技术领域technical field
本发明属于立体显示技术领域，具体涉及一种裸眼立体显示系统及其方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of stereoscopic display, and in particular relates to a naked-eye stereoscopic display system and a method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着DLP、LED、LCD等技术的发展，视频显示技术正处于不断成熟的阶段，2008年末，平面显示器件的发展遇到了瓶颈；而2010年起，显示技术在一个新的领域找到了未来的发展方向——立体显示。With the development of DLP, LED, LCD and other technologies, video display technology is in the stage of continuous maturity. At the end of 2008, the development of flat-panel display devices encountered a bottleneck; and since 2010, display technology has found future opportunities in a new field. Development direction - three-dimensional display.
立体显示的基础是人的双目视差效应，指的是双眼看到同一物体的不同影像，这不同影像间的差异在大脑中合成时会产生视觉深度，让观众感受到立体感。目前的三维显示技术可以分为分光立体眼镜显示、自动分光立体显示、全息术和体立体显示4大类。The basis of stereoscopic display is the binocular parallax effect of humans, which means that two eyes see different images of the same object. When the differences between the different images are synthesized in the brain, it will produce visual depth, allowing the audience to feel a sense of three-dimensionality. The current three-dimensional display technology can be divided into four categories: spectroscopic stereoscopic glasses display, automatic spectroscopic stereoscopic display, holography and volumetric stereoscopic display.
其中，全息术和体三维显示技术虽然属于真三维显示的范畴，但是它们目前实现起来都面临很大的技术困难（空间光调制器（SLM）等核心器件性能有待提高、处理数据量大、需在较暗环境下观看等），预计在未来十年时间内还无法广泛推广。Among them, although holography and volumetric 3D display technologies belong to the category of true 3D display, they are currently facing great technical difficulties in their implementation (the performance of core devices such as spatial light modulators (SLMs) needs to be Viewing in darker environments, etc.), is not expected to be widely available in the next decade.
分光立体眼镜法是利用佩戴的眼镜对图像进行选择或适配，从视差图像中分选出左、右眼的需要观察的内容，观众的双眼分别观察到相应的视差图像之后，视觉欺骗效应会在大脑中将两幅附带视差信息的画面合成为具有视觉深度（即立体感）的图像，从而实现立体显示。眼镜式的立体显示方法最大的不足就是需要佩戴特殊的眼镜。首先，眼镜的佩戴时间不可以太久，否则容易感到疲劳；其次，近视和老花人士观看时除要佩戴立体眼镜外，还需戴上近视或老花眼镜，使用起来十分不便。此外，分光立体眼镜法的成本也较高，时分眼镜立体显示中的液晶光阀眼镜的售价在1500元左右，显示终端也较同尺寸的平面显示产品高3倍左右，而光分式眼镜立体显示中需要两台显示终端，会系统造价大幅度提高。The method of spectroscopic stereoscopic glasses is to use the glasses worn to select or adapt the images, and to sort out the content that needs to be observed by the left and right eyes from the parallax images. After the audience's eyes respectively observe the corresponding parallax images, the visual deception effect will be In the brain, two pictures with parallax information are synthesized into an image with visual depth (that is, stereoscopic effect), so as to realize stereoscopic display. The biggest disadvantage of the glasses-type stereoscopic display method is that special glasses need to be worn. First of all, the wearing time of the glasses should not be too long, otherwise it will be easy to feel tired; secondly, in addition to the stereo glasses, the nearsighted and presbyopic people also need to wear myopia or presbyopic glasses when viewing, which is very inconvenient to use. In addition, the cost of the spectroscopic stereoscopic glasses method is also relatively high. The price of the liquid crystal light valve glasses in the stereoscopic display of time-division glasses is about 1,500 yuan, and the display terminal is about 3 times higher than that of flat-screen display products of the same size. Two display terminals are required in stereoscopic display, which greatly increases the system cost.
