技术领域technical field
本发明涉及可再生能源技术，特别涉及一种利用太阳能的汽车供电系统和汽车供电控制方法。The invention relates to renewable energy technology, in particular to an automobile power supply system utilizing solar energy and an automobile power supply control method.
背景技术Background technique
资源有限、污染严重的传统石化燃料能源正在一天天减少，于是资源无限、清洁干净的可再生能源成为人们关注的焦点。其中太阳能作为一种新兴的绿色能源，以其永不枯竭、无污染、不受地域资源限制等优点，正得到迅速的推广应用。根据光生伏特效应原理，利用太阳电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能的光伏技术是一项非常重要的技术，能够实现人类向可持续的全球能源系统转变。国际上普遍认为，在长期的能源战略中，太阳能光伏发电在太阳能热发电、风力发电、海洋发电、生物质能发电等许多可再生能源中具有更重要的地位。预计到2030年光伏发电在世界的总发电量中将占到5％到20％。Traditional fossil fuel energy with limited resources and serious pollution is decreasing day by day, so clean and renewable energy with unlimited resources has become the focus of attention. Among them, solar energy, as an emerging green energy, is being rapidly popularized and applied due to its advantages of inexhaustibility, no pollution, and no limitation of geographical resources. Based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic technology, which uses solar cells to directly convert sunlight energy into electricity, is a very important technology that can realize the transition of mankind to a sustainable global energy system. It is generally believed internationally that in the long-term energy strategy, solar photovoltaic power generation has a more important position in many renewable energy sources such as solar thermal power generation, wind power generation, ocean power generation, and biomass power generation. It is estimated that photovoltaic power generation will account for 5% to 20% of the world's total power generation by 2030.
目前业界已经开发出将太阳能作为汽车能量来源的技术，但是由于太阳能照射强度弱且不稳定，再加之转换效率低，因此汽车上的太阳能电池目前都作为补充的能量来源使用，在许多情况下汽车电器仍然需要依赖于汽车的发电机和蓄电池的储能。显然，如果能够将主要能量来源与补充能量来源灵活地组合使用，则可以大幅度提高能源使用效率并降低环境污染。At present, the industry has developed a technology that uses solar energy as a source of energy for automobiles. However, due to weak and unstable solar radiation intensity and low conversion efficiency, solar cells on automobiles are currently used as a supplementary energy source. In many cases, automobiles Appliances still rely on the car's generator and battery storage. Obviously, if the primary energy source can be flexibly combined with supplementary energy sources, energy efficiency can be greatly improved and environmental pollution can be reduced.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的一个目的是提供一种利用太阳能的汽车供电系统，其可以提高能源利用效率并改善驱动能力。An object of the present invention is to provide an automobile power supply system using solar energy, which can increase energy utilization efficiency and improve driving ability.
上述目的可以由下述技术方案实现。The above object can be achieved by the following technical solutions.
一种利用太阳能的汽车供电系统，包括：A car power supply system utilizing solar energy, comprising:
太阳能电池单元；solar cell unit;
主储能单元；main energy storage unit;
副储能单元；以及secondary energy storage unit; and
电源管理单元，其与所述太阳能电池单元、所述主储能单元、所述副储能单元以及汽车用电负载连接，a power management unit, which is connected to the solar battery unit, the main energy storage unit, the auxiliary energy storage unit and the vehicle electric load,
其中，所述电源管理单元根据所述主储能单元、所述副储能单元的状态，在所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元之间分配能量。Wherein, the power management unit distributes energy between the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit according to the states of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit.
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元的状态为它们的剩余电量。Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the states of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit are their remaining power.
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元为蓄电池或超级电容器，并且所述主储能单元的储电能力大于所述副储能单元的储电能力。Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit are batteries or supercapacitors, and the power storage capacity of the main energy storage unit is greater than that of the auxiliary energy storage unit ability.
