Background technology
The plant repair and enhancement technology is meant means such as utilizing biology, chemistry, physics, the change pollutant have a form, improve the growing environment of plant, with the repair ability of raising plant to pollutant, make phytoremediation technology move towards commercialization.The plant reinforcement technique is primarily aimed at soil and two aspects of plant: start with from soil (1); Through to the soil application chemical substance; Change the occurrence patterns of pollutant in soil; Make it from changing to water-soluble attitude and exchange state with the attitude that combines of soil; Thereby improve its utilizability in plant (document 1:Ernst W H O, Nelissen H J M.Life-cycle phases ofa zinc-and cadmium-resistant ecotype of Silene vulgaris in riskassessment of polymetallic mine soils [J] .Environ Pollut.2000,107:329-338.); (2) start with from plant; Under the prerequisite that does not occur poisoning plant; On the one hand according to the mechanism of plant absorbing with the transhipment pollutant; Improve plant shoot and divide tractive force, impel the pollutant in the soil to accomplish smoothly from soil → plant rhizosphere, by the transmission course of root system of plant → plant stem-leaf to pollutant; On the other hand through chemistry or agronomy means regulation and control growth and development of plant; To obtain higher biological yield; The higher phytoremediation efficient (document 2: Chen Yucheng of final acquisition; Xiong Shuanlian, Xiong Zhiting. surfactant is strengthened the feasibility of heavy metal pollution phytoremediation. ecological environment .2004,13 (2): 243.246).
Plant hormone is the adjusting material that plant self produces.The plant hormone of generally acknowledging at present has five types, i.e. auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), the basic element of cell division (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethene (ET).Plant hormone through promote the plant growth, regulate plant physiological metabolism or and heavy metal chelating; To reach a large amount of absorption heavy metals or to reduce the repairing effect (document 3: Sun Yuebing of the toxicity raising plant of heavy metal; Zhou Qixing; Guo Guanlin. the enhancements of phytoremediation heavy-metal contaminated soil. the environmental project journal, 2007,1:103-110.).L ó pez et al. (2005) discovers; When in the nutrient solution of 0.2mmol Pb, adding the EDTA of 100 μ m IAA and 0.2mmol; The content of Pb has not increased by 28 and 6 times of (document 4:L ó pez M.L., Peralta, Videa J.R. respectively than adding any material and only adding EDTA in non-super enriching plant Medicago sativa (alfalfa) blade; Benitez T.; Et al.Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using EDTA and a plant growth promoter.Chemosphere, 2005,61:595-598.).Liu et al. (2007) only adds EDTA in solution; Overground part Pb content has increased by 87.1%; And when adding EDTA and 10 or 100 μ M IAA; Its overground part has increased by 149.2% and 243.7% respectively; Also increased by 33.2% and 83.7% respectively than adding single EDTA, demonstrate EDTA and IAA get aspect the plant absorbing Pb collaborative facilitation (document 5:Liu D.Li T Yang X et al.Enhancement of lead uptakeby hyperaccumulator plant species Sedum alfredii Hance using EDTAand IAA.Bull Environ Contam Toxicol.2007,78:280-283.).Under soil nickel, Cd pollutional condition; Spray plant hormone class herbicide 2 to corn seedling; 4-D finds that the low dosage herbicide makes that Ni does not apply increase by 28.7% and 29.3% respectively with Cd content in the plant roots, and overground part Ni and Cd content increase by 11.6% and 10.5% respectively; High concentration handles then that Ni and Cd content increase by 73.5% and 57.4% respectively in the plant roots, and overground part Ni and Cd content increase by 54.2% and 41.2%.Be that plant hormone class herbicide has been strengthened the absorption of plant to heavy metal.It possibly mechanism be the variation (document 6: Guo Dongsheng that causes some aspect of plant metabolism generation with the HORMONE TREATMENT plant of low concentration or high concentration; Xi Yuying; Wang Aiying. plant hormone class herbicide absorbs the influence of heavy metal to corn seedling. agriculture environmental protection; 1999,18 (4): 183-184.).
