket 2, and thehydraulic medium channel 15 leads to the hydraulic chamber 22 to connect with twoservo valves 12, and theservo valves 12 are controlled by the control unit 21. The pressure of thehydraulic medium 14 can be provided by the hydraulic pump 13, and the hydraulic pump 13 is driven by the motor 16, and the motor 16 relies on the drilling fluid to scour the turbine 18 to rotate to generate electric energy. The end of the turbine 18 is adrilling fluid channel 19, and a second sealing ring 20 is installed between thedrilling fluid channel 19 and the motor 16 to prevent the drilling fluid from invading the motor 16 and thehydraulic medium 14.

本发明的工作原理为：旋转导向钻井底部钻具中的近钻头稳定器1与旋转外套2紧密结合并保持旋转，旋转外套2受到钻柱驱动，钻柱由井上钻机带动旋转。偏置轴3通过联接方式安装在旋转外套2内，受到旋转外套的直接驱动来进行钻井工作。偏置轴的底部开有锥形螺纹，钻头4通过锥螺纹安装在偏置轴3上。偏置轴在工作中和旋转外套的轴线保持在指定的角度，从而使钻头沿着预设的方向钻进。钻直井段时可以通过将偏置角度调整为零来实现。 The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the near-bit stabilizer 1 in the rotary steerable drilling bottom hole unit is closely combined with the rotary casing 2 and keeps rotating, the rotary casing 2 is driven by the drill string, and the drill string is driven to rotate by the drilling rig on the well. The offset shaft 3 is installed in the rotating outer casing 2 by means of coupling, and is directly driven by the rotating outer casing to carry out drilling work. The bottom of the offset shaft has a tapered thread, and the drill bit 4 is installed on the offset shaft 3 through the tapered thread. The offset shaft is kept at a specified angle with the axis of the rotating casing during operation, so that the drill bit drills in a preset direction. This can be achieved by adjusting the offset angle to zero when drilling a straight section. the

旋转外套通过万向节5将力矩和压力传递到偏置轴3上，万向节的结构跟滚动轴承的结构相似，与之不同的是滚珠6嵌在球形凹槽7内，起到销子的作用，使得旋转外套2和偏置轴3之间没有相对的运动，并且允许了偏置轴3绕着万向节5的中心向着任何方向摆动。 The rotating jacket transmits the torque and pressure to the offset shaft 3 through the universal joint 5. The structure of the universal joint is similar to that of the rolling bearing. The difference is that the ball 6 is embedded in the spherical groove 7 and acts as a pin. Function, so that there is no relative movement between the rotating sleeve 2 and the offset shaft 3, and allows the offset shaft 3 to swing around the center of the universal joint 5 in any direction. the

偏置轴3和旋转外套2轴心线之间的角度是通过旋转外套内部的液压活塞9来调整的，液压活塞9的控制通过液压伺服回路来实现。液压回路中起到关键调节作用的是液压伺服阀12。液压伺服阀12能根据传感器11采集到的信号来调节液压活塞9的运动。工作过程中，倾斜角度可以通过控制单元21的命令发生改变，实现动态可调。 The angle between the offset shaft 3 and the axis line of the rotating outer casing 2 is adjusted by the hydraulic piston 9 inside the rotating outer casing, and the control of the hydraulic piston 9 is realized through a hydraulic servo circuit. It is thehydraulic servo valve 12 that plays a key regulating role in the hydraulic circuit. Thehydraulic servo valve 12 can adjust the movement of the hydraulic piston 9 according to the signal collected by thesensor 11 . During the working process, the inclination angle can be changed by the command of the control unit 21, so as to realize dynamic adjustment. the