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述电源管理单元包括：Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the power management unit includes:
与所述主储能单元相连的第一充电适配电路，用于将输入的电压转换为适于所述主储能单元的充电电压；A first charging adaptation circuit connected to the main energy storage unit, configured to convert the input voltage into a charging voltage suitable for the main energy storage unit;
与所述副储能单元相连的第二充电适配电路，用于将输入的电压转换为适于所述副储能单元的充电电压；A second charging adaptation circuit connected to the auxiliary energy storage unit, configured to convert the input voltage into a charging voltage suitable for the auxiliary energy storage unit;
与所述汽车用电负载相连的电压转换电路，用于将输入的电压转换为适于所述汽车用电负载的工作电压；A voltage conversion circuit connected to the electrical load of the vehicle, used to convert the input voltage into a working voltage suitable for the electrical load of the vehicle;
控制器；controller;
切换电路，与所述太阳能电池单元、所述第一和第二充电适配电路、所述电压转换电路以及所述控制器相连，用于在控制器的控制下实现下列操作方式中的一种或者多种：A switching circuit, connected to the solar battery unit, the first and second charging adaptation circuits, the voltage conversion circuit and the controller, for realizing one of the following operation modes under the control of the controller or multiple:
a)所述太阳能电池单元与所述第一充电适配电路连接以向所述主储能单元充电；b)所述太阳能电池与所述第二充电适配电路连接以向所述副储能单元充电；c)所述太阳能电池与所述电压转换电路连接以向所述汽车用电负载供电；d)所述第二充电适配电路与所述第一充电适配电路连接以使所述副储能单元向所述主储能单元充电；e)所述第一充电适配电路与所述电压转换电路连接以使所述主储能单元向所述汽车用电负载供电；以及f)所述第二充电适配电路与所述电压转换电路连接以使所述副储能单元向所述汽车用电负载供电。a) The solar battery unit is connected to the first charging adaptation circuit to charge the main energy storage unit; b) The solar battery is connected to the second charging adaptation circuit to charge the secondary energy storage unit unit charging; c) the solar battery is connected to the voltage conversion circuit to supply power to the automobile electric load; d) the second charging adaptation circuit is connected to the first charging adaptation circuit to enable the The auxiliary energy storage unit charges the main energy storage unit; e) the first charging adaptation circuit is connected to the voltage conversion circuit so that the main energy storage unit supplies power to the automobile electric load; and f) The second charging adaptation circuit is connected to the voltage conversion circuit so that the auxiliary energy storage unit supplies power to the electric load of the vehicle.
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述太阳能电池单元包括：Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the solar battery unit includes:
太阳能电池；以及solar cells; and
与所述太阳能电池的输出端相连的输出功率优化电路，用于调整所述太阳能电池的输出功率，其中，所述输出功率优化电路通过持续地向所述太阳能电池的输出电压施加扰动并比较当前太阳能电池输出功率与前一周期的输出功率的大小，对所述太阳能电池的工作点进行实时控制调整，以实现对最大功率点的跟踪。an output power optimization circuit connected to the output terminal of the solar cell, for adjusting the output power of the solar cell, wherein the output power optimization circuit continuously applies disturbance to the output voltage of the solar cell and compares the current The output power of the solar cell and the output power of the previous period are controlled and adjusted in real time to the working point of the solar cell, so as to realize the tracking of the maximum power point.
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述控制器包括：Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the controller includes:
计算装置，用于计算所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元的剩余电量；a calculation device, configured to calculate the remaining power of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit;
与所述计算装置相连的通信装置，用于获取主储能单元和所述副储能单元的状态参数并将这些状态参数送往所述计算装置；以及a communication device connected to the computing device, configured to obtain state parameters of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit and send these state parameters to the computing device; and
控制策略生成装置，用于根据所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元的剩余电量生成相应的命令，以使所述切换电路实现所述操作方式a)-f)中的一种或多种。A control strategy generation device, configured to generate corresponding commands according to the remaining power of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit, so that the switching circuit realizes one of the operation modes a)-f) or Various.
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述控制策略生成装置按照下列方式生成所述相应的命令：Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the control strategy generation device generates the corresponding commands in the following manner:
如果所述主储能单元的剩余电量大于或等于第一阈值，则生成使所述切换电路实现所述操作方式b)和e)的命令；if the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is greater than or equal to a first threshold, generating commands to enable the switching circuit to implement the operation modes b) and e);
如果所述主储能单元的剩余电量小于所述第一阈值并且小于第二阈值，则生成使所述切换电路实现所述操作方式a)和d)的命令，其中所述第一阈值大于所述第二阈值；If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is less than the first threshold and less than a second threshold, generating commands to enable the switching circuit to implement the operation modes a) and d), wherein the first threshold is greater than the the second threshold;
如果所述主储能单元的剩余电量小于所述第一阈值但大于所述第二阈值，则生成使所述切换电路实现所述操作方式c)和e)的命令。If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is less than the first threshold but greater than the second threshold, generating commands to enable the switching circuit to implement the operation modes c) and e).
优选地，在上述汽车供电系统中，所述主储能单元和副储能单元为蓄电池，所述剩余电量以所述蓄电池的SOC表征，所述计算装置按照下列方式计算所述蓄电池的SOC：Preferably, in the above automobile power supply system, the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit are batteries, the remaining power is represented by the SOC of the battery, and the calculation device calculates the SOC of the battery in the following manner:
如果汽车处于静止状态超过一个预设的时间并且所述蓄电池的电流小于一个预设的电流值时，则根据下式计算所述蓄电池的SOC：If the vehicle is in a static state for more than a preset time and the current of the battery is less than a preset current value, the SOC of the battery is calculated according to the following formula:
SOC＝η1×[Es+I×(R0+Rr)]+η2SOC=η1×[Es+I×(R0+Rr)]+η2
其中Es为所述蓄电池的电压，I为所述蓄电池的电流，R0为所述蓄电池的欧姆内阻，Rr为所述蓄电池的极化内阻，η1和η2为常数；Wherein Es is the voltage of the storage battery, I is the electric current of the storage battery, R0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the storage battery, Rr is the polarization internal resistance of the storage battery, and η1 and η2 are constants;
如果汽车处于运行状态或所述蓄电池的电流大于或等于所述预设的电流值，则根据下式计算所述蓄电池的SOC：If the vehicle is in running state or the current of the storage battery is greater than or equal to the preset current value, the SOC of the storage battery is calculated according to the following formula:
其中Δt为所述蓄电池的温度增大值，i(x)为所述蓄电池在时刻x的电流，t为从初始时刻到当前所经历的时间，a、b和c为常数。Where Δt is the temperature increase value of the battery, i(x) is the current of the battery at time x, t is the time elapsed from the initial moment to the present, and a, b and c are constants.