Surfactant (surfactant) is meant and can obviously changes the interfacial property of system and the material of state that it has hydrophilic and lipophilicity, thereby in environmental science, is commonly used to remove organic or inorganic pollutant in the environment.Biosurfactant mainly is through itself being adsorbed on the soil particle surface to the desorb of heavy metal; Occupied the adsorption site on soil particle surface; Weakened adsorption capacity (document 7:David C H, Janick F A, the Raina M M.Removal of cadmium of soil particle to heavy metal; Lead, and zinc from soil by a rhamnolipid biosurfactant [J] .EnvironSci Technol.1995 (29): 2280-2285.).Hong et al. (2002) studies with the heavy metal that saponin is removed in 3 kinds of different soils (clay, sandy soil and contain the soil of a large amount of organic matters).Find that saponin has reached 90%-100% and 85%-98% (document 8:Hong K J respectively to the clearance of Cu and Zn; TokunaGA S; Kajiuchi T.Evaluation ofremediation process with plant-derived biosurfactant for recoveryof heavy metals from contaminated soils [J] .Chemosphere; 2002,49 (4): 379-387.).Add 1mmol/kgTX-100 before Wang Liwei etc. (2004) discover sowing, before results, add 5mmol/kg EDTA simultaneously, the maximum amount that corn, potherb mustard absorb copper is respectively 19.43; 13.87g/plant, for the contrast 3.55 and 10.06 times, reached significance (p<0.05) (document 9: Wang Liwei; Chen Yucheng; Dong Shanyan. surfactant and chelating agent are to the influence of plant absorbing Cd and Cu. Agricultural University Of Southwest's journal (natural science edition), 2004,26 (6) 745-749).Surfactant can produce collaborative solubilization to organic pollution; Can reduce the interfacial tension of lyophobic dust, promote desorb and the dissolving of PAHs, thereby improve biological restoration efficient (document 10: Zhu Lizhong; Feng Shaoliang; Mixed surfactant is to the solubilization and the mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2002,22 (6): 774-778; Document 11:Wang SL; Mulligan CN.An evaluation of surfactant foam technology in remediation ofcontaminated soil.Chemosphere; 2004; 57:1079-1089.), surfactant can promote degradation (document 12:Sobisch, the T. of microorganism to organic pollution in addition; Heb, H.; Niebelschutz; Schmidt, U.Effect of additives on biodegradationof PAHs in soils.Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.A.2000,162,1-14.).LAS and CTAB all are beneficial to the desorb of diesel oil at soil surface; And the desorption effect of LAS is better. the adsorbance of diesel oil reduces with the rising of LAS concentration. when the concentration of CTAB during less than critical micelle concentration (CMC); Adsorbance raises with the rising of CTAB concentration; When the concentration of CTAB is equal to or greater than critical micelle concentration; Adsorbance with the rising of CTAB concentration reduce (document 13: Zhang Jinghuan and once spattered brightness, the influence that surfactant adsorbs in soil diesel oil. Environmental Chemistry .2007,26 (5): 610-613.).Gao Yanzheng (2004) discovers the luxuriant and rich with fragrance and flower in the Tween80 ability enhancement of plant absorption and accumulation solution.Nutrient solution Sino-Philippines with the flower initial concentration be 1.0 during with 0.12mg/L; Low concentration Tween80 (<13.2mg/L) can significantly strengthen rye grass and red clover absorption phenanthrene and pyrene; When concentration is 6.6mg/L; Facilitation is the strongest, and root and cauline leaf are Sino-Philippines to be 216% of no Tween80 control treatment with flower content, accumulation, concentration coefficient; High concentration Tween80 (>39.6mg/L) then can suppress the luxuriant and rich with fragrance and pyrene (document 14: Gao Yanzheng of root and cauline leaf absorption and accumulation; Ling Wanting; Zhu Li is medium. and rye grass is to the repair and the mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution. agricultural environment science journal .2005,24 (3): 498-502.).Surfactant synergy recovery technique is high with its efficient, the cycle is short, has become one of main method of soil organic and inorganic pollution reparation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts:
1. method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil; It is characterized in that: in cadmium-benzo [a] pyrene combined contamination soil, add gibberellin and Tween80; Implant Prosthesis plant then, and then reach the purpose of reparation cadmium-benzo [a] pyrene combined contamination soil.
