CN102514950B - Movable-arm-type powder bed powder spreading device - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种用于快速成形设备的铺粉装置。该装置主要包括定量送粉装置、移动料斗、移动臂、移动框架等结构。其利用定量送粉装置对移动料斗供粉，通过旋转薄片控制粉末的下落与否；并根据零件截面形状，移动料斗在移动臂和移动框架的带动下在工作平面内做规律的平动，料斗上的刮片即可实现动态铺粉。本发明将移动臂、移动料斗与移动框架结合，将铺粉限定在零件区域，并根据零件截面变化调整铺粉量大小与铺粉位置，不仅大大节省粉末用量，且铺粉速度快；铺粉装置结构设计简单，拆装方便，易于实现，成本较低，对于提高粉床快速成形工艺的整体技术水平有重要应用价值。

The invention discloses a powder spreading device for rapid prototyping equipment. The device mainly includes quantitative powder feeding device, moving hopper, moving arm, moving frame and other structures. It uses a quantitative powder feeding device to supply powder to the mobile hopper, and controls whether the powder falls or not by rotating the sheet; and according to the cross-sectional shape of the part, the mobile hopper is driven by the moving arm and the moving frame to make regular translation in the working plane, and the hopper The scraper on the top can realize dynamic powder spreading. The invention combines the moving arm, the moving hopper and the moving frame to limit the powder spreading to the part area, and adjusts the powder spreading amount and the powder spreading position according to the change of the part cross section, which not only greatly saves the powder consumption, but also has a fast powder spreading speed; The structure of the device is simple in design, easy to disassemble and assemble, easy to implement, and low in cost, and has important application value for improving the overall technical level of the powder bed rapid prototyping process.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种移动臂式粉床铺粉装置A mobile arm type powder bed powder spreading device

技术领域technical field

本发明属于先进制造领域，具体涉及一种移动臂式铺粉装置，主要用于快速成形设备的高效铺粉。The invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing, and in particular relates to a mobile arm type powder spreading device, which is mainly used for efficient powder spreading of rapid prototyping equipment.

背景技术Background technique

目前，以粉末为成形材料通过选区沉积工艺快速成形实体零件的方法是目前快速制造领域研究的热点。主要包括：选择性激光烧结(SelectiveLaser Sintering，SLS)，选择性激光熔化(Selective Laser Melting，SLM)，直接金属粉末激光烧结(Direct Metal Laser Sintering，DMLS)，电子束熔化(Electron Beam Melting，EBM)等。其工艺原理及流程：首先，在工作台上均匀铺一层很薄的粉末；然后，计算机根据成形零件的截面数据控制加工源(如激光、电子束等)对粉末进行分区作业，该层截面轮廓内的粉末经熔化或烧结后粘结在一起；一层完成后工作缸的工作平面下降一个层厚，铺粉装置在已成形零件表面上再铺一个层厚的粉末进行下一次成形；重复该过程直至三维零件完成。如SLS是利用激光对添加有高分子粘结剂的金属粉末进行烧结成形，SLM是利用激光束对金属粉末进行熔化成形，DMLS是采用激光对二元金属进行烧结成形，EBM采用电子束对粉末进行熔化快速成形。At present, the method of rapidly forming solid parts by using powder as forming material through selective deposition process is a research hotspot in the field of rapid manufacturing. Mainly include: Selective Laser Sintering (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS), Selective Laser Melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (Direct Metal Laser Sintering, DMLS), Electron Beam Melting (Electron Beam Melting, EBM) wait. Its process principle and flow: first, evenly spread a very thin layer of powder on the workbench; then, the computer controls the processing source (such as laser, electron beam, etc.) to partition the powder according to the cross-sectional data of the formed part. The powder in the profile is bonded together after melting or sintering; after one layer is completed, the working plane of the working cylinder drops one layer thick, and the powder spreading device spreads another layer thick powder on the surface of the formed part for the next forming; repeat This process continues until the 3D part is complete. For example, SLS uses laser to sinter and form metal powder with polymer binder, SLM uses laser beam to melt and form metal powder, DMLS uses laser to sinter and form binary metal, and EBM uses electron beam to sinter powder Perform melt rapid prototyping.