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种利用太阳能的汽车供电控制方法，其可以提高能源利用效率并改善驱动能力。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling power supply of a vehicle using solar energy, which can increase energy utilization efficiency and improve driving ability.
上述目的可以由下述技术方案实现。The above object can be achieved by the following technical solutions.
一种利用太阳能的汽车供电控制方法，所述汽车的供电系统包括太阳能电池单元、主储能单元和副储能单元，所述方法包括下列步骤：A method for controlling power supply of a car using solar energy, the power supply system of the car includes a solar battery unit, a main energy storage unit and a secondary energy storage unit, and the method includes the following steps:
获取所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元的状态参数；Obtaining state parameters of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit;
根据获取的状态参数计算所述主储能单元和所述副储能单元的剩余电量；calculating the remaining power of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit according to the acquired state parameters;
根据所述主储能单元、所述副储能单元的状态，在所述主储能单元、所述副储能单元和所述汽车用电负载之间分配能量。According to the states of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit, energy is distributed among the main energy storage unit, the auxiliary energy storage unit and the electric load of the vehicle.
优选地，在上述汽车供电控制方法中，依照下列方式在所述主储能单元、所述副储能单元和所述汽车用电负载之间分配能量：Preferably, in the above-mentioned vehicle power supply control method, the energy is distributed among the main energy storage unit, the auxiliary energy storage unit and the vehicle electric load in the following manner:
如果所述主储能单元的剩余电量大于或等于第一阈值，则生成使所述主储能单元向所述汽车用电负载供电并且使所述太阳能电池单元向所述副储能单元充电的命令；If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, generate a command to enable the main energy storage unit to supply power to the vehicle electrical load and to enable the solar battery unit to charge the auxiliary energy storage unit Order;
如果所述主储能单元的剩余电量小于所述第一阈值并且小于第二阈值，则生成使所述太阳能电池单元和所述副储能单元向所述主储能单元充电的命令，其中所述第一阈值大于所述第二阈值；If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is less than the first threshold and less than a second threshold, generating a command to charge the solar battery unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit to the main energy storage unit, wherein the said first threshold is greater than said second threshold;
如果所述主储能单元的剩余电量小于所述第一阈值但大于所述第二阈值，则生成使所述太阳能电池和所述主储能单元向所述汽车用电负载供电的命令。If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is less than the first threshold but greater than the second threshold, a command is generated to enable the solar battery and the main energy storage unit to supply power to the vehicle electric load.
按照本发明的实施例，太阳能被储存在主储能单元和副储能单元中，因此大大提高了太阳能的利用效率。另外，将电能储存在蓄电池中后能够积少成多，用来驱动更大的负载，改进了太阳能的易用性。再者，将多余的太阳能存储在主储能单元内还可以避免汽车长期闲置后出现的电量不足的现象。又，按照本发明的实施例的汽车供电系统能够很好地兼容传统动力汽车，因此有很好的实用性，便于推广。According to the embodiment of the present invention, solar energy is stored in the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit, thus greatly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. In addition, the electrical energy stored in the battery can be accumulated to drive a larger load, improving the ease of use of solar energy. Furthermore, storing excess solar energy in the main energy storage unit can also avoid the phenomenon of insufficient power that occurs after the car is idle for a long time. Moreover, the vehicle power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention can be well compatible with traditional power vehicles, so it has good practicability and is easy to popularize.
从结合附图的以下详细说明中，将会使本发明的上述和其它目的及优点更加完全清楚。The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为按照本发明一个实施例的汽车供电系统的结构框图。FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an automobile power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为图1所示的汽车供电系统中的电源管理单元的内部结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the power management unit in the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 1 .
图3为图2所示的电源管理单元中的控制器的内部结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the controller in the power management unit shown in FIG. 2 .
图4为图1所示的汽车供电系统中的太阳能电池单元的内部结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solar battery unit in the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 1 .
图5为图4所示的太阳能电池单元中的输出功率优化电路对太阳能电池的工作点进行实时控制调整的策略示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a strategy for real-time control and adjustment of the operating point of the solar cell by the output power optimization circuit in the solar cell unit shown in FIG. 4 .
