CN102493494A - Method for sealing vertical cracks of basement concrete structures by using microbial grouting - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种微生物灌浆封堵地下室混凝土结构竖向裂缝的方法，采用墙体内侧缝内灌浆的方法封闭裂缝，具体包括打孔、清孔、裂缝表面封闭、菌液和营养盐溶液制备、灌注菌液、灌注营养盐溶液、灌注孔的封堵，菌液诱导氯化钙生成的碳酸钙沉积物可将裂缝和灌注孔有效地填充和封堵。经注水试验和下雨后的观察，原裂缝的渗水量明显减少。

The invention discloses a method for microbial grouting to seal vertical cracks in a concrete structure in a basement. The cracks are sealed by grouting in the inner cracks of the wall, which specifically includes drilling, clearing holes, sealing the crack surface, and preparing bacterial liquid and nutrient salt solution. , Infusion of bacterial solution, infusion of nutrient salt solution, plugging of perfusion holes, the calcium carbonate deposits generated by calcium chloride induced by bacterial solution can effectively fill and seal cracks and perfusion holes. After the water injection test and observation after rain, the water seepage of the original cracks was significantly reduced.

Description

Translated fromChinese

微生物灌浆封堵地下室混凝土结构竖向裂缝的方法Method of Microbial Grouting to Seal Vertical Cracks in Basement Concrete Structure

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种土木工程中混凝土裂缝的封堵和修复方法，尤其是一种微生物灌浆封堵地下室混凝土结构竖向裂缝的方法。The invention relates to a method for sealing and repairing concrete cracks in civil engineering, in particular to a method for microbial grouting to seal vertical cracks in basement concrete structures.

背景技术Background technique

根据近年来对全国高层建筑地下室调查研究发现，高层建筑地下室外墙的开裂数量占被调查工程总数的85％左右，底板出现裂缝的现象占被调查总数的10％左右。同时对调查结果分析发现，由裂缝引起的各种不利后果中，渗漏占60％。因此，混凝土结构的裂缝控制问题就成为了建筑工程中重要的研究课题之一。特别是最近20年来，泵送商品混凝土获得广泛应用后，裂缝产生的问题日渐突出。According to the survey and research on the basements of high-rise buildings in China in recent years, the number of cracks in the basement walls of high-rise buildings accounts for about 85% of the total number of projects investigated, and the phenomenon of cracks in the bottom plate accounts for about 10% of the total number of investigated projects. At the same time, the analysis of the investigation results found that among the various adverse consequences caused by cracks, leakage accounted for 60%. Therefore, the crack control of concrete structures has become one of the important research topics in construction engineering. Especially in the last 20 years, after pumping commercial concrete has been widely used, the problem of cracks has become increasingly prominent.

现有的地下室的堵漏方法有很多，但效果都不理想。原因有两方面：(1)地下室建成后，墙外侧回填土，很难在外墙修补；(2)现有的修补材料多是有机或憎水的材料，有老化问题，膨胀系数与混凝土不一致。因此，渗漏问题成为困扰工程界的老、大、难问题。微生物修复方法是一种新型的修复混凝土裂缝的方法，生成物与原混凝土一致，修复后不宜开裂。灌浆材料为液态，很容易渗入缝内，在缝内形成沉积。修复后的混凝土材料的耐久性和强度都有较大程度的提高，并且与混凝土材料的结合性好。The leak-stopping method of existing basement has a lot, but effect is all unsatisfactory. There are two reasons: (1) After the basement is built, the outer wall is backfilled with soil, making it difficult to repair the outer wall; (2) Most of the existing repair materials are organic or hydrophobic materials, which have aging problems, and the expansion coefficient is inconsistent with concrete. Therefore, the leakage problem has become an old, big and difficult problem in the engineering field. The microbial repair method is a new method for repairing concrete cracks. The product is consistent with the original concrete, and it is not suitable for cracking after repair. The grouting material is liquid and can easily penetrate into the cracks and form deposits in the cracks. The durability and strength of the repaired concrete material are greatly improved, and the combination with the concrete material is good.