自由分光立体显示技术，是为了克服分光立体眼镜显示方法中的致命缺陷——对眼镜的依赖，所提出的一种显示方法。自由分光立体显示主要包括以下的技术方向：The free spectroscopic stereoscopic display technology is a display method proposed in order to overcome the fatal flaw in the spectroscopic stereoscopic glasses display method—dependence on glasses. Free spectroscopic stereoscopic display mainly includes the following technical directions:
1.双视点双图像终端系统1. Dual-viewpoint dual-image terminal system
图1所示的立体成像系统是夏普公司的设计。单光源（Lightsource）发出的光经过分光器(Beam-splitter)分为两束，分别经两面反射镜反射后成为了装载了左右图像的LCD的背景光，背景光照亮LCD后，再次经过另一个分光器（Beam-Combiner），使得左眼LCD的光进入左眼，右眼LCD的光进入右眼，从而达到了双象的分离。这种方法的优点是亮度高、分辨率高，缺点是观察位置固定，只可以在特定的位置上看到立体的效果。The stereoscopic imaging system shown in Fig. 1 is a design of Sharp Corporation. The light emitted by a single light source (Lightsource) is divided into two beams by a beam splitter (Beam-splitter), and after being reflected by two mirrors, it becomes the background light of the LCD loaded with left and right images. After the background light illuminates the LCD, it passes through another beam again. A beam splitter (Beam-Combiner) makes the light of the left-eye LCD enter the left eye, and the light of the right-eye LCD enters the right eye, thus achieving the separation of the two images. The advantage of this method is high brightness and high resolution. The disadvantage is that the observation position is fixed, and the three-dimensional effect can only be seen at a specific position.
2.双视点单图像终端系统2. Dual-viewpoint single-image terminal system
（1）视差挡板技术（又称为障栅系统）(1) Parallax barrier technology (also known as barrier system)
视差挡板技术基本原理如图2所示。LCD平面A上奇偶交替地竖直的排列了分割为细条的照明亮线（白色部分，偶像素列）和暗条（黑色部分，奇像素列）。在双眼L、R和平面A之间放置一多狭缝挡板，使得左眼L只看到偶像素列的照明亮线，右眼R只看到奇像素列的暗条，反之亦然，从而实现了双象的分离。图片A的记录可采用单相机法或多相机法。两种记录方法都在照相底片前放置多狭缝板。视差挡板立体显示的缺点有：水平显示的像素数减半；显示的亮度不高；视差挡板和像素之间容易产生莫尔条纹；容易产生左右眼观察区域的反转（又称crosstalk）；观察视点比较固定。The basic principle of parallax barrier technology is shown in Figure 2. On the LCD plane A, there are alternately odd and even vertical lines divided into thin strips of illuminated bright lines (white parts, even pixel columns) and dark strips (black parts, odd pixel columns). A multi-slit baffle is placed between the eyes L, R and the plane A, so that the left eye L only sees the bright lines of the even pixel columns, and the right eye R only sees the dark bars of the odd pixel columns, and vice versa. Thereby the separation of the two images is realized. The recording of picture A can adopt single-camera method or multi-camera method. Both recording methods place a multi-slit plate in front of the photographic negative. The disadvantages of the parallax barrier stereoscopic display are: the number of pixels displayed horizontally is halved; the brightness of the display is not high; moiré fringes are easily generated between the parallax barrier and the pixels; it is easy to cause the inversion of the left and right eye viewing areas (also known as crosstalk) ; The observation point of view is relatively fixed.
为改进位置上的缺点，日本Sanyo公司开发出新的立体显示装置。该装置将光学挡板改为电子挡板，通过电压控制，使挡板在左右视点移动时跟着移动，同时液晶显示板、左右视区也能自动做出相应的位移。In order to improve the shortcomings of the position, Sanyo Corporation of Japan has developed a new stereoscopic display device. The device changes the optical baffle into an electronic baffle, and through voltage control, the baffle moves with the movement of the left and right viewpoints, and at the same time, the liquid crystal display panel and the left and right viewing areas can also automatically make corresponding displacements.
（2）微透镜柱面立体显示方式(2) Micro-lens cylindrical stereoscopic display mode
微透镜柱面屏是微透镜阵列板的简化模型，如图3所示。透镜柱面是由一排垂直排列的半圆形柱面透镜组成，利用每个柱面镜头对光的折射作用，将左右图像分别折射到左右眼，使左眼图像聚焦于左眼，右眼图像聚焦于右眼，从而产生深度感。该方法产生的图像丰富真实，适合大屏幕显示，运用精密的成形手段，使每个透镜的截面达到微米级，从而支持更高的分辨率。The microlens cylindrical screen is a simplified model of the microlens array plate, as shown in Figure 3. The lens cylinder is composed of a row of vertically arranged semicircular cylindrical lenses. Using the refraction effect of each cylindrical lens on light, the left and right images are respectively refracted to the left and right eyes, so that the left eye image is focused on the left eye and the right eye. The image is focused on the right eye, creating a sense of depth. The image produced by this method is rich and real, suitable for large-screen display, and the cross-section of each lens can reach the micron level by using precise forming methods, thereby supporting higher resolution.