图6为按照本发明另一个实施例的汽车供电控制方法的流程图。FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for controlling power supply of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将根据表示本发明实施方式的附图具体说明本发明。Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on the drawings showing the embodiments of the present invention.
在本说明书中，“连接”一词应当理解为在两个单元之间直接传送能量或信号，或者经一个或多个第三单元间接传送能量或信号，而且这里所称的信号包括但不限于以电、光和磁的形式存在的信号。In this specification, the term "connection" should be understood as the direct transmission of energy or signals between two units, or the indirect transmission of energy or signals via one or more third units, and the signals referred to here include but are not limited to Signals that exist in the form of electricity, light, and magnetism.
图1为按照本发明一个实施例的汽车供电系统的结构框图。FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an automobile power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
参见图1，本实施例的利用太阳能的汽车供电系统10包括太阳能电池单元100、主储能单元200、副储能单元300和电源管理单元400。太阳能电池100经电源管理单元400分别与主储能单元200和副储能单元300连接，主储能单元200和副储能单元300之间也经电源管理单元400连接，此外，电源管理单元400与汽车用电负载20相连以将来自太阳能电池单元100、主储能单元200和副储能单元300的能量输送给汽车用电负载20。在图1中，电源管理单元400可以根据主储能单元200和副储能单元300的状态(例如包括但不限于主储能单元200和副储能单元300的剩余电量等)，按照一定的供电策略在太阳能电池单元100、主储能单元200、副储能单元300和汽车用电负载20之间分配能量。具体的供电分配策略将在后面作详细描述。Referring to FIG. 1 , the vehicle power supply system 10 using solar energy in this embodiment includes a solar battery unit 100 , a main energy storage unit 200 , a secondary energy storage unit 300 and a power management unit 400 . The solar battery 100 is respectively connected to the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 through the power management unit 400, and the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 are also connected through the power management unit 400. In addition, the power management unit 400 It is connected with the automobile electric load 20 to deliver the energy from the solar battery unit 100 , the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 to the automobile electric load 20 . In FIG. 1 , the power management unit 400 can, according to a certain The power supply strategy distributes energy among the solar battery unit 100 , the main energy storage unit 200 , the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 and the vehicle electric load 20 . The specific power distribution strategy will be described in detail later.
汽车的用电负载20应该理解为汽车中使用电力的设备，其例如包括但不限于车灯、鼓风机、空调和音响和起动机等。The electric load 20 of the automobile should be understood as the equipment using electric power in the automobile, which includes but not limited to lights, blowers, air conditioners, stereos, starters, etc., for example.
在本实施例中，可以采用蓄电池或超级电容器作为主储能单元200和副储能单元300，并且假设主储能单元200的储电能力大于副储能单元300的储电能力。In this embodiment, batteries or supercapacitors can be used as the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 , and it is assumed that the electricity storage capacity of the main energy storage unit 200 is greater than that of the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 .
图2为图1所示的汽车供电系统中的电源管理单元的内部结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the power management unit in the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 1 .
参见图2，电源管理单元400包括第一充电适配电路410、第二充电适配电路420、电压转换电路430、控制器440和切换电路450，其中，切换电路450的三个输入端T1、T2和T3分别与图1中的太阳能电池单元100、第一充电适配电路410和第二充电适配电路420相连，三个输出端T4、T5和T6分别连接至第一充电适配电路410、第二充电适配电路420和电压转换电路430，另外，切换电路450的控制端T7被连接至控制器440。应该理解的是，端子T1-T7中的每一个都可以包含一个或多个输入-输出通道，例如T6端可以是一个包含三个输入-输出通道的端口，分别用于太阳能电池单元100对汽车用电负载20的供电、主储能单元200对汽车用电负载20的供电和副储能单元300对汽车用电负载20的供电。2, the power management unit 400 includes a first charging adaptation circuit 410, a second charging adaptation circuit 420, a voltage conversion circuit 430, a controller 440 and a switching circuit 450, wherein the switching circuit 450 has three input terminals T1, T2 and T3 are respectively connected to the solar battery unit 100, the first charging adaptation circuit 410 and the second charging adaptation circuit 420 in FIG. 1, and the three output terminals T4, T5 and T6 are respectively connected to the first charging adaptation circuit 410 , the second charging adaptation circuit 420 and the voltage conversion circuit 430 , in addition, the control terminal T7 of the switching circuit 450 is connected to the controller 440 . It should be understood that each of the terminals T1-T7 can include one or more input-output channels, for example, the terminal T6 can be a port including three input-output channels, which are respectively used for the solar battery unit 100 pairs of automobiles The power supply of the electric load 20 , the power supply of the main energy storage unit 200 to the automobile electric load 20 and the power supply of the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 to the automobile electric load 20 .