在以粉末为原料的快速成形技术中，成形过程涉及到粉末的存放、供给、铺放与回收等工序。基于粉床的快速成形工艺具有成形精度高、可成形复杂结构等优点。作为快速成形的重要的工艺基础，铺粉装置的稳定性、可靠性与连续性对快速成形的速度与精度有重大影响，铺粉的速度与方式也对成形效率和成形材料的利用率有很大影响。因此，铺粉装置是快速成形设备的关键部分。铺粉装置按照铺粉方式分为固定缸送粉、铺粉辊式、移动料斗式、水平移动刮板式等方式。目前应用于快速成形设备中的送铺粉机构一般都是以上介绍的几种铺粉装置与现有的储粉装置组合搭配起来的。In the rapid prototyping technology using powder as raw material, the forming process involves the storage, supply, laying and recycling of powder. The rapid prototyping process based on powder bed has the advantages of high forming precision and complex structure. As an important process basis for rapid prototyping, the stability, reliability and continuity of the powder spreading device have a major impact on the speed and accuracy of rapid prototyping, and the speed and method of powder spreading also have a great impact on the forming efficiency and the utilization rate of forming materials. big impact. Therefore, the powder spreading device is a key part of the rapid prototyping equipment. The powder spreading device is divided into fixed cylinder powder feeding, powder spreading roller type, moving hopper type, horizontal moving scraper type and other methods according to the powder spreading method. The powder feeding and spreading mechanisms currently used in rapid prototyping equipment are generally a combination of the above-mentioned powder spreading devices and existing powder storage devices.

现有技术存在如下突出问题：There are following outstanding problems in the prior art:

(1)利用现有的铺粉方式及装置进行铺粉，粉末利用率低，需粉量大，且铺粉时间长，铺粉效率低。(1) Using the existing powder spreading methods and devices for powder spreading, the powder utilization rate is low, the amount of powder required is large, and the powder spreading time is long, and the powder spreading efficiency is low.

以上述方式构建的铺粉系统的软硬件实现方式虽然比较简单，但存在严重的材料浪费与工作效率低的缺陷。目前，快速成形设备的铺粉装置是由导轨和皮带带动。铺粉方式为边从左向右运动边铺粉，铺粉行程长，零件成形区所占铺粉面积小，且为保证铺粉的稳定与可靠，要求铺粉装置速度低，因此铺粉过程占的时间较长，而每层截面实际成形的时间是相对较短的，造成了成形时间浪费。另外，现有的铺粉方法是将粉层从储粉处一直铺满整个工作台，而实际上只有零件成形区域的粉末才会被利用，这造成了大部分材料的浪费，材料利用率较低。Although the hardware and software implementation of the powder spreading system constructed in the above manner is relatively simple, it has the defects of serious material waste and low work efficiency. At present, the powder spreading device of rapid prototyping equipment is driven by guide rails and belts. The powder spreading method is to spread powder while moving from left to right, the powder spreading stroke is long, and the powder spreading area occupied by the part forming area is small, and in order to ensure the stability and reliability of powder spreading, the speed of powder spreading device is required to be low, so the powder spreading process It takes a long time, but the actual forming time of each section is relatively short, resulting in a waste of forming time. In addition, the existing powder spreading method is to spread the powder layer from the powder storage place all the way to the entire workbench, but in fact only the powder in the part forming area will be used, which causes most of the waste of materials, and the material utilization rate is relatively low. Low.

(2)铺粉装置为刚性结构，在铺粉过程中易与表面凸起摩擦，影响铺粉稳定性。(2) The powder spreading device is a rigid structure, which is easy to rub against the surface protrusions during the powder spreading process, which affects the stability of the powder spreading.

粉末快速成形工艺过程中，易出现球化、黏粉等现象，且在截面形状突变、工艺条件等客观条件的影响下，成形表面的某些地方会产生凸起。而现有的铺粉装置如铺粉辊、刮板均为刚性结构，易在铺粉过程中与凸起产生严重的摩擦，不仅减短铺粉机构的使用寿命，影响铺粉的稳定，严重时可能导致铺粉装置的卡死，使成形过程中断，直接影响成形零件的精度与性能。通常我们可以通过手动调节适当的下降工作台面的高度使铺粉装置顺利的通过，但这样会增加粉层的厚度，必然降低成形件在竖直方向的精度与成形质量。In the powder rapid prototyping process, phenomena such as spheroidization and sticky powder are prone to occur, and under the influence of objective conditions such as sudden change in cross-sectional shape and process conditions, some places on the forming surface will have protrusions. However, the existing powder spreading devices such as powder spreading rollers and scrapers are all rigid structures, which are prone to serious friction with the protrusions during the powder spreading process, which not only shortens the service life of the powder spreading mechanism, but also affects the stability of the powder spreading. Sometimes it may cause the powder spreading device to be stuck, interrupt the forming process, and directly affect the accuracy and performance of the formed parts. Usually, we can manually adjust the height of the appropriate lowering table to make the powder spreading device pass smoothly, but this will increase the thickness of the powder layer, which will inevitably reduce the accuracy and forming quality of the formed part in the vertical direction.