1995年，日本Sanyo公司推出的40英寸三维投影系统即采用了经过改进的双柱镜屏技术。用两台投影机分别把左右眼视像投射到双柱面屏上，由于双柱面屏的作用，使得两种像分别达到人的左眼和右眼，从而实现立体视觉。In 1995, the 40-inch three-dimensional projection system launched by Sanyo of Japan used the improved double-column mirror screen technology. Two projectors are used to project the left and right eye images onto the double-cylindrical screen. Due to the effect of the double-cylindrical screen, the two images reach the left eye and the right eye of the person respectively, thereby realizing stereoscopic vision.
该方法的缺点有：观察视点比较固定；水平的像素数减半；透镜和LCD的对焦难度较大；存在左右观察视区的反转。The disadvantages of this method are: the observation point of view is relatively fixed; the number of horizontal pixels is halved; the focusing of the lens and LCD is difficult; there is an inversion of the left and right observation areas.
3多视点系统3 multi-view system
双视点系统由于只能显示一幅立体图像，所以只可以单人观看，而且观看位置比较固定。更接近现实的情况是实现多人从不同角度同时观看到不同的立体图像，于是人们研究了多视点系统，其中代表是PHILIPS公司。Since the dual-viewpoint system can only display one stereoscopic image, it can only be watched by a single person, and the viewing position is relatively fixed. The situation that is closer to reality is to realize that many people watch different stereoscopic images from different angles at the same time, so people have studied the multi-viewpoint system, and the representative is PHILIPS company.
PHILIPS公司对于立体显示技术的研究是基于传统的微柱面透镜方法工作的。其立体液晶显示器在液晶显示屏前加一层微柱状透镜网格，液晶屏的像平面位于透镜阵列的焦平面上。每一个微柱透镜对应的图像像素被分为若干个子像素，以适应不同方向的投影需要。为防止像素间的间隙放大，该公司创新地将子像素交叉地排列起来，原理如图4所示。为使每组子像素重复投射视区，该技术另一改进之处是使柱透镜与像素列成一定角度放置。这种结构的优点是：削弱左右视区交界处的黑条纹对比度和图像比例变形问题减弱。但是，因为其采用多视点显示，所以显示的分辨率将会成倍下降。另外，微透镜住网格的造价也非常的昂贵，限制了此技术的推广。PHILIPS company's research on stereoscopic display technology is based on the traditional micro-cylindrical lens method. Its three-dimensional liquid crystal display adds a layer of micro-cylindrical lens grids in front of the liquid crystal display, and the image plane of the liquid crystal screen is located on the focal plane of the lens array. The image pixel corresponding to each microcylindrical lens is divided into several sub-pixels to meet the needs of projection in different directions. In order to prevent the gap between pixels from being enlarged, the company innovatively arranges the sub-pixels in a crossed manner, as shown in Figure 4. In order to make each group of sub-pixels repeatedly project the viewing area, another improvement of this technology is to place the cylindrical lens at an angle to the pixel column. The advantage of this structure is that the contrast of the black stripes at the junction of the left and right viewing areas is weakened, and the problem of image scale distortion is weakened. However, because it uses multi-viewpoint display, the resolution of the display will be reduced exponentially. In addition, the cost of the micro-lens grid is also very expensive, which limits the promotion of this technology.
根据上面关于立体显示技术的介绍可知，目前市面上最常用的两种立体显示技术——分光立体眼镜显示和自动分光立体显示各有自身无法克服的缺点。分光立体眼镜显示技术（眼镜式立体显示）在使用时具有很大的限制，而且配戴眼镜会为观众带来不适感。According to the introduction about the stereoscopic display technology above, it can be seen that the two most commonly used stereoscopic display technologies on the market at present—spectroscopic stereoscopic display and automatic spectroscopic stereoscopic display each have their own insurmountable shortcomings. Spectroscopic stereoscopic glasses display technology (glasses-type stereoscopic display) has great limitations in use, and wearing glasses will bring discomfort to viewers.
自由分光立体显示技术（裸眼式立体显示）中双视角双图像终端系统无法克服观看位置固定的缺点,而双视角单图像终端系统和多视角系统无法克服容易造成观众处于视觉盲区或者左右眼图像反转的观察区域，而产生昏眩感的缺点，以及图像亮度低、分辨率减半的限制。In the free spectroscopic stereoscopic display technology (naked-eye stereoscopic display), the dual-view dual-image terminal system cannot overcome the shortcomings of fixed viewing positions, while the dual-view single-image terminal system and multi-view system cannot overcome the problem that the audience is likely to be in the visual blind spot or the images of the left and right eyes are reversed. The disadvantage of dizziness caused by the rotating observation area, and the limitation of low image brightness and half resolution.
