CN102426867A - Whisker reinforced copper-based electric contact material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The whisker reinforced copper-based electric contact material consists of electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and silicon carbide whisker or tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker, wherein the copper alloy powder contains one or any combination of aluminum, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron and rare earth elements; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the whiskers with electrolytic copper powder and copper alloy powder in proportion, and carrying out ball milling on the mixture in a high-energy ball mill under the protection of argon gas to obtain uniform mixed powder; cold isostatic pressing the obtained mixed powder into a cylindrical blank; sintering the cylindrical blank in an argon protective atmosphere; re-pressing the sintered blank; re-burning the re-pressed blank in an argon protective atmosphere; hot extruding the re-sintered blank into a plate; carrying out aging treatment on the plate under the argon protective atmosphere; and (3) after rolling or drawing the aging-treated section, blanking according to the size of the product. The electric contact material has good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, is resistant to fusion welding, arc ablation and corrosion, and particularly has good high-temperature oxidation resistance.

Description

Whisker strengthens copper-based electric contact material and preparation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the electric contact material technical field, relate to a kind of copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method.

Background technology

In present disclosed contact patent and the contact material used, one type is to be the Ag-based electrical contact material of principal component with silver, and another kind of is to be the copper-based electrical contact material of principal component with copper.The Ag-based electrical contact material electrical property that with silver is principal component is fine, and cost is very high.With copper be the copper-based electrical contact of principal component the cost of material is low, electrical property is still not as silver-based contact.In the increasing world today of contact use amount, the silver that is used for contact increases year by year, and this just presses for a kind of contact material that can replace silver-based contact fully.Whisker is meant a kind of fiber that under the manual control condition, grows into the monocrystalline form; Its diameter very little (micron number magnitude); Do not contain the defective (crystal boundary, dislocation, hole etc.) that exists in the common material; Its atomic arrangement high-sequential, thereby its intensity approaches the theoretical value of perfect crystal.Its mechanical strength equals in abutting connection with interatomic force.The height-oriented structure of whisker not only makes it have high strength, high-modulus and high elongation rate, but also has electricity, light, magnetic, dielectric, conduction, superconduct character.Four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker is unique whisker with space multistory structure in all whiskers so far; Because of its unique solid four needle-like three-dimensional structures; Be readily embodied in the even distribution in the basis material; Thereby isotropically improve the physical property of material, give the functional characteristic of the multiple uniqueness of material simultaneously, like superhigh intensity, isotropism, excellent thermal endurance, adjustable electric property, Nano semiconductor activity.Particularly the fusing point of zinc oxide is higher than 1800 ℃; Four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker can be anti-1720 ℃ the characteristics of high temperature (being higher than this temperature possibly distil); Can not stay the composition that remaining influence is conducted electricity as anti-melting welding composition in the contact material, have advantageous advantage in contact surface.Silicon carbide whisker has good mechanical performance, thermal endurance, durable corrosivity and high temperature oxidation resistance equally, and this new product and host material have good compatibility.Particularly when contact work produced electric arc, silicon carbide whisker can absorb oxygen, stoped or reduce the oxidation of copper matrix, and under the high-temperature electric arc effect, it is metallic copper that the carbon monoxide that its burning is produced can make the copper oxide reduction of contact surface simultaneously.Adopt powder metallurgy process in the copper matrix, to add silicon carbide whisker or ZnOw, when playing dispersion-strengthened action, very little to the material electric conductivity influence.Can play good anti-melting welding, arc resistant ablation, anti-oxidant particularly resistance to high temperature oxidation as high and low voltage electrical equipment with the contact use, improve resistance to wear, improve contact resistance, reduce effects such as temperature rise, raising electric life.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high strength, high conduction, high heat conduction, resistance to oxidation, anti-melting welding, anti-electrical arc erosion and the long silicon carbide whisker of electric life or ZnOw to strengthen copper-based electric contact material and preparation technology thereof.

The objective of the invention is to realize like this:

Whisker strengthens copper-based electric contact material to be made up of electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and whisker, and whisker is silicon carbide whisker or four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker, and whisker accounts for 0.05～10% of contact material total weight; Contain a kind of or any combination in the aluminium that accounts for contact material total weight 0.05～5%, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element in the copper alloy powder.

The preparation method that a kind of whisker strengthens copper-based electric contact material is following:

(1) whisker mixes with electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder in proportion, and under argon shield atmosphere, ball milling is 6～12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and copper alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; A kind of or any combination in the aluminium that copper alloy powder contains, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element, copper alloy powder is processed with water atomization;

(2) use cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250～300MPa to become the cylinder blank of diameter the mixed-powder that is obtained as 50mm;

(3) with cylinder blank sintering 1～4 hour under argon shield atmosphere, 800～1000 ℃ of temperature;

(4) the multiple pressure under 500～600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;

(5) in 800～960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1～2 hour to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 700～950 ℃;

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 500～870 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 1～3 hour processing time;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.

Whisker of the present invention strengthens copper-based electric contact material, has the premium properties of metal and pottery concurrently, and not only intensity is high, and possesses good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, good characteristics such as anti-melting welding, arc ablation resistance, corrosion-resistant, anti-oxidant especially high-temperature oxidation resistance.Can be widely used in contact material, like high and low voltage electrical equipment with contact material, brush, pantograph pan etc.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further.

It is to be that 0.05～10% silicon carbide whisker or ZnOw prepare through the powder metallurgical technique method by electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and percentage by weight that whisker of the present invention strengthens copper-based electric contact material.