(3)粉末的快速成形环境较差，铺粉设备结构较复杂，粉末的黏着影响其可靠性。(3) The rapid prototyping environment of the powder is poor, the structure of the powder spreading equipment is relatively complex, and the adhesion of the powder affects its reliability.

粉末快速成形环境一般较差，经常需要高能量密度热源(如激光)对粉体进行熔化或烧结，这些过程均伴随挥发、飞溅等现象，因而粉末易黏着在诸如轴承、铰链或运动部件上，影响其工作的可靠性，甚者阻碍设备的正常运转。若铺粉装备结构过于复杂，传动和运动构件过多，恶劣的生产条件对这些设备的不利影响会更加显著。所以对铺粉装备要求尽量采用设计简单，进程可靠性高、控制简易的结构，各部分要求拆装方便，可移植性强，有利于设备在工艺改进研究中根据不同需要能进行设当调整。The environment for powder rapid prototyping is generally poor, and high-energy-density heat sources (such as lasers) are often required to melt or sinter the powder. These processes are accompanied by volatilization, splashing, etc., so the powder is easy to stick to bearings, hinges or moving parts. Affect the reliability of its work, and even hinder the normal operation of the equipment. If the structure of the powder spreading equipment is too complicated, there are too many transmission and moving components, and the adverse effects of harsh production conditions on these equipment will be more significant. Therefore, it is required to adopt a structure with simple design, high process reliability and simple control as far as possible for powder spreading equipment. Each part is required to be easy to disassemble and assemble, and has strong portability, which is conducive to the adjustment of equipment according to different needs in process improvement research.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足而提供一种能实现动态区域铺粉的移动臂式铺粉装置，铺粉装置结构简单，便于拆装，可移植性强；采用本铺粉装置，铺粉快速，可靠性高，能减少铺粉时间并大大节省粉末用量，从而提高成形效率与材料利用率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile arm type powder spreading device capable of realizing powder spreading in a dynamic area in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The powder spreading device has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble and assemble, and has strong portability; The powder spreading device has fast powder spreading and high reliability, which can reduce the powder spreading time and greatly save the powder consumption, thereby improving the forming efficiency and material utilization rate.

本发明提供的一种移动臂式粉床铺粉装置，其特征在于，它包括：A mobile arm type powder bed powder spreading device provided by the present invention is characterized in that it comprises:

一定量送粉装置，其具有储粉箱、送粉辊和固定板，由外置的旋转电机带动，储粉箱底部下粉口处安装送粉辊以及固定板，起定量送粉作用；A certain amount of powder feeding device, which has a powder storage box, a powder feeding roller and a fixed plate, driven by an external rotating motor, and a powder feeding roller and a fixed plate are installed at the bottom of the powder storage box to perform quantitative powder feeding;

一传动装置，其包括移动臂与移动框架，移动臂能在第一电机的带动下做左右方向的平面运动，移动框架能够在第二电机的带动下做前后方向的平面运动；A transmission device, which includes a moving arm and a moving frame, the moving arm can perform plane movement in the left and right directions driven by the first motor, and the moving frame can perform planar movement in the front and rear directions driven by the second motor;

一铺粉设备，包括位于定量送粉装置的下方的移动料斗，其接料口与定量送粉装置的出粉口相对应，移动料斗安装在移动框架上，能在移动框架带动下作前后方向的往复运动。A powder spreading equipment, including a mobile hopper located below the quantitative powder feeding device, its material inlet corresponds to the powder outlet of the quantitative powder feeding device, the mobile hopper is installed on the mobile frame, and can move forward and backward under the drive of the mobile frame reciprocating motion.