因此，鉴于以上现有的立体成像技术的缺点，提供一种可裸眼观看、能消除昏眩感、亮度较高、成本低、成像立体效果强的立体显示系统实为必要。Therefore, in view of the above shortcomings of the existing stereoscopic imaging technology, it is necessary to provide a stereoscopic display system that can be viewed with naked eyes, can eliminate dizziness, has high brightness, low cost, and has a strong imaging stereoscopic effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单、性能可靠、成本低、成像立体效果强的裸眼立体显示系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a naked-eye stereoscopic display system with simple structure, reliable performance, low cost and strong imaging stereoscopic effect.
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种成像立体效果强的裸眼立体显示方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a naked-eye stereoscopic display method with strong imaging stereoscopic effect.
一种裸眼立体显示系统，包括：空间光调节器、光学系统和二元光学投影屏；A naked-eye stereoscopic display system, comprising: a spatial light regulator, an optical system, and a binary optical projection screen;
所述空间光调节器输出左眼和右眼立体图像信号，所述光学系统对所述左眼和右眼立体图像信号进行多种调节控制和放大处理，然后投射到所述二元光学投影屏上，二元光学投影屏根据将经过光学系统处理的立体图像信号进行会聚，并向用户投射图像。The spatial light modulator outputs left-eye and right-eye stereoscopic image signals, and the optical system performs various adjustment controls and amplification processing on the left-eye and right-eye stereoscopic image signals, and then projects them onto the binary optical projection screen On the screen, the binary optical projection screen converges the stereoscopic image signals processed by the optical system, and projects the image to the user.
所述空间光调节器包括第一空间光调节模块和第二空间光调节模块，所述第一空间光调节模块用于输出左眼立体图像信号，所述第二空间光调节模块用于输出右眼立体图像信号。The spatial light adjuster includes a first spatial light adjustment module and a second spatial light adjustment module, the first spatial light adjustment module is used to output left-eye stereoscopic image signals, and the second spatial light adjustment module is used to output right-eye stereoscopic image signals. Eye stereo image signal.
所述光学系统包括与所述第一空间光调节模块相对应的第一光学调节模块，以及与所述第二空间光调节模块相对应的第二光学调节模块。The optical system includes a first optical adjustment module corresponding to the first spatial light adjustment module, and a second optical adjustment module corresponding to the second spatial light adjustment module.
所述光学系统包括光源和光学透镜组，所述光源的照明方式为临界照明或柯拉照明，所述光学透镜组D1为透镜组的出瞳大小，Df为菲涅尔透镜孔径，D0为观看光斑大小。L为光组到菲涅尔透镜的距离，L’为观看距离。L、L’之间的关系同样符合高斯公式。D0大小和位置由D1、L和菲涅尔透镜焦距F决定。The optical system includes a light source and an optical lens group. The illumination mode of the light source is critical illumination or Kolar illumination. The optical lens group D1 is the exit pupil size of the lens group, Df is the Fresnel lens aperture, and D0 is the viewing angle. Spot size. L is the distance from the light group to the Fresnel lens, and L' is the viewing distance. The relationship between L and L' also conforms to the Gaussian formula. The size and position of D0 are determined by D1, L and the focal length F of the Fresnel lens.
上式中，F为菲涅尔镜焦距，m为菲涅尔透镜关于D1的横向放大率，m=L’/L.In the above formula, F is the focal length of the Fresnel lens, m is the lateral magnification of the Fresnel lens with respect to D1, m=L’/L.
光学镜头的出瞳为镜头内光阑在像空间所成的像透镜组的出瞳大小取决于其孔径光阑的位置和大小。若一个镜头的光圈数为F/#，则由以下光学关系F2/#=f/DThe exit pupil of the optical lens is the image formed by the internal diaphragm of the lens in the image space. The size of the exit pupil of the lens group depends on the position and size of its aperture diaphragm. If the aperture number of a lens is F/#, the following optical relationship is F2 /#=f/D
上式中f2为镜头焦距大小，D为出瞳的大小。In the aboveformula , f2 is the focal length of the lens, and D is the size of the exit pupil.
所述空间光调节器与光学透镜组的位置关系如下：The positional relationship between the spatial light adjuster and the optical lens group is as follows:
上式中f为光学透镜组的焦距，l为空间光调节器和光学透镜组的距离，L为光学透镜组和二元光学投影屏之间的距离。In the above formula, f is the focal length of the optical lens group, l is the distance between the spatial light adjuster and the optical lens group, and L is the distance between the optical lens group and the binary optical projection screen.