第一充电适配电路410与图1中的主储能单元200相连，以将切换电路450提供的电压转换为适于主储能单元200的充电电压。第二充电适配电路420与图1中的副储能单元300相连，可以将切换电路450提供的电压转换为适于副储能单元300的充电电压，另一方面也可以将副储能单元300的电压转换为适于主储能单元200的充电电压。电压转换电路430与图1中的汽车用电负载20相连，可以将切换电路450提供的电压转换为适于汽车用电负载20的工作电压。The first charging adaptation circuit 410 is connected to the main energy storage unit 200 in FIG. 1 to convert the voltage provided by the switching circuit 450 into a charging voltage suitable for the main energy storage unit 200 . The second charging adaptation circuit 420 is connected to the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 in FIG. 1, and can convert the voltage provided by the switching circuit 450 into a charging voltage suitable for the auxiliary energy storage unit 300. The voltage of 300 is converted into a charging voltage suitable for the main energy storage unit 200 . The voltage conversion circuit 430 is connected to the automobile electric load 20 in FIG. 1 , and can convert the voltage provided by the switching circuit 450 into a working voltage suitable for the automobile electric load 20 .
在控制器440的控制下，切换电路450可以实现下列任一操作状态：Under the control of the controller 440, the switching circuit 450 can realize any of the following operating states:
a)使T1端与T4端之间接通，从而使得太阳能电池单元100经第一充电适配电路410向主储能单元200充电。a) Make the terminal T1 and terminal T4 connected, so that the solar battery unit 100 charges the main energy storage unit 200 through the first charging adaptation circuit 410 .
b)使T1端与T5端之间接通，从而使得太阳能电池单元100经第二充电适配电路420向副储能单元300充电。b) Make the connection between the terminal T1 and the terminal T5, so that the solar battery unit 100 charges the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 through the second charging adaptation circuit 420 .
c)使T1端与T6端之间接通，从而使得太阳能电池单元100经电压转换电路430向汽车用电负载20供电。c) Make the connection between the terminal T1 and the terminal T6, so that the solar battery unit 100 supplies power to the electric load 20 of the vehicle through the voltage conversion circuit 430 .
d)使T4端与T3端接通，从而使得副储能单元300经第二充电适配电路420和第一充电适配电路410向主储能单元200充电。d) Connect terminal T4 and terminal T3, so that the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 charges the main energy storage unit 200 via the second charging adaptation circuit 420 and the first charging adaptation circuit 410 .
e)使T2端与T6端接通，从而使得主储能单元200经第一充电适配电路410和电压转换电路430向汽车用电负载20供电。e) Connect terminal T2 and terminal T6, so that the main energy storage unit 200 supplies power to the vehicle electric load 20 through the first charging adaptation circuit 410 and the voltage conversion circuit 430 .
f)使T3端与T6端接通，从而使得副储能单元300经第二充电适配电路420和电压转换电路430向汽车用电负载20供电。f) Connect terminal T3 and terminal T6, so that the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 supplies power to the vehicle electric load 20 through the second charging adaptation circuit 420 and the voltage conversion circuit 430 .
值得指出的是，上述操作状态a)-f)可以是兼容的，也即有些操作状态是可以共存的。例如，操作状态c)和e)可以共存从而实现太阳能电池单元100和主储能单元200向汽车用电负载20的共同供电，又如，操作状态c)、e)和f)可以共存从而实现太阳能电池单元100、主储能单元200和副储能单元300向汽车用电负载20的共同供电，再如，操作状态a)和b)可以共存从而实现太阳能电池单元100同时向主储能单元200和副储能单元300充电。It is worth pointing out that the above operating states a)-f) may be compatible, that is, some operating states may coexist. For example, operating states c) and e) can coexist so as to realize the common power supply of the solar battery unit 100 and the main energy storage unit 200 to the automobile electric load 20, and for another example, operating states c), e) and f) can coexist so as to realize The solar battery unit 100, the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 provide common power supply to the automobile electric load 20. For another example, the operating states a) and b) can coexist so that the solar battery unit 100 can simultaneously supply power to the main energy storage unit. 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 are charged.
图3为图2所示的电源管理单元中的控制器的内部结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the controller in the power management unit shown in FIG. 2 .
参见图3，控制器440包括计算装置441、通信装置442和控制策略生成装置443，其中计算装置441与通信装置442和控制策略生成装置443相连，控制策略生成装置443还与图2中的切换电路450的控制端T7相连。Referring to Fig. 3, the controller 440 includes a computing device 441, a communication device 442 and a control strategy generation device 443, wherein the computing device 441 is connected with the communication device 442 and the control strategy generation device 443, and the control strategy generation device 443 is also connected to the switch in Fig. 2 The control terminal T7 of the circuit 450 is connected.