本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、局部区域动态铺粉方法，将移动臂与移动框架配合带动移动料斗铺粉，使铺粉区域限制在成形零件区，且可根据零件截面形状的变化调整铺粉量和铺粉位置，大大提高粉末材料的利用率，节约粉末用量；1. The method of dynamic powder spreading in a local area, the mobile arm and the moving frame are used to drive the mobile hopper to spread powder, so that the powder spreading area is limited to the forming part area, and the powder spreading amount and powder spreading position can be adjusted according to the change of the cross-sectional shape of the part, greatly Improve the utilization rate of powder materials and save powder consumption;

2、采用重力式供粉装置，控制简单，工作可靠；2. Gravity powder supply device is adopted, which is easy to control and reliable in operation;

3、铺粉装置整体结构设计紧凑，占用空间少，能最大限度的减少送铺粉机构的占用空间，且移动框架与移动料斗便于拆装，可移植性强，有利于设备在工艺改进研究中根据不同需要能进行设当调整；3. The overall structure design of the powder spreading device is compact and occupies less space, which can minimize the space occupied by the powder feeding and spreading mechanism, and the mobile frame and mobile hopper are easy to disassemble and have strong portability, which is beneficial to the equipment in the process improvement research It can be adjusted according to different needs;

4、本铺粉装置对采用的控制系统要求比较简单，只需控制移动框架在前后方向的直线运动和移动臂在左右方向的直线运动这两种基本运动，易实现，制造成本较低；4. The control system adopted by this powder spreading device is relatively simple. It only needs to control the linear motion of the moving frame in the front and rear directions and the linear motion of the moving arm in the left and right directions. These two basic movements are easy to implement and the manufacturing cost is low;

5、移动臂刚性好，运行平稳可靠，能高速运送移动料斗到成形区域，节省铺粉装置运送粉末的时间，提高生产效率；5. The mobile arm has good rigidity, stable and reliable operation, and can transport the mobile hopper to the forming area at high speed, saving the time of powder delivery by the powder spreading device and improving production efficiency;

6、移动料斗四周安装柔性刮片，保证铺粉过程中铺粉装置运行的稳定性与铺粉的顺畅，且柔性刮片拆装方便，可移植性强。6. A flexible scraper is installed around the mobile hopper to ensure the stability of the powder spreading device and smooth powder spreading during the powder spreading process. The flexible scraper is easy to disassemble and has strong portability.

总之，本铺粉装置结构紧凑、占用空间小、控制简单、铺粉结构设计简单，可移植性较强；并利用移动臂与移动框架两者的同时运动实现局部动态铺粉，提高粉末利用率，并且极大地缩短了铺粉时间，有效地提高生产效率，对于提高粉床快速成形工艺的整体技术水平具有重要应用价值。In short, the powder spreading device has compact structure, small space occupation, simple control, simple powder spreading structure design, and strong portability; and the simultaneous movement of the moving arm and the moving frame can realize partial dynamic powder spreading and improve the utilization rate of powder , and greatly shorten the powder spreading time, effectively improve production efficiency, and have important application value for improving the overall technical level of the powder bed rapid prototyping process.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.

图2为本发明装置斜后示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention obliquely.

图3A为本发明移动料斗结构示意图，图3B为移动料斗内部的旋转薄片结构示意图。Fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile hopper of the present invention, and Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating sheet inside the mobile hopper.

图4为本发明装置中移动框架示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mobile frame in the device of the present invention.

图5为本发明装置中移动臂示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the moving arm in the device of the present invention.

图6为本发明具体实施例斜视与截面示意图。Fig. 6 is an oblique view and a schematic cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

图7A与图7B为现有铺粉辊对截面变化的零件的铺粉对照图。Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B are the powder-spreading comparison diagrams of parts with different sections of the existing powder-spreading roller.

图8A与图8B为本发明装置对截面变化的零件的铺粉对照图。Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B are the powder coating comparison diagrams of the device of the present invention for parts with varying cross-sections.

附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:

1-储粉箱；2-料斗壁一；3-送粉辊；4-固定板；5-移动料斗；6-旋转轴；7-旋转薄片；8-旋转电机；9-移动框架；10-移动臂；11-刮片；12-复位弹簧；13-转轴定位孔；14-支撑台；15-支杆；16-第一滑槽；17-第二滑槽。1- powder storage box; 2- hopper wall one; 3- powder feeding roller; 4- fixed plate; 5- moving hopper; 6- rotating shaft; 7- rotating sheet; 8- rotating motor; 9- moving frame; Moving arm; 11-scraper; 12-return spring; 13-rotating shaft positioning hole; 14-support platform; 15-support rod; 16-first chute; 17-second chute.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明装置包括定量送粉装置、传动装置和铺粉设备。下面通过借助实施例更加详细地说明本发明各部分的结构，但以下实施例仅是说明性的，本发明的保护范围并不受这些实施例的限制。The device of the invention includes a quantitative powder feeding device, a transmission device and powder spreading equipment. The structure of each part of the present invention will be described in more detail below by means of examples, but the following examples are only illustrative, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