所述二元光学投影屏为菲涅尔透镜屏。The binary optical projection screen is a Fresnel lens screen.
本发明的第二个发明目的提供的一种裸眼立体显示方法，包括，空间光调节器、与空间光调节器相对应的光学系统和与光学系统相对应的二元光学投影屏；The second invention objective of the present invention provides a naked-eye three-dimensional display method, including a spatial light adjuster, an optical system corresponding to the spatial light adjuster, and a binary optical projection screen corresponding to the optical system;
所述方法包括以下步骤：The method comprises the steps of:
1）空间光调节器分别发出左右两路立体图像信号；1) The spatial light modulator sends out the left and right stereoscopic image signals respectively;
2）光学系统对所述左眼和右眼立体图像信号进行多种调节控制和放大处理，然后投射到所述二元光学投影屏上；2) The optical system performs various adjustment controls and amplification processing on the left-eye and right-eye stereoscopic image signals, and then projects them onto the binary optical projection screen;
3）二元光学投影屏根据将经过光学系统处理的立体图像信号进行会聚，并向用户投射图像。3) The binary optical projection screen converges the stereoscopic image signals processed by the optical system, and projects the image to the user.
所述光学系统包括光源和光学透镜组，所述光学透镜组与二元光学投影屏之间匹配成像的控制方法为：The optical system includes a light source and an optical lens group, and the control method for matching imaging between the optical lens group and the binary optical projection screen is as follows:
上式中，D1为光学透镜组的出瞳大小，Df为菲涅尔透镜孔径，D0为向用户投射图像的观看光斑大小；L为光学透镜组与二元光学投影屏之间的距离，L’为观看距离；D0大小和位置由D1、L和菲涅尔透镜焦距F决定，f为二元光学投影屏的焦距，m为二元光学投影屏关于D1的横向放大率，m=L’/L。In the above formula, D1 is the exit pupil size of the optical lens group, Df is the Fresnel lens aperture, D0 is the viewing spot size of the image projected to the user; L is the distance between the optical lens group and the binary optical projection screen distance, L' is the viewing distance; the size and position of D0 are determined by D1 , L and the focal length F of the Fresnel lens, f is the focal length of the binary optical projection screen, and m is the lateral magnification of the binary optical projection screen with respect to D1 Rate, m=L'/L.
所述空间光调节器与光学透镜组的之间成像的控制方法如下：The imaging control method between the spatial light adjuster and the optical lens group is as follows:
上式中f为光学透镜组的焦距，l为空间光调节器和光学透镜组的距离，L为光学透镜组和二元光学投影屏之间的距离。In the above formula, f is the focal length of the optical lens group, l is the distance between the spatial light adjuster and the optical lens group, and L is the distance between the optical lens group and the binary optical projection screen.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:
由于本发明采取一种空分法来实现立体视觉，但是不同于传统的空分法，本发明最大的优点就是图像源的空间占有量小，所以可以实现空分复用，在保持亮度的情况下可以保持高的分辨率。一般的裸眼立体显示系统，其定向偏折的功能多由柱状透镜阵列或视差挡板构成，但是图像源是由LCD液晶屏充当，为了和偏折部件进行匹配，不得不牺牲一般的分辨率；另外，采取时分方法则会牺牲一部分乃至一半以上的亮度。而分辨率和亮度不下降则是本发明最大的优点。Because the present invention adopts a space division method to realize stereoscopic vision, but different from the traditional space division method, the biggest advantage of the present invention is that the space occupation of the image source is small, so space division multiplexing can be realized. high resolution can be maintained. In general naked-eye stereoscopic display systems, the directional deflection function is mostly composed of a lenticular lens array or a parallax barrier, but the image source is an LCD liquid crystal screen. In order to match the deflection components, the general resolution has to be sacrificed; In addition, the time-division method will sacrifice part or even more than half of the brightness. And resolution and luminance do not drop is the biggest advantage of the present invention.