在本发明中，旋转外套2内配置有液压泵13。液压泵13由电机18驱动，为液压系统提供压力介质。液压介质14受到伺服阀12控制，流入液压腔22。伺服阀12收到传感器11采集信号发出的命令后，改变液压介质14的流速或方向，使液压活塞9按一定规律运动。液压活塞9的合运动能够维持偏置轴3在钻进过程中轴心线静止，或者改变偏置轴3的倾角到调节范围内的任意角度。 In the present invention, a hydraulic pump 13 is arranged inside the rotary housing 2 . The hydraulic pump 13 is driven by the motor 18 to provide pressure medium for the hydraulic system. Thehydraulic medium 14 is controlled by theservo valve 12 and flows into the hydraulic chamber 22 . After theservo valve 12 receives the command from the signal collected by thesensor 11, it changes the flow rate or direction of the hydraulic medium 14 to make the hydraulic piston 9 move according to a certain rule. The combined movement of the hydraulic piston 9 can keep the axis of the offset shaft 3 stationary during the drilling process, or change the inclination angle of the offset shaft 3 to any angle within the adjustment range. the

用来控制电子系统以及伺服阀12运动的电能，由电机16产生，电机16依靠钻井液冲刷涡轮19或正位移马达来发电。电机16的电能也可用来给电子系统的电池充电。 The electric energy used to control the electronic system and the movement of theservo valve 12 is generated by the motor 16, and the motor 16 relies on drilling fluid to flush theturbine 19 or a positive displacement motor to generate electricity. Electric power from the motor 16 can also be used to charge the batteries of the electronic system. the

在工作中，旋转外套2一直处于旋转状态，故液压系统必须具备动态调节的能力，使钻轴的轴线相对于大地保持静止，按照预定的方向偏置。假设旋转外套的角速度为ω，则转轴摆动角速度必须为-ω。 During work, the rotating jacket 2 is always in a rotating state, so the hydraulic system must have the ability to dynamically adjust, so that the axis of the drill shaft remains stationary relative to the ground and is biased in a predetermined direction. Assuming that the angular velocity of the rotating jacket is ω, the angular velocity of the swinging shaft must be -ω. the

为使偏置轴3端部实现圆周运动，液压活塞9的合运动必须是圆周运动。本发明中每两对液压活塞9相互垂直布置，现假设一组为x方向，一组为y方向，那么当它们的运动规律如下：v_x＝rωcosθ，v_y＝rωsinθ，θ＝2π/ω.就可以使它们的合运动为圆周运动，且与旋转外套保持相同的角速度ω，从而抵消了旋转外套2旋转的效果。 In order to realize the circular motion of the end of the offset shaft 3, the combined motion of the hydraulic piston 9 must be a circular motion. In the present invention, every two pairs of hydraulic pistons 9 are arranged vertically to each other. Assuming that one group is in the x direction and one group is in the y direction, then their motion laws are as follows: v_x = rωcosθ, v_y = rωsinθ, θ = 2π/ω . Just can make their joint motion be circular motion, and keep the same angular velocity ω with the rotating jacket, thereby canceling the effect of the rotating jacket 2 rotation.

伺服阀12可以为两位四通阀，通过调节液流使液压活塞9按照给定的规律运动。伺服阀12由于快速性好，传动平稳等优点，可以很好地实现对液流方向，流量的实时调节。 Theservo valve 12 can be a two-position four-way valve, which makes the hydraulic piston 9 move according to a given law by adjusting the liquid flow. Theservo valve 12 can well realize the real-time adjustment of the liquid flow direction and the flow rate due to the advantages of good quickness and stable transmission. the

传感器11将采集到的信号传递到控制单元21，信号经控制单元 21计算处理后，变为伺服阀11的控制信号(如正弦，余弦信号)，伺服阀按给定的规律调节回路，从而实现了偏置机构可控的，连续的调节。 Thesensor 11 transmits the collected signal to the control unit 21. After the signal is calculated and processed by the control unit 21, it becomes the control signal (such as sine and cosine signals) of theservo valve 11, and the servo valve adjusts the circuit according to a given rule, thereby realizing Controlled, continuous adjustment of the biasing mechanism. the