在图3中，通信装置442例如从连接到总线上的传感器获取主储能单元200和副储能单元300的状态参数(例如包括但不限于储能单元的温度、电流和电压等)并将获得的状态参数送往计算装置441。计算装置441根据上述状态参数计算主储能单元200和副储能单元300的剩余电量并将计算得到的结果送至控制策略生成装置443。有关计算装置441计算剩余电量的方式将在下面作进一步的描述。In FIG. 3 , the communication device 442 obtains the state parameters of the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 (such as but not limited to the temperature, current and voltage of the energy storage unit, etc.) The obtained state parameters are sent to the computing device 441 . The calculation device 441 calculates the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 according to the above state parameters, and sends the calculated results to the control strategy generation device 443 . The manner in which the calculation device 441 calculates the remaining power will be further described below.
控制策略生成装置443是控制器440的核心，用于根据主储能单元200和副储能单元300的剩余电量生成相应的命令并输出至切换电路450的控制端T7，以使图2中的切换电路450实现上面所述的连接状态a)-f)中的一种或多种。The control strategy generation device 443 is the core of the controller 440, and is used to generate corresponding commands according to the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 and output them to the control terminal T7 of the switching circuit 450, so that the The switching circuit 450 realizes one or more of the connection states a)-f) described above.
以下描述控制策略生成装置443生成命令的具体方式。The specific manner in which the control policy generating means 443 generates commands is described below.
如果主储能单元200的剩余电量大于或等于第一阈值Th1，则控制策略生成装置443将生成使切换电路450实现上述操作方式b和)e)的命令。在本实施例中，当主储能单元200的剩余电量大于第一阈值Th1时即可视为该储能单元存储了足够的电量满足汽车用电负载的需求并且无需补充电量。此时为避免太阳能被白白浪费，使太阳能电池单元100向副储能单元300充电。If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is greater than or equal to the first threshold Th1, the control strategy generation device 443 will generate commands to enable the switching circuit 450 to implement the above operation modes b and )e). In this embodiment, when the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is greater than the first threshold Th1, it can be considered that the energy storage unit has stored enough power to meet the demand of the electric load of the vehicle and there is no need to supplement the power. At this time, in order to prevent solar energy from being wasted in vain, the solar battery unit 100 is charged to the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 .
如果主储能单元200的剩余电量小于第二阈值Th2(假设这里Th1＞Th2)，则控制策略生成装置443将生成使切换电路450实现上述操作方式a)和d)的命令。在本实施例中，当主储能单元200的剩余电量小于第二阈值Th2时即可视为该储能单元需要立即补充电量，由于主储能单元200负责汽车启动阶段的供电，因此为保证启动成功，此时太阳能电池单元100和副储能单元300将同时向主储能单元200充电以使主储能单元200的剩余电量迅速恢复到第二阈值Th2的水平之上。If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is less than the second threshold Th2 (assuming that Th1>Th2), the control strategy generation device 443 will generate commands to make the switching circuit 450 implement the above operation modes a) and d). In this embodiment, when the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is less than the second threshold Th2, it can be considered that the energy storage unit needs to replenish power immediately. If successful, the solar battery unit 100 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 will charge the main energy storage unit 200 at the same time so that the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 can quickly recover to the level above the second threshold Th2.
如果主储能单元200的剩余电量小于第一阈值Th1但大于第二阈值Th2，则控制策略生成装置443将生成使切换电路450实现上述操作方式c)和e)的命令。在本实施例中，当主储能单元200的剩余电量处于第一阈值Th1与第二阈值Th2之间时即可视为该储能单元具有潜在的补充电量的可能性，因此为防止主储能单元200的剩余电量被消耗过快，此时由太阳能电池单元100和主储能单元300同时向汽车用电负载20供电。If the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is less than the first threshold Th1 but greater than the second threshold Th2, the control strategy generator 443 will generate commands to enable the switching circuit 450 to implement the above operation modes c) and e). In this embodiment, when the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is between the first threshold Th1 and the second threshold Th2, it can be considered that the energy storage unit has the possibility of potential supplementary power, so in order to prevent the main energy storage The remaining power of the unit 200 is consumed too quickly. At this time, the solar battery unit 100 and the main energy storage unit 300 supply power to the automobile electric load 20 at the same time.
以下描述计算装置441计算剩余电量的方式，在该方式下，假设主储能单元200和副储能单元300为蓄电池，因此剩余电量以蓄电池的SOC来表征。The following describes how the calculation device 441 calculates the remaining power. In this way, it is assumed that the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 are batteries, so the remaining power is represented by the SOC of the battery.
该方式的基本思想由发明人提出，要点是首先将蓄电池分为两个状态，即蓄电池内部结构稳定并且流经的电流较小的状态(以下又称为状态1)和蓄电池内部结构不稳定或者流经的电流较大的状态(以下又称为状态2)，然后针对不同的状态采用不同的算法。The basic idea of this method was proposed by the inventor, and the main point is to first divide the battery into two states, that is, the state in which the internal structure of the battery is stable and the current flowing through it is small (hereinafter referred to as state 1) and the internal structure of the battery is unstable or A state with a relatively large current (hereinafter also referred to as state 2 ) flows through, and then different algorithms are adopted for different states.