其次，由于本发明利用改进后的二元菲涅尔屏实现了图像源的定向传播，而显示中，人眼观看电视时所接收到得光能量是很小的，基于这一点，本发明能大大减少电视系统在光学方面的能量损失。Secondly, because the present invention utilizes the improved binary Fresnel screen to realize the directional transmission of the image source, and in the display, the light energy received by human eyes when watching TV is very small. Based on this, the present invention can Greatly reduce the optical energy loss of the TV system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有技术的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art;
图2为现有技术采用视差挡板技术的示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the prior art using parallax barrier technology;
图3为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图4为本发明的成像示意图；Fig. 4 is the imaging schematic diagram of the present invention;
图5为本发明中空间光调节器、光学透镜组和二元光学聚焦屏三者之间的关系示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the spatial light adjuster, the optical lens group and the binary optical focusing screen in the present invention;
图6为本发明中光斑成像原理示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of spot imaging in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
如图3所示，本发明提供一种裸眼立体显示系统，包括：空间光调节器、光学系统和二元光学投影屏；As shown in Figure 3, the present invention provides a naked-eye stereoscopic display system, comprising: a spatial light adjuster, an optical system, and a binary optical projection screen;
所述空间光调节器输出左眼和右眼立体图像信号，所述光学系统对所述左眼和右眼立体图像信号进行多种调节控制和放大处理，然后投射到所述二元光学投影屏上，二元光学投影屏根据将经过光学系统处理的立体图像信号进行会聚，并向用户投射图像。The spatial light modulator outputs left-eye and right-eye stereoscopic image signals, and the optical system performs various adjustment controls and amplification processing on the left-eye and right-eye stereoscopic image signals, and then projects them onto the binary optical projection screen On the screen, the binary optical projection screen converges the stereoscopic image signals processed by the optical system, and projects the image to the user.
其中，空间光调制器（SLM）可以用LCos、DMD、LCD等图像芯片。Among them, the spatial light modulator (SLM) can use LCos, DMD, LCD and other image chips.
所述空间光调节器包括第一空间光调节模块和第二空间光调节模块，所述第一空间光调节模块用于输出左眼立体图像信号，所述第二空间光调节模块用于输出右眼立体图像信号。The spatial light adjuster includes a first spatial light adjustment module and a second spatial light adjustment module, the first spatial light adjustment module is used to output left-eye stereoscopic image signals, and the second spatial light adjustment module is used to output right-eye stereoscopic image signals. Eye stereo image signal.
立体图像信号主要由空间光调制器来调节，通过在左右两个空间光调制器上分别加载左右图像。由于现在LCos、LCD等空间光调制器的技术趋于成熟，很容易就可以在空间光调制器上加载视频图像。对于立体视频图像信号，主要解决两路视频的同步性问题。将左右两路立体视频信号同时加载在两个空间光调制器上主要由显卡的功能决定，目前市面上一般的支持3D的显卡都能提供两个显示输出接口，而且相应的立体视频播放软件也能提供同时播放两路左右视频的的功能。所以，本发明的视频图像信号接口能够与现有的视频接口兼容。The stereoscopic image signal is mainly adjusted by the spatial light modulator, and the left and right images are respectively loaded on the left and right spatial light modulators. Since the technologies of spatial light modulators such as LCos and LCD are becoming mature, it is easy to load video images on the spatial light modulator. For the stereoscopic video image signal, it mainly solves the synchronization problem of the two-way video. Loading the left and right stereoscopic video signals on the two spatial light modulators at the same time is mainly determined by the function of the graphics card. At present, the general 3D graphics cards on the market can provide two display output interfaces, and the corresponding stereoscopic video player software can also It can provide the function of playing two channels of left and right videos at the same time. Therefore, the video image signal interface of the present invention can be compatible with existing video interfaces.
所述光学系统包括与所述第一空间光调节模块相对应的第一光学调节模块，以及与所述第二空间光调节模块相对应的第二光学调节模块。The optical system includes a first optical adjustment module corresponding to the first spatial light adjustment module, and a second optical adjustment module corresponding to the second spatial light adjustment module.
所述光学系统包括光源和光学透镜组。The optical system includes a light source and an optical lens group.
其中所述光学透镜组具有将空间光调节器空间光调制器放大成像的作用。对于较好校正像差后的光学透镜组，其成像关系可以由高斯公式描述。Wherein the optical lens group has the function of magnifying and imaging the spatial light modulator of the spatial light modulator. For the optical lens group after better correction of aberration, its imaging relationship can be described by Gaussian formula.
如图4所示，物AB经过光学系统（H，H’）后成像于A’B’相应的具体参数如上图所示，物AB和像A’B’之间的空间关系由高斯公式描述：As shown in Figure 4, the object AB is imaged on A'B' after passing through the optical system (H, H'). :
其中L为空间光调制器到光学系统的距离，F为菲涅尔透镜的焦距。L’为人眼观看的距离。Where L is the distance from the spatial light modulator to the optical system, and F is the focal length of the Fresnel lens. L' is the viewing distance of human eyes.