图中：1稳定器，2旋转外套，3偏置轴，4钻头，5万向节，6钢球，7，凹槽，8第一密封圈，9液压活塞，10偏置轴承，11传感器，12伺服阀，13液压泵，14液压介质，15液压介质通道，16电机，17柔性密封圈，18涡轮，19钻井液通道，20第二密封圈，21控制单元，22液压腔。 In the figure: 1 stabilizer, 2 rotating jacket, 3 offset shaft, 4 drill bit, 5 universal joint, 6 steel ball, 7, groove, 8 first sealing ring, 9 hydraulic piston, 10 offset bearing, 11 sensor , 12 servo valve, 13 hydraulic pump, 14 hydraulic medium, 15 hydraulic medium channel, 16 motor, 17 flexible sealing ring, 18 turbine, 19 drilling fluid channel, 20 second sealing ring, 21 control unit, 22 hydraulic chamber. the

Claims (1)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种指向式旋转导向钻井工具的导向机构，其特征在于，包括近钻头稳定器(1)，近钻头稳定器(1)固定在旋转外套(2)的末端，旋转外套(2)内固定有万向节(5)，万向节(5)中的钢球(6)放置在偏置轴(3)的球窝中，偏置轴(3)与外套(2)末端之间安装有第一密封圈(8)，偏置轴(3)末端用来安装钻头(4)，偏置轴(3)的上端伸入在偏置轴承(10)中，并通过柔性密封圈(17)与钻井液通道(19)相联，偏置轴承(10)的外表面上作用有四个液压活塞(9)，液压活塞(9)通过液压介质(14)推动，液压活塞(9)在液压腔(22)中运动，液压腔(22)开在旋转外套(2)上，液压腔(22)中安装有传感器(11)，液压介质通道(15)位于旋转外套(2)内部，液压介质通道(15)通过液压腔(22)与两个伺服阀(12)相联，伺服阀(12)与控制单元(21)相连，液压介质(14)通过液压泵(13)提供压力能，液压泵(13)的输入轴与电机(16)的输出轴相连，电机(16)的输入轴与涡轮(18)的主轴相连，涡轮(18)末端为钻井液通道(19)，钻井液通道(19)与电机(16)之间安装有第二密封圈(20)。 1. A guiding mechanism of a pointing type rotary steerable drilling tool, characterized in that it comprises a near-drill stabilizer (1), and the near-drill stabilizer (1) is fixed on the end of the rotary outer casing (2), and in the rotary outer casing (2) The universal joint (5) is fixed, the steel ball (6) in the universal joint (5) is placed in the ball socket of the offset shaft (3), and the offset shaft (3) is installed between the end of the outer casing (2) There is a first sealing ring (8), the end of the offset shaft (3) is used to install the drill bit (4), and the upper end of the offset shaft (3) extends into the offset bearing (10), and passes through the flexible sealing ring (17 ) is connected with the drilling fluid channel (19), and four hydraulic pistons (9) act on the outer surface of the offset bearing (10), the hydraulic pistons (9) are pushed by the hydraulic medium (14), and the hydraulic pistons (9) Movement in the hydraulic chamber (22), the hydraulic chamber (22) is opened on the rotating jacket (2), the sensor (11) is installed in the hydraulic chamber (22), the hydraulic medium channel (15) is located inside the rotating jacket (2), the hydraulic pressure The medium channel (15) is connected with two servo valves (12) through the hydraulic cavity (22), the servo valve (12) is connected with the control unit (21), the hydraulic medium (14) provides pressure energy through the hydraulic pump (13), The input shaft of the hydraulic pump (13) is connected with the output shaft of the motor (16), the input shaft of the motor (16) is connected with the main shaft of the turbine (18), the end of the turbine (18) is a drilling fluid channel (19), and the drilling fluid channel A second sealing ring (20) is installed between (19) and the motor (16). the

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