2. by the described method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: add 3mmol Tween80+1mmol gibberellin or 3mmol Tween80+5mmol gibberellin Combined Processing in said every kilogram of cadmium-benzo [a] pyrene combined contamination soil.
3. by the described method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rehabilitation plant of said plantation is a maidenhair, when treating that plant grows to the maturity period plant integral body is removed.
4. by the described method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil of claim 3; It is characterized in that: the said maidenhair of in Cd-B [a] P combined contamination soil, planting; Regularly water, make soil moisture content remain on the 65%-85% of field capacity.
5. by the described method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper soll layer the Implant Prosthesis plant covers the thick sand of 2-3cm.
6. by the described method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: every kilogram of combined contamination soil heavily adds 3mmolTween80 and 1mmol gibberellin Combined Processing helps the extraction reparation to Cd in the combined contamination soil most; Every kilogram of combined contamination soil heavily adds 3mmol Tween80 and 5mmol gibberellin Combined Processing is beneficial to B [a] P that removes in the combined contamination soil most.
7. by the described method of utilizing the combined reinforced reparation cadmium-benzo of gibberellin-Tween80 [a] pyrene combined contamination soil of claim 1; It is characterized in that: Implant Prosthesis plant on combined contamination soil, rehabilitation plant absorption of contaminants from the contaminated soil, when rehabilitation plant grows to the maturity period; The results plant; Plant second batch of rehabilitation plant again, repeat aforesaid operations, the cadmium-benzo in soil [a] pyrene pollutant reaches environmental safety standard; The rehabilitation plant of removing shines dry doubling and is transferred to other local concentrated burning.
The advantage that the present invention had:
1. the present invention adopts and to add single gibberellin and can both promote the plant growth with the gibberellin of Combined Processing, shows as phytomass and appears in varying degrees and increase.
2. the present invention adds Tween80 and helps improving cadmium and benzo [a] pyrene biological available state in soil, thereby promotes absorption and the accumulation of plant to cadmium and benzo [a] pyrene.
3. the present invention more helps repairing cadmium-benzo [a] pyrene composite soil with gibberellin and Tween80 Combined Processing, can obviously improve the repairing effect of plant to cadmium and benzo [a] pyrene.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The experiment place is located in Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences solarium, and pot experiment soil picks up from this pollution-free area, station table soil (0-20cm), and soil types is a meadow burozem.Combined pollution concentration B [a] P 5mg/kg+Cd 20mg/kg during all are handled; Discover; When Tween80 concentration is 3mmol/kg; It is maximum that maidenhair and four-o'clock biomass reach, the strongest to Cd and B [a] P absorbability, thus in this experiment with the concentration of Tween80 be made as 3mmol/kg (document 15: Sun Yuebing. heavy metal-PAHs combined pollution phytoremediation technology and enhancements thereof. the .2010. of Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences).After will supplying that examination soil is air-dry and crossing the 4mm sieve,, add few part and supply in the examination soil earlier with the required B of acetone solution [a] P, treat that acetone volatilizees fully after, the 3-5d that promptly volatilizees admixes them in whole confessions examination soil abundant mixing.Amount to 7 processing then, be respectively the GA (T that adds 1mmol in every kilogram of combined contamination soil
2), the GA (T of 3mmol
3), the GA (T of 5mmol
4), 1mmolGA and 3mmolTween80 (T
5), 3mmol GA and 3mmolTween80 (T
6), 5mmolGA and 3mmol Tween80 (T
7) and do not add any surfactant and HORMONE TREATMENT is made as blank CK (T
1).Hormone sprays on blade with the form of liquid.In the plastic tub of packing into behind the mixing (
H=11cm); Every basin is adorned native 1kg; Balance is for use after 2 week, and each handles repetition 3 times.Carry out flower seedling raising simultaneously, soil, river sand, vermiculite are packed in the dish of cave into program request maidenhair and four-o'clock seed, maintenance ground moistening according to 7: 2: 1 part by weight mixing.Behind the 40-50d, seedling grows 4-6 sheet true leaf, chooses the consistent immigration of growing way and handles in the basin 3 in every basin.With the rhizosphere bag soil is divided into rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil.According to the rich scarce situation of soil moisture, irregularly water, soil moisture content is often remained on about the 65-85% of field capacity.