如图5所示，物面为空间光调制器，光组为透镜组，像面在菲涅尔透镜上。空间光调制器通过光组后被透镜组放大成像于菲涅尔屏上，左右图像源分别对应两个空间光调制器，每个空间光调制器对应一个透镜组，但是左右图像经过放大后会被投射到同一个菲涅尔透镜上，菲涅尔透镜具有将左右图像分别投射到左右人眼的功能，此时，菲涅尔透镜的作用相当于场镜。As shown in FIG. 5 , the object plane is a spatial light modulator, the optical group is a lens group, and the image plane is on a Fresnel lens. After passing through the optical group, the spatial light modulator is magnified by the lens group and imaged on the Fresnel screen. The left and right image sources correspond to two spatial light modulators, and each spatial light modulator corresponds to a lens group, but the left and right images will be enlarged after being enlarged. It is projected onto the same Fresnel lens, and the Fresnel lens has the function of projecting the left and right images to the left and right human eyes respectively. At this time, the Fresnel lens acts as a field mirror.
对于光斑大小和位置的确定，其具体原理如图6所示，D1为光学透镜组的出瞳大小，Df为菲涅尔透镜孔径，D0为观看光斑大小。L为光组到菲涅尔透镜的距离，L’为观看距离。L、L’之间的关系同样符合高斯公式。D0大小和位置由D1、L和菲涅尔透镜焦距F决定。For the determination of the spot size and position, the specific principle is shown in Figure 6, D1 is the exit pupil size of the optical lens group, Df is the Fresnel lens aperture, and D0 is the viewing spot size. L is the distance from the light group to the Fresnel lens, and L' is the viewing distance. The relationship between L and L' also conforms to the Gaussian formula. The size and position of D0 are determined by D1 , L and the focal length F of the Fresnel lens.
上式中，F为菲涅尔镜焦距，m为菲涅尔透镜关于D1的横向放大率，m=L’/L。In the above formula, F is the focal length of the Fresnel lens, m is the lateral magnification of the Fresnel lens with respect to D1 , m=L'/L.
所述空间光调节器与光学透镜组的之间成像的控制方法如下：The imaging control method between the spatial light adjuster and the optical lens group is as follows:
上式中f为光学透镜组的焦距，l为空间光调节器和光学透镜组的距离，L为光学透镜组和二元光学投影屏之间的距离。In the above formula, f is the focal length of the optical lens group, l is the distance between the spatial light adjuster and the optical lens group, and L is the distance between the optical lens group and the binary optical projection screen.
空间光调制器与透镜组、透镜组与二元光学投影屏的匹配关系主要由高斯公式来决定，具体即是，空间光调制器通过透镜组成像在菲涅尔屏上，而透镜组的光瞳则通过菲涅尔透镜成像在人眼的观看位置上（即观看的光斑），从能量的角度，观看光斑位置处是光能的会聚处，或是说空间光调制器放大后的像由菲镜进行偏折，菲镜上的每一点都等效发出一定方向和扩束角的光线，这些光线将在最小光斑处形成交集。而光斑大小由镜头出瞳大小、镜头到菲镜之间的距离和菲镜焦距三者制约，三者之间由高斯公式联系。The matching relationship between the spatial light modulator and the lens group, the lens group and the binary optical projection screen is mainly determined by the Gaussian formula. Specifically, the spatial light modulator is imaged on the Fresnel screen through the lens group, and the light of the lens group The pupil is imaged on the viewing position of the human eye through the Fresnel lens (that is, the viewing spot). From the perspective of energy, the viewing spot is the converging place of light energy, or the enlarged image of the spatial light modulator is formed by The Philippine mirror is deflected, and each point on the Philippine mirror is equivalent to emitting light in a certain direction and beam expansion angle, and these light rays will form an intersection at the smallest spot. The size of the spot is restricted by the size of the lens exit pupil, the distance between the lens and the Philippine mirror, and the focal length of the Philippine mirror. The three are related by the Gaussian formula.
光学系统对立体图像信号进行了放大成像的处理，对信号的放大处理可以是固定值也可以进行调节，若采用定焦透镜组，其放大值为常数；若采用变焦镜头，放大值可以实时调节，调节方式一般为电动方式。通过调节透镜组的焦距来实现放大率的调节。变焦透镜组技术目前已经比较成熟。The optical system performs magnification and imaging processing on the stereoscopic image signal. The magnification of the signal can be fixed or adjusted. If a fixed-focus lens group is used, the magnification value is constant; if a zoom lens is used, the magnification value can be adjusted in real time. , The adjustment method is generally electric. The adjustment of the magnification is realized by adjusting the focal length of the lens group. The zoom lens group technology is relatively mature at present.