利用微生物成岩修复技术是一种学科交叉的国际先进技术。其机理是利用微生物诱导生成矿物沉积填补和修复混凝土缺陷：某些嗜碱性的土壤微生物利用自身产生的尿素酶将尿素水解为氨和二氧化碳，分解生成的氨数量的增加会引起周围pH值的升高，从而引起碳酸钙的沉积。在诱导碳酸钙沉积的过程中，微生物的作用不仅仅是生成尿素酶，而且还为碳酸钙的沉积提供成核的地点。目前在土木工程中，微生物修复技术主要是利用培养的微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积修复混凝土缺陷，对裂缝进行封堵和地基处理等。清华大学程晓辉申请了专利《一种微生物成因水泥或混凝土及其生产方法和应用》(CN200810105947.3)，提出利用能产生脲酶的巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液和含有尿素和矿物钙盐的配合液混合，在一定条件下反应即可得微生物成因水泥或混凝土的方法，但是并没有给出尤其是关于地下室的具体修补裂缝的方法。The use of microbial diagenesis restoration technology is an interdisciplinary international advanced technology. Its mechanism is to use microorganisms to induce mineral deposits to fill and repair concrete defects: some basophilic soil microorganisms use their own urease to hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the increase in the amount of ammonia generated by decomposition will cause the surrounding pH value to change. increase, leading to the deposition of calcium carbonate. In the process of inducing calcium carbonate deposition, the role of microorganisms is not only to generate urease, but also to provide nucleation sites for calcium carbonate deposition. At present, in civil engineering, microbial repair technology mainly uses cultured microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate deposition to repair concrete defects, seal cracks and treat foundations. Cheng Xiaohui of Tsinghua University applied for a patent "A Cement or Concrete of Microbial Genesis and Its Production Method and Application" (CN200810105947.3), proposing to use the Bacillus pasteurei bacteria liquid capable of producing urease to mix with a compound solution containing urea and mineral calcium salts , reacting under certain conditions can obtain the method of microbial origin cement or concrete, but does not give the specific method of repairing cracks especially about the basement.

中国专利申请200810019165.8公开了一种利用微生物修复水泥基材料裂缝方法及培养液和修复营养液。其采用将微生物菌液和修复营养液注入水泥石裂缝中，进行养护。但是该方法并没用涉及将菌液和修复营养液注入裂缝内的具体方法、步骤。Chinese patent application 200810019165.8 discloses a method for repairing cracks in cement-based materials using microorganisms, a culture solution and a repair nutrient solution. It adopts the method of injecting microbial bacterial liquid and repairing nutrient liquid into the cracks of cement stone for curing. However, this method does not involve the specific method and steps of injecting the bacterial solution and the repairing nutrient solution into the crack.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种微生物灌浆封堵地下室混凝土结构竖向裂缝的方法，该方法操作方便，裂缝封闭效果好，易于施工。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of method for microbial grouting sealing vertical crack of basement concrete structure, and this method is easy to operate, and crack sealing effect is good, is easy to construct.

为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种微生物灌浆封堵地下室混凝土结构竖向裂缝的方法，地下室外墙的外侧为防水层和填土层，若混凝土外墙出现竖向裂缝，很难在墙体外侧开挖填土，暴露出裂缝，再对裂缝进行封堵，采用墙体内侧缝内灌浆的方法封闭裂缝，步骤如下：A method for microbial grouting to seal vertical cracks in basement concrete structures. The outer walls of the basement are waterproof and filling layers. If vertical cracks appear in the outer concrete walls, it is difficult to excavate and fill the outer walls, exposing Cracks, and then seal the cracks, using the method of grouting inside the wall to seal the cracks, the steps are as follows:

(1)打孔(1) Punch

竖向裂缝内，由于微生物菌液和营养盐液体在自重作用下向下流淌，而且裂缝较细，直接灌注液体很难进入裂缝深处，因此，采用沿着裂缝竖向间隔设置灌注孔；In the vertical cracks, since the microbial liquid and nutrient salt liquid flow downward under the action of their own weight, and the cracks are thin, it is difficult to directly inject liquid into the depth of the cracks. Therefore, pouring holes are arranged vertically along the cracks;

(2)清孔(2) clear holes

将灌注孔内混凝土残渣清除干净；Clean up the concrete residue in the pouring hole;

(3)裂缝表面封闭(3) Crack surface sealing

在裂缝的表面包裹一层脱脂棉，然后再包裹两层纱布，再用胶布将脱脂棉和纱布固定；清水可从脱脂棉和纱布中渗出，但是细菌粒径较大，会封挡在裂缝内；Wrap a layer of absorbent cotton on the surface of the crack, then wrap two layers of gauze, and then fix the absorbent cotton and gauze with adhesive tape; clean water can seep out of the absorbent cotton and gauze, but the bacterial particle size is large and will be blocked in the crack;