如图1所示，定量送粉装置包括储粉箱1、送粉辊3、固定板4，并外配相应的旋转电机。储粉箱1固定在工作腔的上方，储粉箱1为漏斗状，料斗壁一2倾斜，其底部设有矩形下粉口，储粉箱1底部下粉口处安装固定板4，固定板4上开有与储粉箱1底部下粉口对应的出粉口，起定量送粉作用，送粉辊3安装在下粉口与固定板4之间，由外配旋转电机带动运转。As shown in Figure 1, the quantitative powder feeding device includes a powder storage box 1, apowder feeding roller 3, afixed plate 4, and is equipped with a corresponding rotating motor. The powder storage box 1 is fixed above the working chamber. The powder storage box 1 is funnel-shaped. 4 is provided with a powder outlet corresponding to the powder outlet at the bottom of the powder storage box 1, which plays a role in quantitative powder feeding. Thepowder feeding roller 3 is installed between the powder outlet and the fixedplate 4, and is driven by an external rotating motor.

本发明对定量送粉装置结构并没有特殊的要求，可以采用现有的或自行设计的各种结构的定量送粉装置，图1只是列举了其中一种结构。The present invention has no special requirements on the structure of the quantitative powder feeding device, and the existing or self-designed quantitative powder feeding device of various structures can be used, and Fig. 1 only lists one of the structures.

传动装置包括移动臂10、移动框架9、第一电机。如图4所示，移动框架9上设有两根对称分布的支杆15。The transmission device includes a movingarm 10, a movingframe 9, and a first motor. As shown in FIG. 4 , themobile frame 9 is provided with two symmetrically distributed struts 15 .

如图5所示，移动臂10中部开有用于放置移动料斗5的通口，并开有第一、第二滑槽16和17，第二滑槽17为通孔，第一滑槽16为盲孔，所述移动框架9穿过第二滑槽17，插入第一滑槽16的盲孔中，移动框架9与滑槽16、17为间隙配合，移动框架9可以在第二电机的带动下在滑槽16、17中做前后方向的平面运动。第二电机可以采用直线电机或旋转电机；第一电机也可以采用直线电机或旋转电机，若采用旋转电机，还需通过丝杆或其他等效的传动设备与电机配合实现传动功能。As shown in Figure 5, the middle part of themobile arm 10 is provided with a passage for placing themobile hopper 5, and has first and second chute 16 and 17, the second chute 17 is a through hole, and the first chute 16 is Blind hole, themobile frame 9 passes through the second chute 17, and is inserted into the blind hole of the first chute 16, themobile frame 9 and the chute 16, 17 are clearance fit, and themobile frame 9 can be driven by the second motor Do the plane motion of forward and backward direction in chute 16,17 down. The second motor can be a linear motor or a rotary motor; the first motor can also be a linear motor or a rotary motor. If a rotary motor is used, it is necessary to cooperate with the motor through a screw or other equivalent transmission equipment to realize the transmission function.

当第一电机为旋转电机并辅加丝杆和移动轴套时，移动轴套夹紧移动臂侧部，其下部螺纹孔与丝杆相配合，第一电机与丝杆连接，能带动丝杆旋转，同时带动移动轴套及移动臂10沿轴向作直线运动。When the first motor is a rotating motor and is supplemented with a screw and a moving sleeve, the moving sleeve clamps the side of the moving arm, and the threaded hole in the lower part matches the screw, and the first motor is connected with the screw to drive the screw Rotate, and simultaneously drive the moving shaft sleeve and the movingarm 10 to move linearly along the axial direction.

铺粉设备包括移动料斗5和旋转电机8。The powder spreading equipment includes amobile hopper 5 and arotary motor 8 .

移动料斗5位于定量送粉装置的下方，其接料口与定量送粉装置的出粉口相对应。Themobile hopper 5 is located below the quantitative powder feeding device, and its material inlet corresponds to the powder outlet of the quantitative powder feeding device.