Herborization appearance and soil sample are divided into root, stem and leaf 3 parts with the plant sample of results, fully wash with removal with running water respectively and adhere to earth and dirt on the plant sample, and then use deionized water rinsing, the drop branch that anhydrates.Under 65 ℃, dry, pulverize subsequent use after the weighing dry weight to weight.Soil places under the room temperature dark place air-dry, crosses 20 mesh sieves, and is to be analyzed.
B [a] P assay method:
Soil and plant sample method for distilling reference literature Song Yu virtue etc. (1995) and Gao Yan such as levy at (2005) [document 13: Song Yufang; Qu Ziqing; Sun Tiehang. the research of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil, the plant sample (PAHs) analytical method. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1995,6 (1): 92-96; Document 14: Gao Yanzheng, Zhu Lizhong, Ling Wanting, etc. the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analytical method research of soil and plant sample. agricultural environment science journal, 2005,24 (5): 1003-1006.].Extracting the back analyzes with gas-chromatography (GC). analysis condition: DB-25 capillary chromatographic column (30m * 0.25mm * 0.25 μ m); Adopt the auto injection mode; Injection port does not have shunt mode, 250 ℃ of temperature; Post flow 115ml/min; Post case initial temperature keeps 1min for 80 ℃, is raised to 275 ℃ with 15 ℃/min and keeps 1min, is raised to 285 ℃ with 10 ℃/min and keeps 1min, is raised to 295 ℃ with 5 ℃/min again and keeps 1min; 300 ℃ of flame ionization ditector (FID) temperature.
The data of all detections all repeat 3 times, with the computing of Microsoft Excel 2003 values of averaging and standard deviation, represent with Mean ± SD form on computers.And utilize least significant difference test (LSD test) to carry out plant sample significance of difference test (referring to table 1, table 2, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
Experimental result is following:
Can know that referring to Fig. 1 different disposal all promotes the g and D of maidenhair, the plant height and the biomass that show as plant all increase to some extent.Single concentration GA handles down, along with the increase plant shoot biomass that adds concentration also increases thereupon, compares with contrast, and the biomass of maidenhair has increased 13.47%-32.19%.Add Tween80 and GA when simultaneously, phytomass also increases and increases along with GA content, and the biomass of comparing maidenhair with contrast has increased 22.66%-54.83%.Can find out, add Tween80 and GA simultaneously collaborative facilitation is got in the growth of plant that compare with single the processing with concentration GA, the maidenhair biomass has increased 7.89%-17.12% under the Combined Processing.Wherein at (T7) when handling, it is maximum that phytomass reaches.The biomass that improves maidenhair under Tween80 and the GA Combined Processing more than has been described, has more been helped being used for repairing Cd-B [a] P combined contamination soil.
What table 1 was represented is the interior Cd content of peacock cursive script under the different disposal.Can find out that the interior Cd content of peacock cursive script shows as leaf>stem>root, overground part>root under the different disposal.Wherein leaf of plant and overground part Cd surpass Cd super enriching plant critical content standard in T1, T5, T6 and T7 handle.Apply GA and suppress of the absorption of plant each several part Cd; Compare with contrast; Root, stem, leaf and overground part Cd content have reduced 12.08%-49.58%, 15.66%-19.59%, 16.22%-39.91% and 18.03%-49.89% respectively, and its each several part Cd content is along with GA adds the increase of concentration and minimizing gradually.Promote the absorption of maidenhair to Cd under Tween80 and the GA Combined Processing, comparing overground part with contrast has increased 1.11%-31.56%.Compare with single the processing with concentration GA, root, stem, leaf and overground part have increased 1.29-2.51,0.15-0.52,0.75-1.09 and 0.52-0.72 respectively doubly under the Combined Processing.Wherein at (T5) under the Combined Processing, it is maximum that plant each several part Cd content reaches, root, stem, leaf and overground part reach 91.09,107.04,207.08 and 158.11mg/kg respectively, and wherein overground part Cd content is significantly higher than other processing (p<0.05).