虽然菲涅尔透镜的成像规律不完全遵循高斯关系，但是由于菲涅尔透镜的功能并不是用来成像，只是充当场镜使用，其产生的像差主要集中表现为光能的集中程度的差异，在观看时可能看到中心处和边角处的明暗不均，所以在照明均匀性上有更高的要求。同样是因为菲涅尔透镜在该系统上的像差特点，需要根据对不同的菲涅尔孔径带进行校正。Although the imaging law of the Fresnel lens does not completely follow the Gaussian relationship, since the function of the Fresnel lens is not used for imaging, it is only used as a field lens, and the aberrations generated by it are mainly manifested as differences in the concentration of light energy. , You may see uneven light and shade at the center and corners when viewing, so there are higher requirements for lighting uniformity. Also because of the aberration characteristics of the Fresnel lens in this system, it needs to be corrected according to different Fresnel aperture zones.
具体实施例：Specific examples:
空间光调制器（SLM）可以用LCos、DMD、LCD等图像芯片，现在比较热门的是LCos，尤其在微型投影仪方面的应用。所以，本发明采用LCos图像源作为空间光调制器，为整个系统提供立体图像。光学系统用短焦镜头，确保整机的厚度不会太厚。二元光学投影屏采取通过特殊设计的菲涅尔透镜屏幕，使得空间光调制器经过光学系统成像在菲涅尔屏上，菲涅尔屏再将这个像偏折在人眼当中，实现了图像光路的定向传播（即在别的地方看不见图像，只有在人眼的位置才能看到全部的图像。在左图像的基础上，再加上右眼图像，分别使左右眼的图像分别投射进入观众的左眼和右眼，就能够观察到很好的立体效果。Spatial light modulator (SLM) can use LCos, DMD, LCD and other image chips, and now LCos is more popular, especially in the application of micro projectors. Therefore, the present invention uses the LCos image source as a spatial light modulator to provide stereoscopic images for the entire system. The optical system uses a short-focus lens to ensure that the thickness of the whole machine is not too thick. The binary optical projection screen adopts a specially designed Fresnel lens screen, so that the spatial light modulator is imaged on the Fresnel screen through the optical system, and the Fresnel screen deflects the image in the human eye to realize the image The directional propagation of the optical path (that is, the image cannot be seen in other places, and the entire image can only be seen at the position of the human eye. On the basis of the left image, plus the right eye image, the images of the left and right eyes are respectively projected into the The audience's left and right eyes can observe a good three-dimensional effect.
如图3所示，空间光调制器加载立体图像后，被透镜组成像放大到菲涅尔透镜上。菲涅尔透镜上的图像大小由透镜组的焦距f和投射距离（透镜组到菲涅尔透镜的距离）决定。As shown in Figure 3, after the spatial light modulator is loaded with a stereoscopic image, the image is magnified by the lens group onto the Fresnel lens. The size of the image on the Fresnel lens is determined by the focal length f of the lens group and the throw distance (the distance from the lens group to the Fresnel lens).
对于f=58mm的镜头，将尺寸为35mm*25mm的空间光调制器放大到菲镜上，投影距离为638mm，则投射出来的图像大小为17英寸。For the f=58mm lens, if the spatial light modulator with the size of 35mm*25mm is enlarged on the Philippine mirror, and the projection distance is 638mm, the size of the projected image is 17 inches.
由于人眼的瞳距平均为65mm，所以需要控制两个光组的光瞳中心之间的距离以适应人眼的瞳距大小。因为实际上，观看光斑是光组的出瞳经过菲涅尔透镜后所成的像。所以，人眼观看的最佳距离和光斑的位置和大小也是由高斯公式来确定。Since the average interpupillary distance of the human eye is 65mm, it is necessary to control the distance between the pupil centers of the two light groups to suit the interpupillary distance of the human eye. Because in fact, the viewing spot is the image formed by the exit pupil of the light group passing through the Fresnel lens. Therefore, the optimal distance for the human eye to watch and the position and size of the light spot are also determined by the Gaussian formula.
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| CN201110398763.2ACN102520527B (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | A kind of naked-eye stereoscopic display system and method thereof |
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| CN201110398763.2ACN102520527B (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | A kind of naked-eye stereoscopic display system and method thereof |
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