如图3A、3B所示，移动料斗5为矩形口漏盒；其内腔上部安装带有旋转轴6的旋转薄片7；As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, themobile hopper 5 is a rectangular leak box; the upper part of the inner cavity is equipped with arotating sheet 7 with arotating shaft 6;

移动料斗5由移动框架9支撑。具体可以采用下述结构：移动料斗5前后挡板上分别设置一支撑台14，移动框架9的矩形口与移动料斗5上部外围大小相当，移动料斗5通过支撑台14安装在移动框架9上。Themobile hopper 5 is supported by amobile frame 9 . Specifically can adopt following structure:mobile hopper 5 front and rear baffles are provided with a supportingplatform 14 respectively, the rectangular opening ofmobile frame 9 is suitable withmobile hopper 5 upper periphery size, andmobile hopper 5 is installed onmobile frame 9 by supportingplatform 14.

为了使铺粉更均匀，移动料斗5的下铺粉口采用由前后左右四片柔性刮片11围成的矩形口，所述柔性刮片11的下半部分由多个分布均匀的柔性梳齿组成。In order to spread the powder more evenly, the lower powder opening of the movinghopper 5 adopts a rectangular mouth surrounded by fourflexible scrapers 11, the lower part of which is composed of a plurality of evenly distributed flexible combs. composition.

旋转轴6由旋转电机8带动旋转。通过控制旋转电机8的开启与停止，带动旋转薄片7旋转。旋转轴6和移动料斗5的壁之间的部位安装复位弹簧12，用于使旋转薄片7回复到初始位置。Therotating shaft 6 is driven to rotate by arotating motor 8 . By controlling the opening and stopping of therotating motor 8, therotating sheet 7 is driven to rotate. Areturn spring 12 is installed at the position between therotating shaft 6 and the wall of the movinghopper 5 for returning therotating sheet 7 to the initial position.

在第一电机的带动下，移动臂10做左右方向的平面运动，支杆15在第二电机的带动下使移动框架9连同移动料斗5一起做前后方向的往复直线运动；移动料斗5的铺粉口即可在工作平面内进行铺粉操作。Driven by the first motor, the movingarm 10 moves in a plane in the left and right direction, and thepole 15 makes the movingframe 9 and the movinghopper 5 do reciprocating linear motion in the front and rear direction under the driving of the second motor; The powder port can be used to spread powder in the working plane.

利用上述装置进行铺粉的工作流程如下：The workflow of powder spreading with the above device is as follows:

启动定量送粉装置向移动料斗5供应一定量的粉末，旋转薄片7处于水平状态；Start the quantitative powder feeding device to supply a certain amount of powder to themobile hopper 5, and therotating sheet 7 is in a horizontal state;

由第一电机带动移动臂10高速将移动料斗5从左向右送到工作台；The first motor drives the movingarm 10 to send the movinghopper 5 to the workbench from left to right at high speed;

移动臂10降低速度，启动旋转电机8，使旋转薄片7旋转约90度，粉末落到下粉口；The movingarm 10 reduces the speed, starts therotating motor 8, makes therotating sheet 7 rotate about 90 degrees, and the powder falls to the powder outlet;

同时移动框架9根据零件截面形状带动移动料斗5做前后方向的往复运动；At the same time, the movingframe 9 drives the movinghopper 5 to reciprocate in the front and rear directions according to the cross-sectional shape of the parts;

移动料斗5下粉口处的四片刮片11随着料斗5移动进行铺粉；The fourscrapers 11 at the lower powder mouth of themobile hopper 5 spread powder along with the movement of thehopper 5;

铺粉过程完毕，关闭旋转电机8，旋转薄片7回复到初始水平位置。After the powder spreading process is completed, therotary motor 8 is closed, and therotary sheet 7 returns to the initial horizontal position.

下面结合附图及本发明的较佳实施例，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the present invention.