(4)菌液和营养盐溶液制备(4) Preparation of bacterial liquid and nutrient salt solution

用发酵罐制备3-5升巴氏芽孢杆菌，酶活性OD600大于1；配制含有1mol/L的氯化钙和1mol/L尿素的营养盐溶液；Prepare 3-5 liters of Bacillus pasteurianus in a fermenter, and the enzyme activity OD600 is greater than 1; prepare a nutrient salt solution containing 1mol/L calcium chloride and 1mol/L urea;

(5)灌注菌液(5) Infusion of bacteria solution

从最下方的灌注孔向裂缝内灌注菌液，待菌液渗入到裂缝后并从灌注孔溢出时，换到上一灌注孔继续灌注菌液，直至所有灌注孔内灌满；Fill the crack with the bacteria solution from the bottom filling hole, and when the bacteria solution penetrates into the crack and overflows from the filling hole, switch to the previous filling hole and continue filling the bacteria solution until all the filling holes are filled;

(6)灌注营养盐溶液(6) Infusion of nutrient salt solution

等待灌注孔的菌液液面下降，体积量80％以上的菌液渗入裂缝后，向灌注孔中分别注入两倍菌液体量的含有1mol/L的氯化钙和1mol/L尿素的营养盐溶液；Wait for the liquid level of the bacterial liquid in the perfusion hole to drop, and after more than 80% of the bacterial liquid in the volume penetrates into the crack, inject twice the amount of bacterial liquid into the perfusion hole, respectively, the nutrient salt containing 1mol/L calcium chloride and 1mol/L urea solution;

(7)后续4天继续灌注菌液(7) Continue to perfuse the bacterial solution for the next 4 days

后续4天每天灌注一次菌液，灌注方法同第(5)步；Infuse the bacterial solution once a day for the next 4 days, and the infusion method is the same as step (5);

(8)后续9天继续灌注营养盐溶液(8) Continue to perfuse the nutrient solution for the next 9 days

后续9天每天灌注一次营养盐溶液，灌注方法同第(6)步；Infuse the nutrient salt solution once a day for the next 9 days, and the infusion method is the same as step (6);

(9)灌注孔的封堵(9) Plugging of the perfusion hole

灌注孔内一次灌满粗砂，灌注菌液5天和营养盐溶液10天，重复步骤(5)至步骤(8)；菌液诱导氯化钙生成的碳酸钙沉积物可将裂缝和灌注孔有效地填充和封堵。Fill the perfusion hole once with coarse sand, perfuse the bacterial solution for 5 days and the nutrient solution for 10 days, and repeat steps (5) to (8); Effective filling and plugging.

所述步骤(1)中灌注孔倾斜向下，便于液体渗入，灌注孔的孔深为墙厚的1/2-3/4，孔的竖向间距300-500mm。In the step (1), the pouring holes are inclined downward to facilitate liquid infiltration, the depth of the pouring holes is 1/2-3/4 of the wall thickness, and the vertical spacing of the holes is 300-500mm.

所述步骤(2)中采用压缩空气将灌注孔内混凝土残渣吹净；再向灌注孔中注入清水，对灌注孔进行清洗。In the step (2), compressed air is used to blow off the concrete residue in the pouring hole; then, clean water is injected into the pouring hole to clean the pouring hole.

本发明的有益效果是能有效封堵裂缝，经注水试验和下雨后的观察，原裂缝的渗水量明显减少。利用非金属超声波探测仪对裂缝进行跨缝探测(图3、图4中缝两侧5个点为超声波探测时的耦合剂)，超声波的声时由70～80微秒减少到40微秒左右(见表1)，说明裂缝内有了密实的生成物，超声波可从生成物穿过，而不必绕过裂缝，因此声时减少。The beneficial effect of the invention is that the crack can be effectively blocked, and the water seepage of the original crack is obviously reduced through the water injection test and the observation after raining. Use a non-metallic ultrasonic detector to detect the crack across the crack (the five points on both sides of the crack in Figure 3 and Figure 4 are the coupling agent for ultrasonic detection), and the sound time of the ultrasonic wave is reduced from 70 to 80 microseconds to about 40 microseconds ( See Table 1), indicating that there is a dense product in the crack, and the ultrasonic wave can pass through the product without bypassing the crack, so the sound time is reduced.