发明人经过研究发现，当汽车处于静止状态超过一段时间之后，蓄电池的内部结构一般比较稳定；发明人还发现，在汽车处于静止状态超过一段时间之后并且蓄电池的电流小于一定的电流值(该值可以根据实验确定并且对于一块蓄电池来说在蓄电池工作寿命期间基本上保持固定)时，用下式(1)计算得到的蓄电池的SOC的准确度较高：The inventor has found through research that when the car is at rest for a period of time, the internal structure of the storage battery is generally relatively stable; It can be determined according to the experiment and for a battery that is basically kept constant during the working life of the battery), the accuracy of the SOC of the battery calculated by the following formula (1) is relatively high:
SOC＝η1×[Es+I×(R0+Rr)]+η2 (1)SOC＝η1×[Es+I×(R0+Rr)]+η2 (1)
其中Es为蓄电池的电压，I为蓄电池的电流，R0为蓄电池的欧姆内阻，Rr为蓄电池的极化内阻，η1和η2为常数(可以通过实验确定)。Wherein Es is the voltage of the storage battery, I is the current of the storage battery, R0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the storage battery, Rr is the polarization internal resistance of the storage battery, and η1 and η2 are constants (can be determined through experiments).
另一方面，当汽车处于运行状态或蓄电池的电流大于或等于上述电流值时，发明人发现由式(1)计算得到的结果的精度不能令人满足，此时应采用电流积分法计算蓄电池的SOC。On the other hand, when the car is running or the current of the battery is greater than or equal to the above current value, the inventor finds that the accuracy of the result calculated by formula (1) is not satisfactory, and the current integration method should be used to calculate the battery current SOC.
由于温度将对蓄电池的SOC产生影响，因此为了获得精确的结果，应该将温度因素考虑进去。发明人经过研究发现，下式(2)可以较好地反映温度对按照电流积分法计算得到的SOC的影响：Since temperature will have an effect on the SOC of the battery, it should be taken into account in order to obtain accurate results. The inventor has found through research that the following formula (2) can better reflect the influence of temperature on the SOC calculated according to the current integration method:
其中Δt为蓄电池的温度增大值，i(x)为蓄电池在时刻x的电流，t为从初始时刻到当前所经历的时间，a、b和c为根据实验确定的常数。Where Δt is the temperature increase value of the battery, i(x) is the current of the battery at time x, t is the time elapsed from the initial moment to the present, and a, b and c are constants determined according to experiments.
总之，按照上述计算方式，首先判断蓄电池是处于状态1还是状态2，如果处于前者，则利用式(1)计算蓄电池的SOC，否则利用式(2)计算蓄电池的SOC。In short, according to the above calculation method, first judge whether the battery is in state 1 or state 2, if it is in the former state, use formula (1) to calculate the SOC of the battery, otherwise use formula (2) to calculate the SOC of the battery.
需要指出的是，在本实施例中，计算装置441和控制策略生成装置443可以主要以软件的方式实现(例如运行在通用计算机系统上的计算机程序)，也可以硬件或固件的方式实现，这些变化方式都属于本发明后面所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the computing device 441 and the control strategy generating device 443 can be mainly implemented in the form of software (for example, a computer program running on a general-purpose computer system), or can be implemented in the form of hardware or firmware. Variations all belong to the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.
图4为图1所示的汽车供电系统中的太阳能电池单元的内部结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solar battery unit in the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 1 .
如图4所示，太阳能电池单元100包括太阳能电池110和与太阳能电池的输出端相连的输出功率优化电路120。在本实施例中，输出功率优化电路120的输出功率将被送往图2所示中的切换电路450。As shown in FIG. 4 , the solar cell unit 100 includes a solar cell 110 and an output power optimization circuit 120 connected to an output terminal of the solar cell. In this embodiment, the output power of the output power optimization circuit 120 will be sent to the switching circuit 450 shown in FIG. 2 .
在图4中，输出功率优化电路120通过对太阳能电池110的最大功率点的跟踪来实现太阳能电池110的输出功率的优化。In FIG. 4 , the output power optimization circuit 120 realizes the optimization of the output power of the solar cell 110 by tracking the maximum power point of the solar cell 110 .