以成形图6所示的叶轮为例，选取成形材料为316L不锈钢粉末，采用选择性激光熔化成形(SLM)技术对金属粉末材料进行熔化成形，选取铺粉层厚为0.03mm。具体的工作流程如下：首先，根据本实施例叶轮的结构特点，选择从叶轮的底座开始一层一层竖直向上堆积成形。预先在储粉箱1中装足量的粉末，待成形腔内抽真空等预备工序完成后，即可开启铺粉装置。在初始阶段，移动料斗5内的旋转薄片7处于水平状态，旋转薄片7边缘与移动料斗5内腔相切。开启定量送粉装置，储粉箱1内的粉末均匀送入移动料斗5中，并由旋转薄片7承装。其中，定量送粉装置可控制送粉过程的均匀稳定性，并且能按照实际要求控制送粉量，使得送粉量刚好满足每一次铺粉过程需要的粉末量。装粉完成后，移动臂10由第一电机带动，在工作平面内带动移动框架9连同移动料斗5做从左向右的高速直线运动；当移动臂10运动到零件成形区时，移动臂10的速度由高速调整为低速向右运动，同时，旋转电机8启动，带动旋转轴6转动约90度，旋转薄片7所承装的粉末落到下铺粉口；根据计算机读入的叶轮第一层截面形状信息，移动料斗5随着移动框架9的支杆15在驱动机构带动下在移动臂10的滑槽16、17内做前后方向适当的往复运动，移动料斗5又带动四片柔性刮片11在工作平面内各个方向进行铺粉操作。这样能动态的将铺粉区域限制在零件附近，并根据零件截面形状大小调整铺粉量。待第一层粉层铺完后，工作台下降0.03mm，关闭旋转电机8，旋转薄片7在弹簧12回复力作用下回复到初始水平位置。移动臂10带动移动框架9和移动料斗5从右向左进行高速平动。Taking the impeller shown in Figure 6 as an example, the forming material is 316L stainless steel powder, and the metal powder material is melted and formed by selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and the thickness of the powder layer is selected to be 0.03mm. The specific working process is as follows: First, according to the structural characteristics of the impeller in this embodiment, the base of the impeller is selected to be stacked vertically upward layer by layer. Fill the powder storage box 1 with a sufficient amount of powder in advance, and the powder spreading device can be turned on after the preparatory processes such as vacuuming the forming cavity are completed. In the initial stage, therotating sheet 7 in the movinghopper 5 is in a horizontal state, and the edge of therotating sheet 7 is tangent to the inner cavity of the movinghopper 5 . Turn on the quantitative powder feeding device, and the powder in the powder storage box 1 is evenly sent into the movinghopper 5, and is carried by therotating sheet 7. Among them, the quantitative powder feeding device can control the uniformity and stability of the powder feeding process, and can control the powder feeding amount according to actual requirements, so that the powder feeding amount just meets the powder amount required for each powder spreading process. After the powder loading is completed, the movingarm 10 is driven by the first motor to drive the movingframe 9 together with the movinghopper 5 in a high-speed linear motion from left to right in the working plane; when the movingarm 10 moves to the part forming area, the movingarm 10 The speed is adjusted from high speed to low speed to move to the right. At the same time, therotating motor 8 starts to drive therotating shaft 6 to rotate about 90 degrees, and the powder contained in therotating sheet 7 falls to the bottom powder outlet; layer cross-sectional shape information, the movinghopper 5 makes appropriate reciprocating motions in the front and rear directions in the chute 16, 17 of the movingarm 10 under the drive of the driving mechanism with thepole 15 of the movingframe 9, and the movinghopper 5 drives four pieces of flexible scrapers.Sheet 11 carries out powder spreading operation in all directions in the working plane. In this way, the powder spreading area can be dynamically limited to the vicinity of the part, and the powder spreading amount can be adjusted according to the cross-sectional shape of the part. After the first powder layer is laid, the workbench is lowered by 0.03 mm, therotating motor 8 is turned off, and therotating sheet 7 returns to the initial horizontal position under the restoring force of thespring 12 . The movingarm 10 drives the movingframe 9 and the movinghopper 5 to perform high-speed translation from right to left.

图7A与图7B展示了现有的铺粉辊对截面变化较大的叶轮铺粉对照图，明显发现第m层截面面积远小于第n层截面，但两次铺粉过程中，均会在整个工作平面内铺满粉末，铺粉量相当；图8A与图8B展示了本发明对叶轮铺第n层截面和第m层截面的情况对照，发现当零件截面较小时，所铺的粉只限制在零件截面附近小范围处，截面较大时，可根据形状将铺粉面积增大；这样动态的根据截面大小来调整铺粉面积，可大大减少粉末的浪费。Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B show the contrast diagrams of impeller powder spreading of the existing powder spreading rollers with large cross-section changes. It is obvious that the cross-sectional area of the m layer is much smaller than that of the n layer, but during the two powder spreading processes, both The entire working plane is covered with powder, and the amount of powder is equivalent; Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B show the comparison of the situation of the n-th layer cross-section and the m-th layer cross-section of the impeller in the present invention, and it is found that when the part cross-section is small, the powder spread is only It is limited to a small area near the cross section of the part. When the cross section is large, the powder spreading area can be increased according to the shape; in this way, the powder spreading area can be dynamically adjusted according to the size of the cross section, which can greatly reduce the waste of powder.