表1超声波的声时Table 1 Ultrasound sound time

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施时示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram when the present invention is implemented;

图2-图5是现场封堵试验的照片；其中，图2是打孔步骤照片，图3是裂缝表面封闭照片，图4是灌注菌液和营养液照片；图5是灌注孔内的碳酸钙生成物照片；Fig. 2-Fig. 5 are photos of field plugging test; among them, Fig. 2 is a photo of the drilling step, Fig. 3 is a photo of crack surface sealing, Fig. 4 is a photo of perfusion bacteria solution and nutrient solution; Fig. 5 is a photo of the carbonic acid in the perfusion hole Photos of calcium generators;

其中1.地下室混凝土外墙，2.竖向裂缝，3.填土层，4.灌注孔，5.脱脂棉和纱布。Among them 1. Basement concrete exterior wall, 2. Vertical crack, 3. Filling layer, 4. Pouring hole, 5. Absorbent cotton and gauze.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

一种微生物灌浆封堵地下室混凝土结构竖向裂缝的方法，如图1-图5所示，地下室混凝土外墙1的外侧为防水层和填土层3，若地下室混凝土外墙1出现竖向裂缝2，很难在墙体外侧开挖填土，暴露出竖向裂缝2，再对裂缝进行封堵，采用墙体内侧缝内灌浆的方法封闭裂缝，步骤如下：A method for microbial grouting to seal vertical cracks in a basement concrete structure, as shown in Figures 1-5, the outside of the basement concreteexterior wall 1 is a waterproof layer and afilling layer 3, if there are vertical cracks in the basement concreteexterior wall 1 2. It is difficult to excavate and fill the outside of the wall, exposingvertical cracks 2, and then seal the cracks, and use the method of grouting inside the wall to seal the cracks. The steps are as follows:

(1)打孔(1) Punch

竖向裂缝内，由于微生物菌液和营养盐液体在自重作用下向下流淌，而且裂缝较细，直接灌注液体很难进入裂缝深处，因此，采用沿着裂缝竖向间隔设置灌注孔4；灌注孔4倾斜向下，便于液体渗入，灌注孔4的孔深为墙厚的1/2-3/4，孔的竖向间距300-500mm；In the vertical cracks, since the microbial bacteria liquid and nutrient salt liquid flow downward under the action of their own weight, and the cracks are thin, it is difficult to directly inject liquid into the depth of the cracks, so the pouringholes 4 are arranged vertically along the cracks; The pouringhole 4 is inclined downward to facilitate the infiltration of liquid. The depth of the pouringhole 4 is 1/2-3/4 of the wall thickness, and the vertical spacing of the holes is 300-500mm;

(2)清孔(2) clear hole

采用压缩空气将灌注孔4内混凝土残渣吹净；再向灌注孔4中注入清水，对灌注孔4进行清洗。Use compressed air to blow out the concrete residue in the pouringhole 4; then pour clean water into the pouringhole 4 to clean the pouringhole 4.

(3)裂缝表面封闭(3) Crack surface sealing

在裂缝的表面包裹一层脱脂棉，然后再包裹两层纱布，再用胶布将脱脂棉和纱布5固定；清水可从脱脂棉和纱布5中渗出，但是细菌粒径较大，会封挡在裂缝内；Wrap a layer of absorbent cotton on the surface of the crack, and then wrap two layers of gauze, and then fix the absorbent cotton andgauze 5 with adhesive tape; clear water can seep out of the absorbent cotton andgauze 5, but the bacterial particle size is large and will be blocked in the crack ;

(4)菌液和营养盐溶液制备(4) Preparation of bacterial liquid and nutrient salt solution

用发酵罐制备3-5升巴氏芽孢杆菌，酶活性OD600大于1；配制含有1mol/L的氯化钙和1mol/L尿素的营养盐溶液；Prepare 3-5 liters of Bacillus pasteurianus in a fermenter, and the enzyme activity OD600 is greater than 1; prepare a nutrient salt solution containing 1mol/L calcium chloride and 1mol/L urea;

(5)灌注菌液(5) Infusion of bacteria solution

从最下方的灌注孔4向裂缝内灌注菌液，待菌液渗入到裂缝后并从灌注孔溢出时，换到上一灌注孔4继续灌注菌液，直至所有灌注孔4内灌满；Inject the bacterial solution into the crack from thebottom perfusion hole 4, and when the bacterial solution penetrates into the crack and overflows from the perfusion hole, switch to theprevious perfusion hole 4 and continue to perfuse the bacterial solution until all the perfusion holes 4 are filled;