图5为图4所示的太阳能电池单元100中的输出功率优化电路120对太阳能电池110的工作点进行实时控制调整的策略示意图。在图5中，横轴代表太阳能电池110的输出电压U，纵轴代表太阳能电池110的输出功率P。如图5所示，输出功率优化电路120通过持续地向太阳能电池110的输出电压施加扰动(图5中以向上和向下的箭头标示)并比较当前太阳能电池输出功率与前一周期的输出功率的大小(在图5中也即A-E点中成对的相邻点(A，B)、(B，C)、(C，D)和(D，E))，对太阳能电池110的工作点进行实时控制调整，由此可实现对最大功率点的跟踪(在图5所示的情形下，最大功率点为C，其对应的功率和电压分别为Pm和Um)。与未采用功率优化电路120的情形相比，按照本实施例的太阳能电池单元100的输出功率至少能够提高30％，在光照不足的情况下，甚至能够提高130％。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a strategy for real-time control and adjustment of the operating point of the solar cell 110 by the output power optimization circuit 120 in the solar cell unit 100 shown in FIG. 4 . In FIG. 5 , the horizontal axis represents the output voltage U of the solar cell 110 , and the vertical axis represents the output power P of the solar cell 110 . As shown in FIG. 5 , the output power optimization circuit 120 continuously applies a disturbance to the output voltage of the solar cell 110 (indicated by upward and downward arrows in FIG. 5 ) and compares the current output power of the solar cell with the output power of the previous cycle. (in FIG. 5 , that is, paired adjacent points (A, B), (B, C), (C, D) and (D, E) in the A-E point in FIG. 5), the operating point of the solar cell 110 Real-time control and adjustment are performed, so that the tracking of the maximum power point can be realized (in the situation shown in Figure 5, the maximum power point is C, and its corresponding power and voltage are Pm and Um, respectively). Compared with the case where the power optimization circuit 120 is not used, the output power of the solar battery unit 100 according to this embodiment can be increased by at least 30%, and even can be increased by 130% in the case of insufficient light.
图6为按照本发明另一个实施例的汽车供电控制方法的流程图。FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for controlling power supply of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
为描述方便，假设本实施例被应用于图1所示的汽车供电系统。参见图6，在步骤610中，获取主储能单元200和副储能单元300的状态参数。该步骤可以借助安装在这些储能单元附近的传感器获取。For convenience of description, it is assumed that this embodiment is applied to the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 1 . Referring to FIG. 6 , in step 610 , the state parameters of the main energy storage unit 200 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 are obtained. This step can be acquired by means of sensors installed in the vicinity of these energy storage units.
接着在步骤620，根据获取的状态参数计算主储能单元和副储能单元的剩余电量。虽然上面已经以蓄电池为例给出了剩余电量的计算方式，但是应该理解的是也可以采用其它的方法来计算剩余电量。Then at step 620, the remaining power of the main energy storage unit and the auxiliary energy storage unit is calculated according to the acquired state parameters. Although the calculation method of the remaining power has been given above with the storage battery as an example, it should be understood that other methods can also be used to calculate the remaining power.
随后，在步骤630中，判断主储能单元200的剩余电量是否大于或等于第一阈值Th1，如果是，则进入步骤640，否则进入步骤650。Subsequently, in step 630 , it is judged whether the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is greater than or equal to the first threshold Th1 , if yes, go to step 640 , otherwise go to step 650 .
在步骤640中，使主储能单元200向汽车用电负载20供电并且使太阳能电池单元100向副储能单元300充电。In step 640 , make the main energy storage unit 200 supply power to the vehicle electric load 20 and make the solar battery unit 100 charge the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 .
在步骤650中，判断主储能单元200的剩余电量是否小于第二阈值Th2(假设第二阈值Th2小于第一阈值Th1)，如果是，则进入步骤660，否则进入步骤670。In step 650, it is determined whether the remaining power of the main energy storage unit 200 is less than the second threshold Th2 (assuming that the second threshold Th2 is smaller than the first threshold Th1), if yes, go to step 660, otherwise go to step 670.
在步骤660中，太阳能电池单元100和副储能单元300向主储能单元200充电。In step 660 , the solar battery unit 100 and the auxiliary energy storage unit 300 charge the main energy storage unit 200 .
在步骤670中，由于主储能单元的剩余电量小于第一阈值Th1但大于第二阈值Th2，因此使太阳能电池100和主储能单元200向汽车用电负载20供电。In step 670 , since the remaining power of the main energy storage unit is less than the first threshold Th1 but greater than the second threshold Th2 , the solar battery 100 and the main energy storage unit 200 supply power to the automobile load 20 .
由于可以在不背离本发明基本特征的精神下，以各种形式实施本发明，因此本实施方式是说明性的而不是限制性的，由于本发明的范围由所附权利要求定义，而不是由说明书定义，因此落入权利要求的边界和界限内的所有变化，或这种权利要求边界和界限的等同物因而被权利要求包涵。Since the invention can be embodied in various forms without departing from the essential characteristics of the invention, the embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by All changes that come within the metes and bounds of the claims as defined by the description, or equivalents of such metes and bounds, are hereby embraced by the claims.
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| CN201010620197.0ACN102570905B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Vehicle power supply system using solar energy and vehicle power supply control method |
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| CN201010620197.0ACN102570905B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Vehicle power supply system using solar energy and vehicle power supply control method |
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