总之，本发明铺粉方法采用移动臂与移动料斗相结合实现局部动态铺粉方法，提高粉末利用率，极大地缩短了铺粉时间，有效地提高生产效率；并且，送铺粉装置结构设计紧凑简单、占用空间小、所要求的控制系统也较为简单、铺粉装置易于拆装、可移植性较强，有利于设备在工艺改进研究中根据不同需要能进行设当调整。In a word, the powder spreading method of the present invention adopts the combination of the moving arm and the moving hopper to realize the local dynamic powder spreading method, improves the powder utilization rate, greatly shortens the powder spreading time, and effectively improves the production efficiency; moreover, the powder feeding and spreading device has a compact structure design It is simple, takes up little space, requires a relatively simple control system, is easy to disassemble and assemble the powder spreading device, and has strong portability, which is beneficial for equipment to be adjusted according to different needs in process improvement research.

以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. All simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. .

Claims (4)

1. Movable-arm-type powder bed powder spreading device is characterized in that it comprises:

A certain amount of dust feeder, it has Chu Fenxiang (1), powder feeding roller (3) and fixed head (4), and powder feeding roller (3) and fixed head (4) are installed by lower powder mouth place, Chu Fenxiang (1) bottom, play quantitative powder feeding effect;

One transmission device, it comprises transfer arm (10) and movable frame (9), and transfer arm (10) can be done the plane motion of left and right directions under the drive of the first motor, and movable frame (9) can be done the plane motion of fore-and-aft direction under the drive of the second motor; Movable frame (9) is provided with two symmetrical poles (15); Transfer arm (10) middle part has the port for holding movable hopper (5), and have first, second chute (16), (17), the second chute (17) is through hole, the first chute (16) is blind hole, described movable frame (9) passes the second chute (17), insert in the blind hole of the first chute (16), movable frame (9) is matched in clearance with chute (16), (17), and movable frame (9) can move in chute (16), (17); The first motor is electric rotating machine, carries out transmission by mobile axle sleeve and screw mandrel, and the shifting axle cover clamps transfer arm front and back sidepiece, its underpart cooperates with wire rod thread, the first motor is connected with screw mandrel, can drive the screw mandrel rotation, drives simultaneously vertically moving linearly of mobile axle sleeve and transfer arm (10)

One spreads powder equipment, the mobile hopper (5) that comprises the below that is positioned at quantitative dust feeder, its material receiving port is corresponding with the meal outlet of quantitative dust feeder, and mobile hopper (5) is installed on the movable frame (9), can do the reciprocating motion of fore-and-aft direction under movable frame (9) drives.

2. Movable-arm-type powder bed powder spreading device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the rotation thin slice (7) with rotating shaft (6) is installed on the inner chamber top of mobile hopper (5), and rotating shaft (6) is by electric rotating machine (8) driven rotary; Unlatching by control electric rotating machine (8) with stop driven rotary thin slice (7) rotation; Mobile hopper (5) is supported by movable frame (9); On mobile hopper (5) front and rear baffle brace table (14) is set respectively, the peripheral sizableness in the rectangular opening of movable frame (9) and mobile hopper (5) top, mobile hopper (5) is installed on the movable frame (9) by brace table (14).

3. Movable-arm-type powder bed powder spreading device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the lower berth powder mouth of mobile hopper (5) adopts the rectangular opening that is surrounded by four flexible scraping blades (11) all around, and the latter half of described flexible scraping blade (11) is comprised of a plurality of flexible broach that are evenly distributed;

Back-moving spring (12) is installed at position between the wall of rotating shaft (6) and mobile hopper (5), is used for making rotation thin slice (7) to be returned to initial position.

4. Movable-arm-type powder bed powder spreading device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,

Quantitatively dust feeder comprises Chu Fenxiang (1), powder feeding roller (3) and fixed head (4), and by external electric rotating machine driving, storage powder case (1) is fixed on the top of working chamber, storage powder case (1) is funnel-form, bucket wall one (2) tilts, its bottom is provided with powder mouth under the rectangle, the lower powder mouth place mounting plate (4) in storage powder case (1) bottom, have the meal outlet corresponding with the lower powder mouth in Chu Fenxiang (1) bottom on the fixed head (4), play quantitative powder feeding effect, powder feeding roller (3) is installed between lower powder mouth and the fixed head (4).

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