(6)灌注营养盐溶液(6) Infusion of nutrient salt solution

等待灌注孔4的菌液液面下降，80％以上的菌液渗入裂缝后，向灌注孔4中分别注入两倍菌液体量的含有1mol/L的氯化钙和1mol/L尿素的营养盐溶液；Wait for the liquid level of the bacterial liquid in theperfusion hole 4 to drop, and after more than 80% of the bacterial liquid penetrates into the crack, inject twice the amount of bacterial liquid into theperfusion hole 4, respectively, the nutrient salt containing 1mol/L calcium chloride and 1mol/L urea solution;

(7)后续4天继续灌注菌液(7) Continue to perfuse the bacterial solution for the next 4 days

后续4天每天灌注一次菌液，灌注方法同第(5)步；Infuse the bacterial solution once a day for the next 4 days, and the infusion method is the same as step (5);

(8)后续9天继续灌注营养盐溶液(8) Continue to perfuse the nutrient solution for the next 9 days

后续9天每天灌注一次营养盐溶液，灌注方法同第(6)步；Infuse the nutrient salt solution once a day for the next 9 days, and the infusion method is the same as step (6);

(9)灌注孔的封堵(9) Plugging of the perfusion hole

灌注孔4内一次灌满粗砂，灌注菌液5天和营养盐溶液10天，重复步骤(5)至步骤(8)；菌液诱导氯化钙生成的碳酸钙沉积物可将裂缝和灌注孔有效地填充和封堵。Fill theperfusion hole 4 once with coarse sand, perfuse the bacterial solution for 5 days and the nutrient salt solution for 10 days, repeat steps (5) to (8); Pores are efficiently filled and plugged.

上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the method in the vertical crack of microorganism grout sealing Basement Concrete Structures, the outside of outer wall of basement is waterproofing course and fill stratum, if vertical crack appears in concrete exterior wall; Being difficult in the wall outer side excavation bankets; Expose the crack, again shutoff is carried out in the crack, it is characterized in that; Adopt the method dead-end fracture that is in the milk in the latasuture in the body of wall, step is following:

(1) punching

In the vertical crack, because the trickling downwards under the deadweight effect of microbial inoculum and nutritive salt liquid, and the crack is thinner, and directly perfusion fluid is difficult to get into the depths, crack, therefore, adopts the vertical fill orifice that is provided with at interval along the crack;

(2) clear hole

Fill orifice inner concrete residue is removed clean;

(3) fracture faces sealing

Parcel one deck absorbent cotton on the surface in crack, and then wrap up two-layer gauze, with adhesive plaster absorbent cotton and gauze are fixed again; Clear water can ooze out from absorbent cotton and gauze, but the bacterium particle diameter is bigger, and the meeting block is in the crack;

(4) bacterium liquid and nutrient salt solution preparation

Prepare 3-5 with fermentation tank and rise the Pasteur bacillus, enzymatic activity OD600 is greater than 1; Preparation contains the calcium chloride of 1mol/L and the nutrient salt solution of 1mol/L urea;

(5) perfusion bacterium liquid

In the crack, pour into bacterium liquid from the fill orifice of below, treat that bacterium liquid penetrates into behind the crack and when fill orifice overflows, change to fill orifice continuation and pour into bacterium liquid, in all fill orifices, fill;

(6) perfusion nutrient salt solution

The bacterium liquid liquid level of waiting for fill orifice descends, and the bacterium liquid more than 80% injects the calcium chloride that contains 1mol/L of twice bacteria liquid amount and the nutrient salt solution of 1mol/L urea respectively after infiltrating the crack in fill orifice;

(7) continued perfusion bacterium liquid in follow-up 4 days

Pour into one time bacterium liquid follow-up 4 day every day, method for filling is with (5) step;

(8) continued the perfusion nutrient salt solution in follow-up 9 days

Pour into the one time of nutrition salting liquid follow-up 9 day every day, method for filling is with (6) step;

(9) shutoff of fill orifice

Once fill coarse sand in the fill orifice, perfusion bacterium liquid 5 days and nutrient salt solution 10 days, repeating step (5) is to step (8); The tosca thing that bacterium liquid induces calcium chloride to generate can be filled crack and fill orifice and shutoff effectively.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, fill orifice is tilted to down in the said step (1), is convenient to liquid and infiltrates, and the hole depth of fill orifice is the 1/2-3/4 of wall thickness, the vertical spacing 300-500mm in hole.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts compressed air that fill orifice inner concrete residue is blown off in the said step (2); In fill orifice, inject clear water again, fill orifice is cleaned.

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