Cd content in the peacock cursive script under table 1 different disposal
Can know referring to Fig. 2; Cd overwhelming majority in the peacock cursive script concentrates on overground part, accounts for the 89.12%-96.21% of whole plants, can promote the plant growth although add GA; If but the biomass that increases can not be offset the content of beary metal that reduces in its body, the accumulation of heavy metal shows as reduction.Promote the plant shoot growth when single GA handles, but reduction appears in overground part Cd content, so the Cd accumulation increases and reduces along with GA concentration.Compare with contrast, overground part Cd accumulation has reduced 3.64%-11.45%.Under Tween80 and the GA Combined Processing, overground part and root Cd accumulation significantly increase (p<0.05), compare with contrast, have increased 1.89-2.31 and 0.57-0.82 respectively doubly.Compare with single the processing with concentration GA, plant shoot Cd accumulation has increased 70.31%-88.62% under the Combined Processing, and handles T at compound5The time maidenhair overground part Cd content reach maximum, be 1041.94 μ g/pot.
What table 2 was represented is under the different disposal, plant each several part B [a] P content.Can know by table 2, compare that add and suppress the absorption of maidenhair to B [a] P when single GA handles, plant each several part B [a] P content increases and reduces along with GA concentration with contrast.Wherein peacock grass roots, stem, leaf and overground part have reduced 6.02%-39.45% respectively, 9.72%-55.76%, 19.23%-51.06% and 14.80%-52.49%.And handling at GA-5 is that plant shoot B [a] P compares with contrast and (p<0.05) occurs significantly reducing.When GA and Tween80 Combined Processing, promote of the absorption of maidenhair each several part, compare that maidenhair each several part B [a] P content significantly increased under T5-T7 handled with contrast to B [a] P.Compare with contrast, maidenhair overground part B [a] P has increased 24.92%-122.86%, and it is maximum that maidenhair overground part B [a] P content reaches when the T6 Combined Processing, is 10.45mg/kg.Compare with single the processing with concentration GA, plant each several part B [a] P content all significantly increases (p<0.05) under the Combined Processing.
B [a] P content in the peacock cursive script under table 2 different disposal
Can be known by table 3, add single concentration GA, Cd and B [a] P reduces with the concentration increase at the concentration coefficient of maidenhair; Under the combined pollution condition, its concentration coefficient also increases and reduces along with GA.When the GA dosage was identical, adding of Tween80 promoted the absorption of plant to Cd and B [a] P, and plant has increased 51.52%-72.71% to the concentration coefficient of Cd; B [a] P concentration coefficient has increased 137.50%-196.92%, and all is higher than control treatment.Under single and the Combined Processing, transfer ratio is totally on a declining curve.
Under table 3 different disposal to the influence of plant absorbing Cd and B [a] P and pollutant reparative potential
It is 1.76%-5.21% (table 3) that maidenhair is extracted repair rate to Cd.Add the GA of single concentration, plant totally reduces the remediation efficiency of Cd; When GA and Tween80 Combined Processing, significantly promote removal to Cd, to compare with contrast, maidenhair has increased 1.62%-2.34% to the Cd clearance.Equally, plant also will be higher than single processing to Cd and B [a] P recovery rate under the Combined Processing.In the different disposal, the T5 Combined Processing is handled the most favourable maidenhair and is repaired the Cd contaminated soil, and its recovery rate is higher than other processing.Different disposal has all improved the removal (T2 handle maidenhair except) of maidenhair to B [a] P, surpasses 1.01%-7.24%; GA and Tween80 Combined Processing, plant is better than single GA processing to the removal effect of B [a] P.Wherein the T7GA Combined Processing is handled and is helped the reparation to B [a] P most, and B [a] P clearance is maximum.
Above-mentioned experimental result shows, under GA and the Tween80 Combined Processing, significantly improves the g and D of plant, promotes absorption and the accumulation of plant to Cd and B [a] P.Wherein, the T5 Combined Processing helps extracting the Cd that repairs in the combined contamination soil most; And the processing of T7 Combined Processing helps combined contamination soil B [a] P is removed most.So, utilize suitable concentration GA and Tween80 to handle and help repairing Cd-B [a] P combined contamination soil.