Embodiment 1:

(1) silicon carbide whisker: 1.5kg; The yellow gold powder of argentiferous 1kg: 10kg and electrolytic copper powder: 88.5kg is under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 6 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and yellow gold powder particle mean size are-200 orders; The yellow gold powder is processed with water atomization;

(2) use cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250MPa to become the cylinder blank of diameter the mixed-powder that is obtained as 50mm;

(3) with cylinder blank sintering 1 hour under argon shield atmosphere, 1000 ℃ of temperature;

(4) the multiple pressure under 500 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;

(5) in 800 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 2 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 700 ℃;

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 500 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 3 hours processing times;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.

Embodiment 2

(1) ZnOw powder: 50kg; The copper lanthanum alloy powder that contains lanthanum 30kg: 200kg and electrolytic copper powder: 750kg is under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 8 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and copper lanthanum alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Copper lanthanum alloy powder is processed with water atomization;

(2) use cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 280MPa to become the cylinder blank of diameter the mixed-powder that is obtained as 50mm;

(3) with cylinder blank sintering 2 hours under argon shield atmosphere, 90 ℃ of temperature;

(4) the multiple pressure under 550 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;

(5) in 860 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1.3 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 800 ℃;

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 700 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 1.5 hours processing times;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.

Embodiment 3

(1) ZnOw: 0.5kg; The kuttern powder that contains tellurium 0.4kg: 10kg; The lanthanum copper alloy powder that contains lanthanum 0.3kg: 10%; Contain aluminium 0.1kg copper-aluminium alloy powder: 10kg; The copper zirconium alloy powder that contains zirconium 0.05kg: 10kg and electrolytic copper powder 59.5kg are under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 9 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder, copper tellurium bronze, lanthanum copper alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Copper tellurium bronze, lanthanum copper alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder are processed with water atomization;

(2) use cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 280MPa to become the cylinder blank of diameter the mixed-powder that is obtained as 50mm;

(3) with cylinder blank sintering 3 hours under argon shield atmosphere, 900 ℃ of temperature;

(4) the multiple pressure under 580 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;

(5) in 900 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1.5 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 900 ℃;

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 850 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 1.5 hours processing times;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.

Embodiment 4

(1) silicon carbide whisker 0.05kg, the kuttern powder 20kg that contains tellurium 3g, the copper lanthanum alloy powder 20kg that contains lanthanum 1g, the copper-aluminium alloy powder 10kg that contains aluminium 0.5g, the copper zirconium alloy powder 10kg that contains zirconium 0.5g and electrolytic copper powder 39.95kkg; Under argon shield atmosphere; Ball milling is 12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder, kuttern powder, copper lanthanum alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Kuttern powder, copper lanthanum alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder are processed with water atomization.

(2) mixed-powder that is obtained isostatic cool pressing under 300MPa being become diameter is the cylinder blank of 50mm.

(3) in 1000 ℃ of sintering, sintering temperature is 1 hour to the cylinder blank under argon shield atmosphere.

(4) the multiple pressure under 600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering.

(5) in 960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1 hour to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere.

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 950 ℃.

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 870 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 1 hour processing time;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.

Embodiment 5

(1) ZnOw: 10kg; Contain tellurium 0.05g kuttern powder: 10kg and electrolytic copper powder: 80kg is under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and kuttern powder particle mean size are-200 orders; The kuttern powder is processed with water atomization;

(2) use cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250～300MPa to become the cylinder blank of diameter the mixed-powder that is obtained as 50mm;

(3) with cylinder blank sintering 4 hours under argon shield atmosphere, 1000 ℃ of temperature;

(4) the multiple pressure under 600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;

(5) in 960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 2 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 950 ℃;

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 870 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 3 hours processing times;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.

Add a spot of silver in the copper and, can improve its intensity, hardness, increase that electricity is led, thermal conductance and corrosion resistance, improve mobile and wettability is also improved the cold and hot working performance through excessive deformation process.In copper, add rare earth element in right amount, can improve the oxidation resistance of acid bronze alloy low temperature and high temperature, improve the intensity and the recrystallization temperature of acid bronze alloy, and conductivity is slightly improved.In copper, add zirconium, chromium, aluminium in right amount and can improve the medium and high temperature oxidation resistance of copper-based material, anti-ablation property and decay resistance.Aluminium, tellurium can reduce contact temperature and have the arc extinguishing effect as contact material the time through its vaporization.Boron can absorb oxygen when contact is worked, prevent or reduce the oxidation of copper-base contact material.

Claims (2)

1. whisker strengthens copper-based electric contact material, and it is characterized in that: be made up of electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and whisker, whisker is silicon carbide whisker or four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker, and whisker accounts for 0.05～10% of contact material total weight; Contain a kind of or any combination in the aluminium that accounts for contact material total weight 0.05～5%, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element in the copper alloy powder.

2. one kind strengthens the preparation method of copper-based electric contact material according to the described whisker of claim 1, it is characterized in that method is following:

(1) whisker mixes with electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder in proportion, and under argon shield atmosphere, ball milling is 6～12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and copper alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; A kind of or any combination in the aluminium that copper alloy powder contains, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element, copper alloy powder is processed with water atomization;

(2) use cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250～300MPa to become the cylinder blank of diameter the mixed-powder that is obtained as 50mm;

(3) with cylinder blank sintering 1～4 hour under argon shield atmosphere, 800～1000 ℃ of temperature;

(4) the multiple pressure under 500～600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;

(5) in 800～960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1～2 hour to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;

(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 700～950 ℃;

(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 500～870 ℃ of treatment temperatures, 1～3 hour processing time;

(8) will pass through section rolling or the drawing processing of Ageing Treatment after, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.